GIS Based Assessment of Pelma Sub-Watershed East Rukum
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GIS BASED ASSESSMENT OF PELMA SUB-WATERSHED EAST RUKUM Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests & Environment Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Area (ASHA Project) Published By Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project ASHA Project Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal Kathmandu Nepal Copyright© 2018 Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project All rights reserved. Published 2018 Report Prepared by, District Project Coordination Unit, Rukum The ASHA Project District GIS and Spatial Planning Unit, Rukum. The Authors & Contributors Mr. Dil Kumar Rai (District GIS Specialist) Mr. Furbe Lama (District Climate Change Specialist) Review team Mr. Shrikanta Adhikari (Agriculture Specialist & Acting Technical Team Leader) Mr. Deepak Bahadur Chand (Forestry Specialist) Citation: Please cite this report as: Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas Project 2018. GIS Based Assessment of Pelma Sub-Watershed East Rukum. Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas Project, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal. Acknowledgements The greatest gratitude goes to the Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment, Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project, Project Coordination Unit-Hattisar, Kathmandu and Technical Support Unit- Surkhet for the valuable technical support to accomplish Pelma Sub-watershed Assessment Report. The Geo-spatial team express appreciation to District Project Coordination Unit Rukum for the coordination support and International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) for imparting technical suggestion for conducting this assessment. Special thanks also go to the district level government line agencies, particularly District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture Development Office, District Livestock Service Office, District Women Development Office, Office of District Coordination Committee and District Education Office and their officers for their cooperation during data collection. We would also like to thank individual experts and representatives of various NGOs and local people who generously provided their valuable information and suggestions for this assessment. ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASHA Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas CC Climate Change CCA Climate Change Adaptation CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CFUGs Community Forest User Group GIS Geographic Information System GoN Government of Nepal ICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain Development IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development INGO International Non-governmental Organization IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LAPA Local Adaptation Plans for Action LRMP Land Resource Mapping Project LULC Landuse & Landcover MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MoFSC Ministry of Forests & Soil Conservation NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NGO Non-governmental Organization RS Remote Sensing RUSLE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction VDC Village Development Committee iii Tables of Content Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................................... ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... iii Tables of Content ............................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Objective ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 3. Study Area ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1 Collection and Analysis of Secondary Data .................................................................................................. 3 4.2 Collection and Analysis of Primary Data ....................................................................................................... 3 4.3 Spatial Analyses .................................................................................................................................................... 3 5. Bio-Physical Condition Assessment ....................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Trends in Land Use/Land Cover Change in Pelma Sub Watershed (1997-2017) .............................. 5 5.2 Estimation of Soil Erosion Loss Dynamics (1997-2017) ............................................................................. 7 5.3 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Forest Fire (2000-2017). .................................................................. 8 5.4 Land Use Adjustment ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Table 3: Land use Adjustment in the Pelma Sub Watershed of Puthauttarganga Rural Municipality. ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Table 4: Land use Adjustment in the Pelma Sub Watershed of Puthauttarganga Rural Municipality. ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 5.5 Landslide Distribution ....................................................................................................................................... 14 6. Upstream and Downstream Linkages ................................................................................................................. 17 7. Socio-Economic Condition Assessment ............................................................................................................. 19 7.1 Demography ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 7.2 Caste and Ethnic Distribution ........................................................................................................................ 20 7.3 Literacy Status ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 7.4 Gender Relation .................................................................................................................................................. 21 7.5 Usual fuel for cooking ....................................................................................................................................... 21 iv 7.6 Main source of drinking water ...................................................................................................................... 22 7.7 Economically active population .................................................................................................................... 22 8. Rukum District VDCs & Pelma Sub-Watershed Climatic Vulnerability ................................................... 23 9. Drivers of Pelma Sub Watershed Degradation. .............................................................................................. 25 9.1 Unscientific cultivation ...................................................................................................................................... 26 9.2 Destruction of natural vegetation and deforestation ............................................................................ 26 9.3 Erosion and landslide: ....................................................................................................................................... 27 10. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................. 28 11. Action Plan- Puthauttarganga ............................................................................................................................ 39 11.1 Action Plan Puthauttarganga Rural Municipality Ward No 1 .............................................................. 39 11.2 Action Plan- Puthauttarganga Rural Municipality Ward No 2. ......................................................... 43 11.3 Action Plan- Puthauttarganga Rural Municipality Ward No 5 .......................................................... 46 References ......................................................................................................................................................................