2A. Los Apuntes: Reflexive Verbs Textbook p. 80 Reflexive Verbs What is a reflexive verb? A reflexive verb is an action that people do _________ or __________ themselves. With a reflexive verb, the person carrying out the action also ____________________ the action. For example: washing one’s face or brushing one’s teeth. What does a reflexive verb look like? In Spanish, reflexive verbs are easy to identify because their infinitive forms have _______ at the end. This se at the end of the infinitive is called a __________________________. Let’s look at the breakdown of the verbs afeitarse, to shave, and bañarse, to bathe. afeit ar se bañ ar se ____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ How do you conjugate a reflexive verb? When conjugating a reflexive verb, first _____________ the reflexive pronoun from the end. Conjugate the verb like normal: drop the infinitive ending, then add the new present-tense ending that matches the subject. The reflexive pronoun is also changed to match the subject, then placed in front of the conjugated verb. Reflexive pronouns When placing the new reflexive pronoun ___________________________, you must choose the correct pronoun that matches the subject. Remember, the subject is also the person or people who ___________________ the action of the verb. The reflexive pronouns are as follows: ¡Practiquemos! Complete the sentences by writing the correct reflexive pronoun and conjugation of the verb in parenthesis. Be on the lookout for stem changers! Follow the model. Modelo: Paco siempre __se__ __afieta__ los domingos. 1. Gregorio y Lorenzo __________ __________________ muy tarde los fines de semana. (levantarse) 2. Yo __________ __________________ en ropa muy elegante para ir a la boda. (vestirse) 3. Emilia y yo __________ __________________ las uñas para el baile. (pintarse) 4. Uds. _________ __________________ muy temprano la noche antes del evento especial. (acostarse) 5. Tú __________ __________________ rápidamente antes de la escuela. (ducharse) 6. Sancho no __________ __________________ los dientes todos los días. ¡Uf! (cepillarse) A quick note… Look back at numbers 3 and 6 above. We would translate these as “Emily and I paint our nails for the dance” and “Sancho doesn’t brush his teeth every day.” However, note that the possessive pronouns for our and his or not used. Instead, we use _______________________________. A general rule to remember is that when a reflexive verb is used with parts of the body or clothing, definite articles are used, not possessive pronouns. Me lavo la cara. I wash my face. Te pones los zapatos. You put on your shoes. Placement of reflexive pronouns So far, we have only discussed placing the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. However, when two verbs used together in a sentence, there is another option. Recall that when two verbs are used in conjunction, the first one is _____________________ and the second one is left in the ____________________ form. The two options we have for placement of the reflexive pronoun are: 1. __________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________ Me tengo que levantar. -or- Tengo que levantarme. Carolina se va a secar el pelo. -or- Carolina va a secarse el pelo. There is no change in meaning; these pairs of sentences express the same ideas. Notice that regardless of the placement of the pronoun, it still has to match the subject of the sentence. ¡Practiquemos! ¡Uy! The following sentences are missing their reflexive pronouns! Rewrite each sentence twice, demonstrating two different placements of the pronoun. Follow the model. Modelo: Carmela va a poner el cinturón. 1. __Carmela se va a poner el cinturón._______ 2. __Carmela va a ponerse el cinturón.________ 1. Rafael debe duchar. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 2. Yo quiero cortar el pelo. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 3. Nosotros vamos a pintar las 1. _________________________________________________ uñas. 2. _________________________________________________ 4. Uds. necesitan bañar. 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 5. Tú tienes que arreglar el 1. _________________________________________________ pelo. 2. _________________________________________________ ¡Practiquemos! Each of the sentences below has an error. Circle the error, then correctly rewrite the portion of the sentence that needs the change. 1. Yo despertarme a las ocho de la mañana. 2. Ellas se pintan sus uñas cada semana. 3. Nosotros se acostamos muy tarde durante el verano. 4. Ud. va a afeitar mañana. 5. Tú tienes que cortarse el pelo pronto. Reflexive Verbs What is a reflexive verb? A reflexive verb is an action that people do ___to____ or __for_____ themselves. With a reflexive verb, the person carrying out the action also ___receives________ the action. For example: washing one’s face or brushing one’s teeth. What does a reflexive verb look like? In Spanish, reflexive verbs are easy to identify because their infinitive forms have __se___ at the end. This se at the end of the infinitive is called a __reflexive pronoun_____. Let’s look at the breakdown of the verbs afeitarse, to shave, and bañarse, to bathe. afeit ar se bañ ar se __stem______ _infinitive___ _reflexive____ __stem______ _infinitive___ _reflexive____ _ending_____ _pronoun_____ _ending_____ _pronoun_____ How do you conjugate a reflexive verb? When conjugating a reflexive verb, first __drop________ the reflexive pronoun from the end. Conjugate the verb like normal: drop the infinitive ending, then add the new present-tense ending that matches the subject. The reflexive pronoun is also changed to match the subject, then placed in front of the conjugated verb. Reflexive pronouns When placing the new reflexive pronoun _before the verb________, you must choose the correct pronoun that matches the subject. Remember, the subject is also the person or people who __receive(s)_________ the action of the verb. The reflexive pronouns are as follows: me nos te se se ¡Practiquemos! Complete the sentences by writing the correct reflexive pronoun and conjugation of the verb in parenthesis. Be on the lookout for stem changers! Follow the model. Modelo: Paco siempre __se__ __afieta__ los domingos. 1. Gregorio y Lorenzo ___se_____ __levantan_____ muy tarde los fines de semana. (levantarse) 2. Yo ___me_____ ___visto__________ en ropa muy elegante para ir a la boda. (vestirse) 3. Emilia y yo __nos_____ ____pintamos_________ las unas para el baile. (pintarse) 4. Uds. ____se____ ___acuestan_______ muy temprano la noche antes del evento especial. (acostarse) 5. Tú ____te____ ____duchas_________ rápidamente antes de la escuela. (ducharse) 6. Sancho no ___se_____ ___cepilla________ los dientes todos los días. ¡Uf! (cepillarse) A quick note… Look back at numbers 3 and 6 above. We would translate these as “Emily and I paint our nails for the dance” and “Sancho doesn’t brush his teeth every day.” However, note that the possessive pronouns for our and his or not used. Instead, we use __definite articles___________. A general rule to remember is that when a reflexive verb is used with parts of the body or clothing, definite articles are used, not possessive pronouns. Me lavo la cara. I wash my face. Te pones los zapatos. You put on your shoes. Placement of reflexive pronouns So far, we have only discussed placing the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. However, when two verbs used together in a sentence, there is another option. Recall that when two verbs are used in conjunction, the first one is __conjugated___________ and the second one is left in the __infinitive______________ form. The two options we have for placement of the reflexive pronoun are: 1. _before the conjugated verb___________________ 2. _attached to the end of the verb infinitive ________ Me tengo que levantar. -or- Tengo que levantarme. Carolina se va a secar el pelo. -or- Carolina va a secarse el pelo. There is no change in meaning; these pairs of sentences express the same ideas. Notice that regardless of the placement of the pronoun, it still has to match the subject of the sentence. ¡Practiquemos! ¡Uy! The following sentences are missing their reflexive pronouns! Rewrite each sentence twice, demonstrating two different placements of the pronoun. Follow the model. Modelo: Carmela va a poner el cinturón. 1. __Carmela se va a poner el cinturón._______ 2. __Carmela va a ponerse el cinturón.________ 1. Rafael debe duchar. 1. _Rafael se debe duchar. _____________________________ 2. _Rafael debe ducharse.______________________________ 2. Yo quiero cortar el pelo. 1. _Yo me quiero cortar el pelo. _________________________ 2. _Yo quiero cortarme el pelo.__________________________ 3. Nosotros vamos a pintar las 1. _Nosotros nos vamos a pintar las uñas. ________________ uñas. 2. _Nosotros vamos a pintarnos las uñas. ________________ 4. Uds. necesitan bañar. 1. _Uds. se necesitan bañar. ___________________________ 2. _Uds. necesitan bañarse. ___________________________ 5. Tú tienes que arreglar el 1. _Tú te tienes que arreglar el pelo. ____________________ pelo. 2. _Tú tienes que arreglarte el pelo._____________________ ¡Practiquemos! Each of the sentences below has an error. Circle the error, then correctly rewrite the portion of the sentence that needs the change. 1. Yo despertarme a las ocho de la mañana. me despierto 2. Ellas se pintan sus uñas cada semana. las 3. Nosotros se acostamos muy tarde durante el verano. nos 4. Ud. va a afeitar mañana. se va a afeitar / va a afeitarse 5. Tú tienes que cortarse el pelo pronto. te .