Is Epistemology Tainted?1
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Christian Nonprofit Ceos:Ethical Idealism, Relativism, and Motivation
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Dissertations Graduate School Spring 2016 Christian Nonprofit EC Os:Ethical Idealism, Relativism, and Motivation Sharlene Garces Baragona Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss Part of the Applied Behavior Analysis Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, and the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Baragona, Sharlene Garces, "Christian Nonprofit EC Os:Ethical Idealism, Relativism, and Motivation" (2016). Dissertations. Paper 100. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/100 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRISTIAN NONPROFIT CEOS: ETHICAL IDEALISM, RELATIVISM, AND MOTIVATION A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education By Sharlene Sameon Garces Baragona May 2016 I humbly dedicate this work to my Creator, Lord of heaven and earth, Constant Provider, Ultimate Moral Law Giver, Loving Savior, and the Great I Am. Almighty God, You alone are worthy of all honor, glory, and praise. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Lord has blessed me with wonderful people who helped me complete this doctoral degree. I could not take this journey without Earnest, my loving husband and best friend, by my side. God gave me more than I asked when Earnest came into my life. I have been very fortunate to have an excellent team of mentors who challenged and inspired me to succeed. -
THE Iffilville REVIVAL a Study of Twentieth Century Criticism
THE iffiLVILLE REVIVAL A Study of Twentieth Century Criticism Through its Treatment of Herman Melville DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By BERNARD MICHAEL WOLPERT, B.S. in Ed., M.A. The Ohio State University 1951 Approved by; Adviser CONTENTS Chapter Page I. Backgrounds of Twentieth Century Criticism .......... 1 II. British Origins of the Melville R e v i v a l ............ 22 III. Melville and the Methods of Literary History......... 41 IV. Melville and Sociological Criticism.......... 69 V. Melville and Psychological Criticism.......... 114- VI, Melville and Philosophical Criticism ............. 160 VII. Melville and the New Criticism . ................ IS? VIII. Melville and the Development of Pluralistic Criticism 24-0 CHAPTER I Backgrounds of Twentieth Century Criticism At the time of Melville's death in I89I, the condition of literary criticism in America was amorphous. So dominant had become the demands of a journalism that catered to a flourishing middle-class public de termined to achieve an easy method to "culture," that the literary critic of this period, the eighties and nineties, devised an artificial tradition by which he could protect himself against the democratic so ciety with which he was acutely dissatisfied. This tradition was, therefore, conservative in nature. Its values, based on customary taste and training, were selected primarily as a refuge against both the con temporary American society -
Knowledge Organization: an Epistemological Perspective
Knowl. Org. 31(2004)No.1 49 Ch. Zins: Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective Chaim Zins Department of Information ScienceHuman Services, Bar-Ilan University of Haifa Email: [email protected]. Dr. Chaim Zins is an information scientist, at the Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan Uni- versity. He is a former member at the Department of Human Services, University of Haifa. Dr. Zins' current research is focused on knowledge organization, foundations of information science, knowl- edge management, information and referral services, and information retrieval. Zins, Chaim. (2004). Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective. Knowledge Or- ganization, 31(1). 49-54. 11 refs. ABSTRACT: This philosophical essay explores the epistemological foundations of knowledge organization and discusses im- plications for classification research. The study defines the concept of “knowledge,” distinguishes between subjective knowl- edge (i.e., knowledge as a thought in the individual’s mind) and objective knowledge (i.e., knowledge as an independent ob- ject), establishes the necessity of knowledge organization in the construction of knowledge and its key role in the creation, learning, and dissemination of knowledge, and concludes with implications for the development of classification schemes and knowledge maps. Overview second stage, I will discuss the relationship between subjective knowledge and objective knowledge. (No- Scholars and practitioners in the field of knowledge te that “subjective knowledge” is equivalent here to organization rarely stop to reflect and ponder upon the knowledge of the subject or the individual kno- the philosophical foundations of their field of exper- wer, and “objective knowledge” is equivalent here to tise. -
Chapter 2: Man in the Measure, Reuben Abel
1 The Basis of Knowledge Chapter 2: Man in the Measure: A Cordial Invitation to the Central Problems of Philosophy, , Reuben Abel pgs. 18 –21 and 24 - 27 “The Basis of Knowledge” IT IS CONVENIENT to pin the "problem of knowledge" on Plato, for he regarded knowledge as a mysterious kind of union between a knower and the known. Contemplation for Plato was a kind of love; and, just as the lover physically grasps his beloved, so does the knower spiritually apprehend the eternal Forms. The metaphor, of course, is older than Plato, for it was Adam who "knew Eve his wife," and the suggestive phrase "carnal knowledge" still recalls that ancient tradition. But if we take the metaphor too literally-if we ask how knowing involves grasping the immaterial-if we assume that Plato's Forms are quietly waiting out there to be seized-then we have allowed a poetic usage to create a philosophic problem. When a man gets to know something (as John Dewey remarks), the process is no more mysterious than when he gets to eat something. Man's curiosity is as natural to him as his hunger. But philosophers have usually been more puzzled by epistemology than by digestion. Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description Of course "knowledge" is not all that simple. We may begin here with Bertrand Russell's distinction between "knowledge by acquaintance" and "knowledge by description" Acquaintance is direct and immediate; it consist of “raw feels.” We are acquainted with a person , or with a place, or with a food. -
Is Epistemology Tainted?1
Disputatio Lecturer 2015 Is Epistemology Tainted?1 Jason Stanley Yale University DOI: 10.2478/disp-2016-0001 BIBLID [0873-626X (2016) 42; pp. 1-35] Abstract Epistemic relativism comes in many forms, which have been much discussed in the last decade or so in analytic epistemology. My goal is to defend a version of epistemic relativism that sources the relativ- ity in the metaphysics of epistemic properties and relations, most sa- liently knowledge. I contrast it with other relativist theses. I argue that the sort of metaphysical relativism about knowledge I favor does not threaten the objectivity of the epistemological domain. Keywords Knowledge, vagueness, relativism. In Stanley 2005 (henceforth KPI), I defend the view that knowledge is interest-relative. I also there defend the view that all important epistemic properties and relations are interest-relative. I was and am sympathetic to knowledge first epistemology. The interest-relativity of the epistemic domain is inherited from the dependence of all im- portant epistemic properties and relations on knowledge. This is the distinctive version of epistemic relativism I endorse. The view I defend is explicitly relativist. Relativist views are widely considered to be problematic. It is therefore important for me to distinguish it from relativist views that I also reject. Chapter 7 of KPI distinguishes my view favorably from truth-relativism about knowledge, as defended in John MacFarlane’s work. Chapter 8 of KPI distinguishes my view favorably from Delia Graff Fara’s thor- oughgoing interest-relativity about empirical properties, which un- derlies her theory of vagueness. My purpose in this paper is to revisit 1 Jason Stanley delivered the Disputatio Lecture 2015, titled “Skill”, at the 6th National Meeting of the Portuguese Society for Analytic Philosophy in the University of the Azores in Ponta Delgada, on September 10th 2015. -
Knowing How: an Empirical, Functionalist Approach
Syracuse University SURFACE Philosophy - Dissertations College of Arts and Sciences 5-2013 Knowing How: An Empirical, Functionalist Approach David Joseph Bzdak Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/phi_etd Recommended Citation Bzdak, David Joseph, "Knowing How: An Empirical, Functionalist Approach" (2013). Philosophy - Dissertations. 74. https://surface.syr.edu/phi_etd/74 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Only very recently has the subject of knowledge how and its relation to propositional knowledge, or knowledge that, been given much attention by philosophers. In recent debates on the subject, positions tend to divide around the question: is knowledge how (KH) reducible to, or a kind of, knowledge that (KT), or are they fundamentally distinct categories of knowledge? I argue for the latter view, and I base my argument on the claim that KH and KT mental states serve fundamentally different functional roles – specifically, KT is representational, while KH is practical. I develop my positive, Functionalist account of KH in Chapter 6. Earlier chapters deal with background and methodological issues. In Chapter 1, I consider why philosophers, until recently, have tended to ignore the study of KH and have focused almost exclusively on KT. I argue that the omission is due to unexamined, tacit assumptions about the relation between mind and body, and the relation between knowledge and representation. In Chapter 2, I argue for an empirical approach to the debate, and develop a folk theory of KH to use as a starting point for the investigation. -
Russell B. -Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description- PAS Xew $Eries
Russell B. -Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description- PAS Xew $eries. v. Xl l9{O-{{, pp {O8-{28 Reprinted by Gourtesy of the Editor of the Aristotelian $ociety: 19{(D.t9{ | www;aristotel iansociety.org. uk. 108 KNOWI,EDGEBY ACQUAINTANCEAND'BY DESCRIPTION.109 But the associations and natural extensions of tho word acquaittttr,ttceare different from thoso of the wotd prasantulion, To begin with, as in most cognitive words, it is natulnl bo eoy that I am acquainted with an object even at motnents whon it \I.-KNOWLET)GE By ACQUAINTANCE AND KNOW._ is not actually before my mind, provided it has been beforc lrry LEDGE BY DDSCRIPTION. mind, and will be again whenever occasion orises. Thie iB tlro which I am said to know thst 2+2 = 4 ovott 3y Bnnruxn Russpr,r,. sarne sense in when I aur thinking of something else. In the secotttl plrtcrt, Tttu object of the following paper is to consicrerwhat it is thub the worcl acguaintanceis designed to emphasize,lnoro tltutr tlttr we lrnow in cases where we know plopositions aboul; ,, 1;he word 'presentation,the relational character of tlto fnob witlr .what so-and-so" without knowing who or the so_ancl_sois. which we are concerned. There is, to my mind, a dungor that, I'or exarnple, I knolv that the candidate who gets mosb votes in speaking of presentatiorts,we may so emphasize the ob,iecb will be elected, though I do not l<now who is the cand.idate as to lose sight of the subject. The result of this is either to who will get nrost votes. -
Book Reviews
BOOK REVIEWS Creating Faulkner's Reputation: end. Everywhere in the academy nowa- The Politics of Modern Literary days, the concept of disinterested literary Criticism, by Lawrence H. judgment is under assault. The basis of Schwartz. Knox,ville, Tenn.: the assault varies from critic to critic, but University of Tennessee Press, 1988, the two books under review offer a sign of the times. In Creating Faulkner's Reputa- 286 pp., $32.50 hardbound, $14.95 tion: The Politics of Modern Literary Criti- paperback. cism, Lawrence H. Schwartz makes it clear that naked politics account for why we think so highly of a writer like William Faulkner. Recalcitrance, Faulkner, and the And in Recalcitrance, Faulkner, and the Pro- fessors: A Critical Fiction, Austin M. Wright Professors: A Critical Fiction, by transmogrifies all criticism into a species Austin M. W~ght. Iowa City, Iowa: of private, dubiously motivated fiction- University of Iowa Press, 1990, 242 making. pp., $25.00 hardbound, $12.95 In both books, it should be clear, the paperback. intrinsic quality of Faulkner's art is less important than the uses to which that art James W. Tuttleton can be put in making arguments about an entirely different matter- the political, his- torical, and cultural conditions regnant in How is the reputation of a writer made? America during the past half-century. It used to be thought that a writer's stand- Faulkner, it must be said, was critically ing was based on the estimate of many, neglected during the 1920s and 1930s. His many readers of taste and conviction, ex- horrific pictures of alcoholism, incest, mur- perienced men and women whose knowl- der, and madness--in The Sound and the edge of literature was wide and deep and Fury, Sanctuary, and Light in August (to whose standards were formed by the con- name just a few novels)--were often de- tinual comparison and contrast of the style, nounced as bizarrely Gothic, morbid, per- vision, and judgment of writers. -
6.2 Imbalance As Epistemic Injustice
Imbalance and the State of Research Emergent Challenges to Scientific Independence & Objectivity Von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der PHILOSOPHIE Dr. phil. genehmigte Dissertation von David Hopf Erscheinungsjahr 2020 Referent: Prof. Dr. Torsten Wilholt Korreferentin: Prof. Dr. Anke Büter Tag der Promotion: 11.06.2020 Acknowledgments This dissertation owes its existence not just to me, but to a great many people to which I am greatly indebted: First of all, I want to sincerely thank my first supervisor Dr. Torsten Wilholt, especially for our many and regular meetings both in his office and in his home; not only for his support and advice concerning philosophy and career but also for the coffee. A great many thanks also to my second supervisor Dr. Anke Büter, who offered many insightful comments and criticisms on the dissertation. I was lucky to have been made associate member of the DFG research training group GRK 2073; without this opportunity, work and life during this project would have been greatly impoverished in every respect. First, let me thank the many senior members of the group, who commented on my project at the colloquia and other events. I want to give special thanks to Dr. Saana Jukola, Dr. Anna Leuschner, and Dr. Dietmar Hübner, all three of whom gave me additional feedback and advice in individual meetings. But I am also hugely indebted to my fellow PhD students working with me in the GRK offices in Hannover, who—be it during coffee breaks, in talks over lunch or really at any time of the day—have persistently contributed their insights to my work, but also generally made this PhD project a less solitary and thus much more enjoyable affair. -
Book Review Relative Truth, Edited by Manuel García-Carpintero and Max Kölbel
Book Review Relative Truth, edited by Manuel García-Carpintero and Max Kölbel Filippo Ferrari University of Aberdeen Disputatio Vol. 3, No. 28 May 2010 DOI: 10.2478/disp-2010-0008 ISSN: 0873-626X © 2010 Ferrari. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License 334 Book Reviews the works they are readings of, which is to say, performances of; and, by consequence, art works in their own right, apart from the literary works they are readings, performances of. And surely that seems highly coun- terintuitive, if not absurd. Why? (p. 76) The author asserts that these performances are works of art and, to my understanding, he does not entirely reply to the objection. The only plausible solution he gives to this problem involves weakening his thesis and claiming that the silent readings of (say) novels can be performance art works. Finally, the author seems to neglect that the reader, even if he is a performer, is also his own audience. Intuitively, this status as con- sumer, rather than creator, is fundamental to his being a reader. Kivy acknowledges this intuition, but to me at least, it is not entirely clear as to how his account accommodates it. If we are to abandon it in favour of a theory of literary reading with which it clashes, then that theory ought to be highly compelling. Inês Morais [email protected] Relative Truth, edited by Manuel García-Carpintero and Max Kölbel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, 314pp. The book is the result of the international workshop ‗Relativizing Utterance Truth‘, held in Barcelona in September 2005. -
The Logic of Invention
THE LOGIC OF INVENTION THE LOGIC OF INVENTION by Roy Wagner Hau Books Chicago The Logic of Invention by Roy Wagner is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Figures and illustrations: Roy Wagner Editorial office: Michelle Beckett, Justin Dyer, Sheehan Moore, Faun Rice, and Ian Tuttle Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9991570-5-3 LCCN: 2018963544 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is printed, marketed, and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. To DONNA MARIE HAYES, soulmate Table of Contents List of figures and illustrations ix A note from the editor xi Preface and abstract of the argument xiii Acknowledgments xix chapter 1 The reciprocity of perspectives 1 chapter 2 Facts picture us to themselves: Wittgenstein’s propositions 19 chapter 3 Nonlinear causality 59 chapter 4 The ontology of representation 89 Epilogue: Totality viewed in the imagination 113 References 121 List of figures and illustrations Binary involution in the Mayan Long Count 13 Synthesis: Retroactive conception 69 Antisynthesis: Proactive Mythmaking (“Creation”) 73 Telefolip—A “Western” perspective 80 Dimensional co-dependency 91 Third point perspective 92 Triasmus 101 Denmark: Royal incest 108 Bee-mark: Royal outcest 110 Totality viewed in the imagination 119 A note from the editor The Logic of Invention is a posthumous publication. The editing of the manu- script attempted to preserve the text as close as possible to the author’s last available draft and creative impulse. -
Online Media Impact on Politics. Views on Post-Truth Politics and Post-Postmodernism’, International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics, 14:3, Pp
MCP 14 (3) pp. 317–331 Intellect Limited 2018 International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics Volume 14 Number 3 © 2018 Intellect Ltd Article. English language. doi: 10.1386/macp.14.3.317_1 SuSana Salgado Universidade de Lisboa online media impact on politics. Views on post- truth politics and post- postmodernism abStract KeywordS Most of what is considered post-truth politics refers to known features of politics post-truth politics and political propaganda. These are old phenomena boosted by technology, and in postmodernism particular by social media. To examine the background and genesis of post-truth online media politics, this article integrates in the analysis the impact of online media and the social media relativism of postmodernity, in which the truth is always a discursive construction, truth never a discovery. It also examines populism in the light of this approach. The manipulation analysis concludes that all these elements play a definite role in post-truth politics journalism and that the so-called post-truth era is not simply a by-product of populism; populism relativism, the media and the uses of technology also play an important role. IntroductIon Post-truth ‘relates to or denotes circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief’ (Oxford Dictionaries 2016). It includes situations in which fabricated untruths are masqueraded as truth and situations in which some 317 04_MCP_14.3_Salgado_317-332.indd 317 11/28/18 8:07 AM Susana Salgado elements of truth are combined with hefty doses of exaggeration in order to cause stir.