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Protection and Management Plan on Kaiping Diaolou and Villages

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Protection and Management Plan on Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Name of project Protection and Management Plan on Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Entrusting party People's ~overnmentof Kaiping City, Guangdong Province Undertaking party Urban Planning and Design Center of Peking University Director of the center Professor Xie Ninggao Heads of Project Professor He Luping Dr. Shen Wenquan Preparer Wu Honglin, Chen Yaohua, Song Feng, Zheng Xinzhou, Han Xiangyi, Cao Lijuan, Xuhui, Jiang Piyan, Chen Rui Co-sponsors Kaiping Office of Protection and Management of Diaolou and Villages Land Administration Bureau of Kaiping Planning Burea of Kaiping Wuyi University Completion time December 2001 Contents I . Background of the planning 1.1 Background of the planning .....................................................1 1.2 Scope of the planning ........................................................... 2 . 1.3 Natural cond~t~ons............................................................... 2 1.4 Historical development .........................................................3 1.5 Socio-cconomic conditions .................................................... 3 11 . Analysis of property resources 2.1 Distribution of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages ...............................5 2.2 Description of the cultural heritage in the planned area ....................6 2.3 Spaces characteristics of the properties ...................................... I I 2.4 Value of the properties ......................................................... I3 111 . Current situation and analysis of the protection 3.1 Current situation of the protection ........................................... I6 3.2 Factors that affect the protection ............................................. 16 3.3 Evaluation of the property prescwation .................................... 20 IV General principles for the protection plan 4.1 Basis of the plan .............................................................. 21 4.2 Nature of thc plan .............................................................. 21 4.3 Guiding ideology and principles .............................................21 4.4 Goals of the plan ...............................................................22 4.5 Phases of the plan .................................................................22 4.6 Zoning and level-based protection ......................................... 22 V . Property protection and conservation plan of buildings 5.1 Land use control .............................................................. 25 5.2 Landscape control ............................................................... 27 5.3 Building protection and conservation classification ..................... 28 5.4 Key buildings under protection ............................................ 28 V1 . Specific protection plans 6.1 Forestation plan .............................................................. 32 6.2 Road construction plan ...................................................... 35 6.3 Water area treatment plan ................................................... 36 6.4 Environment protection plan ............................................... 38 6.5 Plan for sight-seeing facility construction ................................ 40 VI1 . Short-term plan and investment estimates 7.1 Main points for periodical planning ....................................... 42 7.2 Short-term investment estimates ........................................... 42 VIII . Suggestions on the means of management and plan implementation 8.1 Historical changes of management dcpartrnent and protection measures ..................................................... 45 8.2 Suggestions on the means of management ............................... 45 8.3 Suggestions on the implementation plan ................................ 46 Maps and Plans 1. Map showing the core area and buffer zone around Sanmenli Village. 2. Map showing the core area and buffer zone around Jinjiangli Village. 3. Map showing the core area and buffer zone around Zili Village and the Fang Clan Watchtower. 4. Map showing the core area and buffer zone around Majianglong Village Cluster. 5. South elevation of Zili Village 6. West elevation of Yong'an Village, Majianglong Cluster 7. West elevation of Qinglin Village, Majianglong Cluster 8. South elevation of Jinjiangli Village 9. Site plan of conservation and management of Jinjiangli Village 10. Site plan of conservation and management of Zili Village I I. Site plan of conservation and management of Yong'an Village, Majianglong Cluster 12. Site plan of conservation and management of Qinglin Village, Majianglong Cluster Extracts from the Protection and Management Plan on Kaiping Diaolou and Villages. I. Background of the planning 1.1 Background of the planning Kaiping Diaolou and Villages fall into a special category of China's vernacular architecture. The Diaolou, residential buildings and other public facilities in Kaiping villages fit well into the natural environment. These multiple-story tower buildings serve the purpose of defence and dwelling and integrate the Chinese and western architectural art into one entity. Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, which were created against the complex socio-economic background in modern China, are an outstanding proof of the culture of Overseas Chinese. On October 31, 2000, Kaiping People's Government announced that Kaiping Diaolou were the city-level sites of cultural relics under protection. On June 25, 2001, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced that Kaiping Diaolou were the state-level key sites of cultural relics under protection. At present, the state applying to the UNESCO for the inscription of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in the World Heritage List of Cultural and Natural Properties. Four most representative and valuable Diaolou and villages -Sanmenli Village, Zili Village and the Fang Clan Watchtower, Jinjiangli Village and Majianglong Village Cluster - are selected as the sites for inscription. As precious cultural properties, strict protection measures for Kaiping Diaolou and Villages need to be formulated according to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics so that they could be preserved generation after generation. The protection plans for the five sites for the world heritage inscription have been made against this background. 1.2 Scope of the planning The protection plan covers the four property sites -Sanmenli Village, Zili Villages and the Fang Clan Watch Tower, Jinjiangli Village and Majianglong Village Cluster, as well as the surrounding areas of these sites. The protection concerns the important Diaolou and residential buildings, intact village layouts, natural environment that is inseparable from the villages, relics and historical materials related to local culture and Overseas Chinese culture. Table 1-1 Areas of the nominated properties and buffer zones Nominated property Proposed buffer Zone Name of Property in Hectares in Hectares Sannienli Village 14 69 1 Zili Village 252 988 and the Fang Clan Watch Towcr Majianglong Village 103 417 Jinjiangli Villagc 6 1 584 Total 430 2680 (The scope of property sites is equivalent to the protected areas of the property sites. The buffer zones are equivalent to the construction control zones) 1.3 Natural conditions Kaiping Diaolou and Villages are located in the city of Kaiping in central Guangdong and southwest of the Pearl River Delta. Its exact location in the map is 1 12" 13' to 1 12" 48' E and 21 " 58' and 22" 44' N. The city of Kaiping, where the Diaolou are located, is hilly in the south, north and west while in the east and central part are mainly hilly plains. Most part of the city is below 50 meters below sea level. The Tanjiang River goes through the middle part of Kaiping and, together with its branches, constitutes the waterways crisscrossing the area. On the banks of the river are flood plains, where the land is flat and fertile. As the area is situated in the southern subtropical monsoon zone, the climate here is mild; sunshine is sufficient; and rainfall is plenty. But it is also frequented by typhoons and floods. Its annual average temperature is 21.8"C - 23.2 "C. In the coldest January, the average temperature is 12.9"C - 13.7"C. In the hottest July, the average temperature is 28.1 "C - 28.3"C. 1.4 Historical development (Omitted, see the Application Document) 1.5 Social-economic conditions Kaiping Diaolou and Villages mostly distributed in the countryside. Natural villages are the basic grass-roots units in rural residential areas. They were built in traditional form of planning and format. People of the same surname who had very close blood relationship built the villages together. When the land is sufficiently available, several natural villages formed a village group, which are usually composed of the administrative villages nowadays. Since the opening-up policy was adopted in the late 1970s, and the new policy on the returned Overseas Chinese was carried out, more people with overseas relatives have been migrating abroad. Urbanization has also pushed many locals to work and live outside. These villages have seen fewer and fewer new births and deaths. People aged higher than 60 have accounted for more than 10%. This area has entered the aged society. Every village has an activity center for the elderly and an association for the elderly. The population in these villages tends to decline. The laborers are surplus in these villages. Most of the villagers are engaged in farming and sideline
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