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Origin and History of Seventh-Day Adventists, Vol. 1 Origin and History of Seventh-day Adventists FRONTISPIECE PAINTING BY HARRY ANDERSON © 1949, BY REVIEW AND HERALD As the disciples watched their Master slowly disappear into heaven, they were solemnly reminded of His promise to come again, and of His commission to herald this good news to all the world. Origin and History of Seventh-day Adventists VOLUME ONE by Arthur Whitefield Spalding REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, D.C. COPYRIGHT © 1961 BY THE REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, D.C. OFFSET IN THE U.S.A. AUTHOR'S FOREWORD TO FIRST EDITION THIS history, frankly, is written for "believers." The reader is assumed to have not only an interest but a communion. A writer on the history of any cause or group should have suffi- cient objectivity to relate his subject to its environment with- out distortion; but if he is to give life to it, he must be a con- frere. The general public, standing afar off, may desire more detachment in its author; but if it gets this, it gets it at the expense of vision, warmth, and life. There can be, indeed, no absolute objectivity in an expository historian. The painter and interpreter of any great movement must be in sympathy with the spirit and aim of that movement; it must be his cause. What he loses in equipoise he gains in momentum, and bal- ance is more a matter of drive than of teetering. This history of Seventh-day Adventists is written by one who is an Adventist, who believes in the message and mission of Adventists, and who would have everyone to be an Advent- ist. To the degree that he has been successful in portraying the inward fire and the environmental fuel of this movement, he serves the interests and ambitions of his people, and, please God, the purposes of heaven. The merely curious may discover in the furnace the outlines of that historical design which will not be injured by the fervency of the narration. The special purpose of this work is to acquaint the mature youth and the adults of the Seventh-day Adventist Church with the beginnings and the progress of the cause to which they are committed by birth or choice. As the pioneers of this move- ment, known to us of the middle generation, have one by one died, the living sources of knowledge have passed away. Their presence among us, the reminiscent minds of some of them, the fervor of their spirits at which we warmed our souls, pro- vided inspiration for which the cold chronicles of the day are 5 6 Author's Foreword a poor substitute; and such of their fire as may be preserved in an account of their adventures and their ponderings is a necessity. It is not, indeed, in the annals of our fathers that we shall find the source of power that animates and must animate the soldiers of Christ's last legion: that source is the Holy Spirit, through whom the Father and the Son pour forth the abundance of their vision and energy and grace. The Word of God is the storehouse of the heavenly treasure, and in its prayerful and careful study lies the secret of translation from the kingdom of darkness to the kingdom of light. But the history of our spiritual forebears is not negligible; for not only are we given the riches of their discoveries, but we are heart- ened and incited to heavenly emulation by the accounts of their sufferings and deeds. A comprehensive history of this people which would include every act and every worthy name, would make a work beyond the bounds of judgment or reading interest. It is rather in significant episodes of that history that the spirit and meaning of the movement may be caught, and that is the plan of this book. The student devoted to the search may find in other extant works many incidents illustrating further the faith and devotion of the pioneers; and he may know or he may learn of more than one noble servant of God whose service has no mention here. It would be impossible, especially in the last decades of this movement, worldwide as it has become, to inscribe the name and the deeds of every heroic warrior for Christ. The effort is made to set forth the spirit and the power of the movement rather than to call the roster of the saints. Out of the fragmentary but vivid accounts with which the pioneers in their haste blazed the trail, I offer these volumes to the youth and their elders of this church, and to whatever public is interested in the field, as a partial but true account of the Seventh-day Adventist denomination. ARTHUR W. SPALDING. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our of the scores of helpers who have supplied information, suggested sources, given encouragement and constructive criti- cism, and assisted in various other ways in the preparation of this history, to select a few for special mention would seem almost invidious. Yet to neglect all would suggest an assumption of competence which is far from the truth. To the several writers on Adventist history who have gone before, particularly M. E. Olsen, Matilda Erickson Andross, and Emma E. Howell, I declare my sincere appreciation for leads and intelligence. Although I have gone as far as possible to original sources (which several of their books are), their writing has often pointed out these sources and provided view- points for comparison and discussion, and their unity of pur- pose has been an inspiration. Of the friends most responsible for the inception and com- pletion of this project, my thanks are due, first, to Walter P. Elliott, former manager of the Review and Herald Publishing Association, now secretary of the General Conference Publish- ing Department, who initiated and made possible the, begin- ning of the work; to Harvey A. Morrison, present manager of of the Review and Herald, who has given every aid and en- couragement to it; to Lora E. Clement, editor of the Youth's Instructor, who first made the suggestion which eventuated in the enterprise; to Francis D. Nichol, editor of the Review and Herald, and author, whose keen but sympathetic criticism has been a main force; to John D. Snider, manager of the Review and Herald book department; to Edith McClellan, librarian of the Review and Herald, and Mary Moore, librarian of the Southern Publishing Association, where much of my research centered; to LeRoy E. Froom, secretary of the Minis- terial Association of the General Conference; to Arthur L. White and D. E. Robinson, of White Publications; to Merwin R. Thurber and H. M. Tippett, book editors, whose steering 7 8 Acknowledgments of the book through the rugged channels of criticism has been admirable; and to T. K. Martin and his associates of the art department, for their zeal and skill in illustration. And I bow my knees in thankfulness to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, whose giving and sustaining of life to the humblest of His creatures is the source and power of all the enterprises of men. A. w. s. [1949] EDITOR'S NOTE: The reader will find it profitable to study the illuminating notes in the Appendix to this volume, for much factual information and many items of human interest are contained there that were not found vital to the main narrative. Footnote references to these addenda at the end of chapters make these notes easy of access whenever they are pertinent to the better understanding of particular points in the text. CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. The People of the Advent 11 ,j2. Sabbath Apostle and Pioneer 25 3. James White, Intrepid Leader 43 4. The Lord's Chosen Messenger 57 5. At God's Appointed Time 79 6. The Disappointment Explained 97 7. Banners of Truth 115 8. Light Through the Darkness 131 9. The "Shut Door" Controversy 153 10. Three Angels' Messages 171 11. Early Publishing Ventures 187 12. Mighty Men of the Movement 207 13. Foundations of Faith 233 14. Expansion North and West 247 15. Centering in Battle Creek 265 16. A Providential Journey 279 17. Organizing the Church 291 18. The Bitter War Years 312 19. Launching a Health Program 335 20. Medical Ministry 352 21. Wearing Apparel and Moral Issues 378 9 CHAPTER 1 THE PEOPLE OF THE ADVENT UT through the gates of Jerusalem He led them, across the Kedron, up the green slopes of Olivet—Jesus, the O Master, risen from the dead, immortal and triumphant, and His eleven disciples, transported with joy at His resurrec- tion and filled with hope. They stood around Him on the brow of the mountain, in eager expectation. "The kingdom, Lord! the kingdom! Wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?" But He said to them, "It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power. But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth." And He lifted up His hands and blessed them. "And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven," "and a cloud received him out of their sight." Parted! Parted! Their Lord was gone away, and where now was the kingdom? where, their hope? Steadfastly they gazed toward heaven until the cloud faded in the distance.
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