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Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America by Catherine A
20 Copyright 2009 The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America BY CATHERINE A. BREKUS In the Second Great Awakening more than one hundred women crisscrossed the country as itinerant preachers, holding meetings in barns, schools, or outside in fields. They were the first group of women to speak publicly in America. Why have virtually all of them been forgotten? ome argued that she was “bold and shameless,” a disgrace to her fami- ly and to the evangelical movement. Others insisted that she was the S“instrument of God,” a humble woman who had given up everything for Christ. Few women in early nineteenth-century America provoked more admi- ration, criticism, and controversy than Harriet Livermore. She was the daughter of a congressman and the grand-daughter of a senator, but after an emotional conversion experience, she renounced her privileged life in order to become a female preacher. Reputed to be a gifted evangelist who was also a beautiful singer, she became so popular that she was allowed to preach in front of Congress four times between 1827 and 1844, each time to huge crowds. According to a Washington newspaper, more than a thousand people assembled in the Hall of Representatives to hear her preach in 1827, and hundreds more gathered outside to catch a glimpse of her. President John Quincy Adams had to sit on the steps leading up to her feet because he could not find a free chair. Harriet Livermore was the best-known female preacher of her day, but she was part of a larger community of evangelical women, both white and African-American, who claimed to have been divinely inspired to preach Female Preaching in Early Nineteenth-Century America 21 the gospel. -
Toward a Confessional Theology Within the Churches of Christ
Please HONOR the copyright of these documents by not retransmitting or making any additional copies in any form (Except for private personal use). We appreciate your respectful cooperation. ___________________________ Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) P.O. Box 30183 Portland, Oregon 97294 USA Website: www.tren.com E-mail: [email protected] Phone# 1-800-334-8736 ___________________________ ATTENTION CATALOGING LIBRARIANS TREN ID# Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) MARC Record # Digital Object Identification DOI # Ministry Focus Paper Approval Sheet This ministry focus paper entitled WE CAN BEAR IT NO LONGER: TOWARD A CONFESSIONAL THEOLOGY WITHIN THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST Written by PAUL A. SMITH and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry has been accepted by the Faculty of Fuller Theological Seminary upon the recommendation of the undersigned readers: _____________________________________ John W. Drane _____________________________________ Kurt Fredrickson Date Received: March 15, 2015 WE CAN BEAR IT NO LONGER: TOWARD A CONFESSIONAL THEOLOGY WITHIN THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY FULLER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY PAUL A. SMITH MARCH 2015 ABSTRACT We Can Bear It No Longer: Toward a Confessional Theology within the Churches of Christ Paul A. Smith Doctor of Ministry School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary 2014 The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the need for members of the Churches of Christ to restore confession in both private and communal worship practices. The major premise is that the men who inspired the movement that gave birth to the modern Churches of Christ either ignored or misunderstood the secular philosophies that influenced their work. -
What Is a Church of Christ? Silenced
An international newspaper Our mission: To inform, for Churches of Christ inspire and unite Vol. 75, No. 3 | March 2018 www.christianchronicle.org IMAGE VIA PIXABAY, LETTERING BY LYNDA SHEEHAN Sexual abuse victims ‘fed up’ with silence SOCIAL MEDIA advocacy empowers survivors, molester’s son says. GRAPHIC BY CHELLIE ISON VIA WordcloUDS.com BY BOBBY ROSS JR. | THE CHRISTIAN CHRONICLE or far too long, victims have been What is a Church of Christ? silenced. Finally, they have an outlet to spot- AS NUMBERS DECLINE in the U.S., Christians ponder a fellowship’s identity light their painful ordeals. FThat’s how Jimmy Hinton character- BY ERIK TRYGGESTAD | THE CHRISTIAN CHRONICLE leadership, baptism by immersion single cup and an undivided loaf. izes the social media movements — first and a cappella worship. In recent years, other Churches #MeToo and now #ChurchToo — where t should be love.” But in 2018, a clear definition of Christ have added instrumental sexual abuse survivors are recounting That was Jeff Cash’s of those who strive to be simply worship services, ministered their real-life nightmares. answer to the question, Christian is anything but simple. alongside denominational groups “Quite simply, millions “What would you say Survey respon- and changed their name, though of abuse survivors are ‘Idefines a Church of Christ?” dents noted a they still identify with the fellow- fed up with the church Cash, an American missionary widening variety ship of autonomous congregations. protecting abusers while serving in Fort Portal, Uganda, of practices taking The word “autonomy” itself shaming the victims,” was one of more than 640 respon- place in buildings eludes definition, survey respon- said Hinton, minister for dents to a Christian Chronicle that bear the name dents said. -
Enter Your Title Here in All Capital Letters
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by K-State Research Exchange THE BATTLE CRY OF PEACE: THE LEADERSHIP OF THE DISCIPLES OF CHRIST MOVEMENT DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865 by DARIN A.TUCK B. A., Washburn University, 2007 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2010 Approved by: Major Professor Robert D. Linder Copyright DARIN A. TUCK 2010 Abstract As the United States descended into war in 1861, the religious leaders of the nation were among the foremost advocates and recruiters for both the Confederate and Union forces. They exercised enormous influence over the laity, and used their sermons and periodicals to justify, promote, and condone the brutal fratricide. Although many historians have focused on the promoters of war, they have almost completely ignored the Disciples of Christ, a loosely organized religious movement based on anti-sectarianism and primitive Christianity, who used their pulpits and periodicals as a platform for peace. This study attempts to merge the remarkable story of the Disciples peace message into a narrative of the Civil War. Their plea for nonviolence was not an isolated event, but a component of a committed, biblically-based response to the outbreak of war from many of the most prominent leaders of the movement. Immersed in the patriotic calls for war, their stance was extremely unpopular and even viewed as traitorous in their communities and congregations. This study adds to the current Disciples historiography, which states that the issue of slavery and the Civil War divided the movement North and South, by arguing that the peace message professed by its major leaders divided the movement also within the sections. -
The Herald of Christ's Kingdom
The Herald This Journal and Its Mission of Christ’s Kingdom Char tered in 1918, the Pas to ral Bi ble Insti tute, Inc. was formed for the promo tion This journal brings you 192 of Christian knowledge. Its jour nal, The Herald of Christ’s Kingdom, stands pages of spir itual reading mate - firmly for the de fense of the only true foun da tion of the Chris tian’s hope now be ing rial each year on a va ri ety of so gener ally re pu di ated—re demp tion through the pre cious blood (1 Peter 1:19) of biblical sub jects. Each is sue also “the man Christ Je sus, who gave himself a ran som [a corre spond ing price, a substi - lists many Bible convent ions and tute] for all” (1 Tim o thy 2:6). Build ing upon this sure foun da tion the gold, sil ver, con fer ences where you will find and pre cious stones of the Word of God (1 Corin thi ans 3:11-15; 2 Pe ter 1:5-11), Chris tian fel low ship. In cluded in its fur ther mis sion is “to make all see what is the fel lowship of the mys tery, which ev ery is sue is News & Views, … has been hid in God … to the in tent that now … might be [made] known by four pages of current events, the church the man i fold wis dom of God”—“which in other ages was not made letters to the ed itor, and infor- known unto the sons of men, as it is now re vealed” (Ephe sians 3:5-10). -
CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Its Origin, Mission, and Destiny
CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Its Origin, Mission, and Destiny, - AND THE - Christian's Relation To It. BY D. LIPSCOMB. NASHVILLE, TENN.: McQUIDDY PRINTING CO., 1913. Contents: Preface Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 iii Preface The writer of the following pages was early in life impressed with the idea that God as the Creator, and preserver of the world, was its only rightful law-maker and ruler. And that all the evil that afflicted humanity and the world, had arisen from a failure on the part of man to whom the rule of the earth had been committed by God, to maintain in its purity and sovereignty the authority and dominion of God as the only rule of this world. From the Bible he learned man had sinned against God, that an element of discord and confusion had hence entered into the world, and the world was out of harmonious relations with God and the universe. This being true, it early occurred to his mind, that the one sure and sovereign remedy for these evils, was the absolute submission to God on the part of man, and a restoration of his authority and rule in all the domains of the world. In the study of the Bible, he saw the one purpose of God, as set forth in that book, was to bring man back under his own rule and government so to re-establish his authority and rule on earth, that God's will "shall be done on earth as it is in Heaven." To this end, man's duty is to learn the will of God, and trustingly do that will, leaving results and events with God. -
Simply-Christians.Pdf
Simply Christians David L. Eubanks Why Bother with the Brotherhood? Mike Shannon Are You a Christian? Gene Appel Just Christians, Just Enough Mark Taylor The Restoration Movement in the 21st Century Robin Underhill Keeping the Dream Alive David Faust HAT by David L. DO Eubanks W you believe? From one per- spective the principle, “no creed but Christ, no Restoration book but the Bible,” and Unity should be an adequate Of course, the early answer to that question pioneers did not and a sufficient guide to know all the direc- sound doctrine. Be- tions that the path cause of much confu- they had chosen sion in today’s religious would lead them world, however, the when they began. It question deserves a led to the successful more detailed explana- promotion of the tion for those who hon- name “Christian” to estly want to know. the exclusion of sec- tarian names by Rice Early History Haggard among the of the Republican Method- Restoration ists in North Carolina Movement and Virginia in 1794 With roots in the Brit- and the Presbyterians ish Isles, the Restora- of the Springfield tion Movement sprang Presbytery in Ken- to life in the United tucky in 1804. States about the turn of It led to the disso- the nineteenth century. lution of the Spring- The leading pioneer fig- field Presbytery and ures were such men as “union with the body Elias Smith and Abner of Christ at large” by Jones in New England, Barton W. Stone and James O’Kelly in others at Cane Ridge North Carolina and on June 28, 1804. -
A Study of Ordination in the Baptist Context
CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Jonathan Anthony Malone Dayton, Ohio May, 2011 CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT APPROVED BY: _____________________________ Dennis M. Doyle, Ph.D. Committee Chair _____________________________ Brad J. Kallenberg, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ William V. Trollinger, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT CHANGED, SET APART, AND EQUAL: A STUDY OF ORDINATION IN THE BAPTIST CONTEXT Name: Malone, Jonathan Anthony University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Dennis Doyle The American Baptist denomination is often characterized as an ecclesiological grass-roots organization. The theology of such a denomination is practiced organically by the people and is seldom articulated by the academy. Thus one cannot find a well articulated theological understanding of what ordination means for the individual and the community in the Baptist context. A synthesis of Geertz’s thick description, Lindbeck’s approach to doctrine, and McClendon’s understandings of speech-acts and conviction will offer a methodology through which one can articulate a theology of ordination. In doing so, we will find that the “call” and a relationship with a congregation are essential for ordination to occur. Such a theology will suggest that one is changed through ordination, and this change is relational in nature. The Catholic concept of Sacramental Consciousness offers a way to articulate the community’s awareness of the pastor’s relational change while at the same time maintaining the egalitarian nature of a Baptist community. -
History of the Church: Lesson 5 the Restoration Movement
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH: LESSON 5 THE RESTORATION MOVEMENT INTRODUCTION: The reformers sought to REFORM the apostate church, but those active in the Restoration movement were desirous of RESTORING the true church of the first century (cf. Jer.6:16). I. RESTORATION LEADERS: A. James O'Kelly (1757-1826) 1. Methodist preacher who labored in Virginia and North Carolina. 2. Favored congregational government, and the New Testament as the only rule of faith and practice. a) Wanted Methodist preachers to have the right to appeal to the conference if they didn't like their appointment. 3. James O'Kelly, Rice Haggard and three other men withdrew from the conference in 1792. They formed the "Republican Methodist Church" in 1793. 4. In 1794, at a meeting conducted at the Lebanon Church in Surrey County, Virginia, they adopted the name, "Christian" and devised a plan of church government. 5. Agreed to recognize the scriptures as sufficient rule of faith and practice. The formulated the "Five Cardinal Principles of the Christian Church." a) Christ as head of the church. b) The name "Christian" to the exclusion of all others. c) Bible as the only creed - - rule of faith and practice. d) Character, piety, the only test of church fellowship and membership. e) The right of private judgment and liberty of conscience. B. Elias Smith (1769-1846) and Abner Jones (1772-1841) 1. Both Baptists. 2. Agreed with O'Kelly on his major points 3. In 1808, Smith and Jones established churches in New England. 4. Organized an independent "Christian Church" at Lyndon, Vermont in 1801. -
The Origins of Millerite Separatism
The Origins of Millerite Separatism By Andrew Taylor (BA in History, Aurora University and MA in History, University of Rhode Island) CHAPTER 1 HISTORIANS AND MILLERITE SEPARATISM ===================================== Early in 1841, Truman Hendryx moved to Bradford, Pennsylvania, where he quickly grew alienated from his local church. Upon settling down in his new home, Hendryx attended several services in his new community’s Baptist church. After only a handful of visits, though, he became convinced that the church did not believe in what he referred to as “Bible religion.” Its “impiety” led him to lament, “I sometimes almost feel to use the language [of] the Prophecy ‘Lord, they have killed thy prophets and digged [sic] down thine [sic] altars and I only am left alone and they seek my life.”’1 His opposition to the church left him isolated in his community, but his fear of “degeneracy in the churches and ministers” was greater than his loneliness. Self-righteously believing that his beliefs were the “Bible truth,” he resolved to remain apart from the Baptist church rather than attend and be corrupted by its “sinful” influence.2 The “sinful” church from which Hendryx separated himself was characteristic of mainstream antebellum evangelicalism. The tumultuous first decades of the nineteenth century had transformed the theological and institutional foundations of mainstream American Protestantism. During the colonial era, American Protestantism had been dominated by the Congregational, Presbyterian, and Anglican churches, which, for the most part, had remained committed to the theology of John Calvin. In Calvinism, God was envisioned as all-powerful, having predetermined both the course of history and the eternal destiny of all humans. -
~Tate of {[Enne~~Ee
~tate of {[enne~~ee HOUSE RESOLUTION NO. 55 By Madam Speaker Harwell, Representatives DeBerry, Dunlap, Mark White, Butt A RESOLUTION recognizing the Gospel Advocate on the celebration of its 160th anniversary. WHEREAS, the members of this legislative body are honored to recognize those storied organizations and institutions that are celebrating momentous, notable occasions in their histories; and WHEREAS, the Gospel Advocate, a religious magazine published monthly in Nashville for members of the Churches of Christ, is one such institution, which is, this year, celebrating the 160th anniversary of its founding; and WHEREAS, the Gospel Advocate has been conservative and Bible-based throughout its history, and it has remained committed to "the interests of the church of Jesus Christ, and especially, to the maintenance of the doctrine of salvation through the 'Gospel of the Grace of God"'; and WHEREAS, the Gospel Advocate also publishes Sunday school materials and operates Christian bookstores in Nashville and Mesquite, Texas; and WHEREAS, founded in Nashville by Restoration Movement preacher Tolbert Fanning in July of 1855, the Gospel Advocate has served as a beacon of Christian faith and education for the past 160 years; and WHEREAS, at the founding of the publication, Mr. Fanning was assisted in his efforts by his student, William Lipscomb, who served as co-editor until they were forced to suspend publication due to the outbreak of war in 1861; and WHEREAS, publication resumed following the end of the Civil War, and since 1866, the Gospel Advocate has been published without interruption. Upon its resurrection in 1866, the publication was again led by editors Tolbert Fanning and William Lipscomb, who were joined in this endeavor by Mr. -
Knight, George R., Comp. and Ed. 1844 and the Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk BOOK REVIEWS 283 Provided by Andrews University of Millerism (266). Two of these groups-the Advent Christians and Seventh-day Adventists-are the focus of chapters 13 and 14. Millennia1 Fever could have been improved in three ways. First, a comprehensive text deserves more than eight pages of photographs to cover the movement adequately. Second, the book lacks a bibliography to organize the 33 pages of endnotes. Finally, the ties between Millerism and Shakerism (257- 263) are more amply explored than is the bridge between Millerism and spiritualism (245-247, 284), opening perhaps another door for future research. Nonetheless, this is still the best extant survey of Millerism. Andrews University BRIANE. STRAYER Knight, George R., comp. and ed. 1844 and the Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Pub., 1994. 190 pp. $14.95. George Knight's 1844 and the Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism is not a narrative history, but rather an anthology of primary source materials of Millerite Adventism and early Sabbatarian Adventism. From thousands of source documents preserved in four major archives-the Jencks Memorial Collection of Adventual Materials at Aurora University, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Adventist Heritage Center at Andrews University, and the Ellen G. White Estate in Silver Spring, Maryland-Knight has selected 33 exhibits of which the "majority have never been republished in any form" since their origination (8). They range in length from short personal letters to a 48- page article on "The Rise and Progress of Adventism" from the Advent Shield and Review of May 1844.