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(ed.), The Independent Progressive School, London, 1962. Cook, E. T., and Wedderburn, A., The Works of John Ruskin, London, 1905. Cremin, L.A., Transformation of the School, New York, 1961. Cresswell, D., Margaret McMillan: a Memoir, London, 1948. Culverwell, E. P., Montessori Principles and Practice, London, 1913. Curry, W. B., The School, London, 1934. Education for Sanity, London, 1947· Demolins, E., Anglo-Saxon Superiority: to what is it due?, London, 1898. L' Education nouvelle, Librairie de Paris, 1901. Dewey, Evelyn, The Dalton Laboratory Plan, London, 1924. Dewey, J., The School and Society, New York, 1899· My Pedagogic Creed, New York, 1897. The Child and the Curriculum, New York, 1902. Moral Principles in Education, New York, 1909. How We Think, New York, 1910. j6J The Educational Innovators Dewey,]., Interest and Effort in Education, New York, 1913. Democracy and Education, New York, 1916. Edmunds, L. F., Rudolf Steiner Education, London, 1962. Elmhirst, L., Rabindranath Tagore, Pioneer in Education, London, 1961. Farrar, F. W. (ed.), Esstgs on a Liberal Education, London, 1867. Fichte, J. G., Wissenschaftslehre, I795· Finney, R. L., A Sociological Philosopl!J of Education, New York, 1928. Flexner, A., A Modern College and a Modern School, New York, 1923. Freud, S., The Interpretation of Dreams, London, I9oo. The P.rycho-Pathology of Everydtg Life, London, I904. Three Esstgs on the Theory of Sexuality, London, 1905. Totem and Taboo, London, I9I2. Introductory Lectures on P .rycho-Analysis, London, I 9 I5- I 91 7. George, W. R., Citizens Made and Remade, New York, 19I3. The Junior Republic, its History and Ideals, New York, 1910. Graham, Patricia A., Progressive Education: From Arcatfy to Academe, New York, 1967. Graves, R., Good-bye to All That, London, 1929. Greene, G. (ed.), The Old School, London, I934· Hart, B., P.rychology of Insanity, Cambridge, 1912. Harwood, A. C. (ed.), The Faithful Thinker, London, I961. Heckstall-Smith, H. Doubtful Schoolmaster, London, 1962. Henderson, J. L., Look Out, I965. Holmes, E., What Is and What Might Be, London, I9I I. In Quest of an Ideal, R. Cobden-Sanderson, 1920. Holmes, G., The Idiot Teacher, London, 1952· Hyndman, H. M., Historical Bases of Socialism, I883. Commercial Crises of the Nineteenth Century, I 892. Economics of Socialism, I896. Isaacs, Susan, Intellectual Growth in Young Children, London, 1930. Social Development in Young Children, London, I933· Itard, J. E. M. G., An Historical Account of the Discovery and Education of a Savage Man, trans. I802. Jones, E., The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, 3 vols., London, 195 3, I95 5. 1957· Judges, A. V. (ed.), The Function of Teaching, London, I959· Jusmani, A. A., 'The Attitude to the Child in Progressive Educational Theory and Practice in England since I89o'; unpublished M.Ed. thesis, University of Leicester, 1961. Kalton, G., The Public Schools, London, I966. Kant, I., Critique of Pure Reason. Laborde, E. D. (ed.), Education ofTo-dtg, Cambridge, 1935. Lambert, R., The State and Boarding Education, London, I966. Bibliography Lampe, D., Pyke the Unknown Genius, London, I959· Loukes, H., Friends and their Children, London, I95 8. Lowndes, G. A. N., The Silent Social Revolution, Oxford, I937· (ed.), Margaret McMillan, Nursery Schools Association, London, I96o. Lynch, A. J., Individual Work and the Dalton Plan, London, I924. McCallister, W. J., The Growth of Freedom in Education, London, I931· Mack, E. C., Public Schools and British Opinion since z86o, New York, I94I. McMillan, M., Ear!J Childhood, I9oo. Education through the Imagination, I 904. Labour and Childhood, I907. MacMunn, N., A Path to Freedom in the School, London, I9I4. Differential Partnership Method of French Conversation, London (n.d.). The MacMunn Differentia/ism: A New Method of Class Self-Teaching, London (n.d.). The Child's Path to Freedom, I926. Mallinson, V. (ed.), Adolescent at School, London, I949· Mannheim, K., Ideology and Utopia, London, I926. Man and Sociery, London, I940. and Stewart, W. A. C., An Introduction to the Sociology of Education, London, 1962. Mayhew, K. C., and Edwards, A. C., The Dewry School, New York, I936. Montessori, Maria, The Discovery of the Child, 3rd ed., Adyar, Madras. The Secret of Childhood, Calcutta, I936. Neill, A. S., Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Education, London, I962. A Dominie's Log (n.d.). A Dominie Dismissed (n.d.). A Dominie in Doubt, London, I92o. A Dominie Abroad (n.d.). Hearts and not Heads in the School, London, I 94 5. Talking of Summerhill, London, I967. Nunn, T. P., Education: Its Data and First Principles, London, I92o. Parkhurst, H., Education on the Dalton Plan, London, I923. Parkin) G. R., Edward Thring, London, I9oo. Pedley, R., The Comprehensive School, London, I963. Plato, The Republic, book iv. The Public and Preparatory Schools Yearbook, London, I937· Reddie, C., Abbotsholme, London, I9oo. John Bull: His Origin and Character, London, I90I. Richardson, Elizabeth, The Environment of Learning, London, I967. Roe, Anne, The Psychology of Occupations, New York, 1956. N 370 The Educational Innovators Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Emile, I762. Russell, B., Principles of Social Reconstruction, London, I9I6. Autobiograpf?y, I8J2-I9I4, London, I967. On Education, London, I 926. The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism, London, I920. Russell, Dora (ed.), Thinking in Front of Yourself, London, I934· Seguin, E., Idiocy and its Treatment ry the Pf?ysiological Method, I866, Traitement Moral, Hygiene, et Education des Idiots, I846. New Facts and Remarks on Idiocy, I87o. Report on Education, I876. Simpson, J. H., Schoolmaster's Harvest, London, I954· Howson of Holt, London, I925. An Adventure in Education, London, I 9 I 7. The Future of the Public Schools, Rugby, I943· Sane Schooling, London, I936. Steiner, R., The Philosopf?y of Spiritual Activity, I9I6. Mysticism (n.d.). The Story of My Life, London, I928. The Education of the Child in the Light of Anthropology, 1922. The Spiritual Ground of Education, I947· Education and Modern Spiritual Life, I954· Stewart, W. A. C., Quakers and Education, London, I953· and McCann, W. P., The Educational Innovators IJJO-z88o, London, I967. Strachey, L., Eminent Victorians, London, I9I8. Sturge, H. W., and Clark, T., The Mount School, York, IJ8J-I8I 4, I8ji- I9ji. London, I93I. Suttie, I., Origins of Love and Hate, London, I935· Taylor, C., and Matern, J., Institutiones Pietatis, I676. Taylor, L. C., et al., Experiments in Education at Sevenoaks, London, I965. Unwin, S., Truth about a Publisher, London, I96I. Waller, W., The Sociology of Teaching, New York, I932. Ward, B. M., Reddie of Abbotsholme, London, I934· Waugh, A., The Loom of Youth, London, I9I7. Weinberg, I., The English Public Schools, New York, I967. Whale, J. S., Christian Doctrine, London, I942. Whitbourn, F., Lex: Alexander Divine Founder of Cl'!)esmore School, London, I937· Whitehouse, J. H., Creative Education at an English School, Cambridge, I928. America and Our Schools, Oxford, I938. Ideals and Methods in Education: a Bqy's Symposium, London, I932· The School Base, Oxford, I943· Bibliography 371 Wills, W. D., Homer Lane, London, I964. The Barns Experiment, London, I945· The Hawkspur Experiment, London, I94I. Wood, A., and Russell, Bertrand, The Passionate Sceptic, London, I957· Yearbook of Education, London, I935· H. R. Hamley, 'The Testing of Intelligence'. Yearbook of Education, London, I957- W. Boyd, 'The Basic Faith of the New Educational Fellowship'. Yearbook of Education, London, I957- K. Hahn, 'Outward Bound'.
ARTICLES, PERIODICALS, PAMPHLETS A New School, published April I889 to introduce Abbotsholme School. Fifty Years of Abbotsholme, I889-I939· The Abbotsholmian, magazine of Abbotsholme School. The Abbotsholmian, iii. 3, I909. Report of paper 'How shall we educate our Directing Classes?', read by C. Reddie at the Authors' Club, 5 July I909. Academy, 24 September I898. Anarcl?y, January I967. D. Russell, 'What Beacon Hill Stood For'. Anarcl?y, February I965. J. Ellerby, 'Mr. Duane ofRisinghill'. Badminton School I8J8-IgJ8, published by the School. Barnes, K. C., 'The First Four Years', I944· 'The Co-Educational Boarding Schools', I 9 53. et al., Towards a Quaker View of Sex, I962. Bedales (Hcrywards Heath, Sussex). A School for Bqys: Outline of its Aims and System, I892. Bedales Chronicle: vol. 42, no. 8, June I958. vol. 44, no. 2, Spring 196o. vol. 45, no. I, I96o. Bedales School Roll, I952, ed. B. Gimson. BoARD OF EDUCATION REPORTS Inspection of Friends' Boarding Schools by the Board of Education, I905. Report by H.M. Inspectors on Bryanston School, Blandford, 1 933· Ministry of Education- Education Act, I944· Ministry of Education- Statistics of Education, part i, table (10)5, I965. Ministry of Education- Report of the Working Party on Assis tance with the cost of Boarding Education, I96o. (Martin Report.) Ministry of Education - List of Independent Schools : list 6o or List 70. 372 The Educational Innovators BoARD OF EDuCATION REPORTS (contd.) Ministry of Education- The Public Schools and the General Educa tional System, I944· (Fleming Report.) Ministry of Education- Half our Future, I963. (Newsom Report.) Brain, I9I 1. B. Hart, 'Freud's Conception of Hysteria in a Symposium on Hysteria'. British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. xiv, no. I, November I965. C. Duke, 'Robert Lowe - A Reappraisal'. Child and Man, Summer I964. (Periodical of the Anthroposophical Society.) Child Study Society, London: Journal of Proceedings, vol. vi, I926. Margaret McMillan, 'The Nursery School'. The Christian Socialist, I 889. The Clarion. The Book of C/qyesmore School (n.d.). Cornhi/1 Magazine: May I86o, December I86o, March I86I : Letters from Matthew James Higgins. The Daily Telegraph, 22 April I966. Edward Blishen, 'The Lessons are now Compulsory'. The Daily Telegraph, 22 April I966. Edward Blishen, 'Experiments in Education'. The English Review, June I924. Everyman, II July I929. Forum of Education, vol. v. Friends' Quarterly Examiner, vol. 70, I936. E. B. Castle, 'The Position of Friends' Schools'. National Froebel Foundation Bulletin, February I949· Geograply: Beaver, S. H., The 'Play Society and Field Work', July I962. The Gordonstoun Record, I961. Gordonstoun: Some Facts- produced by the School, March I967. Granta, I December I962. E. Wilkinson, 'Poisonous Passions'. The Guardian, 29 March I967. K. Barnes, 'Do they know what they want?' Hahn, K., Education for Leisure. Id. Journal of the Summerhill Society, nos. 2-7. Neill, A. S., 'My Scholastic Life'. September I96o-October I961. Lane, H., Four Lectures on Childhood, 'The Age of Loyalty', ed. Rev. H. H. Symonds. The Listener, 28 November I934· Report of the Committee on the closing of the Little Common wealth, July I9I 8. The London Echo. Bibliography 373 McMillan, Margaret, 'Citizens of Tomorrow', 1906. 'The Child and the State', 1907. 'London Children : how to feed them and how not to feed them', 1907. 'Schools of Tomorrow', 1908. Manchester Guardian, 11 May 1897. Report of the First Summer Conference of the New Educational Fellowship in Calais, 1921. H. Baillie-Weaver, 'La Co-education'. The New Era, 1920s. Education for the New Era- an International Quarterly Journal for the Promotion of Reconstruction in Education, January 1920. Tide changed to The New Era in Home and School. Pour /'Ere Noti/Jelle, 192os. Das Werdende Zeitalter. The Discipline of Freedom. Conference of New Ideals in Education, 1923 : 'Introduction'. New Ideals Quarter!J. The New Statesman. Pall Mall Gazette, 22 August 1892. Pendle Hill Pamphlet, no. 9, 1940. H. H. Brinton, 'Quaker Education in Theory and Practice'. Mason, Charlotte, 'A Short Synopsis of the Educational Philosophy Advanced by the Founder of the Parents' National Educational Union' (n.d.). Progressive Education, U.S.A. Progress To-d~, vol. xvii, no. 1. L. B. Pekin, 'The Way of Life at St. Christopher School, Letchworth'. Prospectus for Darrington Hall, 19 54· Prospectus for Bryanston School, 1962. Review of Reviews, 1893. Saga, Bryanston School magazine. Anniversary Saga, I928-r948 (symposium). Grant, C., 'St. George's School: A Retrospect'. Address to St. George's Parents' Association, 5 July 1941. The School Review, University of Chicago, vol. 74, no. 3, 1966. I. Weinberg, 'The Occupational Aspirations of British Public Schoolboys'. Freeman, A., Who was Rudolf Steiner? (published privately by Sheffield Educational Settlement, 1944). Report of the Educational Conference of the Society of Friends, 1879. Proceedings of a Conference called by the Committee on Education of New York Yearly Meeting, 1881. Wood, J., 'Education among Friends in England'. N2 374 The Educational Innovators The Sower, later Seed Time. Journal of the Fellowship of the New Life. Spectator, 18 September 1897. The Sund'!J Times, 10 January 1965. Article by M. Hamlyn. The Times, 30 September 195 5. The Times Educational Supplement, 2 August 1963. 'The Dalton Plan'. To-d'!J, 1888. Series of articles by C. Reddie entitled 'Modern Mis- education '. The Toynbee Record, 1908 : magazine of Toynbee Hall. Wennington School, 1961-2. The Westminster Gazette, November 1897; 30 September 1898. Where?, Autumn 1963 (A.C.E.). P. Wood, 'What is Ministry Recogni- tion Worth?' Wigram, D. R., The System of Work at Bryanston School, 1947. Index The page references in italic types indicate the main treatment of the subjects. A Quoi Tientla Supiriorite des Anglo Alpha Union, 6o Saxons? (E. Demolins), 71-2, 73 American Progressive Education As Abbotsholme School, 8, IO-IJ, 94. 134, sociation (American Education !78, 2JJ-6J, 275, 310 Fellowship), 77, 227, 229-30 and Bedales, I3-17, 24, 26o-I American schools, 77, 86-7 and Clayesmore, 2I, 24 Ancoats, 99 and German and Swiss schools, 65- Andressen, Alfred, 65 n., 66, 67 70 Animals, care of, in curriculum : at and L'Ecole des Roches, 7I-3 Abbotsholme, II assessed hy A. Ferriere, 76 Annand, J. B., 228 international renown, 77 Anthroposophical Society, p, 157-8 and Dalton Plan, I77 Anthroposophy, see Steiner, Rudolf and Gordonstoun, I84, I97 Apparatus, see Teaching apparatus after Reddie, 264-5 Arnold-Brown, A., I84, I97n. 'recognized as efficient', 307 Arts in curriculum growth rate, 3II at Uppingham, 6 fees, 316 at Clayesmore, 21 See also Reddie, C. at Badminton, 49 Academic emphasis, see 'Cramming', at Bembridge, xoo etc., reaction against at Dartington, I45 Ackworth School, 40. See also Quaker at Steiner schools, I63 schools at Bryanston, I73 Acts of Parliament, see Education Acts Arundale, GeorgeS., 54, 57 (I870; I902; I921 ; 1944); Arundale School, 57 Education (Administrative Pro incorporated in St. Christopher, 58 visions) Act (1907); Education Assignments, see Dalton Plan (Provision of Meals) Act (I9o6); Atlantic College, St. Donat's, 207-9, 348 Endowed Schools Bill and Act Authority, see Discipline (I869); Grammar Schools Act Awards, see Duke of Edinburgh (I84o); Public Schools Act (x868) A wards ; Prizes and awards Adler, Alfred, III, I49, 228, 347 Ayton, see Quaker schools Adolescence, Kurt Halm's view of, I92, I99-200 Baden, Margrave of, I87-8 Adult education: at Dartington, I33, Baden, Max, Prince of, I85, x86 I36 Baden-Powdl, Lord, 99 Age of school-leavers, see School Badley, Mrs. Amy (nee Garnett), 273-4, leaving age 28I Agriculture in curriculum Badley, J. H., 9n., IJ-IJ, 34, 68, II2, at Abbotsholme, II 138, 140,254,258, 268-Sr, 344, 345, in Lietz schools, 66 346 Aitkenhead, John, headmaster of early life, I3, 268-74 Kilquhanity, 302 and Abbotsholme, I3-I5, 274-6 Aller Park, Dartington, I37 and Bedales, I5-I7, 25~1, 277-80 Almond, Hdy Hutchinson, I2n. and Alex Devine, I8-2l, 24-5 'Aloneness', emphasized by Kurt and King Alfred's, 27-8 Hahn, I93, 204 influence, 64, 77-8 393 394 The Educational Innovators Badley--contd. Besse, Mme, zo8 contrasted with Reddie, 2.76-9 Beveridge, Sir William, 98 See also Bedales Bieberstein, 66, 67, 77 Badminton School, 46-jo, 73, 83 Birkett, H. de P., 31 'recognized as efficient', 305 Black, Dora, see Russell growth rate, 3 I I Blake, William, 52., 248 fees, 3 I6 Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna, 51, 53, I 57 Badock, Mrs., of Badminton, 46 Blishen, Edward, I46-7, 364-5 Baillie-Weaver, H., 56-7 Bloom, Alexander, 358, 359 Baker, Miss B. M., 47-9, 50 Board of Education, see Education, Balfour, A. J., see Education Act (I902.) Board of Ballard, P. B., educational psychologist, Boarding schools, I07-9· See also Pro 2.2.8 gressive schools ; Public schools Barnes, Frances, zio-11 Boeke, Kees, 2.38, 302 Barnes, Kenneth, zio-11, 2Ij-I6, 3I2., Bonser, Dr., of Teachers' College, 356-7. See also Wennington Columbia University, I35-6 Barns Experiment, The (D. Wills), 2.I9 Bootham School, 4o-I, 307. See also Barron, Evan, I84 Quaker schools Bartlett, Miss, of Badminton, 46-7 Bovet, Pierre, 22.8 Baths at school, see School baths Bow : McMillan clinic, I I 7 Baudouin, Charles, 2.2.8 Boy Scout Movement, 70, 99, I 29 Bazeley, E. T., 88, 90 at Bryanston, I97 Beacon Hill School, I48-JJ Boyd, William, 2I7n. Beatty, Willard W., I75 Boyd-Orr, Lord, 204 Becker, Dr., Prussian Minister of Brackenhill Theosophical Home School, Education, 2.2. 5 58 Bedales School, IJ-IJ, 2.9, 68, I39, 178, Bradford School Board, 116-I7 2.IO, 277-80, 305 Bradlaugh, Charles, 5 I and Abbotsholme, I5, z6o-I Branford, Victor, 25on. and Clayesmore, 2. I Erath, Stanley de, see de Brath and King Alfred's, 2.7 Brereton, Henry L., I89, I9o, 203 and Frenshanr Heights, 62.-3 Breuer, Josef, I 56 and L'Ecole des Roches, 7I-3 Brill, A. A., 11o assessed by A. Ferriere, 76 British and Foreign School Society, 5 international renown, 78 British Empire, in Reddie's educational and Dartington, I40, I45. I46 ideas, 12., 2. 57 and Dalton Plan, I77 British Psycho-Analytical Society, II I after Badley, z8o-I Brown, A. Arnold-, see Arnold-Brown 'recognized as efficient', 3 o5 Bryanston School, r69-82 growth rate, 3 I I under Jeffreys, I 69-7 I fees, 3 I5-I6 under Coade, I7I-3 See also Badley, J. H. Dalton Plan, I73-7 Bedford College, London, 47-8 Sea Cadets and Pioneers, I77-9 Bell, Geoffrey, Bishop of Chichester, I 88 Cranboume Chase, I So Bembridge School, 99-IOJ, I8z discipline, I8o-I Bemrose, Roderick, 2.63 curriculum and intake, I8I-2. Bergson, Henri, I I I summary, I82. Bertier, Georges, zzi 'recognized as efficient', 307 Besant, Mrs. Annie, 51-2., 54, 56, 57, growth rate, 3 I I 63, 114, I 57-8 fees, 3I5-I6 Besant School, 58. See also Theo See also Coade, T. F. sophical schools Bryce Commission, 267 Index 395 Buber, Martin, 228 Utizens of Tomorrow (M. McMillan), Buchan, John, see Tweedsmuir, Lord II7 Buchenau, 67 Citizenship in curriculum, see Civics Burgess Hill School, 302 Civics in curriculum (including current Burk, Frederik, 175 affairs and politics) Burnham scale, 298, 307, 314, 318-I9 at Badminton, 50 Burt, Sir Cyril, 228 in Theosophical schools, 6o Buss, Frances Mary, 48 at Bembridge, Ioo Butler, Lord (R. A.), 232 at Bryanston, I75 Clarendon Commission, 5, 6 Calder, J. L., I84 Clarion, II7 Cambridgeshire Village Colleges, I02 Clarisegg, 68, 74 Campbell, J. Archibald, 248-9, 253-4 Clarke, Sir Fred, 228, 230, 23 I, Canadian schools, 77 2 39 Career patterns of former pupils from Classes, small progressive schools, 326-39 at Bedales and King Alfred's, 28 high proportion of teachers, 327 at Bryanston, I70 few in priesthood or armed forces, Classics in curriculum 331 in nineteenth century, 5, 8 proportions in categories by Roe Greek preferred to Latin at Rend classification, 33 9 comb, 106 Carlyle, Thomas, 9, 52, 248, 258, 273 no classical side at Bryanston, qo Carp=ter, Edward, 10, 14, 27I, 273, 345 Oayesmore School, rS-24, I82 and Reddie, 9, II, 248, 25 I-5, 257, 'recognized as efficient', 307 258 growth rate, 3II, 3I 2 Carpentry in curriculum, see Handicrafts fees, 3 I6 Carving in curriculum, see Handicrafts See also Devine, A. Cassels, William, IO, 257-9 Clifton College, 9 Cave, Sir George, 9I Clinics, school, see Medical officers etc. C=tralization and decentralization issue, Oothes, see Dress reform 7-8, 345, 353-7 Coade, Thorold F., 54, IJI-J, I77-8, Charter for Children (N.E.F.), 232 I8o-2. See also Bryanston Child, Hubert and Lois, I45-7· See also Co-education and co-educational Darrington schools, 347 Child and the Curriculum, The(]. Dewey), Quaker schools, 40, 44-5 I2I fullest application at Darrington, I4I, Child and the State, The (M. McMillan), I44 II7 in aims of N.E.F., 22o-I, 234 Child-centred education, 349-5 2 See also Atlantic College; Beacon Children's councils, see Self-govern Hill ; Bedales ; Darrington ; Fren ment by pupils sham Heights ; Grindelford ; King Child's Path to Freedom, A Alfred's ; King Arthur ; Little Re (N. MacMunn), 92 public ; Michael Hall ; Saffron Christ Church, Oxford, I83-4 Walden; St. Christopher; St. Christian Socialist, The, II5, II7 George's, Harpenden ; Salem ; Christianity : influence at Bryanston, Steiner Schools ; Summerhill ; 172, I8o, I82 Wennington; Wickersdorf Christianity as Mystical Fact (R. Steiner), Colonial College, Hollesley Bay, 7I I 56 Combined Cadet Force: at Gordons 'Churnside', see Rendcomb College toun, I97 Citizens Made and Remade (W. R. Commissions, educational, see Bryce ; George), 87 n. Clarendon ; Education of Girls ; 396 The Educational Innovators Endowed Schools ; Fleming; New Crane, Mrs. Murray, I84 castle ; Public Schools ; Taunton Creighton, Colin, 320 n. Common Entrance Examination, 170, Crump, Geoffrey, 279 I8I, 3 I3 Culverwell, E. P., 83 Communism, see Socialism and Com Cumming, Alastair, I84, I89 munism Cumming, Mrs. Smith-, see Smith- Community ideal in education, 343, 345, Cumming 348-p Current affairs, see Civics at Abbotsholme, Io Curriculum, innovations and special in Theosophical schools, 58-9 features in, xvi, 3 5z, 36I-z in Junior Republics, 86-7 in public schools, 5 in Little Commonwealth, 87-90 at Abbotsholme, II-I2 at Dewey's Laboratory School, Izo-I at Bedales, I6 at Dartington, I39-40, I43 at Clayesmore, 22 at Beacon Hill, I 50 at King Alfred's, z6 at Bryanston, 172, 178 in Quaker schools, 38-9 at Wennington, z II at Badminton, 48-50 at Bedales, 274 in Theosophical schools, 59 at Summerhill, z9o-I in Lietz schools, 66 Comparative religion in curriculum at Bembridge, IOO at King Alfred's, 31, 64 at Malting House, IZZ-3 at Dartington, I46 at Dartington, I45 Comprehensive school, 355, 357-8, 363 at Beacon Hill, I 50-I advocated by E.N.E.F., 234 in Steiner schools, I 6 I-5 See also Risinghill at Bryanston, I73, I75, I8I Cook, Caldwell, I I z See also Agriculture; Animals, care Cook, E. T., 98-9 of; Arts : Civics ; Classics ; Com Co-operation preferred to competition parative religion ; Domestic sci at Bedales, I 5 ence ; Drama ; Economics ; Eng at King Alfred's, 30 lish ; Eurhythmics ; Eurhythmy ; in Theosophical schools, 59 French; Gardening; German; at Beacon Hill, I 50 Handicrafts; History; Hygiene; in aims of N.E.F., zzo-I, zz6 International studies ; Italian ; at Abbotsholme, z56 Manual work ; Mathematics ; Cornhill Magazine, 4 'Modem' subjects ; Music ; Nature Corporal punishment, see Punishment study ; Philosophy ; Reading ; Com!, Emile, zzS Religious instruction ; Russian ; County Badge scheme (Gordonstoun), Science ; Seamanship ; Sex in I90, I98, 205 struction ; Social sciences ; Spanish Cox, Dr. G. L., z65 Curry, William Burnlee, IJ?-47, 233, 'Cramming', examination pressures and 302 specialization, reaction against, 343 and Bertrand Russell, I38-9, I52-3 at Abbotsholme, I z See also Dartington at Bedales, I 6 at Clayesmore, ZI Dalcroze, E. J., zzS at King Alfred's, z6, 27, 3 I Dalcroze School, Dresden, 85. uz at Badminton, 49 Dalton Association, I74 in Theosophical schools, 59 Dalton Plan, 31-z, Ioi, 172, I74-6 at Dartington, I44, I46 and Bryanston, 170, I73, I74, I75-7, at Gordonstoun, 203 I8I-Z at Wennington, ZI3 and Gordonstoun, I94-5 Cranboume Chase School, I So and Wennington, z I 2 Index 397 Dartington and Dartington Hall Trust, Diet in schools XV, 12.S, IJ2-7, I40-7, 2.03, 306- in Theosophical schools (vegetarian), 307 59 purchase by Elmhirsts, I32. at Beacon Hill, I 52 establishment of Trust, I32. Discipline and authority, relaxation of, commercial enterprises, I 32. xvi, 351-2, 364 non-commercial activities (school, at King Alfred's, 2.S Arts Centre, Adult Education in Quaker schools, 39 Centre, School of Dance and denounced by Montessori, SI-2 Mime), I33, I36 at Dartington, I42-4 local opposition, I 33 at Beacon Hill, I 52 opening of school, I 34-5 in Steiner Schools, I 6 5 criticisms of school, I 3 5 at Bryanston, I So reorganization, I35-6 at Wennington, 213, 2I5 extension of school, I 36 See also Freedom in education; appointment of Curry as head, I4I Punishment ; Self-government ; physical organization, I4I Voluntary attendance co-education, I4I, I44 Dodge, Miss, American heiress, 57, 63 discipline and self-government, I42. Domestic science in curriculum : in I44 Quaker schools, 44 inspections and eventual recognition, Dominie's Log, A, and other books by I44-5, 306-7 A. S. Neill, 2S4-5 appointment of H. and L. Child as Douglas-Hamilton, Mrs., 57, 62, Io6 heads, 145 Drama in curriculum curriculum, I45-6 at Beacon Hill, I 5I summary, I46-7 at Bryanston, I So growth rate, 3 II Dress reform, 344 fees, 3I6 at Abbotsholme, I 2 See also Curry, W. B. at Clayesmore, 2 I Darvall, Sir Lawrence, 2.oS at King Alfred's, 33 Dauntsey's School, 2.IO at Badminton, 47 David, Dr. A. A., of Rugby, 93 at Dartington, I4I Davidson, Thomas, 2. 54-5 at Bryanston, 170 Davies, Lord, 190 at Gordonstoun, I 9 I Davies, Sir Thomas, I07 Drzewieski, Dr., 2 3 I -2 Dawson of Penn, Lord, 2.04 Duane, Michael, 302., 35~I de Brath, Stanley, 2.6I Duke of Edinburgh Awards, I9S, 2o6- De Normann, Beatrice, see Ensor 20S Decentralization, see Centralization Dunhurst, Bedales, S3 Decroly, Dr. Ovide, 76 DemocrO€) and Education (J. Dewey), Ear!y Childhood (M. McMillan), I I7 I2.I East, James, headmaster of Burgess Demolins, Edmond, 7D-J, 77 Hill, 302 Deptford : McMillan nursery school Ecole de I'Humanitl, 6S etc., S4, II7-IS Ecole des Roches, 72, 77, 2.2.I Devine, Alexander, I7-2J, 34, IOI, 2.7S, assessed by A. Ferriere, 76 344, 345, 346. See also Clayesmore Ecole No1111elle de Ia Suisse Romande, 69 School Economic responsibility given to pupils Dewey, John, 64. III, I3J, I34, 2.12., 2.30 at Rendcomb, I05 influence on Susan Isaacs, I 2.o-4, I 26 at Malting House, I2.3 on W. B. Curry, I40 Economics in curriculum : at Dickinson, G. Lowes, 27I, 274 Bryanston, ISI 398 The Educational Innovators Edinburgh, Duke of, I89-90 Endowed Schools Commission, 7 Awards, I98, z.o6-8 Engels, Friedrich, I 56 Edinburgh University, 9, 2.46, 2.83 English in curriculum Education Acts at Winchester, 6 (I87o), 3, 7 at Abbotsholme, I I (I902.), 3-4, II7, 345 in Quaker schools, 38 (I92.I), 305 at Badminton, 49 (I944), I44, 2.32., 306, 3I3 English New Education Fellowship, Education (Administrative Provisions) 2.2.2., 2.2.6, 2. 3 3-5 Act (I907), II7 Ensor, Mrs. Beatrice (nee de Normann), Education and Modern Spiritual Life 2.7, 54, 55-8,62,83, z.I8, 2.24-5, z.z.8, (R. Steiner), I59 2.33. z.86-7 Education, Board of, later Ministry of, Equipment, see Teaching apparatus etc. later Department of Education and Essqys on a Liberal Education (Dean Science, 3, 8z., Io3, 205, 240, 305-6, F. W. Farrar), 5 3 I z.. See also Inspectors, H.M. ; Ethical Society, II7 Recognition Eton College, I84, I94, I97• 305 EducationforSociety r:w. B. Curry), Ettersburg, 67 I42.n. Eurhythmics in curriculum : in Theo Education for the New Era, ZI8 sophical schools, 59 Education : Its Data and First Principles Eurhythmy in curriculum : in Steiner (T. P. Nunn), 83, III Schools, I64-5 Education Noii/Jelle, L' (E. Demolins), 72. Ewald, Marina, I85 Education of Girls, Commission on, 48 Examination pressures, see 'Cramming' Education of the Child in the Light of etc. Anthroposopf?y, The (R. Steiner), I 58 Experimental methods in schools, see Education (Provision of meals) Act Beacon Hill ; Curriculum ; Dalton (I9o6), II7 Plan ; Malting House ; Montessori Education through the Imagination Method ; Oral methods ; 'Pro (M. McMillan), I I7 jects' ; Seminar and discussion Educational theory, passim method; 'Setting'; Steiner conceptual points, 348-5 3 Schools ; Streaming ; Summer Egalitarianism in education hill; Training Plan; Voluntary in N.E.F., 232, 234-5, 240 attendance and post-war position of independ Eyk, Dr. Van, z.6z. ent schools, 3I4, p8, 354-7 Elementary and primary schools Fabian Society, p, 2.55 effect of Revised Code on, 4, 34. 3 5 Fagging, abolished in progressive J. H. Whitehouse's ideas on, I OZ. schools, 344 influence on J. H. Simpson, I03 Family, ideal of school as a, see Com See also Prestolee Elementary School ; munity ideal St. George-in-the-East Farrar, Dean, F. W., 5 Elgin Academy, 2.04 Fees, in progressive and public schools, Elmhirst, Dorothy (nee Whitney, then 3I4-I8 Straight), xv, I3I-4, I36, I4D-I, Fellowship of the New Life, 9-10, I 3, I47 54, 6o, 2.50, 2.54, 256-7, 344 Elmhirst, Leonard, xvi, I28-J4, I36, Fels, Joseph, II8 I4D-I, I47 Ferriere, Adolf, lJ-1, ZI9 Eminent Victorians (L. Strachey), 347 Fettes College, 9, IZ.n., 2.44 Em/ohstobba (H. Lietz), 65, 69, 73 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, I 55 Endowed Schools Bill and Act (I869), Field, Mary, Iz.5 6-7 Finchden Manor School, z.Io Index 399 Findlay, J. J., 65, 244. 264-5, 277 Fromm, Erich : summary and criticism Fish, Mrs., of Dunhurst, Bedales, of A. S. Neill's principles, 29I-3 279 Fry, Roger, 27I Fisher, H. A. L., II8 Fleming Committee and Report, Io9, Games fetish, reaction against I82, 234. 312, 313 at Abbotsholme, I I Flexner, Abraham, I 34 at Clayesmore, 2 I Flugel, J. C., II I at Gordonstoun, I9Z Ford Junior Republic, 87, 88 Garden City movement, IO, 3I, 54 Forster, W. E., see Education Act Garden City Theosophical School, see (I870) Arundale School Foundations of Success, The (S. de Brath), Gardening in curriculum 26I at Uppingham, 6 Foxhole, Dartington, I 37 at Abbotsholme, I I Frankfurt Reform Gymnasium, I85 Garrett, Amy, see Badley Freedom in education, meaning of, 347 Garrett, Edmund, 27I at King Alfred's, 32 Garstang, T. J., 279 in Theosophical schools, 55, 59 Gebesee, 67 for Homer Lane, 79, 89, 92, 95 Geddes, Patrick, 70, 98 for Maria Montessori and her critics, and Reddie, 248, 249-50, 253-4 79-86, 95 Geheeb, Edith, 68 for Percy Nunn, III-I2 Geheeb, Paul, 68, 238, 302 for Susan Isaacs, I 2 3 General Schools Certificate, 3 I at Siksha-Satra, I 29 George, W. R., and the George Junior for Bertrand Russell, I38-9, I49 Republic, 86-8 for J. H. Badley, 277 German in curriculum for A. S. Neill, 29o-3 at Abbotsholme, I I See also Discipline ; Self-discipline ; at Beacon Hill, I 51 Self-expression ; Self-government ; German schools based on Abbotsholme, Voluntary attendance 65-70 Freideutsche Jugend Bewegung, 70 Gilpin, Miss Eva M., of Hall School, Freie Waidorfschule, I 58-9 Weybridge, 2IO Freinet, Charles, 22 5 Gimson, Basil, 279 French in curriculum Girls' Public Day School Trust, 47-8 at Abbotsholme, I I Girls' schools, 47-8. See also Badmin- at Beacon Hill, I 5 I ton ; Cranboume Chase ; Girls' in primary schools, 3 52 Public Day School Trust ; the Frensham Heights School, 62-3 Mount 'recognized as efficient', 309 Gloucestershire Education Committee, growth rate, 3 I I 106 fees, 316 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, I55-6, Freud, Sigmund, influence of, 86, 94, I63 IIO-IJ, 347 Gooch, Dr. G. P., 2.28 on Susan Isaacs, I2o, I24-5, I26 Good-bye to All That (R. Graves), 347 on Bertrand Russell, I38, I49 Gordonstoun, 69, I47, I78, I79• I83, on A. S. Neill, 286 I86, I89-204 Friends' Educational Council, 323 opened, I89 Friends of Salem, I88 war years in Wales, I 90 Friends, Society of, see Society of re-established, I 90 Friends 'Salem laws', I9I-3 Froebel, Friedrich, 26, 64, 66, 85, 86 Training Plan, I93-4 Froebel Society, II7 dispersal of responsibility, I94-5 400 The Educational Innovators Gordonstoun-contd. Handicrafts in curriculum-con/d. curriculum, I95-6 at Dartington, I 4 5 seamanship, mountaineering and at Bryanston, I73 'services', I 96-7 Hardie, Keir, II4 fees, I98-9 Harley, Winifred, I36, I37, I4I Platonic parallels, I 99-200 Harris, Mr. and Mrs. Lyn, 6o, 63, 83 criticisms, 2oi-3, 2I4-I5 Harris, N. K., 63-4 summary, 204 Harrow School, 6, I7I-2, 305 1rrfluence, 206, 208 Harvey, T. E., 98 growth rate, 3 I 2 Haubinda, 66, 67, 68, 73, 77 See also Hahn, Kurt Hawkspur Experiment, The (D. Wills), Gordonstoun Society, I87, I98 2IO Gorst, Sir John, uS Headmasters' Conference, 6, 24, 42, 3IO. Gottingen University, 247 See also Public schools Grammar schools, xv, 6-7, 8, 35, 345, 'Hearts, not heads' (A. S. Neill's 351 slogan), 29 I Grammar Schools Act (I84o), 8 Heckstall-Smith, H., I47, 202-3 Grande passion, Kurt Hahn's theory of, Henderson, Dr. J. L., 238 I92 Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 26, 65, 66, Grant, Rev. Cecil, 62, 82, 84, 99 77, I56 Grants to schools, 5, 7 Hermannsberg, I85, I88 Graves, Robert, 347 Hermetic Society, 53 Great Ayton, see Quaker schools Hickson, J. Godfrey, 27 Gresham's School, Holt, I03, I39 Higgins, Matthew James, 4 Grindelford School, 58. See also Higher grade schools, 3 5 Theosophical schools Hill, Brian, 2I6 Group dynamics, 236, 237 History in curriculum Grovesmiihle, 67 at Winchester, 6 'Guardian angel' in Kurt Hahn's at Badminton, 48, 50 thought, I92, I99-2oo, 203 American, at Bembridge, IOO Guild of St. George, 98 in Steiner schools, I63 See also Civics ; International studies Hadfield, Dr. J. H., 225 Hitler, Adolf, I87 Haeckel, Ernst, I 56 Hoare, Desmond, 207 Hahn, Kurt Hof Oberkirch, 69 in Germany, 67, 69, I73, 178, ISJ-8 Hohenfels, I85 in Britain, 178, zSJ-4, z88-9J, I96, Holmes, Edmond, 4n., 54, 55-6, 82 IjS-204, 206-9 Holt, Lawrence, 205 See also Gordonstoun Homer Lane Hall School, Weybridge (later Wincan Homer Lane and the Uttle Common ton), 2IO wealth (B. T. Bazeley), 88 n. Hamilton, Mrs. Douglas-, see Douglas Homework, abolished at King Alfred's, Hamilton 26 Handicapped children, Steiner schools Housecraft, see Domestic science and homes for, I 59, I66 How We Think(]. Dewey), I2I Handicrafts in curriculum, 343 Howson, G. W. S., I39 at Abbotsholme, I I Humanist and rationalist ideals at King Alfred's, 27 at King Alfred's, 25, 28, 31 in Quaker schools, 44 at Dartington, I46 at Badminton, 49 at Beacon Hill, I 52 in Lietz schools, 66 Huxley, Sir Julian, 205 at Bembridge, Ioo Huxley, T. H., 244 Index 401 Hyett, Sir Francis, 107n. Interest and curiosity, child's, em- Hyett, Miss V. A., 31, 33 phasized, 347 Hygiene in curriculum by Alex Devine, 2 I at Abbotsholme, 12 by Susan Isaacs, 123 at Beacon Hill, I p in aims of N.E.F., 2ID-11 See also Diet ; Medical officers etc. ; See also Montessori Method Sex instruction Interest and Effort in Education Hyndman, H. M., 9, 114, 247-8 (].Dewey), 121 International Bureau of Education, 74 Ideology and Utopia (K. Mannheim), 230 International Bureau of New Schools, Iffienburg, 66,67, 68,73,77 74, n. 219 Imagination, child's, emphasized International studies and international- by Margaret McMillan, 8 5 ism by Susan Isaacs, 12 3 at Badminton, 48, 50, 73 by Rudolf Steiner, I66 at Beacon Hill, 15 o Imperial School, Hatherton Hall, at Salem, 186, 188 262n. at Outward Bound schools, 206 In Quest of an Ideal (E. Holmes), 54 at Atlantic College, 207 Independent Labour Party, 117 in A. S. Neill's thought, 2.88 Independent schools, see Progressive See also New Education Fellowship schools ; Public schools Internationa/er Arbeitskreis fiir Erneuer1111g Individual teaching and work der Erziehung, see New Education in Theosophical schools, 59 Fellowship at Dartington, 140 Isaacs, Susan, xv, 113, 116, I I9-27, 138 at W ennington, 212 and Bertrand and Dora Russell, 150, See also Dalton Plan; Training Plan 153 Individuality, importance of and New Education Fellowship, 2.2.8 in Theosophical schools, 5 5 See also Malting House School in aims of N.E.F., 220-1 Italian in curriculum : at Bryanston, Inner Light, relevance to education of 18I belief in, 37, 38-9,45 Itard, J. E. M.G., 79 Inspectors, H.M., and inspections of schools, 4. JOJ-8 Jacks, H. B., 2.8I at King Alfred's (1921, I928), 3I Jackson, Sir Cyril, 118 at Quaker schools (1905), 44-5 James, William, 186 at Dartington (I949, I959. I965), Jeffreys, J. Graham, 169-71 I44-5' 306, 307 Johnson, Miss Finlay, 82. at Michael Hall (1950 etc.), I67, Jones, Ernest, 110, 11 I 3o6n. Jung, Carl Gustav, 111, I49, 2.2.8 at Bryanston (I933, 1951, 1966), 17I, Junior Republics, 86-8 172-3, 177, 307 Jusmani, A. A., I46-7 at Wennington (1948), 211 at Summerhill (1949 etc.; notre Kant, Immanuel, I 55 cognized), 296, 306, 307 Kent Education Committee, 117 at various other named schools, 305, Kenworthy, J. C., 9 3°7 Kilquhanity School, 302. Institute of Education, University of King, Miss, of St. Christopher, 6o, 62. London, 231 King Alfred School, 26-JJ, 34, 83, 112., Institute of Racial Reconstruction, see 2.86 Sriniketan ' recognized as efficient', 3 I Intellectual Growth in Yo1111g Children King Alfred School Society, 2.6-7, 30, (S. Isaacs), 121 n. 33. 36 402 The Educational Innovators King Arthur School, Edinburgh, 58. London Echo, The, II7 See also Theosophical schools Loom of Youth, The (A. Waugh), 347 Kingsford, Anna, 53, 248 Loretto School, I2n. Knowledge, role of in education, J49- Love, importance of, emphasized JJ2 by Homer Lane, 89 Kramer, headmaster at Ilsenburg, 66, by Bertrand Russell, I 53 68 by Rudolf Steiner, I6o Krishnamurti, 63, I 57 by Kenneth Barnes, 2 I 5 by A. S. Neill, 3oi-2 Laboratory School, University of Luserke, founder of Schule am Meer, Chicago, I20-I 68 Lambert, R., 36I Lyward, George, 2IO Lancashire Education Committee, I09 Landerziehungsheime, see Lietz, H. Maberly, Gerald C., 27 Landschulheime, 68-9 McCallister, W. J., 8I, 86, 88 Lane, Homer, 30, 56, 79, 87-96, Io9, MacDonald, Ramsay, I87-8, 273 I 12., 286 McDougall, William, III, 347 Langevin, Paul, 2.2.8, 229 McMillan, Margaret, II4-I!J, 12.6 Large, Harold, 87 and Seguin, So Lauwerys, Professor Joseph, 233 and Maria Montessori, 84-5 Lawrence, Miss A.]., 6o and the Russells, I 5o Lawrence, Evelyn, I25 and Rudolf Steiner, I 59 Lean, Dr. Bevan, 4 5 McMillan, Rachel, 84, rr4-r8, 12.6 Leeuw, G. van der, 225 MacMunn, Norman, 82,92-3 Leighton Park School, 4I-2, 178 Maitland, Edward, 53, 248 'recognized as efficient', 305 Malting House School, xv, II3, II!)-27 growth rate, 3 I I and Beacon Hill, I 53 fees, 3I6 See also Isaacs, Susan See also Quaker schools Man and Society (K. Mannheim), 230 Le Play, Frederic, 249, 25on. Mann, Thomas, 230 Letchworth, see St. Christopher School Mannheim, Karl, xv, 23o-I, 239 Liberalism as influence: on J. H. Manual work in curriculum, 343 Whitehouse, 98-9 at Uppingham, 6 Liberty, see Freedom at Abbotsholme, I I, 2II, 257 Lietz, Dr. Hermann, and his schools, at Clayesmore, 2I, 23 OJ-!), 73, 77, I86 in Quaker schools, 39, 44 his wife, 67-8 in Lietz schools, 66 assessed by Ferriere, A., 76 at Bedales, 2II Ligue Internationale pour /'Education at Wennington, 2II Nofltlelle, see New Education Fel Marean, Alan, I 84 lowship Marcault, Emile, IF, 229 Lincoln School, New York, I 34 Marseille, headmaster of Haubinda, 66 Lindemann, Professor, F. A., I34 Martin Report, 313 n. Lindsay of Birker, Lord, 2.2.8 Marx, Karl, I 56 List of Independent Schools (List 6o ; List Marxism, see Socialism and Com 70), 308-9, 3 I4 munism Little Commonwealth, 56, 87-!)I, II2, Mason, Charlotte, 84 286 Mathematics in curriculum Lloyd George, David, 99 in Lietz schools, 66 Lohmann, founder of Schondorf, 68 New Mathematics, 3 52 London Children (M. McMillan), II7 Max, Prince of Baden, see Baden London County Council, Io9, 359-60 Meals at schools, see School meals Index 403 Medical officers, inspection and treat Montgomery, B. H., 32 ment in schools Moral education, emphasized at King Alfred's, 25 by Kurt Hahn, I86, 2oi in work of McMillan sisters, I I 6, by Cecil Reddie, 236 II7, 126 Moral Principles in Education (J. Dewey), Meier, Frederic Alfred, 280 I2I Meissner, Dr. Erich, 66, 67, I87, I88 Morant, Sir Robert, II6-I7 Merrill-Palmer tests, I 36 Moray Badge (Gordonstoun), I98, 204, Metalwork in curriculum, see Handi 205 crafts Moray School, Glasgow, 58. See also Methods, see headings listed under Experi- Theosophical schools mental methods Morris, William, 9, 6I, II4, 27I, Meux, Lady, I I 5 2 73 Miall, F. W., 27, 28 Motivation, importance of child's, 94 Miall, Louis Compton, 26 Mount School, the, York, 41. See also Michael Hall, I6o, I67 Quaker schools 'recognized as efficient', 3o6n. Mountaineering in education, I96, 206, growth rate, 3 I I 208 fees, 3 I5-I6 Muirhead, R. F., IO, 257, 259 See also Steiner schools Muller, Friedrich Max, 5o-I, 52 Michel, Louise, II 5 Mullins, Mrs. Alice, 27 Ministry of Education, see Education, Mumford, Lewis, 25on. Board of, later Ministry of Murray, Gilbert, 50 Modem School, Letchworth, see St. Music in curriculum, 344 Christopher at Uppingham, 6 'Modem' subjects in curriculum at Abbotsholme, I I at Harrow, 6 at Clayesmore, 2 I in Quaker schools, 44 in Quaker schools, 44 See also individual suijects listed under in Steiner schools, I 6 I Curriculum at Bryanston, I73, I75, I8o Molt, Emil, I 58 My Pedagogic Creed (J. Dewey), 12I Monkton Wyld School, 2IO, 2II-I2, 348 Mysticism (R. Steiner), I 56 Montagu, George, later Earl of Sand- Mysticism in relation to Anthropo- wich, 86 sophy, I56-7 Montessori, Maria, 79-86 and Norman MacMunn, 92-3 National Secular Society, 51 and Homer Lane, 95-6 National Society, 5 and Susan Isaacs, I2o, I24, I26 National Union of Teachers, 356 and the Russells, I 5o Nature study in curriculum and Helen Parkhurst, I74 at King Alfred's, 33 and New Education Fellowship, 2I8- at Badminton, 46 2I9, 225, 228 Neill, A. S., 29, 83, II2-I3, I47, 2I5, Montessori Method, 8 o-6 22I, 282-]02, 3 I2 at King Alfred's, 29, 83 and Homer Lane, 94-5 and New Ideals in Education, 54 and psychoanalysis, II2-I3, 288 and Beatrice Ensor, 55 and first New Era International Con- at St. Christopher, 58, 83 ference, 2 I 9 at Bedales, 8 3 early years, 282-6 at St. George's, Harpenden, 83 school in Austria, 287-8 in Quaker schools, 84 and Summerhill, 288-302, 330 Montessori Principles and Practice (E. P. See also Summerhill Culverwell), 83 Neill, Eva, 289 404 The Educational Innovators New Education Fellowship, 30, 56, 57, Nursery Schools Association, 84, I I 8 64, 74, 75, 17I-2, 2I7-40, 286 Nussbaum, Robert, 2I8 origins and first conference (I 92 I), 2I7-I9 Oak Lane County Day School, I40 first statement of aims (I922), 22o-I Odenwaldschule, 68, 76, 77 organization and membership, 22I-3 Olcott, Colonel H. S., 5 I conferences and themes, 223-5 Olive, G. W., 2IO new statement of principles (I932), On Education (B. Russell), I48 225-6 O'Neill, Edward, 3 58 reports and symposia, 227-8 Open air, importance of, emphasized individual participants, 228-9 by McMillan sisters, n8-I9 wartime developments, 229-35 Oral methods : at Beacon Hill, I 5 I Inter-Allied Conference (I942) and Orthophrenic School, Rome, So Charter for Children, 23I-3 Osborne, C. H. C., I04n. relation to UNESCO, 232-3, 236-7 Outward Bound Trust and movement, E.N.E.F. and the I944 Act, 234-5 178, I90, I98, I99· 204-7. 208 post-war egalitarian trend, 23 5 Sea School at Aberdovey, 205-6 summary, 238-40 at Burghead, 206 See also English New Education mountain schools at Eskdale and Fellowship Ullswater, 206 New Era in Home and School, The, 74- 77, s3, s5, 2I8-2o, 227-s, 235 , 286 Pacifism New Era International Conference, as influence at Beacon Hill, I49 2I8-I9 at Wennington, 2II New Ideals in Education, 54-5, 57, among former pupils of progressive 17I, 174. 2I7 schools, 3 34 New Ideals Quarterfy, I7I Piidagogik im Grundriss (W. Rein), 65 New School, Streatham, see Michael Parents' National Educational Union, Hall 84 New Schools and New School Move Parents, participation of : at King ment, 24, 37, 73 Alfred's, 30, 33 A. Ferriere's attempts to define and Park School, Baltimore, I4o list, 74-7 Parker, Barry, 3 I New Castle Commission, 5 Parkhurst, Helen, I72, I74, 175, 228 Newsom, Sir John, see Public Schools 'Paterfamilias', see Higgins, M. J. Commission Paul-Jones, Mrs., 32-3 Nicholson, Caroline, 364 'Payment by results', see Revised Code Nietzsche, Friedrich, I 56 Pedley, R., 357 Normann, Beatrice de, see Ensor Pereire, J. R., 79 North London Collegiate School, 48 Permissiveness, see Discipline; Free Nunn, Sir Percy, xv, 83, III-I2, 228, dom 23I Perry, L. R., 349 Nursery and infant schools and groups, Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 26, 29, 64, 83-5 66, 86 at King Alfred's, 29, 83 Peters, Richard, 3 52, 36 5 at St. Christopher, 83 Philip, Prince, see Edinburgh, Duke of at Badminton, 83 Philosophy in curriculum : at Bryans- in work of McMillan sisters, 84, n6, ton, I8I II8-I9 Philosophy of Spiritual Activity at Dartington, I36-7 (R. Steiner), I 56 at Beacon Hill, I 50 Physical fitness, emphasized, 343 See also Malting House by Kurt Hahn, I86, I88, I91, 195 Index 405 Piaget, Jean, u8 Progressive schools--&ontd. criticized by Susan Isaacs, 126 novators passim; King Alfred's; Pieron, Professor H., u9 Little Republic ; Malting House ; Pioneers (Bryanston), I77-8 Monkton Wyld ; Quaker schools ; Plato and the Republic Radical schools ; Rendcomb ; St. influence on Kurt Hahn, I86, I9I, Christopher; Steiner Schools ; I97. I99-200, 203 Summerhill; Theosophical schools; criticized by Kenneth Barnes, 2I4 Tiptree Hall; Wennington influence on Cecil Reddie, 267 Projects Play methods, 284, 347 in Lietz schools, 66 'Pop', see Eton at Gordonstoun and other schools, Potemea incident, I86-7, 2oi I95-6 Pour /'Ere NoiiiJelie, 74, 77, :z:zo, 223, Psychoanalytic movement : influence on 235 education, IIO-IJ, II9-2o, I24-J, Powell, Oswald, 279 224. 238, 288, 347· See also Freud, S. Prestolee Elementary School, 358 Puberty, see Adolescence Primary schools, see Elementary and Public schools, xv, 4-6, 8, 48, 326, HI, primary schools n6 Prindples of S o&ial R.eeonslrll&lion in relation to Abbotsholme, Io-II, (B. Russell), I38-9 34. 2 56 Printing presses in schools, IOO to Bedales, I 5, 34 Prizes and awuds to Bembridge, 99-Io2 none at King Alfred's, 2I toRendcomb, I03-9 none at Badminton, 49 attendance figures, 309-Io none at other schools passim post-wu attacks on, 312, 346-7, 355 See also Duke of Edinburgh Awuds fees, 3I6, 3IS Programmedleuning, I67, 352,363 social class of pupils, 324 Badminton, Progressive Ed~~&alion, 2 3 5 See also Abbotsholme ; Progressive Edll&alion : From Art:ady to Bootham ; Bryanston ; Oayes Academe (P. A. Graham), 227 more ; Oifton ; Fettes ; Gordon Progressive schools, xv-xvi, 3, 33, 64 stoun; Gresham's, Holt; Hurow; relation to Quaker schools, 45-6 Headmasters' Conference; Leighton inspection and recognition, 305-8 Puk ; Loretto ; Rugby ; Seven growth figures and prospects, 308-I4 oaks ; Uppingham ; Winchester finance, 3I4-20 Public Schools Act (I868), 5 cueer patterns : questionnaire to Pub/it: St:hools and the General Edll&alional former pupils, 32o-39; their social System, The, se~ Fleming Com class, 322-3 ; leaving age, 323-5 ; mittee and Report choice of education for own child Public School Commission (Newsom), ren, 325 ; further education, 326; 3IO, 313. 3I8, 356 choice of cueer, 326-34; propor Punishment, xvi tion of conscientious objectors, abolished at Malting House, 123 334; saluies, 335-7; age on deplored by A. S. Neill, 293 commencement of permanent paid Punishment, corporal, abolition of employment, 33 7 at King Alfred's, 28 summarized, J4J-8, J62-J in Quaker schools, 4 5 conceptual points uising from, 348- in Theosophical schools, 59 87 352 in George Junior Republic, See also Abbotsholme ; Beacon Hill ; in Steiner Schools, I65 Bedales ; Bembridge ; Bryanston ; at Bryanston, xn Oayesmore ; Dartington, Fren Pyke, Geoffrey, xv, II9-2.0, 12.5-6, IH sham Heights ; Gordonstoun ; In- Pyke, Mugaret, uo, u6 406 The Educational Innovators Quaker schools, 36, 37-41, 84, I82 Reddie--contd. listed, 42 influence of Campbell, Geddes and high proportion of respondents to Carpenter, 248-5 5 questionnaire, 3 2 I See also Abbotsholme social class of pupils, 322-3 Reddie, Florence, 243-4 leaving age, 3 25 Rein, Wilhelm : influence on Cecil choice of career, 330-4 Reddie, 65, 66, 77, 266 See also Society of Friends Reinhardt, Karl, 184, 185 Queen's College, London, 47-8 Religious instruction Quick, A. 0. H., I04n. at Abbotsholme, II-12 none at King Alfred's, 26 Rachel McMillan Training College, non-sectarian at St. Christopher, 6o II8 in Lietz schools, 66 Radakrishnan, SirS., 225, 228 at Darrington, I45-6 Radical schools, see Progressive schools none at Beacon Hill, 150 Rasdall, Miss, of Badminton, 4 7 at Bryans ton, I 7 5 Rationalism, see Humanist and rational- at Wennington, 213 ist ideals See also Comparative religion Rawlinson, J. F. P., 9I Rendcomb College, xv, 17n., 94, IOJ-9, Rawson, Wyatt, 54, 2I7n. 182 Reading, delayed in Steiner Schools, Rennie, Belle, 54,174 I62 Report of the Working Par(Y on Assistance 'Real situations' in education : at with the Cost of Boarding Education, Malting House, I24 3I3n. Recognition as an efficient school, con Republic, The, see Plato ditions for, 306-7. See also In Revised Code, 4, 34, 3 5 spectors, H.M. Rewards, see Prizes and awards Records of children Rice, Charles E., 27-9 at King Alfred's, 25-6 Richmond, Admiral, 204 at Bryanston, I75-6 Ridding, George, 5-6 at Wennington, 2 I 2 Risinghill Comprehensive School, 302, See also Dalton Plan 359-61 Red Hill School, 2IO Rivers, W. H. R., III Reddie, Cecil, 8-IJ, 34, 53, Ioi, I34, Roberts, Paul, 62-3 I38, 24]-67, 344. 345, 346 Roosevelt, Mrs. Eleanor, 230 early life, education and influences, Rotten, Elizabeth, 219, 225, 228, 238 9· 243-55 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 64 founding of Abbotsholme, IQ-I2, and A. S. Neill, 295-6 256-8 Rudolf Steiner Schools, see Steiner quarrels and decline, 12-13, 259, 261- Schools 263 Rugby School, 6, 13, 268, 270, 305, 316 retirement, 13, 264-5 experimental work of J. H. Simpson, achievement, 13, 64, 77-8, 275-9 93> 103-4 and J. H. Badley, 13-17, 259-61, Rugg, Dr. Harold, 225, 228, 238 275--
Tagore, Rabindranath, 61, 129, 131 Ulrich, Robert, 228 Taunton Commission (Schools Inquiry Unconscious, the, see Psychoanalytic Commission), 6-7, 8, 42, 48 movement Tawney, R. H., 225, 228 Underhill, Evelyn, 172 Teachers and pupils, relationship UNESCO, 233, 236-7 between, xvi, 344, 349-5 2 Uniforms, abolition of, see Dress reform at Abbotsholme, 12, 33, 246 Universities : influence on public at King Alfred's, 28, 33 schools, 11 at Bedales, 3 3 Unwin, Sir Stanley, 265 n. at Clayesmore, 3 3 Uppingham School, 6 at Badminton, 46, 49 Urban, Carl, 212 at Wickersdorf, 68 Urban, Eleanor, 211-12 at Wennington, 216 See also Community ideal ; Discip Village schools in India, 129-30. See line ; Freedom ; Self-government also Dartington Teachers' College, Columbia University, Volkov, Dr. Peggy, 228 131-2, 134. 135 Voluntary attendance at lessons Teaching apparatus and equipment at Beacon Hill, 15 2 in Montessori schools, So at Summerhill, 289 at Malting House, 122-3 See also Discipline; Freedom at Beacon Hill, 1 5o Teaching machines, 167 Wallis, Mrs. Isabel White, 27 Temple, Frederick, Archbishop, 6 Wallon, Henri, 225, 229 Temple, William, Archbishop, 188, 204 Wandervogel, 69-70, 186 Tensions Project (N.E.F.), 237 Washburne, Carlton, 175, 225 Theosophical Educational Trust, 30, 36, Waugh, Alec, 347 57-9, 61-3, s3, 217-18 Weaver, H. Baillie-, see Baillie-Weaver Theosophical Fraternity in Education, Weltbund fiir Erneuerung der Erziehung, 30, 54-7, 83, 171, 219 see New Education Fellowship Theosophical schools, 16-64 Wennington School, 2ro-r6, 348, 357 listed, 58 'recognized as efficient', 307 Theosophical Society, 157-8 growth rate, 311 Theosophists and education, J0-64, fees, 316 154. 219, 238 See also Barnes, K. 410 The Educational Innovators Werdende Zeitalter, Das, 74, 220, 223 Wills, Gilbert Alan Hamilton, Io6 9, 252 What Is and What Might Be (E. Holmes), Wilson, Rev. James, of Clifton, 54 2 53 Whitehead, Alfred North, xv, I42 Winchester College, 5-6, I97, 305 at Whitehouse, George, 97 Women, influence in education: Whitehouse, John Howard, 97-IOJ. See Bedales, I5, 26o also Bembridge Woods, Alice, 54 White Wallis, Mrs. Isabel, see Wallis Workers' Educational Association, Whitman, Walt, 9, 25 I II7 New Whitney, Dorothy, see Elmhirst World Education Fellowship, see Wickersdorf, 68 Education Fellowship Wicksteed, Joseph H., 99, 30-I, 278 Wyneken, Gustav, 68 See als Wicksteed, Philip, 30 Wynstones school, I6o, 3o6n. Wigton School, 40. See also Quaker Steiner Schools schools Wilkinson, F., 20I-2 Young, Geoffrey Winthrop, I88 Williams, Dr., of Dartington, I 3 5 Wills, David, 2IO Wills, F. Noel Hamilton, xv, I04, Io6- Zilliacus, Laurin, 230 I07, I09 Zuberbuhler, Werner, 68-9