The Logic of Invention
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
On Body and Soul Guilherme Werlang Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil, [email protected]
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America ISSN: 2572-3626 (online) Volume 4 Issue 1 Special Issue in honor of Joanna Overing: In the Article 6 World and About the World: Amerindian Modes of Knowledge May 2006 On Body and Soul Guilherme Werlang Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/tipiti Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Werlang, Guilherme (2006). "On Body and Soul," Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America: Vol. 4: Iss. 1, Article 6. Available at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/tipiti/vol4/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tipití (2006) 4(1&2):103–127 © 2006 SALSA 103 ISSN 1545-4703 Printed in USA On Body and Soul GUILHERME WERLANG Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil) [email protected] Since thought is inseparable from action and motivation, we are not so much dealing with different “logics” or rationalities as with total modes of being, of inventing self and society. —Roy Wagner (1981 [1975]:117) ... the Piaroa do not tend to oppose, in the way we do, thinking and acting. We cannot use our gloss of “mind” and “body” to capture their way of understanding this distinction. They, in fact, have no term for “body.” —Joanna Overing (1996:14) INTRODUCTION This paper discusses the plausibility of notions of “body” and “soul” within the dual universe of the Marubo from Southwestern Amazonia.1 At two levels the discussion implies “an acquaintance with the epistemologies and ontologies of other cultures” (Overing 1985:7). -
Knowledge Organization: an Epistemological Perspective
Knowl. Org. 31(2004)No.1 49 Ch. Zins: Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective Chaim Zins Department of Information ScienceHuman Services, Bar-Ilan University of Haifa Email: [email protected]. Dr. Chaim Zins is an information scientist, at the Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan Uni- versity. He is a former member at the Department of Human Services, University of Haifa. Dr. Zins' current research is focused on knowledge organization, foundations of information science, knowl- edge management, information and referral services, and information retrieval. Zins, Chaim. (2004). Knowledge Organization: An Epistemological Perspective. Knowledge Or- ganization, 31(1). 49-54. 11 refs. ABSTRACT: This philosophical essay explores the epistemological foundations of knowledge organization and discusses im- plications for classification research. The study defines the concept of “knowledge,” distinguishes between subjective knowl- edge (i.e., knowledge as a thought in the individual’s mind) and objective knowledge (i.e., knowledge as an independent ob- ject), establishes the necessity of knowledge organization in the construction of knowledge and its key role in the creation, learning, and dissemination of knowledge, and concludes with implications for the development of classification schemes and knowledge maps. Overview second stage, I will discuss the relationship between subjective knowledge and objective knowledge. (No- Scholars and practitioners in the field of knowledge te that “subjective knowledge” is equivalent here to organization rarely stop to reflect and ponder upon the knowledge of the subject or the individual kno- the philosophical foundations of their field of exper- wer, and “objective knowledge” is equivalent here to tise. -
Art History and Cultural Difference: Alfred Gell's Anthropology Of
Published in: Art History Vol. 28 No. 4 (Autumn 2005) pp. 524-51. Art History and Cultural Difference: Alfred Gell’s Anthropology of Art Matthew Rampley One of the most pressing issues currently confronting the theory and history of art is the question of cultural difference. Specifically, what are the implications of the difference between western and non-Western cultures for the task of visual and artistic analysis? In what ways is it possible to undertake cross-cultural analysis while remaining within the frame of art history – a set of discourses originally formulated to account for the development of Western art? The responses to this question have been varied, ranging from an emphasis on the complete incommensurability of different cultures to ambitious attempts at constructing world art histories. In this article I examine the work of one particular author – the anthropologist Alfred Gell (1945-1997) – and his contribution to discussion on this issue. As I argue, Gell offers some potentially significant ways of rethinking this question, and specifically, his work offers the outline of a possible form of cross-cultural analysis that avoids some of the pitfalls that have beset previous such attempts. I analyse Gell in detail shortly, but before doing so, offer a brief overview of the current state of critical debate on the issue. Questions of Cultural Difference 1 Published in: Art History Vol. 28 No. 4 (Autumn 2005) pp. 524-51. At the root of the topic of cultural difference are a number of inter-related questions. In particular: -
Is Epistemology Tainted?1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL Disputatio Lecturer 2015 Is Epistemology Tainted?1 Jason Stanley Yale University BIBLID [0873-626X (2016) 42; pp. 1-35] Abstract Epistemic relativism comes in many forms, which have been much discussed in the last decade or so in analytic epistemology. My goal is to defend a version of epistemic relativism that sources the relativ- ity in the metaphysics of epistemic properties and relations, most sa- liently knowledge. I contrast it with other relativist theses. I argue that the sort of metaphysical relativism about knowledge I favor does not threaten the objectivity of the epistemological domain. Keywords Knowledge, vagueness, relativism. In Stanley 2005 (henceforth KPI), I defend the view that knowledge is interest-relative. I also there defend the view that all important epistemic properties and relations are interest-relative. I was and am sympathetic to knowledge first epistemology. The interest-relativity of the epistemic domain is inherited from the dependence of all im- portant epistemic properties and relations on knowledge. This is the distinctive version of epistemic relativism I endorse. The view I defend is explicitly relativist. Relativist views are widely considered to be problematic. It is therefore important for me to distinguish it from relativist views that I also reject. Chapter 7 of KPI distinguishes my view favorably from truth-relativism about knowledge, as defended in John MacFarlane’s work. Chapter 8 of KPI distinguishes my view favorably from Delia Graff Fara’s thor- oughgoing interest-relativity about empirical properties, which un- derlies her theory of vagueness. -
Chapter 2: Man in the Measure, Reuben Abel
1 The Basis of Knowledge Chapter 2: Man in the Measure: A Cordial Invitation to the Central Problems of Philosophy, , Reuben Abel pgs. 18 –21 and 24 - 27 “The Basis of Knowledge” IT IS CONVENIENT to pin the "problem of knowledge" on Plato, for he regarded knowledge as a mysterious kind of union between a knower and the known. Contemplation for Plato was a kind of love; and, just as the lover physically grasps his beloved, so does the knower spiritually apprehend the eternal Forms. The metaphor, of course, is older than Plato, for it was Adam who "knew Eve his wife," and the suggestive phrase "carnal knowledge" still recalls that ancient tradition. But if we take the metaphor too literally-if we ask how knowing involves grasping the immaterial-if we assume that Plato's Forms are quietly waiting out there to be seized-then we have allowed a poetic usage to create a philosophic problem. When a man gets to know something (as John Dewey remarks), the process is no more mysterious than when he gets to eat something. Man's curiosity is as natural to him as his hunger. But philosophers have usually been more puzzled by epistemology than by digestion. Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description Of course "knowledge" is not all that simple. We may begin here with Bertrand Russell's distinction between "knowledge by acquaintance" and "knowledge by description" Acquaintance is direct and immediate; it consist of “raw feels.” We are acquainted with a person , or with a place, or with a food. -
Knowing How: an Empirical, Functionalist Approach
Syracuse University SURFACE Philosophy - Dissertations College of Arts and Sciences 5-2013 Knowing How: An Empirical, Functionalist Approach David Joseph Bzdak Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/phi_etd Recommended Citation Bzdak, David Joseph, "Knowing How: An Empirical, Functionalist Approach" (2013). Philosophy - Dissertations. 74. https://surface.syr.edu/phi_etd/74 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Only very recently has the subject of knowledge how and its relation to propositional knowledge, or knowledge that, been given much attention by philosophers. In recent debates on the subject, positions tend to divide around the question: is knowledge how (KH) reducible to, or a kind of, knowledge that (KT), or are they fundamentally distinct categories of knowledge? I argue for the latter view, and I base my argument on the claim that KH and KT mental states serve fundamentally different functional roles – specifically, KT is representational, while KH is practical. I develop my positive, Functionalist account of KH in Chapter 6. Earlier chapters deal with background and methodological issues. In Chapter 1, I consider why philosophers, until recently, have tended to ignore the study of KH and have focused almost exclusively on KT. I argue that the omission is due to unexamined, tacit assumptions about the relation between mind and body, and the relation between knowledge and representation. In Chapter 2, I argue for an empirical approach to the debate, and develop a folk theory of KH to use as a starting point for the investigation. -
Steingo, Gavin. 2016. Kwaito's Promise
Steingo, Gavin. 2016. Kwaito’s Promise: Music and the Aes- thetics of Freedom in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Reviewed by Emily Hansell Clark Gavin Steingo’s Kwaito’s Promise is an ethnographic monograph that “thinks with” kwaito, a black urban South African electronic popular music with roots in a short-lived period of euphoria surrounding the end of apartheid in the mid-1990s. As the hopefulness of that historical moment was quick- ly dispelled by the realities of a post-apartheid existence, kwaito persisted as feel-good dance music with lyrics that evoke context-free fun, such as “Let’s celebrate/It’s time to celebrate!” from the Trompies’ “Celebrate” (4). Critics of the genre have pointed to a dissonance between the aesthetic and lyrical tone of the music and the circumstances of its listeners’ and performers’ precarious lives in segregated and impoverished South African townships to characterize kwaito as “immature, apolitical, disconnected from social issues, and lacking any meaning or purpose” (vii). Steingo de- constructs these descriptors, unpacking longstanding assumptions about what it means for music to be political, to interact with social conditions, and to “have” meaning. Ultimately, he argues that kwaito’s musicians and audiences may well choose to ignore their social conditions through their engagements with the genre, but in doing so they “deliberately . invent another way of perceiving the world,” making kwaito “less a form of es- capism than an aesthetic practice of multiplying sensory reality and thus generating new possibilities in the midst of neoliberalism’s foreclosure of the future” (vii–viii). -
Russell B. -Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description- PAS Xew $Eries
Russell B. -Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description- PAS Xew $eries. v. Xl l9{O-{{, pp {O8-{28 Reprinted by Gourtesy of the Editor of the Aristotelian $ociety: 19{(D.t9{ | www;aristotel iansociety.org. uk. 108 KNOWI,EDGEBY ACQUAINTANCEAND'BY DESCRIPTION.109 But the associations and natural extensions of tho word acquaittttr,ttceare different from thoso of the wotd prasantulion, To begin with, as in most cognitive words, it is natulnl bo eoy that I am acquainted with an object even at motnents whon it \I.-KNOWLET)GE By ACQUAINTANCE AND KNOW._ is not actually before my mind, provided it has been beforc lrry LEDGE BY DDSCRIPTION. mind, and will be again whenever occasion orises. Thie iB tlro which I am said to know thst 2+2 = 4 ovott 3y Bnnruxn Russpr,r,. sarne sense in when I aur thinking of something else. In the secotttl plrtcrt, Tttu object of the following paper is to consicrerwhat it is thub the worcl acguaintanceis designed to emphasize,lnoro tltutr tlttr we lrnow in cases where we know plopositions aboul; ,, 1;he word 'presentation,the relational character of tlto fnob witlr .what so-and-so" without knowing who or the so_ancl_sois. which we are concerned. There is, to my mind, a dungor that, I'or exarnple, I knolv that the candidate who gets mosb votes in speaking of presentatiorts,we may so emphasize the ob,iecb will be elected, though I do not l<now who is the cand.idate as to lose sight of the subject. The result of this is either to who will get nrost votes. -
6.2 Imbalance As Epistemic Injustice
Imbalance and the State of Research Emergent Challenges to Scientific Independence & Objectivity Von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der PHILOSOPHIE Dr. phil. genehmigte Dissertation von David Hopf Erscheinungsjahr 2020 Referent: Prof. Dr. Torsten Wilholt Korreferentin: Prof. Dr. Anke Büter Tag der Promotion: 11.06.2020 Acknowledgments This dissertation owes its existence not just to me, but to a great many people to which I am greatly indebted: First of all, I want to sincerely thank my first supervisor Dr. Torsten Wilholt, especially for our many and regular meetings both in his office and in his home; not only for his support and advice concerning philosophy and career but also for the coffee. A great many thanks also to my second supervisor Dr. Anke Büter, who offered many insightful comments and criticisms on the dissertation. I was lucky to have been made associate member of the DFG research training group GRK 2073; without this opportunity, work and life during this project would have been greatly impoverished in every respect. First, let me thank the many senior members of the group, who commented on my project at the colloquia and other events. I want to give special thanks to Dr. Saana Jukola, Dr. Anna Leuschner, and Dr. Dietmar Hübner, all three of whom gave me additional feedback and advice in individual meetings. But I am also hugely indebted to my fellow PhD students working with me in the GRK offices in Hannover, who—be it during coffee breaks, in talks over lunch or really at any time of the day—have persistently contributed their insights to my work, but also generally made this PhD project a less solitary and thus much more enjoyable affair. -
Russell's Bismarck
Advances in Historical Studies 2013. Vol.2, No.1, 6-10 Published Online March 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2013.21003 Russell’s Bismarck: Acquaintance Theory and Historical Distance Thomas Aiello Department of History, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, USA Email: [email protected] Received December 21st, 2012; revised January 23rd, 2013; accepted February 3rd, 2013 The role of acquaintance in Bertrand Russell’s theory of descriptions is antithetical and, indeed, antago- nistic toward the practice and assumptions of history. In his 1910 paper “Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description,” Russell attempts to reconcile direct acquaintance (or its inability to deter- mine the personal self of others) with a descriptive knowledge that is both logical and personal. Russell tries to reconcile the internal and external worlds, attempting to explain access to impersonal knowledge inside a framework that doesn’t allow acquaintance with physical objects—he distorts the historical space between researcher and subject. In so doing, he argues for the superiority of acquaintance as an arbiter of knowledge, narrowly avoiding solipsism and wrongly devaluing the most basic of historiograhpical as- sumptions. His conception creates false historical goals and distorts the space of historical distance, illus- trated in this paper through the American slavery studies of Herbert Aptheker, Stanley Elkins, and Ken- neth Stampp. Keywords: Bismarck; Russell; Acquaintance; Description; Aptheker; Elkins; Stampp Introduction capsulates its argument2. None can know Bismarck like Bismarck can know Bismarck. In his 1910 paper “Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowl- Descriptions and Acquaintance edge by Description,” Russell attempts to reconcile direct ac- Russell’s reference to Bismarck illustrates his contention that quaintance (or its inability to determine the personal self of proper names are descriptions. -
Power & Theory Essay
Politics & Society: How much do we need Power and how much do we need Theory? The Philosophy Cafe Meet Up, Brisbane, Australia Sunday, 9 August 2020 Dr Neville Buch, MPHA (Qld) Introduction There cannot be a wrong answer except for two responses. The question of how much Power and/or Theory is required, is contextual; depended on the exact question. However, if it was said that only power or only theory was required then a fallacy of some type has been performed in such an argument. The reason is simply one cannot conceptually divide the two applications. To perform theory is to have cognitive power; to have power is to possess some understanding that has been shaped in theory, albeit in considerable misunderstanding on a larger scoping. The teaching essay will examine the broad literature to explore a model of the relationships in Power & Theory. The literature comes from two key disciplines, the Sociology of Knowledge, and the History of Knowledge. The former provides models on what occurs, and the latter describes the application of the model and the contextual practice over time. Both are informed in several sub-disciplines of Philosophy, and particularly, the sub-discipline of Epistemology (including its alleged rejection and substitution in other forms of thought). We start with main theories of power, and then look at power relations in theory by considering the ‘theory of theory’. In conclusion, a diagram will be presented of the model of the relationships in Power & Theory. Main Theories of Power The history of sociology provides an understanding of how the main theories of power came about. -
Presentation Slides
{ Knowledge-centric Approaches { The Impact of Information Science Accompanied Structural Information on Computation of Knowledge Pattern Matching and Processing A Prehistory, Archaeology, Natural Sciences, and Humanities Conceptual Integration Perspective The Tenth International Conference on Advanced Communications and Computation (INFOCOMP 2020) September 27 { October 1, 2020, Lisbon, Portugal Dr. rer. nat. Claus-Peter R¨uckemann1;2;3 1 Westf¨alischeWilhelms-Universit¨atM¨unster(WWU), M¨unster,Germany 2 Unabh¨angigesDeutsches Institut f¨urMulti-disziplin¨areForschung (DIMF), Germany 3 Leibniz Universit¨atHannover, Hannover, Germany ruckema(at)uni-muenster.de uc knowledge mining Collection Interface Factual Conceptual Collection Interface Container Interface Resource Request Knowledge-centric Computational Architecture Container Interface Output Resources Resulting Text Objects Application Knowledge Originary Knowledge-centric Computational Architecture Result Resources Application Knowledge Originary Parallelisation Mining Update Object Resources Resources Resources Knowledge extend Edition Knowledge Resources Interface yes creator 1 Mining Management AVAILABLE? Resources Resources Resources and KRM Collection and user 1 Collection Interface Collection Interface Interface Module Entity Perl Interface Modules Entity extend extend Components delegate and and Collections Sources, ... include no Resource creator 2 Ignore-procedure Select Interface Referenced Resources extend Creation delegate yes Components Collections Sources,