THE JERUSALEM TALMUD FIRST ORDER: ZERAIM TRACTATES TERUMOT AND MA'SEROT

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FORSCHUNGEN ZUR WISSENSCHAFT DES JUDENTUMS

HERAUSGEGEBEN VON E. L. EHRLICH

BAND XXI

WALTER DE GRUYTER · BERLIN · NEW YORK 2002 THE JERUSALEM TALMUD Ή^ίτ τΐίΛη

FIRST ORDER: ZERAIM Π',ΙΓΙΪ Π0 TRACTATES TERUMOT AND MA'SEROT ΓτηελΡΏΐ niQnn rnooü

EDITION, TRANSLATION, AND COMMENTARY

BY HEINRICH W. GUGGENHEIMER

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www.degruyter.com www.degruyter.com Preface

The present volume is the fourth in a series of five volumes covering the first order of the Jerusalem Talmud. The principles of the edition regarding text, vocalization and Commentary have been spelled out in detail in the Introduction to the first volume. The text is based on the editio princeps and, where that text is manifestly corrupt, on manuscript readings. There are no emendations.

The extensive commentary is not based on emendations. Biographical notes have been attached to the names of those personalities not already mentioned in the previous volumes.

Again I wish to thank my wife, Dr. Eva Guggenheimer, who acted as critic, style editor, proof reader, and expert on the Latin and Greek vocabulary. Her own notes on some possible Latin and Greek etymologies are identified by (E. G.).

For ease of study, the text in the present edition has been subdivided into paragraphs and vocalized following the rules of Sephardic rabbinic Hebrew. This is intended as a help for reading and understanding the text, not as a reconstruction of the unrecoverable rabbinic pronunciation at the time of the composition of the Yerushalmi. Genizah fragments show that the text of the existing manuscripts has been VI PREFACE partially adapted to Babylonian patterns. The vocalization of the Mishnah, which represents a different and better known development of the

Hebrew language, in general follows the text of H. Yallon. As noted before, the main Amoraic language of the Yerushalmi is Aramaized

Hebrew. While Y. Kutscher has traced the disappearance of the gutturals back to Hasmonean times, it is known that in the academy of Rebbi, the center responsible for the edition of the Mishnah, one insisted on a clear distinction between gutturals (Babli Megillah 24b). The total disappearance of the gutturals, where there is no difference in sound between "inn (wine), nan (donkey), ID» (wool), and "löX (lamb), is given as characteristic of uneducated Galileans in Babli Erubin 53b and confirmed by the Yerushalmi source Sir rabba on Cant. 2:4, which notes that for the uneducated, nanx (love) and Π2'Χ (jealousy) sound the same. The Babli

(Sanhedrin 27b) declares the Samaritans to be uneducated; the particular example is confirmed by Z. Ben Hayyim1. Since the elimination of gutturals was explicitly rejected by the Amoraim, it must be assumed that their speech, while based on rudimentary grammar, rejected the substandard pronunciation recoverable from contemporary Greek and

Latin transcriptions of biblical texts.

1 Z. Ben-Hayyim, The literary and oral traditions of Hebrew and Aramaic amongst the Samaritans. Vol. III/l, Recitation of the Law, Jerusalem 1961. See on

Deut. 6:5.