Types of Water

Types of water Types of water Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Types of water Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: pixabay.com. Link to the lesson Before you start you should know how water circulates in nature; states of aggregation that water can be found in; what the source (spring), river (main river, tributary), river basin, basin, lake, sea are. You will learn You will discuss the circulation of water in nature; indicate the main rivers and their tributaries in Poland; indicate rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the North Sea; discuss how rivers are supplied; show the locations in Poland of the greatest risk of floods; provide ways to protect against floods. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu Water that falls to the surface of the Earth in the form of rain or snow evaporates, flows into the nearest river (and further to the sea), and soaks into the soil, feeding groundwaters. From the underground it flows to the surface as a source giving the beginning of a new river, which, in turn, falls into a different, larger one, or into lakes and seas. All waters located on the surface of the Earth evaporate, i.e. they change into water vapour, which cools in the atmosphere and condensates, and falls to the Earth again as precipitation. This is the simplified version of the circulation of water in nature. Task 1 Look at the illustraon showing the water cycle. Explain to your colleague how the rain arises. Circulaon of water in nature Source: Ingwik, Krzysztof Jaworski, Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. The entire water layer surrounding the Earth is called the hydrosphere. As it moves through nature, water changes its location, physical state and speed. Now that we’ve agreed on this, we can generally classify water as water above the ground, on ground surface and under the ground. Task 2 Analyse the diagrams showing the division of hydrosphere in the lesson „Rodzaje wód” at epodreczniki.pl. Based on the knowledge gained so far, try to indicate on the diagram types of inland waters that do not occur in Poland. Flowing surface waters of Poland The two largest rivers of our country are the Vistula River and the Oder River. Almost 90% of Poland's area belongs to their basin – this means that from such a large area water first flows to these two main rivers, and then to the Baltic Sea through tributaries. There are also many small rivers from the area called the coastal area that flow directly into the Baltic Sea. In total, the catchment area of the Baltic Sea includes 99.7% of the area of Poland. The sizes of river basins in Poland are presented in the table and the diagram below. Division of the Polish surface according to rivers basins and catchment Source: licencja: CC BY 3.0. There are very small areas of Poland from where surface waters flow into seas other than the Baltic Sea: from the Carpathians to the Black Sea – the upper course of the Orava River belongs to the Danube basin, and the upper course of the Strwiąż River to the Dniester basin; from the Sudetes to the North Sea – short sections of the Jizera River and the Orlice River flow to the Elbe basin. Task 3 Look at the map showing basins and backwaters in Poland. What rivers do they concern? Name them. Poland basin and catchment Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY 3.0. Exercise 1 Assign the tributaries below to the appropriate river. Bystrzyca, Warta, San, Biebrza, Dunajec, Nysa Kłodzka, Bóbr, Wkra, Skrwa, Wisłoka, Tanew, Bug, Barycz, Drawa, Brda, Pilica, Wieprz, Raba, Nida Vistula Oder Task 4 Look at the map below and try to name the rivers with the numbers. Then check if you were right. Rivers in Poland Source: licencja: CC 0. A characteristic feature of the Vistula basin and the Odra basin is their asymmetry. The ratio of the left‐to‐right basin area is 27:73 for Vistula, and 30:70 for Oder. Both rivers have far more right tributaries than left. The main reason for the afore‐mentioned is the direction of the river network during the Pleistocene glaciation period in accordance with the general slope of Poland, i.e. from the south‐west to the north‐west. ur rivers have a snow‐rain river regime, which is distinguished by high water levels in spring and in summer. Ice blockage on the Osława River - the le tributary of the San River Source: PLKristof, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0, [online], dostępny w internecie: (hp://commons.wikimedia.org) licencja: CC BY SA 3.0 hps://creavecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/pl/legalcode. High water levels are observed in spring due to snowmelt, particularly in mountainous areas. This causes so much water to enter the water cycle that some rivers overflow. High water levels are additionally caused by ice jams which hamper water outflow to the Baltic Sea. Moreover, Poland still lacks sufficient safeguards: rivers are unregulated, flood embankments are not high enough and the number of retention reservoirs is insufficient. In summer, high water levels in rivers are observed in late June and in July. These result from frequent and heavy seasonal rainfall, especially in the mountains. Lowest water levels in Polish rivers are witnessed in the late summer, early autumn (low precipitation) and winter, when large water amounts are stored as snow and ice. Seaside rivers sometimes experience so‐called storm surges. Storm surges occur when persisting northern winds push Baltic Sea waters into river mouths, raising river water levels and blocking river outflow. Task 5 Look at the map below. In which months the flood risk is the greatest? Poland - floods Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY 3.0. The longest and the largest river – Vistula – has 1047 km of length, 173 thousand km 2 of the river basin area (within Poland) and 1080 m 3/s of average flow at the estuary. Its sources are located on the slopes of Barania Góra (Silesian Beskids). At its beginning, it is a mountain stream, but already from the Oświęcimska Basin it becomes a lowland river. In the vicinity of Elbląg and Gdańsk, the Vistula River builds a delta, separating into several branches, such as Nogat, Szkarpawa or Leniwka. However, it flows into the Baltic Sea through an artificial pier near Świbno, which was opened in 1895. The sources of Oder – the second longest river in Poland – are located in the Oder Mountains (Oderské vrchy in Moravia, the Czech Republic) at an altitude of 634 m above sea level. The total length of the Oder River is 854 km, of which the section of 742 km is located in Poland. Starting from Kędzierzyn‐Koźle, the Oder River is canalised and to its estuary in the Szczecin Lagoon it is a communication route, but of lesser importance. Waterfalls are rare elements of the landscape in Poland. They are practically only in the mountains, and there are not too many mountains in Poland. The highest Polish waterfall is Wielka Siklawa, 64 meters high. It is located in the Tatras on the Roztoka stream, in the vicinity of the Five Ponds Valley. Lower, in the Roztoki Valley there are: Wodogrzmoty Mickiewicza – a group of 3 picturesque waterfalls (Wyżni, Pośredni and Niżni). Wodospad Rzeka Góry Wysokość (m) Wielka Siklawa Roztoka Tatry 64 Wodogrzmoty Mickiewicza Roztoka Tatry 3x10 Kamieńczyk Kamieńczyk Karkonosze 27 Siklawica Potok Strążyski Tatry 21 Wilczki Wilczka Masyw Śnieżnika 20 Szklarki Szklarka Karkonosze 13 Knowledge gained during classes will allow you to answer the following questions. Exercise 2 Source: licencja: CC 0. Exercise 3 Keywords river, waterfall, water cycle Glossary hydrosphere Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: hydrosphere hydrosfera – cała wodna powłoka Ziemi obejmująca wodę w stanie stałym, ciekłym i gazowym flow Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: flow przepływ – objętość wody przepływającej przez określony przekrój rzeki w jednostce czasu retenon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: retention retencja – czasowe zatrzymanie, zgromadzenie się wody, np. w glebie, na torfowiskach river regime Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: river regime reżim rzeki (ustrój) – roczny rytm zmian stanów wody w rzece związany z zasilaniem, przepływem i zlodzeniem transpiraon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: transpiration transpiracja – wydzielanie wody z powierzchni roślin (liści, łodyg) w postaci pary wodnej i przenikanie jej do atmosfery Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Rodzaje wód. Wody płynące powierzchniowe Autor: Magdalena Jankun Adresat Uczeń klasy VII ośmioletniej szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa Klasa VII szkoły podstawowej IX. Środowisko przyrodnicze Polski na tle Europy: położenie geograficzne Polski; wpływ ruchów górotwórczych i zlodowaceń na rzeźbę Europy i Polski; przejściowość klimatu Polski; główne rzeki Polski i ich systemy na tle rzek Europy i ich systemów; główne typy gleb w Polsce; lasy w Polsce; dziedzictwo przyrodnicze Polski, surowce mineralne Polski. Uczeń: 9. opisuje cechy i walory przyrodnicze Wisły i Odry oraz charakteryzuje systemy rzeczne obu tych rzek i porównuje je z wybranymi systemami rzecznymi w Europie Cel lekcji Uczniowie poznają rodzaje wód płynących i wskażesz miejsca największych zagrożeń powodziowych. Kryteria sukcesu omówisz krążenie wody w przyrodzie; wskażesz rzeki główne i ich dopływy na obszarze Polski; wskażesz rzeki uchodzące do zlewiska Morza Bałtyckiego, Czarnego, Północnego; omówisz sposób zasilania rzek; wskażesz miejsca w Polsce najbardziej zagrożone powodziami; podasz sposoby zabezpieczania przed powodziami. Kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w języku ojczystym; porozumiewanie się w języku obcym; umiejętność uczenia się; kompetencje informatyczne. Metody/formy pracy z wykorzystaniem narzędzi TIK; z wykorzystaniem portalu http://mapy.geoportal.gov.pl/imap; praca z materiałami edukacyjnymi oraz multimedialnymi na platformie e‐podręcznika; praca indywidualna, w parach, w grupach i całego zespołu klasowego.

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