1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6155 of total industry sales. And nearly 65 Nor is the industry content to stand In my State of West Virginia, there percent of the industry's plants employ still. Last year, according to U.S. Gov­ are 41 establishments employing 40,577 less than 20 people each. In all, ·some ernment figures, the chemical industry people; with an annual payroll of $256,- 830,000 men and women are employed in spent more than $1 ½ billion on new 738,000. West Virginia ranks 12th in America's chemical industry. plants and equipment. the chemical manufacturing industry.

ing was repeated despite Israel's com­ Harrison, Va. Macdonald Rousselot HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Harvey, Mich. Michel St. Germain plaints to U.N. truce supervisors. Healey Miller, Schwengel The U.S. delegation to the U.N. pressed Hebert George P. Scott TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1962 vigorously for a one-sided vote of censure Hoffman, Ill. Moulder Selden Hoffman, Mich. Murphy Shelley The House met at 12 o'clock noon. in the face of disputed testimony by Holifield Nedzi Smith, Miss. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, Maj. Gen. Carl C. Von Horn, Chief of Huddleston Nix Spence D.D., offered the following prayer: Staff of the U.N. Truce Supervision Or­ Jarman O'Brien, Ill. Steed ganization, regarding the presence of Jennings Patman Thompson, N.J. Jones, Ala. Powell Van Pelt Micah 7: 7: Therefore I will look unto Syrian fortifications along the Israel­ Kee Pucinski Walter the Lord; my God will hear me. Syrian frontier. Kelly Rains Whitten O Thou who canst lift us out of weak­ Israel has presented facts to indicate Kitchin Rhodes, Ariz. Wilson, Ind. Kluczynski Roberts, Ala. Yates ness into power and out of weariness into a heavy buildup of Soviet-made weapons Lankford Roosevelt Zelenko peace, may we daily be blessed with the by Syrian forces along the frontier area L'. bonati Rostenkowski faith that will make us faithful. which gives rise to a question of alternate Grant that we may seek diligently and The SPEAKER. Three hundred and Syrian intentions against Israel. fifty-seven members have answered to covet earnestly Thy divine wisdom and The unilateral condemnation of Israel their names, a quorum. strength for the duties and responsibili­ leaves unpunished Syria's hostile ac­ ties of our high calling. By unanimous consent further pro­ tions, and could serve as an open invita­ ceedings under the call were dispensed Inspire us with devotion and dedica­ tion to Syria to resume its harassment with. tion to that which is noble and true in of Israel shipping. It can only lead to order that we may have within our hearts a further aggravation of an already the throb and thrill of Thy joy which the tense situation. REGULATION OF TEXTILE IMPORTS world cannot give or take away. The United States has repeatedly and Mr. ELLIOT!'. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ Endow us with that magnanimous and firmly expressed its support and deep tion of the Committee on Rules, I call up sacrificial spirit of our Saviour who nev­ commitment to an effective peace in the House Resolution 589 and ask for its er spared Himself in the great mission of Middle East. immediate consideration. giving to needy humanity the morning Therefore, I am today introducing a The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ wonder and glory of a new day. resolution requesting the Secretary of lows: Hear us in His name. Amen. State to furnish to the House of Rep­ Resolved, That upon the adoption of this resentatives, at the earliest practicable resolution it shall be in order to move that date, full and complete information with the House resolve itself into the Committee THE JOURNAL respect to the motivation, and underly­ of the Whole House on the State of the The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ ing reasons, for the sponsorship by this Union for the consideration of the bill (H.R. terday was read and approved. country and support before the Security 10788) to amend section 204 of the Agri­ Council of the U.N. of the censure of cultural Act of 1956. After general debate, Israel which occurred on April 9, 1962. which shall be confined to the bill, and shall MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE continue not to exceed one hour, to be equally divided and controlled by the chair­ A message from the Senate by Mr. man and ranking minqrity member of the McGown, one of its clerks, announced COMMITI'EE ON INTERIOR AND Committee on Agriculture, the bil: shall be that the Senate disagrees to the amend­ INSULAR AFFAffiS read for amendment under the five-minute ments of the House to the bill (S. 205) Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, rule. At the conclusion of the consideration of the bill for amendment, the Committee entitled "An act to expedite the utiliza­ I ask unanimous consent that the Com­ shall rise and report the bill to the House tion of television transmission facilities mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs with such amendments as may have been in our public schools and colleges, and in be permitted to sit this afternoon during adopted, and the previous question shall be adult training programs," agrees to the general debate. considered as ordered on the bill and amend­ conference requested by the House on The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ments thereto to final passage without inter­ the disagreeing votes of the two Houses the request of the gentleman from vening motion except one motion to recom­ thereon, and appoints Mr. MAGNUSON, Texas? mit. Mr. PASTORE, Mr. MONRONEY, Mr. COT­ There was no objection. Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I yield TON, and Mr. CASE of New Jersey to be myself such time as I may require, after the conferees on the part of the Senate. which I will yield 30 minutes to the gen­ CALL OF THE HOUSE tleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN]. Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, I make the Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 589 CENSURE OF ISRAEL point of order that a quorum is not calls up for consideration H.R. 10788, a Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask present. bill which amends section 204 of the Agri­ unanimous consent to address the The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum cultural Act of 1956. This bill comes be­ House for 1 minute and to revise and is not present. fore the House under an open rule with extend my remarks. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a 1 hour of general debate. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to call of the House. Section 204 of the Agricultural Act au­ the request of the gentleman from New A call of the House was ordered. thorizes the President to negotiate York? The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ agreements with foreign governments There was no objection. lowing Members failed to answer to their providing for limitation of imports of Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, the names: any agricultural commodity or products, Security Council of the United Nations [Roll No. 63) including textiles or textile products. has voted to censure Israel for its part Anderson, Ill. Cahill Dingell Section 204 also authorizes the Presi­ in last month's Lake Tiberius incident Andrews Casey Dooley dent to issue regulations implementing on the basis of a U.S. introduced and Anfuso Celler Dowdy those import agreements. Barrett Chelf Dwyer actively supported resolution. Batun Church Fascell But before discussing the details of the This resolution was introduced despite Blitch Coad Finnegan amendment to this section, let me sketch Boykin Collier Flynt briefly the background of the problem clear evidence that Syrian guns had fired Breeding Curtis, Mass. Fulton first upon Israel shipping in clearly rec­ Brewster Dawson Gavin with which the bill deals; namely, the ognized Israel waters and that the shoot- Buckley Derwinski Grant rise in cotton textile imports. 6156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 During the 4-year period from 1934 to H.R. 10788, the bill called up under CALL OF THE HOUSE 1938, cotton textile imports into the this rule, would give the President the · Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I make the United States from all sources averaged authority to protect the agreement point of order that· a quorum is not $39.7 million annually. In 1954 the total against the small minority of textile ex­ present. was $76.2 million. In 1955 the figure was porting countries who are not partici­ The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum $123.8 million. pants. Conceivably, the beneficial effects is not present. By 1960, the value of cotton textile of this long-sought agreement could be Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I move imports has reached $253 .5 million, or nullified without this bill. a call of the House. more than a quarter of a billion dollars. The bill is simple and it merely adds A call of the House was ordered. During this period I have just covered to section 204 the following language: The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ there was a considerable chang·e, of In addition, if a multilateral agreement lowing Members failed to answer to course, in the value of the dollar. But has been or shall be concluded under the their names: even in terms of what the economists authority of this section among countries [Roll No. 64] call constant dollars, the imports more accounting for a significant part of world Anderson, Ill. Flynt Murphy than quadrupled from 1934-38 to 1960. trade in the articles with respect to which Andrews Fulton Nedzi And, what is more of a danger signal, the agreement was concluded, the President Anfuso Gavin Nix may also issue, in order to carry out such an Auchincloss Grant O'Brien, Ill. in 1960, for the first time in 45 years, agreement, regulations governing the entry Barrett Hansen Patman U.S. imports of cotton prC'ducts exceeded Battin Harding Pfost or withdrawal from warehouse of the same Blitch Harrison, Va. Philbin exports. articles which are products of countries not Boykin Harsha Powell Stated another way, in terms of raw parties to the agreement. Breeding Harvey, Micb. Pucinsk1 cotton, the quantity of manufactured Brewster Healey Rains products coming into the United States Mr. Speaker, I commend the distin­ Buckley Hebert Rhodes, Ariz. guished Committee on Agriculture, and Cah111 Hoffman, Ill. Roberts, Ala. increased more than five times in the 6 Cannon Hoffman, Mich. Roosevelt years ending in 1960. Imports of cotton its able and distinguished chairman, Mr. Casey Huddleston Rosenthal manufactures that year were 573,000 CooLEY, for its fine work on behalf of Celler Jarman Rostenkowski the cotton and textile industry. Chelf Jennings St. Germain bales, as compared with 101,000 in 1954. Church Jones, Ala. Schwengel This trend that I have been discussing Mr. Speaker, the cotton industry, em­ Coad Kastenme.ier Scott has taken its toll on cotton farmers, bracing as it does, cotton growers, textile Collier Kee Selden workers, and millowners and mar,tagers, Colmer Kelly Shelley textile workers, and on textile manage­ Curtis, Mass. Kitchin Smith, Miss. ment alike. deserves to have this legislation passed Dawson Kluczynski Spence as a matter of equity and justice. Derwinski Lankford Staggers Realizing the complex and very serious Diggs Libonati Teague, Tex. problems facing the cotton and textile I urge adoption of House Resolution Dingell McCulloch Thompson, N.J . industry, President !:Cennedy on May 2 589. Donohue Madden Van Pelt Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the Dooley Michel Walter of last year announced a seven-point Dowdy Miller, Whitten program dealing with the import gentleman yield? Downing George P. Wilson, Ind. problem. Mr. ELLIOTT. I yield to the gentle­ Dwyer Moeller Yates man from Iowa. Fallon Morrison Point 6 of that program called for the Fascell Moulder Department of State to arrange a con­ Mr. GROSS. Will the gentleman tell ference with the principal textile im­ me why this bill is limited to cotton and The SPEAKER. Three hundred and porting and exporting countries to seek cotton textiles when there are many forty-four Members have answered to an international agreement under which other industries that are just as seri­ their names, a quorum. trade in cotton textiles could be con­ ously affected by imports as is cotton By unanimous consent, further pro­ trolled. That meeting was held in Ge­ and the cotton industry? ceedings under the call were dispensed neva, Switzerland, last July and the re­ Mr. ELLIOTT. I will say to the gen­ with. sult was a 1-year agreement which lasts tleman that I think it might be better until September 30, 1962. The Presi­ that his question be directed to a mem­ REGULATION OF TEXTILE dent's authority for enforcement, insofar ber of the legislative committee that as the participating countries are con­ had the bill under its jurisdiction. This IMPORTS cerned, is section 204 of the Agricultural bill deals with the cotton and textile in­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Act of 1956. dustries. · Perhaps there should be other Ohio [Mr. BROWN] is recognized. At a meeting in Geneva of the Cotton bills dealing with other industries. Mr. BROWN. Mr. Speaker, to resume Textile Committee of the General Agree­ Mr. BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I yield the remarks I was making at the time ment on Tariffs and Trade, the repre­ myself 15 minutes. a quorum call proceedings interrupted sentatives of 19 nations concluded a Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from me, let me say, I have been gravely con­ long-term cotton textile arrangement. Alabama [Mr. ELLIOTT], a member of cerned over the arrangement which has This arrangement is for a period of 5 the Committee on Rules, has adequa.tely been in effect some time under which years beginning October 1, 1962, replac­ explained the provisions of this rule, so we were selling our Government-owned ing the current agreement. Under terms I shall not discuss them further at this surplus cotton to textile manufacturers of the new agreement, the United States time. Instead, I would like to discuss in foreign countries for 8½ cents a or any other nation threatened by this legislation and its background, if I pound less than American manufactur­ market disruption in textiles, or any cat­ may. ers of textiles could purchase the same egory thereof, may freeze imports for 1 In the beginning may I say that as cotton here at home. year at the level of the first 12 of the one who has always believed that some I have always believed that was preceding 15 months. If this disrup­ tariffs and export duties were necessary wrong-I still believe it to be wrong, and tion condition continues, the freeze may in order to protect American industry it is my understanding that this legisla­ be extended for yet another year. Fol­ and labor from unfair foreign competi­ tion is designed to help correct that lowing that, increases in imports are tion; as one who has consistently voted situation. confined to 5 percent a year. against the extension of the so-called I have noticed throughout the years The countries which participate in .Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, which under the Reciprocal Trade Agreements this new agreement cover 90 percent of is not reciprocal in any sense of the Act that quite too often, and I believe it includes the cotton textile industry, the free world trade in cotton textiles. word, and under which we have seen a that when some injured or aggrieved in­ The President of the United States has great many industries and a great deal dustry complained and asked for relief .authority under section 204 to issue reg- of American labor injured as the result from the Tariff Commission from certain ulations to implement this agreement of agreements made under that act; and agreements that had been made with as far as participants are concerned. as one who has watched with alarm foreign countries relative to the importa­ But he does not now have the authority and concern the arrangement that was tion of foreign products that quite often to prevent countries which account for made some __ time ago to permit certain the Tariff Commission would grant the the balance of world cotton trade from foreign countries to purchase surplus relief requested, and then the matter interfering with the new agreement. owned-' - would go to the President. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6157 As I understand it, usually upon the It was reported out of the. Committee Department, does the gentleman think it advice and cowisel of the Department of on Agriculture on March 27, after would be unfair for the endorsers of this State, the rulings or the decisions of the some very short hearings which were legislation that they might be called Tariff Commission would be set aside, held on March 22. It just happens, you isolationists? and you all know the effect. It was know, that while this bill was reported Mr. BROWN. I do not know. But usually done upon the proposition, or on the 27th, the so-called administra­ they might be accused of being follow­ upon the basis, or under the argument, tion-sponsored tax bill came to the floor ers of William McKinley. that to take such action to protect of the House on the 28th of March. Mr. GROSS. He was known as an American labor and industry might I have read with a great deal of inter­ isolationist, was he not? make some foreign country, some foreign est--it was just a sort of happenstance Mr. BROWN. I would not say exactly government, some foreign manufacturer of course, but a peculiar sort of situa­ that, because he did do a few things unhappy, perhaps even angry at the tion-that in the report the Assistant which were not in tr.at direction, but United States, and that the people of Secretary of State for the Acting Secre­ he did put the best interests of this that foreign country would no longer tary of State, on page 3 of the report, Republic ahead of those of other coun­ love us, as some seemingly think we must under date of March 22, suddenly re­ tries. Rather peculiarly, I also under­ make everyone do, rather than to re­ versed the position that had been taken stand that some of the opposition from spect us. by the State Department for so many some of the Members from the oil States So I can understand fully why, a few years, by our Federal Government, by to the tax bill may have disappeared months ago, under the leadership of the administration, by the White House, after some similar understandings were that very skilled parliamentarian and and came out for a protective tariff reached as to what might be done legislative tactician, the gentleman from on cotton textiles. Believe it or not, that relative to the importation of foreign Georgia, Mr. VINSON, Members of this is the old McKinley doctrine. If you re­ oil into this country. But I do not know; body from the cotton-producing States, member, sometimes some of us who want I cannot say that any deal has been from the States that have great cotton to protect American industry and labor made. Oh, I hate to think anyone would textile industries located in them, or­ from unfair foreign competition are resort to dealing in politics, dealing for ganized to endeavor to see what could be called McKinleyites because we are for votes, but I do say that somehow or done to relieve them of this unfair for­ needed protective tariffs. It is very other a great many votes were eign competition arrangement, so as to peculiar, it is quite different, of course. changed on one side of the aisle very protect the textile industries here in this But suddenly, one week before the new suddenly. I do say I have had a num­ country. That occurred, of course, tax bill that the administration spon­ ber of Members of this body tell me about the time, if my memory serves me sored came to the floor for consideration they had been approached to change correctly, the President was sending to the State Department, through the As­ their position on the tax legislation be­ the Congress a message on foreign trade sistant Secretary of State speaking for cause of the sudden and urgent re­ in which he was requesting, in spite of the Secretary of State, comes out and quest from certain interests in their the fact that under the reciprocal trade endorses this protective tariff bill. The section of the country. So all of this agreements we had on the average re­ administration now says ''you must en­ is rather peculiar, is it not, if you just duced import duties and tariffs on for­ act this legislation in order to give proper check the dates and the actions that eign products coming into this country protection to the cotton textile industry." have been taken all around on this legis­ by about 75 percent, that Congress give Rather peculiar, is it not, that the re­ lation now before us. The charges are him authority to reduce tariffs by an­ port on this bill was ordered printed still going out over the grapevine tele­ other 50 percent, and in some instances on March 27 just the day before the tax graph that deals have been made to get a to eliminate them entirely. So it has bill was called up. Just a happenstance, great block of votes for certain admin­ been quite a coincidence that a peculiar of course, just a peculiar coincidence, but istration bills in return for administra­ situation has developed here recently in they tell me that on that same morning tion support for this cotton textile bill. connection with this legislation. So, all of the 28th, and on the morning of the I did not sit in on any conferences which of a sudden, after this a great protest 29th, and all day long both days, when may have been held. B~t. I do want to swelled up-and I think rightfully so­ the tax bill was before the House, there congratulate the very able and dis­ under the leadership of the gentleman were a great many telephone calls from tinguished parliamentary leader, the old from Georgia, against what was being the Southland. So many, I understand, veteran of this House, the gentleman done to the textile industry as a result of the phone companies may pay an extra from Georgia [Mr. VINSON], for again such unfair foreign competition, under dividend because of the business gener­ doing an effective job of gaining his this arrangement whereby American ated by certain leaders in the textile in­ way in obtaining proper protection, as Government-owned surplus cotton could dustry and in the cotton-producing sec­ he believes it, I am sure, for· the textile be purchased by foreign manufacturers tions of that part of the country, calling industries in his own section of the at 8 ½ cents a pound less than the Members of Congress, to them to vote for country. American manufacturers could purchase the new tax bill because "we have leg­ May I express the hope, whenever we the same cotton here in this country. islation pending in which we are greatly get to the place it may be necessary As a result of all this, somehow or interested. We are sure we will have for some of us in the minority to ask other, the administration began to take administration support for that legisla­ for proper protection from unfair for­ a great interest in the cotton textile in­ tion." Of course they were referring to eign competition for our own industries dustry, and the problem was taken up by this bill now before us. in our own sections of the country, that GATT at Geneva. I have seen and read I cannot say whether all of those we may have the same united support with a great deal of interest the reports things are exactly so or not, but they from the gentlemen on the right-hand made by our own departments here as to fit into a pattern, do they not, a peculiar side of the aisle that the gentleman from just what was said and done there. pattern? Just a happenstance, of course Georgia has. been able to get in connec­ Rather peculiarly, if the information I that these events all fall in line, one after tion with this whole matter. receive is correct, the reports we get of the other, like dominoes which fall over Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the what went on at GA TT, as to the agree­ when you push them. Of course all we gentleman yield? ment that was made with some 18 for­ have to do is to look at the RECORD of Mr. BROWN. I yield to the gentleman eign countries making textiles that come March 28 and 29 to see how effective this in such increased volume into this coun­ type of activity had been to influence an­ from Iowa. try, have not been exactly the same, in other legislative decision, and to help Mr. GROSS. Well, this bill did not wording, intent, or purpose, as the mold House action. take a trip to the rose garden, did it? claimed understanding of the other na­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. BROWN. I am not sure who has tions that participated in that Con- gentleman yield? been in the rose garden, but this bill ference. Mr. BROWN. I yield to the gentleman has not come out smelling like a rose. But that is not all. Some other pecu­ from Iowa. Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. liar situations have also developed. This Mr. GROSS. If we pass this New Speaker, will the gentleman yield? bill came in, as you know, with adminis­ Frontier bill, evidently it has the blessing Mr. BROWN. I yield to the gentle­ tration support, on March 15. of the White House as well as the State man from Michigan. 6158 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE April 10 Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. The ments were being made. I have tried to Means Committee hearings what sort of gentleman knows that there are many trace back the legislative history. Let procedures there were under section 204. other commodities besides textiles that me say this: This House never debated He could not tell me. I said theri, "Can are being adversely affected by unfair section 20~. It was- put in on the Senate you tell me what procedure the textile tariff rates under the Reciprocal Trade side. An amendment came back on this industry followed in having their case Agreements Act, and that the House in conference. I have just been looking heard, and not having that of lead and Committee on Ways and Means is pres- at the conference report, and it was not zinc or any of these other industries, as ently considering that whole problem. even called to the attention of the House well as the labor unions which are af- Why, if what the gentleman says is in the conference report. fected. true, has this particular commodity been Mr. Speaker, I tried to determine what Gentlemen this is one of the worst singled out? legislative history there might have been pieces of legislation, section 204, I have Mr. BROWN. The gentleman will on this on the floor of the Senate. Ap- seen in my 12 years in the Congress. have to judge that for himself, if he parently none. This is a very important It is about as serious a thing to the looks at the record a bit but he may and serious piece of legislation. It ought future of this country as I can think of; determine there was quite a change in . to have thorough hearings. The hear- and I am shocked to find that Secretary position on trade policies made very re- ings were available 10 minutes before Hodges says that it has the approval of cently, at a very strategic moment, as we took the floor of the House today. this administration. far as certain legislation before this The report, incidentally, was just avail- Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, will the House has been concerned. able at the time of the request for. a gentleman yield? Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the rule. As has been pointed out by the Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I yield to gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CURTIS]. gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN], the the gentleman from New York. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak- thing was thought up beginning on Mr. LINDSAY. Did I understand the er, I am opposed to this rule because March 9, 1962, because it was found out gentleman correctly that when the Sec­ this bill has not received proper consid- that the President, after conducting retary of Commerce was testifying be­ eration and, as a matter of fact, this these negotiations in Geneva and mak- for the Ways and Means Committee in whole issue-and this is a very broad ing this deal-long term, I might re- · behalf of the administration's reciprocal and important issue-is presently before mind my colleagues-he found out he trade bill he confessed that he did not the Committee on Ways and Means. did not have the necessary authority. even know that his own Department had Secretary of Commerce Hodges wastes- So, having done it, he has come in here sent this letter that appears in the ·com­ tifying before us just this morning, and to the Congress to get authority which mittee report, endorsing this piece of we will go back this afternoon and get he did not have at the time. 'l'his I profectionist legislation before us? further testimony from him. He made submit is very bad legislation, and we Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. That is the statement at the time that the rea- should not even consider it. what his testimony was just about an son he did not state anything about this This matter ought to be gone into by hour ago. And frankly, I was shocke~. in his March 12 testimony before the this House very thoroughly, or through because he said he did not know and Committee on Ways and Means was that the committee of the House to which the that is why he had not gone into it with he did not know about it. His attention jurisdiction is assigned. Actually, this the Ways an_d Means Committee. Then was called to the Department of Com- jurisdiction is that of the Ways and the gentleman from Wisconsin IMr. merce letter in the committee report . Means Committee, and I do not think BYRNES] was interrogating him and dated March 9. The whole section 204 there is anyone here who would deny . pointed out the date of the Com­ is a very broad one. It does not affect this is so, if they read section 204. merce Department's letter. Granted, just agricultural products; it is anything Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Agri- the Commerce Department's letter was that is made from agricultural products culture only gains jurisdiction of this not signed by Secretary Hodges; it was and it includes textiles, which just does · amendment to section 204 because this signed by_ Edward Gudeman, Acting not mean textiles out of cotton but man- _ was put in an agricultural bill-I again Secretary of Commerce. made fibers. say on the Senate side-without its hav- _ Mr. BYRNES · of Wisconsin. Mr. President Kennedy has said the ing been brought to the attention of the Speaker, will the gentleman yield? , trade legislation now pending before the Members on the House side. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I yield to Ways and Means Committee is one .of Mr. Speaker; if this were not so basi- the gentleman from Wisconsin. · the most important things in setting our cally important to our whole foreign Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. foreign economic policy to come before economics, I would not be so excited as Speaker, I just want to associate myself us in a decade. I agr-ee with him. This I am about it. But this-I again em- with the gentleman from Missouri in the section 204 should be repealed. Cer- phasize-renders meaningless the work remarks that he has made. He is 100 tainly. It certainly-should not be amend- that we are doing in the Ways and percent correct in every respect. · ed to broaden its powers or gut anything Means Committee in trying to spell out Mr. BROWN. Mr; Speaker, I yield 2½ we in the Ways and Means Committee escape clause proceedings, peril points, minutes· to the gentleman from Florida do in this field of reciprocal trade. the defense adjustment section, and so [Mr. CRAMER]. Mr. Speaker, we spelled out very care- forth. We shall get into these trade ad- · Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker I ask fully in that act the peril-point pro- . justment sections of the newly proposed unanimous consent to revise and extend cedures, the escape-clause procedures, bill. All right; I have had a great deal my remarks and to speak out of order. and industries affected by defense. In of sympathy for the textile people. In- The SPEAKER. Is there objection the present bill before the Ways and deed, I still have. But this is govern- to the request of the gentleman from Means Committee some 40 pages deal ment by men, gentlemen. Do the Mem- Florida? with trade adjustments to take care of · bers of the House realize what is going There· was no objection. alleged injury through foreign imports. to happen, and what is happening? An This section 204 makes a joke out of all industry that is affected, whether it is this. What does section 204 say as far glass, pottery, or whatever it is, cannot · LATEST CASTRO PROPOSAL TO EX- as an industry is concerned that has. a come in under the law. It can come in . CHANGE 1,179 POLITICAL PRISON- case to present to present its .case? What only at the discretion of the President- ERS FOR $62 MILLION IS EXAMPLE machinery does it have compared to whoever comes before him. At least in OF CUBAN PRIME MINISTER'S these other techniques? It says, as the escape clause proceedings we tried to . GROWING ARROGANCE-UNITED follows: spell out ~ow_ anyone could com~ in and STATES SHOULD RESIST EFFORTS what their rights were. There are no The P res1 dent may whenever he deter- rights allowed except as the "di"ctator" TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY SUCH mines ~uch action appropriate- PROGRAM 0 in this sense, ·because that is what we F EXTORTION AND How did this ever get into the law? make of the President-unless he says BLACKMAIL Most members of the Ways and Means "yes, I will help the textile people or Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, last May Committee.know nothing about this. In whoever." 17 Fidel Castro made his abortive pro- fact, we asked Secretary Hodges under . Mr. Speaker, I asked Secretary Hodges posal of tractors for prisoners. In an­ what authority these· textile arrange- just a few minutes ago in our Ways and swer to that request by Fidel Castro for 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6159 tribute, suggesting blackmail, proposing to som~thing approximating $62 mil­ to Castro at a time when he is weaken­ that because of the invasion the United lion. Reports have it that either Castro ing, and thus subvert the very cause of States should indemnify Cuba and the gets the ransom, or the prisoners face up freedom for which they indicated their Communists, finally the administration, to 30 years in prison. approval by their willingness to lay down after going along with the proposal, dis­ I must, because of this choice, chal­ their lives. owned it. Now we find this year Fidel lenge the administration to take the only Castro, through a tribunal proposing, not· possible stand-millions for defense but tractors, but Yankee dollars for prison­ not a dime for tribute. REGULATION OF TEXTILE IMPORTS ers; Yankee dollars that are negotiable While we must sympathize with the Mr. BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I yield the and can be spent for more war materiel plight of the prisoners and their fami­ remaining time on this side to the gen­ to help build up the arsenal on this Com­ lies, the elementary fact is that neither tleman from Illinois [Mr. FINDLEY]. munist Cuban island 90 miles from the the United States nor its citizens can Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker to me shores of this country. participate in any such continuing proc­ it seems a shame that so little attention Why my concern about that? It is ess of extortion and blackmail. Once is being given to this bill, with only 1 only because I am concerned not only we rescue the 1,179 lives involved in this hour in which to debate the rule and, with Communist infiltration and growth swap, I fear that Castro will merely clap as I understand it, only 1 hour in which in this hemisphere, but I am concerned an equal number into prison and demand to debate the legislative content of the about our American people, I am con­ another ransom, or at least demand ran­ bill. cerned about the tobacco workers in my som for the estimated 20,000 other pris­ I might add, too, that less than 1 hour district who are being asked to make a oners still languishing in Cuban jails. was devoted to this bill by the Commit­ substantial sacrifice. One thousand of We should not fall for Castro's obvi­ tee on Agriculture. It came to the com­ them are out of work today in order to ous blackmail which, if we acknowledge mittee before noon. I had no advance help to prevent American dollars from the ridiculous judgment of his kangaroo knowledge of it. Maybe my colleagues going to Communist Cuba, to bolster the court, is the resumption of relations with did. The hearings were very brief. Communist regime of Castro, who is in the United States. This time, we have There was very little discussion. The as bad a financial position as he has ever two more sound reasons for refusing to printed hearings, as has been mentioned been and who has got to have American pay tribute--first, the knowledge that he were not available until shortly befor~ dollars to get out of it. But the workers will not kill the prisoners because of the noon today. in my district, these tobacco workers obvious repercussions that would be felt If you will examine the printed hear­ 1,000 of them who are unemployed, and throughout the Western Hemisphere­ ~ngs on the bill you will see that they 5,000 of them will be before not too long, and second, the fact that he may be mclude 23 pages, much of it in very small are asked to make a sacrifice so that down to his last few pesos. type, and they include the text of the Yankee dollars will not go to Fidel Mr. Speaker, I am quite concerned with long-term cotton textile arrangement Castro. They felt that Cuba should be the business of individuals dealing with which this bill is supposed to authorize brought under the embargo provisions of the Cuban Government in such a seri­ the President to conclude. How the the law and the President of the United ous matter, whether under the aegis of Committee on Agriculture could possibly States even went so far as to use the the U.S. Government, or as individuals adequate!y consider this proposal, not Trading With the Enemy Act, on my re­ or committees or what. I am not so sure even havmg at hand the text of. the ar­ quest, to see to it that third nations but what we have a very grave situation rangement the bill was devoted to I would not be able to import cigars into on our hands, since the administration cannot imagine. . ' this country, cigars made from Cuban has apparently given its stamp of ap­ I invite your attention to page 12 of tobacco. proval to negotiation of this latest Cas­ the hearings, section (c). It closes with And the other day the President issued tro scheme by issuing visas to the exiles a very interesting sentence: from Cuba who just this week :flew to an order that money orders could not be If such trade is frustrating the operation mailed to the Cuban people, which had Havana to negotiate for the release of of this arrangement, the participating coun­ amounted to half a million dollars a these prisoners. It seems to me that tries shall consider taking such action as year, in ' order to prevent the drain of negotiations by anyone in the United may be consistent with their law to prevent dollars. Yet we find the administra­ States as to this situation bring up a such frustration. question of possible violation of the Lo­ tion now issuing visas to exiles, to refu­ It seems to me that language like that gees, to permit them to go to Fidel Cas­ gan Act. It further strikes ine that pro­ viding funds to the enemy is a violation should be thoroughly explored by the tro's Cuba and to negotiate the matter of committee before any authority is en­ the payment of over $60 million four of the Trading With the Enemy Act. And since the administration has just acted to carry out such an arrangement. times as much as Fidel Castro ask~d for In my questioning of one of the wit­ in tractors, the last time, in order to invoked the latter in order to finally plug the loophole that allowed Cuban nesses before the committee I raised the provide Castro with the dollars that he question as to whether the President needs to keep communism going in Cuba. products to come into this country via a third country, and because of the actually had authority to enter into bi­ Mr. Speaker, I am unalterably opposed lateral agreements such as entered into to it, as equally opposed as I was when aforementioned action of the Post Of­ fice Department in banning the exchange at Geneva. The witness responded that I introduced House Concurrent Resolu­ the President had multilateral authority tion 322, against tractors for prisoners. of postal money orders between the because the word "government" had an I am opposed to dollars for prisoners, United States and Cuba, it would seem "s" after it; it was plural. particularly when the American people that progress was being made in order to rid this hemisphere of Castroism, but There is still doubt in my mind and are being asked to make a sacrifice in the minds of many people as to in order to keep dollars from going to suddenly the administration again re­ verts to the softness-on-communism ap­ whether this section 204 intended to au­ Fidel Castro and the Communists. thorize simply bilateral arrangements or This is becoming an annual affair. A proach by issuing visas to Cuban exiles dedicated to securing the release of the whether it was to be multilateral. A year ago, Castro asked the equivalent of point like that surely should be clarified $,15 million in exchange for some 1,200 1,179 prisoners. before the Committee on Agriculture llves. Today, he asks for better than Mr. Speaker, the Castro star dims before it is presented to the House. $60 million to save an equal number. more each day, and he is running out of money. Thus, the American people H.R. 9900 would give the President The inescapable conclusion is that Cas­ increased authority to lower trade bar­ tro, by quadrupling the size of the ran­ should take advantage of his growing weaknesses and refuse· to participate in riers by reducing tariffs through multi­ som, merely demonstrates that his ar­ nation cartel deals. Our tariffs are al­ rogance has been multiplied by four. · any such scheme of blackmail, in order Castro says he has 1,179 political pris­ to provide him with sufficient funds to ready so low in relation to the other oners involved in this newest proposi­ keep himself in power and to pay off his free nations that we have very little to tion. For them he asks prices ranging debts to his Communist allies. bargain with. This bill shows the true from $25,000 for the lower ranked ones I do not believe the 1,179 prisoners intent of the administration in develop­ to as much as a half million dollars for would favor this blackmail either, when ing trade policy. Quotas are to be the the so-called leaders, but all adding up the effect is to keep the dollars going -tool for trade control in the future. CVIII--388 '

6160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 This bill would give the President al­ I want to know is-does it do anything That act authorized the President to most unlimited authority. It would deal for my coal miners and pottery workers negotiate international agreements re­ not just with cotton textiles. It would and glassworkers? lating to the export to, and the import deal with any agricultural commodities Mr. DENT. If we pass this legisla­ by the United States of any agricultural or agricultural products as well as tex­ tion, it not only will not do anything for commodity or product manufactured tiles and textile products. That covers your pottery and glass workers, it will do therefrom or textile or textile products. a wide area. something to them. Because it was drafted primarily with This bill deserves more thorough com­ Mr. HAYS. Then I had better vote bilateral agreements in mind, the exist­ mittee action. The rule should be de­ against it; would you not say? ence of necessary power in the Presi­ feated. Mr. DENT. Because this legislation dent with respect to nonparticipants in Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 is relief for the textile people. They de­ a broadly based multilateral agreement minutes to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ serve the very best protection that they is questionable. In both the 1-year cot­ vania [Mr. DENTJ. can get. If anybody here can salve his ton textiles arrangement presently in Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, I do not conscience saying that this is not pro­ force and the long-term cotton textiles want to disillusion anybody, but I am not tectionist legislation, then he has a arrangement, expected to come into so sure the gentleman from Georgia had mighty thin conscience to salve because force with substantially the same par­ everything to do with this proposal be­ you cannot go to a cocktail party in the ticipants on October 1, 1962, provisions cause I read to you now a letter received afternoon as a free trader and get drunk permit the United States to take action on July 20, 1961. That was a little ahead in a common barroom at night as a pro­ to prevent trade with nonparticipants in of the moment when these negotiations tectionist. That is what we are doing. the arrangements from frustrating the started with the House Members and a We are voting protectionist and flying purposes of the arrangements. Since special committee which I attended. the flag of free trade. I have never made countries accounting for 90 percent of This particular document says, and I any bones about it. I am interested in the free world trade in cotton textiles read: the glass workers and I am interested in are participants, the same authority MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.-Textile manufac­ the pottery workers and I am interested which the President has already been turers are now complaining that the U.S. raw in the ceramic tile workers just as you delegated by section 204 should clearly cotton gifts and textile deals with so-called are interested in the textile workers and be extended to nonparticipants to pre­ backward countries is unfair competition and vent the minority of countries which we in America are to blame. just the same as I am interested in your textile workers. I am going to give you choose to stay out of the arrangements Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I make the a vote on the premise that you are going from thereby gaining an advantage over point of order that the House is not in to be just as interested in the workers in the countries which participate in them. order. my district as I am in yours. The enactment of this bill would in­ The SPEAKER. The House will be in volve no additional expenditure by the Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ United States. order. The gentleman from Pennsylva­ tleman yield? The Secretary of Commerce requested nia is recognized. Mr. DENT. I yield to the gentleman Mr. DENT. It is all right. They do the introduction of H.R. 10788, by means from Ohio. of an executive communication to the not want to hear it. Even when I was a Mr. HAYS. You can give them your boy, Mr. GRoss, my father used to say I Speaker of the House. Its enactment vote, but do not vote under the impres­ has been recommended by the Depart­ can talk to you, but if you do not want to sion that they are going to reciprocate. listen, I cannot make you hear me. I ments of State, Agriculture, and Labor. Mr. DENT. It has been the history of It should be noted that the Interagency read further: the reciprocal trade agreements that Hong Kong manufacturers [probably get­ Textile Administrative Committee on they have not, but I have made no agree­ which the Department of Labor is repre­ ting rich at our expense) have Joined the ment. I am depending on their con­ Hong Kong labor unionists in a big howl sented, has studied this bill and has against us because we want to adapt reason­ science. recommended its enactment. able protection against unlimited imports of Mr. BROWN. Mr. Speaker, will the Representatives of producer and tex­ textile which has forced huge losses in the gentleman yield? tile groups appeared at the hearing on United States of Jobs and investments. Mr. DENT. I yield to the gentleman the bill and testified in its support. It The reason I read that to you is to call from Ohio. is particularly significant that there were to your attention what is being done by Mr. BROWN. I want to apologize to no opposition witnesses. this legislation. The textile Members of the gentleman from Pennsylvania for This bill will permit the President to Congress who come from textile States not giving him credit for the effort he has issue regulations which will make the think they are getting something that made to protect American industry and provisions of the agreement relating to they suggested. Well, do not be fooled, labor from unfair foreign competition. cotton textiles effective also against the gentlemen, you are getting exactly what But, does not the gentleman believe that small minority of cotton textile export­ the participating countries in the Geneva the present administration is now fol­ ing countries which are not parties to the agreement demanded. They demanded lowing the same program and the same agreement. In the absence of such au­ that we curtail the imports from the trade policy in this particular instance thority it might be possible for such underdeveloped countries which have as was followed under the protectionist countries, although their exports now been our babies, as it were, in this free theories which obtained during the ad­ constitute only a small portion of the world that we are fighting for because ministration of President McKinley? total, to increase their exports to such an they said they would not sign an agree­ Mr. DENT. Well, under President extent as to nullify the voluntary action ment with us for any length of time McKinley they campaigned under the of the cooperating countries. unless we cut our imports from the un­ program of three P's-peace, prosperity, It is· a form of insurance against the derdeveloped countries where we were and progress. But since that time there undercutting of markets that would have developing textile productivity. Now the have been three P's invoked-pressure: an adverse effect upon world trade. countries that signed this agreement had promise, and purchase. Because textile groups support H.R. to have a promise that we curtail the im­ Mr. BROWN. May I congratulate the 10788, and because there is no expressed ports from these countries and that is all gentleman from Pennsylvania. opposition to the bill, nothing stand., in this does besides legalizing an act which The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ the way of its prompt enactment. I think died in 1958 insofar as the au­ tleman from Pennsylvania has expired. This is legislation that will benefit our thority for this particular action is con­ Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I yield cotton textile industry. cerned. such time as he may require to the gen­ Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. LANE]. 4 minutes to the gentleman from North tleman yield? Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 10788, Carolina [Mr. WHITENER]. Mr. DENT. I yield to the gentleman the regulation of textile imports bill, is Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, I rise from Ohio. designed to close up a dangerous loop­ in support of this rule which makes in Mr. HAYS. I understand this bill does hole in section 204 of the Agricultural order consideration of legislation which something for the textile industry. What Act of 1956. is long overdue. I will not undertake to 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6161 recount again for · my colleagues the The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum NAYS-76 plight of the textile industry; we have is not present. Adair Findley Mason Alger Fino M111er, N.Y. done that on so many occasions. The Doorkeeper will close the doors, Andersen, Ford Minshall Recently at Geneva a multilateral the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Minn. Frelinghuysen Moorehead, agreement resulted. Without this legis­ Ashbrook Glenn Ohio Members, and the Clerk will call the roil Barry Goodell Mosher lation the action taken at Geneva will The question was taken; and there Becker Goodling Nelsen be a nullity, because with all the good were-yeas 264, nays 76, not voting 96, Beermann Griffin Norblad intentions and efforts of the signatories Bell Gross Nygaard to the Geneva agreement we will still as follows: Bennett, Mich. Hall O'Konski Berry Harrison, Wyo. Pelly have this continuing threat of the elim­ [Roll No. 65] Betts Hiestand Pillion ination of textile jobs in America if other YEAS-264 Bolton Johansen Ray nations not parties to that agreement Bray Kilburn Robison Abbitt Granahan Osmers Bromwell Knox Roudebush can unload excessive amounts of textiles Abernethy Gray Ostertag Broomfield Kyl Rousselot upon the American market. Addabbo Green, Oreg. Passman Bruce Laird St. George Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, will the Addonizio Green, Pa. Perkins Byrnes, Wis. Langen Schadeberg Albert Griffiths Peterson Cederberg Latta Schenck gentleman yield for a question? Alexander Gubser Pike Clancy Lindsay Scherer Mr. WHITENER. I yield for a brief Alford Hagan, Ga. Pilcher Curtis, Mo. Lipscomb Shriver question. Arends Hagen, Cali!. Pirnie Dague McCulloch Taber Mr. DENT. Does not this legislation Ashley Haley Poage Derounian McDonough Thomson, Wis. Ashmore Halleck Potf Devine McVey Tollefson mean that we are nullifying the favored­ .Aspinall Halpern Powell Dole MacGregor Utt nation clause insofar as the textile in­ Avery Hardy Price Ellsworth Martin, Nebr. Wilson, Calif. dustry is concerned? Baker Harris Purcell NOT VOTING-96 Baldwin Harvey, Ind. Quie Mr. WHITENER. I may say to the Baring Hays Randall Anderson, Ill. Fulton Nix gentleman that I come from a district Bass,N.H. Hebert Reece Andrews Gavin O'Brien, Ill. which perhaps has more textile em- Bass, Tenn. Hechler Reifel Anfuso Grant O'Hara, DI. Bates Hemphill Reuss Auchincloss Hansen Patman . ployees and more spindles in place than Beckworth Henderson Rhodes, Pa. Ayres Harding Pfost any other congressional district in Belcher Hoeven Riehlman Bailey Harrison, Va. Philbin America. By reason of that I have been Bennett, Fla. Holifield Rivers, Alaska Barrett Harsha Pucinskl Blatnik Holland Rivers, S.C. Battin Harvey, Mich. Rains particularly concerned with the textile Boggs Horan Roberts, Tex. Blitch Healey Rhodes, Ariz. situation. I say to the gentleman from Boland Hosmer Rodino Boykin Herlong Roberts, Ala. Pennsylvania that many of us are ap­ Bolling Hull Rogers, Colo. Breeding Hoffman, Ill. Roosevelt preciative of his efforts of a broader na­ Bonner !chord, Mo. Rogers, Fla. Brewster Hoffman, Mich. Rostenkowskl Bow Inouye Rogers, Tex. Buckley Huddleston St. Germain ture in this problem of imports. I know Brademas Jensen Rooney Cahill Jarman Schwengel something of the travail of the gentle­ Brooks, Tex. Joelson Rosenthal Casey Jennings Scott man from Pennsylvania in the light of Brown Johnson, Calif. Roush Chelf Jones, Ala. Selden Broyhill Johnson, Md. Rutherford Church Kee Shelley some recent occurrences, and certainly Burke,Ky. Johnson, Wis. Ryan, Mich. Coad Kelly Smith, Cali!. have great interest in the position which Burke, Mass. Jonas Ryan, N.Y. Collier Kitchin Smith, Miss. he has taken. I can also say this to the Burleson Jones, Mo. Santangelo Curtis, Mass. Kluczynski Spence Byrne, Pa. Judd Saund Dawson Lankford Springer gentleman. All of us from the textile Cannon Karsten Saylor Derwlnskl Libonati Staggers area have a great appreciation for the Carey Karth Schneebell Diggs Madden Teague, Calif. painstaking effort of the gentleman from Celler Kastenmeier Schweiker Dingell May Thompson, La. Pennsylvania to fully develop for the Chamberlain Kearns Scranton Donohue Meader Thompson, N.J. Chenoweth Keith Seely-Brown Dooley Michel Van Pelt record the facts on this problem of tex­ Chiperfield Keogh Sheppard Dowdy Miller, Walter tile imports as well as of other imports. Clark Kilgore Shipley Dwyer George P. Whitten I think I might say with some accuracy Cohelan King, Calif. Short Fascell Morrison Widnall Colmer King, N.Y. Sibal Finnegan Moulder Wilson, Ind. that the work of the gentleman from Conte King, Utah Sikes Flynt Murphy Yates Pennsylvania and his special subcom­ Cook Kirwan Siler Frazier N edzi mittee has resulted in a more intelligent Cooley Kornegay Sisk So the resolution was agreed to. Corbett Kowalski Slack attitude being taken toward the textile Corman Kunkel Smith, Iowa The Clerk announced the following industry, and I quite agree with our Cramer Landrum Smith, Va. pairs: Cunningham Lane Stafford friend from Pennsylvania that as we Mr. Walter with Mr. Harsha. face these issues in the coming days we Curtin Lennon Steed Daddario Lesinski Stephens Mr. Libonati with Mrs. May. should not be too quick to for get our Daniels Loser Stratton Mr. Morrison with Mr. Rhodes of Arizona. friends who have stood by us as we Davis, McDowell Stubblefield Mr. Donohue with Mr. Ayres. James C. McFall Sullivan fought together to protect the jobs of McIntire Taylor Mr. Philbin with Mr. Widnall. Davis, John W. Mr. Jennings with Mr. Battin. American people. Davis, Tenn. McMillan Teague, Tex. I think it must be said and must be Delaney Mcsween Thomas Mr. Harrison of Virginia with Mr. Harvey admitted that this legislation which we Dent Macdonald Thompson, Tex. of Michigan. Denton Mack Thornberry Mr. Frazier with Mr. Michel. have before us is designed to do that Dominick Magnuson Toll Mr. Brewster with Mr. Curtis of Massa- very thing. It is in a restricted field, I Dorn Mahon Trimble Ma111iard Tuck chusetts. admit. But, my friends, the textile prob­ Downing Mr. Huddleston with Mr. Cahill. Doyle Marshall Tupper lem was the only area in which the Com­ Dulski Martin, Mass. Udall, Morris K. Mr. Dowdy with Mr. Gavin. mittee on Agriculture could have acted, Durno Mathias Ullman Mr. Finnegan with Mr. Van Pelt. because they were amending a section Edmondson Matthews Vanik Mr. O'Brien of Illinois with Mr. Smith of Elliott Merrow Van Zandt California. of the Agricultural Adjustment Act Everett Miller, Clem Vinson M1111ken Waggonner Mr. Murphy with Mr. Hoffman of Illinois. which relates strictly to textiles. I re­ Evins Mr. George P. Miller with Mr. Dooley. gret that it does not include some of these Fallon Mills Wallhauser Farbstein Moeller Watts Mr. O'Hara of Illinois with Mr. Anderson other beleaguered industries for which I Feighan Monagan Weaver of Illinois. have the greatest sympathy. Fenton Montoya. Weis Mr. Yates with Mr. Hoffman of Michigan. Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move Fisher Moore Westland Mr. Bailey with Mr. comer. Flood Moorhead, Pa. Whalley Mr. Kluczynski with Mr. Teague of Cali- the previous question on the resolution. Fogarty Morgan . Wharton The previous question was ordered. Forrester Morris Whitener fornia. The question was taken and the Fountain Morse Wickersham Mrs. Pfost with Mr. Wilson of Indiana. Friedel Moss Williams Mr. Roosevelt with Mr. Springer. Speaker announced that the ayes ap­ Gallagher Multer Willis Mr. Rostenkowski with Mrs. Dwyer. peared to have it. Garland Murray Winstead Mr. St. Germain with Mr. Fulton. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr, Speak- Garmatz Natcher Wright Mr. Dingell with Mr. Auchincloss. Norrell Young er, I object to the vote on the ground Gary Mr. Scott with Mr. Meader. G-athings O'Brien, N.Y. Younger that a quorum is not present and make Giaimo O'Hara, Mich. Zablocki Mr. Kitchin with Mr. Schwengel. the point of order that a quorum is not Gilbert Olsen Zelenko Mr. Chelf with Mr. Derwinski. present. Gonzalez O'Neill Mr. Shelley with Mrs. Church. 6162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 The result of the vote was announced to discuss the details of it further. I do , Mr. McINTIRE. Mr: Chairman, I ask as above recorded. want to say, however, that it is unusual unanimous consent that the gentleman The doors were opened. in that the bill is supported by the De­ from Iowa [Mr. HOEVEN] may extend Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, I move partment of Commerce, by the Secretary his remarks at this point. that the House resolve itself into the of State, by the Secretary of Labor and The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Committee of the Whole House on the by the Secretary of Agriculture. So four to the request of the gentleman from State of the Union for the consideration departments of Government have gone Maine? of the bill (H.R. 10788) to amend sec­ on record as supporting this measure. It There was no objection. tion 204 of the Agricultural Act of 1956. also has the support of the Director of Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Chairman, this bill The motion was agreed to. Foreign Trade· and of the National Cot­ was reported out of the Committee on The Clerk read the title of the bill. ton Council of America, Mr. Read Dunn; Agriculture without a record vote with By unanimous consent, the first read- Mr. Robert C. Jackson, executive vice most members supporting the legislation. ing of the bill was dispensed with. president, American Cotton Manufac­ The purpose of this bill is to augment Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairrr.an, I yield turers Institute; Mr. Stanley Nehmer, the recent international cotton textile myself 3 minutes. · Deputy Director, Office of International agreement made at Geneva, Switzerland, Mr. Chairman, a lot has been said Resources of the Department of State; by our Nation and 18 other cotton-textile about this section of the law which we Hon. Hickman Price, Jr., Assistant Secre­ importing and exporting countries. are trying to amend, section 204. The tary of Commerce; Robert C. Sherman, The bill gives the President the au­ gentlemen who have discussed it ob­ Director, Cotton Division, Foreign Agri­ thority to restrict imports into the viously are not familiar with the history cultural Service, Department of Agricul­ United States from nations which are not of section 204. It was not put in in the ture; William F. Sullivan, president, parties to the Geneva pact. The admin­ Senate. It was put in in conference Northern Textile Association. istration contended that in the absence when the House and Senate members I have a telegram from Robert T. of this legislation nations which are not were conferring on H.R. 12, which was Stevens of the J. T. Stevens Co., also in signatories to the Geneva pact would be later vetoed by President Eisenhower. support of the measure. in a position to nullify the voluntary ac­ I had an amendment :prepared which I I do not recall that there was any tion of the nations that did participate in · submitted in conference myself. opposition to this bill when it was con­ the international agreement. I was prompted to offer the amend­ sidered in the Committee on Agriculture. Apparently there is some inconsist­ ment because a gentleman from Japan Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ ency between this legislation and the was here in the city of Washington and man; wi.11 the gentleman yield? President's recommendations for freer he had knocked on just about every door Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ trade under proposed amendments to the in this great city trying to arrange to man from Missouri. Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951. confer with someone about t~xtile im­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Did the It is argued that this legislation in the ports coming into this country. He went committee give public notice that there context of the Reciprocal Trade bill's from department to department and were gding to be hearings on the bill various escape clauses and exceptions, finally came to my office. I do not know because many people who have testified should not create another significant ex­ who directed him to my office. But before the Committee on Ways and ception to the basic policy of the United when he discussed this problem with me Means in the past 2 or 3 weeks expressed States trading with all friendly nations I assured him of my cooperation, because deep concern against this, including rep­ freely and equitably. he stated to me frankly that he was resentatives of textile workers. · As the committee report indicates, the aware of the fact that they could not Mr. COOLEY. I do not know how Geneva agreement would encompass burden our economy in America by un­ much notice was given but, certainly, some 90 percent ·of the world trade in limited large quantities of textile im­ there was no effort to close the doors of textiles. -In the hearing on this bill the ports into our market. So after dis­ our committee room against anyone who committee did not explore the effect on cussion with him and appreciating the wanted to appear either in support of the 10 percent of the nations who are difficulties which he had encountered, I the bill or in opposition to it. This is not involved in the Geneva pact. brought this amendment to the attention supported by the gentleman from Under the circumstances, I suggest of the conferees and it was adopted, in Georgia, Hon. CARL VINSON, who heads that the committee give its most serious 1956. up the cotton textile committee group consideration to the legislation now be­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ here· in the House of Representatives. fore us. man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I was not Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. COOLEY. I yield. suggesting that the committee was try­ yield myself 7 minutes. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I thank the ing to hide it, but I was simply trying to Mr. Chairman, this legislation would gentleman for throwing light on it. I point out that on a thing as important serve to correct an irregularity implicit think the gentleman would agree that as this is, and this is an important meas­ to section 204 of the Agricultural Act of there is nothing on the subject in the ure, it is important to give public notice 1956, an authority which permits the House first. Am I correct on that? out so that people who are concerned President to enter into short- and long­ Mr. COOLEY. The section was put may know about it. term agreements on imports of textiles into the bill in conference. Mr. COOLEY. I agree with the gentle­ or textile products into the United Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I think man. It is very important. I think this States. there was something in the Senate ver­ is a very important measure because - These agreements are bilateral and, sion. Let me refer to the Senate reports the President must have this authority ·in effect, multilateral in nature, with 18 of the 84th Congress, 2d session, 1956. if he is to be able to protect the in­ such agreements having been arrived at On page 7 it sets out the committee re­ tegrity of the Geneva agreement which with the United States and other coun­ port, Senator ELLENDER's report on the has been signed by 19 nations. I hope tries. It was under this authority that Agricultural Act of 1956. the House passes the bill. President Eisenhower negotiated the Section 204 of that bill, and I can read Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. In other first 5-year quota agreement with Japan it because it is only three lines, says: words, he does have the authority? in 1956. Agreements limiting imports-Section 204: Mr. COOLEY. Certainly. If you read There are, however, about 10 or 15 per­ The President is authorized to negotiate section 204, it says he has the right to cent of the textile-trading countries that agreements with foreign governments ·in an enter into agreements with g9vern­ have not moved forward to become sig­ effort to limit the export to the United States ments-not one government, tut with natories to those agreements negotiated of agricultural commodities or products in­ governments. So this is a multilateral between the United States and other cluding textiles or textile products. agree.ment. I do not think there is any · countries. And, ironically, these minor­ So I imagine your amendment then question about it at all. ity nations-who are important textile­ was in effect in lieu of this section that Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. If ·he does trading countries-would derive benefits was in the Senate bill. not need the authority, then you do not over. and above those enjoyed by the ma­ Mr. COOLEY. I think the gentleman need the bill. jority countries signing agreements with is correct. Mr. COOLEY. This is for the purpose the United States. Unlike the signatory Mr. Chairman, this bill has been fairly of trying to control nations that are not countries they would, for insfance, be well discussed and I shall .not attempt signatories to this agreement. free to operate clear of limitations on 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6163 their textile exports into the signatory Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Is it not true I m,ight raise the happy prospect that countries, including the United States. that we are nailing down here today by one of these days we may have a dif­ This legislation would, then, correct the passage of this bill, and establishing ferent occupant in the White House. an inequity which presently attends the on solid ground a quota system for the Perhaps his attitude on tobacco would program for long-term and short-term textile industry? not favor the present tobacco program. agreements on imports of textiles into Mr. McINTffiE. I think that is a fair, This bill would give any future Presi­ the United states. It would do this by concise statement, and the limitations dent-because there is no time limit­ providing that if a multilateral agree­ under these agreements are very defi­ the authority on his own initiative to ment has been or shall be concluded nitely quota limitations, not only by vol­ work out deals to rig the world market under the section 204 authority, the ume but by category of goods. in tobacco, in wheat, in livestock, in President would be permitted to make Mr. SEELY-BROWN. In the past, any agricultural commodity. applicable to nonsigning countries limi­ year after year, we have been told a quota This bill is actually intended to offset tations on textile imports into the United system could not work, but now we are the disadvantage to American textile States comparable to those in effect for agreeing for the textile industry it can mills caused by the 8 ½ cent per pound those countries that sign agreements work and should work. Is that correct? subsidy on our own raw cotton exports. with this country for a textile trade Mr. McINTffiE. Certainly the con­ That is the root of the trouble. Ameri­ program. text of the agreement would support the can mills must pay 33 cents a pound for Mr. Chairman, last summer and again gentleman's observation. cotton while foreign mills buy the same this winter agreements have been The CHAffiMAN. The time of the American cotton for 24 ½ cents. Thus, reached pertaining to imports of cot­ gentleman from Maine has expired. the action of the Government to sup­ ton textiles into the United States, these Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Chairman, l port cotton prices at an artificial level agreements being scheduled to be in ef­ yield 8 minutes to the gentleman from is the root of the problem. fect until 1967. In addition, the United Illinois [Mr. FINDLEY]. We have been trying to live in a States will, in the future, enter into Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Chairman, I never-never land where we can continue agreements with other countries with would first of all like to direct a question to enjoy the beauties of the competitive relation to imports of wool and man­ to the gentleman from Maine. world market place without accepting made fiber textiles. Is it the gentleman's understanding its inherent rigors and responsibilities. Because H.R. 10788 will act to that the other nations which are parties In the eyes of our friends abroad, sub­ strengthen the textile trade provisions of to the Geneva Agreement have already sidies on exports of American cotton section 204 of the Agricultural Act of agreed to the terms of that agreement? amount to dumping, This is harmful 1956, I strongly urge its approval by the Are they already bound by it or is this to underdeveloped countries whose main House of Representatives. something that is still very indefinite opportunity to earn foreign exchange Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ and very much up in the air? lies in selling agricultural commodities. Mr. McINTmE. I would say to the I raise a question for you to think man, will the gentleman yield? gentleman while I cannot be definite in Mr. McINTIRE. I yield to the gentle­ about. What is the effect of this bill my observation, it is my understanding on our trade relations with the Philip­ man from Missouri. that at the Geneva negotiations a basis Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Section 204, pines, with South American countries, of agreement was reached. In fact, one with the emerging countries of Africa? does it not, also covers more than agri­ might say a format of the details of the cultural products; it covers the wide Our present cotton program-of which agreement was reached. As to the time -this deal is a part-is harmful to Ameri­ range of manufactured products. when the signatures should be on the Mr. McINTIRE. I think it does, and in can processors because they are denied document, it is my understanding they access of lower world prices for raw that context they would be related to ag­ have until October in which to become riculture. materials. signatories of the agreement. It was It heaps a double burden on the con- ~ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. The point I negotiated as a memorandum, but it was want to make is the same question I sumers. · They must pay artificially high to be embodied in the agreement as each ·prices for consumer items and at the asked Secretary of Commerce Hodges individual nation signed. It is generally just 2 hours ago, and it is this: If this is same time cough up the taxes for the understood that most of them will sign, subsidies which lead to those high prices. good procedure for taking care of agri­ but there is no firm commitment they cultural products and something that is will each sign by the time this agree­ It is harmful in the long run to the manufactured from them such as tex­ ment is to go into effect. But pre­ American farmer because it tends to tiles, to what extent can other industries, sumably the authority is there. restrict world markets. It tends to make and I will list some of them, be given pro­ Mr. FINDLEY. I thank the gentle­ him less competitive, less efficient, and tection? Would the gentleman care to man. So much emphasis is being placed worst of all, it places his destiny in the comment on that? Does the gentleman on tariff cuts .that very little attention ·hands of bureaucrats who would have think this will be expanded to include has been given to the nontariff means the authority to rig and rerig world everything? of restricting trade. The nontariff tools markets ad infinitum. Mr. McINTIRE. The gentleman from are actually more widely used than tar­ We should stop trying to treat effects Maine will be happy to comment, for he iffs. Tariffs have declined in importance · and get at the real cause of our trouble. has never supported the Reciprocal radically in recent years. Indeed in the In the interest of all concerned, the Trade Agreements Act. I have listened case of the United States tariffs have cotton subsidy should be brought to a with a great deal of interest to what the declined to the point where most tariffs realistic level, and Secretary Freeman gentleman has mentioned. are no longer substantial enough to give has the authority to do this under exist­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I want to us bargaining tools to work with in ne­ ing legislation. commend the gentleman for maintaining gotiation in the Common Market or else­ Rather than broaden the authority of a consistent position; but I should like where. If we are really interested in the President to rig world markets for to point out that the President's proposal increasing our exports and in promoting a countless number of commodities and on reciprocal trade, H.R. 9900, starts out friendly trade relations, we should ex­ items, we should strike section 204 from with a preamble that is directly in oppo­ amine our own protection policies, most our law. sition to the philosophy the gentleman of which are nontariff in character. Some mention was made of the fact has expressed; yet Mr. Hodges says that This bill before us is a prize example. that the American Cotton Textile Manu­ this action on the part of the Kennedy It would permit the President to work facturing Institute supports this bill. I administration is entirely consistent with out international trade cartels for any call your attention to Newsweek maga­ these objectives. I think the gentleman agricultural commodity or product. It zine, April 9, this week's issue, page 25, is being consistent. I think we will find would authorize the President to slam gross inconsistency, however, on the part the door on all imports from nations reviewing the happy events for President of the administration. which are not parties to the deal. The Kennedy in the prior week. Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Chairman, President would have final authority. This was represented as one of those will the gentleman yield? His authority and the agreements that happy events; and I quote: Mr. McINTIRE. I yield to the gentle­ he could conclude would not be subject En dorsement of his tariff program by lead­ man from Connecticut. to review by either House of Congress. ers of the Nation 's textile industry-;-the nor- 6164 CONGE.ESSIONAL .l{ECORD - . HOUSE April 10_ mally protectionist American Cotton Manu­ ture, the gentleman from North Carolina t_.4e procedures for the peril point,· for facturer~s Institut~, meeting at Palm Beach. {Mt. COOLEY], some legislative history the escape clause, or the defense aspects Reference was made to the fact that was finally brought out. Up until then of this problem. I · have criticized the Secretary Freeman endorsed this bill. there was none. previous administration as I criticize this This is the same Secretary of Agriculture Mr. Chairman, I might say that the one, but granted that machinery to pro­ who pointed to our "successful cotton House, of course, never did consider the vide relief has not been used, or it has program" as the pattern which we should merits one way or the other of section been abused, if anything; here we are adopt in developing programs for other 204 when it was put in the law baek coming along looking 'at a piece of legis­ agricultural commodities. in 1956. lation where relief of the most extreme MT. Speaker, do we have ahead in oth­ Mr. Chairman, as a reference and so sort is granted, but it goes only to the er commodities the same series of events that we may refer to it in the future, textile people. How does anyone else which has brought us to this very diffi­ in House Report No. 2077 of the 2d claim relief? cult problem in cotton? The cotton pro­ session of the 84th Congress on the farm Mr. Chairman, do you not see that this gram is hardly a successful pattern to bill at that time, there was no section is government by men and not govern­ follow. 204. This is simply for reference. ment by law? And once you go to gov­ Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Chairman, I · Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the ernment by men this Congress might just yield such time as he may consume to gentleman yield? as well fold up and go home; you have got the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I am glad a dictatorship. And the f aet that .these BEERMANN]. to yield to the gentleman from North powers are used in this fashion-life or Mr. BEERMANN. Mr. Chairman, this Carolina. death over this industry or that one; this bill would amend section 204 of the Ag­ Mr. COOLEY. After the President one shall survive and that one shall die, ricultural Act of 1956 to facilitate the vetoed H.R. 12, the Committee on Agri­ when no administrative machinery or implementation of multilateral agree­ culture brought · in another bill which judicial machinery has been spelled out, ments covering the trade in cotton tex­ did not contain the portions objectiona­ means just what I have indicated. tiles. But does this amendment not also ble to the President. I do not know what Mr. Chairman, I have been able carry an air of cross-purpose legislation? the number was, but maybe the g-entle­ finally to get, to some degree, into this Under the bill the President would be man from Missouri has it. agreement at Geneva. and let me tell given the power to fix regulations to Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. It is H.R. you what it means. It means that we go cover the removal or entry of cotton tex­ 10875, Mr. Chairman. back to the 1960 census :figures in order tiles from ,countries not a party to these Then, here .is the other thing I to determine how much of textiles and agreements. He already has such au­ wanted for the RECORD: In the Agricul­ from what country can come into what thority under present law in regard to ture Act of 1956, the May 22, 1956, con­ ports; how much into Boston, how much countries which are parties to these ference report, there is a statement by into New York, how much into Los Ange­ agreements. the managers on the part of the House les, how much into Charleston, S.C. This additional Executive power can and nothing is said in here about this When you get into this kind of thing be considered to be another lever to be section. Furthermore, in looking at the you have an international cartel that is used against the American producer de­ Senate debate, which will be found at controlled by political bureaucrats who spite the agreements that are made to page 8495, May 18, 1956, when the Senate are not responsible to the people in any help the American producer. This two­ was conside1·ing section 204 there ac­ sense. Talk about freeing trade; noth­ edged sword would appear to be in com­ tually was an amendment offered in re­ ing could be more damaging to the trade plete opposition to previous legislation gard to rice, which was rejected, but by stifling it, and by going back and passed to enable the President to make there was no discussion at all on this freezing the economy in 1960. · favorable agreements that would aid section. In other words, there was no I happen to feel that there is an area rather than hurt the American textile legislative history to go back and try to where we need to spell out machinery in industry. This power coming at this find out whether the authority intended our trade laws. We must talk about fair time when H.R. 9900, the Trade Exp~-­ was bilateral or multilateral, which is trade. Our textile people have not had sion Act of 1962, is receiving great at­ the reason this particular amendment is fair competition. I have been in their tention, ean be considered to be an ad­ before you. corner on this. But the textile people ministration attempt to hold a powerful In the letter of the Secretary of Com­ have sold out principle, because they can weapon to insure favorable backing from merce he said he did not know; that it get this immediate protection. the textile industry for the administra­ was questionable whether there was this This business of government by men tion's new concepts in trade agreement~. authority. is disturbing to me. Last year, one day My main argument is that appointed Mr. Chairman, here is a major piece at 8 o'clock at night, I took the floor of people in the executive branch of Gov­ of legislation in respect to our Recip­ the House on the question of the Du Pont ernment are going to be making these rocal Trade Act and our Trading Act tax relief bill, to point out that here was decisions instead . of the elected repre­ which this House has never debated. another example where we had a compli­ sentatives of the people. Now it comes before us with an oppor­ cated problem of the involuntary divesti­ For proof and a knowledge of the prob­ ture of holdings due to the antitrust tunity to consider it and we will not laws. We could have corrected it by lems involved ask the producers of live­ even dig into it at this time. I intend, general legislation that would have en­ stock and meat products what relief by the way, to offer an amendment to abled any company that was in a simi­ they received when they tried to prove this bill which will eliminate · section lar situation to follow certain proce­ undue hardship due to imports of these 204. Here is the gist of the problem: dures. But this administration had sent products during a period of low domestic This is a relief section. I am pleased, orders down that it was only for Du Pont, prices. frankly, that the textile people are able and if anyone else in addition to Du Pont Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Chairman, I ask to get relief. were included, they would veto it. That unanimous consent to extend my re­ ·But the point is, how do you get relief is government by men, Mr. Chairman. marks in the RECORD following my re­ under this section? There is nothing We sought to do last year what we have marks of a few moments ago. spelled out in the way of machinery as to known for years we had to do. We have The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection how some other industry can get relief. to amend the laws in regard to depreci­ to the request of the gentleman from And this is what I asked Secretary ation of property. And yet the textile Maine? Hodges just a couple of hours ago. I people were singled out and given lib­ There was no objection. said, "Mr. Secretary, what mechanics eralized depreciation. I am glad they Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Chairman, I does this industry or does a labor group were, they were entitled to it. But it yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from use in order to get relief?" was not done by law; it was not by law Missouri [Mr. CURTIS]. "Well," he said, "there are not any." that they were given it, because there Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ And, of course, there are not any. It are hundreds of other industries that man, I have pointed out a few things al­ simply says that whenever the President are entitled to the same relief who did ready in the debate on the rule, but I am determines he may take this action. not get it. They were singled out; they glad that in my interrogation of the The Committee on Ways and Means were brought in and given this liberal· chairman of the Committee on Agricul- spent considerable time trying to set up ized depreciation. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6165 There is only one course of action 18 signatories to this arrangement af­ to 25 cents an hour for those who work available to us, to get back to govern­ fecting the imports of cotton textiles. in the production end dealing with spe­ ment by law and not by men, and that There are a few countries that were not cific jobs on the floor. That is 25 cents, is to repeal section 204 and hope that brought into that arrangement, amount­ I remind you, as against our lowest wage in the Committee on Ways and Means ing to some 10 percent of the volume of of $1.50. we can spell out some meaningful pro­ these textiles that are entering this In the entire industry from New Eng­ cedures whereby any industry, however country. That 10 percent could disrupt, land all the way down to the Deep South little, any union, however little, can come that 10 percent could have a most ad­ the impact of imports and exports on em­ in and present its case and know that verse effect on the 90 percent that we ployment in the textile industry make up they have rights, rights by law, and not attempted to correct by the arrange­ the double blow this indispensable in­ something that a wise bureaucracy can ment that was entered into at Geneva. dustry has received from imports. This give them or not give them, dependent It would frustrate the agreement, if is borne out by the record. Only because on whims at the time. Look at the po­ something is not done to amend the act of the fact that a militant group has in­ litical implications involved in this to give the President this authority to sisted this industry got some relief under thing, that "If you will do this for us, write regulations affecting those coun­ the Office of Defense. Based upon the then we will go ahead and grant you tries who were not participants to the records of the hearings held before the this· protection, but woe betide you who arrangement. Now I do not see any­ subcommittee I headed last year, I am of oppose this administration or any ad­ thing that should make for undue ex­ the opinion that today we would be in­ ministration. We will not give it to citement over this bill. sufficiently supplied with our own pro­ you." Section 204 was written into the Agri­ duction of textiles to wage any kind of Mr. Chairman, this is the most serious cultural Act of 1956. It was signed into war this country might engage in. We matter, as I say, that I have seen in the law by President Eisenhower along with cannot pursue the policy we have in the 12 years that I have been in the Con­ its other provisions. Doubtless the Con­ past without destroying this industry. gress. gress knew it was in there or it would Remember that when you sell $1 million Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield never have approved it in the confer­ of cotton but import $750,000 of cotton 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ar­ ence report on that bill in 1956. The content in textiles you are the loser and kansas [Mr. GATHINGS]. gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN] not the gainer, although in dollar volume / Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Chairman, the made an appeal to the House by in­ you might seem to be the winner. United States has traditionally exported nuendo. He made no charge--he did Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield more cotton textiles than it imported not, but he just said that probably there myself 4 minutes. throughout the years. That pattern was was a timing involved here with respect Mr. Chairman, I have refreshed my reversed in 1960. In 1960 $621,400,000 to the date of early March when the recollection with reference to the legis­ of cotton textiles and various other tex­ executive communication was sent to the lative history of section 204 which is now tiles were imported into this country. Speaker early in March and fallowed by under discussion. When the bill H.R. 12 Our exports in textiles for 1960 were the introduction of this bill, which was was in conference in 1956, I prepared and only $509,300,000, or a $112 million loss about the time a vote was taken on the presented to the conferees section 204. in balance of payments on this item tax bill. But these negotiations had After a discussion in conference, the alone. taken place for many weeks in advance amendment I offered was accep4.:ed. There is reason behind these imports of that time in Geneva. These signa­ After the bill containing section 204 was exceeding the exports. In the first tories, of course, were not concerned approved by both Houses, H.R. 12 was place, foreign labor costs are much less over a vote on the tax bill or with re­ vetoed by President Eisenhower. · than we pay our labor in this country. spect to any other vote in this House. Thereafter I introduced H.R. 10875, Another reason is that some of these They voluntarily entered into this agree­ and on page 32 of that bill which was countries have quite a bit of volume out­ ment and signed it. What we are try­ introduced April 30, 1956, you will find put. They have a high productivity. ing to do is to bring all of the countries the same explanation, and in our com­ Especially in Japan does that situation that import textiles into our country un­ mittee report on H.R. 10875, which was exist. der this arrangement so that they, too, fl.led April 30, 1956, you will find on page Who is at stake here with respect to would be affected and would not dis­ 8 the same provision and a discussion this legislation? In the first place, the rupt the arrangement of the 90 percent of it. cottongrower is vitally concerned with of the total volume of these imports. • I do not understand how the gentle­ what we do here today. For many, I do trust, Mr. Chairman, that the man can say that this provision has not many years the export of raw cotton ex­ legislation will be approved. been frankly and fairly put before and ceeded the actual consumption by the Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 discussed in the House. The gentleman mills in this country. That trend was minutes to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ was here in 1956. I am certain I do not changed in the early 1930's, however. vania [Mr. DENTL recall that this section was controversial, The cotton merchant is interested in this Mr. DENT. Mr. Chairman, regardless and I am surprised that the gentieman's matter because he wants to sell cotton of how we feel about the merits or de­ being so disturbed over it now. to the mills. The manufacturer of cot­ merits of passing legislation by this Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ ton textiles is vitally concerned with this method, there is one thing we must re­ man, will the gentleman yield? legislation because he is at a serious dis­ member and that is unless we do some­ Mr. COOLEY. I Yield. advantage in view of these higher costs thing in this particular area, the time Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I am very he runs into in trying to compete with will come when, and it will not be too happy to get this additional legislative the low-cost labor in other countries. long, we will not have any textile indus­ history. I have read the other reports But most important, the laboring man try left. It might interest you to know but I did not :find the section in the bill himself is most vitally concerned with that we have lost in exactly 14 years, which the House considered. The gen­ this legislation because of the fact that 330,000 employees in the textile industry tleman has the report in front of him. he wants to continue to be employed in and we have closed 844 mills in that time. May I ask what the section number was? the mills. In 1947 there were 1,100,000 If you go into the picture of textiles, you I leafed through this somewhat hur­ textile workers in this country. By 1958 will find that the wage levels are prob­ riedly and may have missed it. that 1,100,000 had dwindled to 800,000 ably the deterring factor in our attempts Mr. COOLEY. In H.R. 10875 it workers, or a reduction of 28 percent. to export as of the last 10 years. For in­ appears under the title "Agreements Let us look for a moment at this legis­ stance, in the last 10 years we have Limiting Imports," section 203. lation. It was sent down by the Depart­ drifted in certain specific exports of do­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. It was sec­ ment of Commerce by executive commu­ mestic products to where we now export tion 203 at that time. nication to the Speaker of the House of less than 7 percent of our volume and we Mr. COOLEY. Yes. Representatives, who transmitted it to import a percentage of our total produc­ Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I will check Chairman CooLEY, who introduced the tion as high as 51.2 percent. The wages through it again. I will say this to the bill. paid run anywhere froin 36 ½ cents for gentleman, that I think. the members of This legislation is needed badly, be­ the highest paid inspector as against an the Ways and Committee will admit that ca use at the Geneva meeting there were American inspector getting $2.25, down I was a member. Certainly I had not 6166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 heard of anything like this being in the ment. We understand the provisions tion asked by the gentleman from Illinois bill or I would have been disturbed over and the purposes of the pending meas­ [Mr. FINDLEY] : it at that time. I was not aware of this ure.. Legislative history shows that Con­ Mr. .FINDLEY. Mr. Price, how do you recon­ until about 3 or 4 weeks ago when we gress intended to give to the President cile the restrictive arrangement anticipated began our hearings on the Reciprocal the right to negotiate multilateral con­ under this authority with the administra­ Trade Act. tracts or agreements with foreign coun­ tion's goal of freer trade? Mr. COOLEY. If the gentleman will tries. Mr. PRICE. The long-term arrangement look at page 43 of the report on H.R. Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Then we does provide, Mr. Congressman. for a con­ 12 he will see it was discussed in the had better send the bill back for more siderable freeing of world trade in cotton textile products. For example, the Eu.ro­ report. consideration. pean Economic Community has -agreed, as Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. I have been Mr. COOLEY. We are pleased with part of the long-term arrangement, to interested in legislation which actually the bill and regret very much the gen­ double its taking of textiles over the 5-year became law. I am not referring bac·k to tleman is not pleased with it. period from the five Principal developing H.R. 12. The CHAIRMAN. The time .of the countries. Mr. COOLEY. In that report on H.R. gentleman from North Carolina has ex­ As far as this country is concerned ob­ 12 we steps to in­ and our northern frontier. The Presi­ year. Thanks to the patriotism and de­ crease the number and power of such dent's new defense budget requests funds votion to duty of the Wisconsin and forces. for emergency manual operation of the Texas Guard divisions, the Nation now . A combined team.of Army and Marine SAGE system which controls the fl.ring possesses the equivalent of these 16 di­ Corps forces, closely associated with a of our antiaircraft missiles, and for the visions. As soon as adequate. replace­ broad economic aid program which dispersal of our manned interceptor ments can be found through the draft strikes at the evils which breed guerrilla force. The Nike-Hercules system aimed and stepped-up volunteer . recruitment, war in poorly developed nations, can, if at enemy attack planes will also be ex­ these guard units, which were activated built soon. be a decisive deterrent force panded and improved. late last year, will be returned to Re- in the cold war. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6173

IV. OUR CIVIL DEFENSE PROGRAM will be killed or incapacitated; disease of the shelter after the attack can be The best protection against an enemy will spread rapidly; infection-carrying distributed among more people. attack is an international rule of law insects and rodents, which appear to Third. Group shelters could provide under which disputes among nations are have a greater immunity to radiation shelter for persons away from · their settled by peaceful processes. The next than humans, will multiply and endan­ homes at the time of air attack. best is an adequate deterrent force. ger plant, animal, and human life. Fourth. Group shelters can serve as We will deter an enemy from making a nu­ THE CIVIL DEFENSE RECOMMENDATIONS a focus for integrated community re­ clear attack- Our economy will suffer a devastating covery activities in the postattack period. President Kennedy has said- blow. Communications will be seriously OBJECTIONS TO FALLOUT SHELTERS damaged; railroad and air facilities will I am not impressed by the objectiops only if our retaliatory power is so strong and be obliterated; our fleets of trailer trucks so invulnerable that he knows he would be one hears to the proposed fallout shelter destroyed by our response. If we have that decimated; innumerable bridges and program: strength, civil defense is not needed to deter roads made impassable; and billions of First. "Fallout shelters won't save any­ an attack. If we should ever lack it, civil dollars worth of industrial plants con­ one, since the Soviet Union can kill defense would not be an adequate substitute. sumed in nuclear flames. Our govern­ everyone in the United States with blast mental units at the local, State, and But we must face the unpalatable con­ and fire." This is taking seriously the Federal levels will be, in many cases, rash threat made recently by former So­ tingency of all-out nuclear war because completely eliminated; or left only partly deterrence may fail, or because an enemy, viet Ambassador Mikhail Menshikov. intact. Public order and morality will But at least an equally reasonable as­ through accident, irrationality, or esca­ be greatly challenged, and looting and lation, drags us into an atomic war which sumption is that a Soviet attack would pillaginf may spread rapidly. not attempt to annihilate, or succeed in we do not want. The possibility of nu­ A strong, effective, thoroughly trained clear war makes the need for civil de­ annihilating, all Americans. And if it civil defense organization will be needed did not, fallout shelters could save mil­ fense very pressing and urgent. We must to cope with this level of destruction plan today to build an effective civil de­ lions of lives. A fl.re escape on a build­ and desolation. President Kennedy has ing may not save your life if the build­ fense organization, a national defense proposed an expanded civil defense ef­ program that touches every city and ing explodes; but it will save your life fort to deal with some of the problems if the fire is such that you can use the hamlet of the United States. Tomorrow which will be faced during, and after, may be too late. escape. an atomic attack. In fiscal 1962, Presi­ Second. "Fallout shelters will make BLAST AND FIRE dent Kennedy received about $250 mil­ Americans resigned to the inevitability We should have no illusions about the lion for the civil defense program, and of nuclear war, and hence make them difficulty of our problem. In the wake of requests for fiscal 1963 total $695 million, rashly demand that we start war first, a wide range of possible enemy nuclear sums greater than the combined total or cravenly demand that we surrender." strikes against the United States, we will of all civil defense expenditures over the This argument goes both ways, and it face a harsh, hostile world. Our environ­ past 11 years. thus kills itself. I should think it much ment, which we presently take for The principal feature of the Presi­ more likely that fallout shelters would granted, will be shattered, or, at the very dent's civil defense recommendations is bring home to us the hideousness of nu­ least, gravely altered. The blast and his fallout shelter program. It consists clear war, and thus make us want to thermal effects of nuclear weapons will of four major parts: the survey and support our Government vigorously in be appalling. A 5-megaton burst at marking of 50 million shelter spaces its search for an honorable third choice ground level would destroy most build­ across the country; the improvement of between holocaust and surrender. ings within 2 miles or so of the point existing shelter spaces; the Federal con­ Third. "Fallout shelters, by giving the of explosion; its blast and heat effect struction of shelters; and equipping and illusion of security, will make the Ameri­ could be felt for 18 miles. The radius of supplying them. Furthermore, depend­ can people bellicose." By now, un­ destruction for a 20-megaton weapon, ing on congressional approval, $460 mil­ realistic claims of the protection af­ which can be easily delivered to target, lion of the $700 million requested will forded by fallout shelters-such as Life will, of course, be even more devastating. be used to provide a Federal incentive magazine's assertion that they would There is also the possibility that large­ program for the construction of com­ save 97 percent of the American peo­ scale fire storms will start in our cities munity fallout shelters in schools, hospi­ ple-have been pretty well exploded. and throughout our forest and grassland tals, and public welfare institutions. Responsible leaders must continue to regions. Millions will perish in these aw­ And adequate fallout shelters can save make clear to the American people that ful conflagrations. You will remember lives. nuclear war would be devastating. that about 60,000 people died from the Radioactivity itself does not contami­ Even so, a few million lives seem to me roaring inferno which was created by the nate the air. You can breathe freely worth the trouble of saving. incendiary attack over Hamburg during after the particles have settled to the Fourth. "Fallout shelters, by regi­ World War II. How much more serious ground, even in an area of heavy fallout. menting people, will destroy democracy will fire damage be after a nuclear attack Tightly sealed fallout shelters need only here." Nonsense-both Britain and against the United States? an air intake pipe with a filter or shield British democracy survived in the air But blast and fire cover a limited area to prevent actual particles of fallout raid shelters of World War II. Demo­ compared with radioactive fallout which from being drawn into the shelter. cratic little Denmark has today one of may extend over tens of thousands of Fallout does not contaminate water, the best shelter programs going. square miles. After a ground blast the once the actual particles have settled to Fifth. "Fallout shelters will cause Rus­ radioactive particles descend within a the bottom of the tank or system. Eat­ sia to start a war in the belief that we half hour; most of the lethal effect oc­ ing food that is grown in radioactive soil are preparing for war." If Russia is curs in the first 48 hours. will not kill you, although it may in­ going to be panicked into war, I would Moreover, the fires and explosions at­ crease your chances of succumbing to a think that our bombs, our missiles, and tending an enemy nuclear strike will fatal disease a decade or two later. our Air Force would be a much greater cause widespread soil erosion and floods. THE CASE FOR GROUP SHELTERS panicker than a civil defense program. These changes within our natural en­ There are several reasons why group We should not let a program of fall­ vironment will bring further misery to shelters are preferable to family shelters out shelters blind us to the necessity of millions. Nor should we overlook the in many circumstances: building a strong defense, and of cease­ fact that great numbers of dead and in­ First. A larger than family-size group lessly working for peace. But neither jured, the loss of firefighting equipment is better prepared to face a nuclear at­ should hysterical argument blind us to and personnel, and mountains of debris tack than a single family, particularly if the fact that fallout shelters could save will make fire control very difficult and some members are away from home at some lives, and life is precious. decidedly hazardous. the time of the attack. For myself, as an individual, burrow­ Our medical services will be severely Second. There is more opportunity to ing in the ground like a mole does not taxed. Thousands of hospitals and find first aid and other emergency skills appeal; but as a legislator, I am not medical centers will be laid waste; large in a group, and accumulated radiation about to dismiss lightly the possibility of numbers of our physicians and nurses exposure from necessary short trips out useful public shelters. 6174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 THE NEAR WARNING SYSTEM present us with a surrender ultimatum, satisfied with our accomplishments in Other parts of the President's program or localized wars might give signs of be­ civil defense. include a new nationwide warning and ing expanded. BEYOND CIVIL DEFENSE detection system. It is now recognized In these instances, it might be impor­ tant for us to evacuate our cities as All of us here are deeply troubled that siren warning systems have serious about the future. We would be delighted drawbacks. They often canno· be heard, quicldy as possible before an enemy mis­ to turn our attention to something else and most people are indoors-out of sile attack strikes us. than civil defense. Nuclear war is not reach of the siren's sound. Conse­ If we pursue an evacuation plan un­ a pretty business. Millions would die in quently, the NEAR system which will der certain contingencies, we should such a holocaust. Every honorable ef­ permit home hookups to warn of enemy then give considerable thought to the fort must therefore be made to bring the attack at a nominal cost to the house­ identification of evacuation-reception cold war to an end which will not jeop­ holder is being developed. As a supple­ centers and for the sustenance of civil­ ardize our freedom or the freedom of ment to NEAR, the Defense Department ians when they arrive at these predesig­ others. We have a profound moral re­ will provide standby power equipment nated spots. The Holifield subcommit­ sponsibility to take every precaution to for 1,300 broadcasting stations and tee discovered in 1960 that no plans were forestall the eruption of a nuclear war. made for provisioning-designated evac­ backup radio communications for wire We must work and pray for a better line links between those stations and uation-reception areas-with the basic world in which civil defense will not be local and regional civil defense head­ supplies and equipment which would be required to sustain an evacuated popula­ needed. The path we must walk has quarters. Radiation detection kits for been clearly marked out for us by Presi­ some 90,000 monitoring stations will be tion at even the barest level of sub­ dent Kennedy in the closing words of his distributed in addition to the 50,000 al­ sistence. With fallout capable of kill­ first inaugural address: ready equipped. ing for hundreds of miles downwind from where the bomb strikes, fallout With a good conscience our only sure re­ Small expenditures are also planned ward, with history the final judge of our for civil defense research and develop­ shelters are needed in evacuation areas. deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we ment, and modest sums are planned to We have not done much to overcome love, asking His blessing and His help, but aid State and local governments with this incisive criticism over the last 2 knowing that here on earth God's work personnel and administrative costs in­ years. In Wisconsin, in fact, our evac­ must truly be our own. curred in civil defense activities. An en­ uation roads are well marked; but prac­ larged civil defense training program tically nothing has been done to keep will be undertaken. people alive once they get to where the JOHN LORD O'BRIAN There can be no doubt that President road leads. For Wisconsin and the Na­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask Kennedy's civil defense proposals repre­ tion, a top priority is to put into effect unanimous consent to extend my re­ •sent the most sweeping and far-reaching a plan for evacuees that would work marks at this point in the RECORD and recommendations for civil defense that tomorrow. include extraneous matter. have ever come from the White House. POSTATTACK RECOVERY ORGANIZATION The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Yet there exists a serious question One final point: We have today an the request of the gentleman from New whether they are adequate to the task of urgent requirement for a realistic, na­ York? mitigating the effects of nuclear war and tionwide postattack recovery crganiza­ There was no objection. of controlling the postattack environ­ tion. The Defense Department's "Fall­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, it has been ment so that rescue and recuperative out Protection" booklet noted: my privilege to meet one of Buffalo's operations can be quickly undertaken State and local governments have the op­ most prominent attorneys, Mr. John and expeditiously carried out. The fall­ erating responsibility for civil defense. The Lord O'Brian, and I take great pleasure out shelter program, although signifi­ responsibility for organizing community in extending felicitations upon his 50th cant, is not intended to diminish the civil defense protection falls on the States anniversary of admission to the bar of destruction wrought by the blast and fire and, through them, on local government units. the Supreme Court. effects of nuclear explosions. As he appeared before the Court last Before we go too far along the road No one can deny that the State and week, Chief Justice Warren paid special toward a national fallout shelter system, local governments have a primary ob­ tribute to Mr. O'Brian upon his anni­ we might usefully examine the proposal ligation to take the initiative in civil versary and warmly greeted the 87-year­ made by the gentleman from California, defense operations. No one who respects old attorney with words of praise for his Representative CHET HOLIFIELD, chair­ our Federal form of government would outstanding service in the law profes­ man of the Military Operations Subcom­ want the Federal Government intruding sion and to our Nation. mittee, that the Nation should adopt a into every facet of local life. Yet a nu­ blast shelter program. Experts estimate Under·leave to extend my remarks, l clear war will not be localized. It will wish to include the fallowing editorial the cost of such a program at about $20 cut across city, town, and State billion, depending on the number, size, that appeared in the Buffalo Evening boundaries. News, Buffalo, N.Y., on April 4, 1962: and dispersal of such protective redoubts. Perhaps only islands of governmental We can certainly afford a blast shelter units will remain, and, then, only in frac­ MAN OF JUSTICE program, even at such a high cost, if Chief Justice Warren suspended the busi­ tured form after a nuclear strike. Who ness of the Supreme Court Monday to make we can be convinced that it will save will then lead from our fallout shelters? substantially more people. I think that a felicitous gesture. He paid the tribute of Who will direct emergency rescue activ­ the bench to one of the truly distinguished we have a right to ask the administra­ ities? Who will assume responsibility men of the American bar-John Lord O'Bri­ tion to clarify the advantages of a pos­ for the national recovery and recupera­ an, completing a half century of practice sible blast shelter program so that the tion program? before the highest Court. Nation can decide what sort of policy it While .state and local units have an The Buffalo and Washington attorney, now is willing to adopt. indispensable role to play in the post­ 87, was warmly congratulated by the Chief EVACUATION Justice for having served the Court over the attack environment, if we want to pre­ years "in the highest sense." Nor should we reject the technique of serve as much of our way of life as pos­ Dedication to his profession in the grand population evacuation too quickly. I am sible, we should recognize a Federal role, tradition of American justice has been his aware that civil defense officials are not too. We need stronger relations between life. But his personal interests have been very enthusiastic about this method be­ Federal, State, and local civil defense submerged many times at the request of six cause of the many, obvious, and serious officials. We need a preexisting or­ Presidents of both parties who called on him difficulties involved in making it work. ganizational framework composed of when there was a particularly difficult t ask Nuclear war leaves little time for the men who already know what they will to be undertaken. effective implementation of an evacua­ do in the postattack situation. In this John Lord O'Brian has dignified his pro­ tion policy. Nonetheless, one can con­ respect, we might well examine the effort fession and enriched the Nation by his de­ ceive of situations in which an effective­ which the military Reserves can contrib­ votion to t he welfare of both. ly organized evacuation plan might serve ute to the rebuilding process. There is I also include an article written by a very useful purposes. For example, the much to be done about the problem of reporter of the Buffalo Evening News, Russians might evacuate their cities and postattack recovery before we can be Frank Fortune, who witnessed the Su- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6175 preme Court's special tribute to Mr. Surely we have a right to e~pect a more body, and of many thousands of people O'Brian: affirmative and forceful policy from this ad­ all over the country, will follow with ministration. Yet the one theme that has keel). interest the development-s of the U.S. SUPREME COURT HONORS ATTORNEY JOHN gone unmentioned in the current Security LORD O'BRIAN-CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN Council debate 'is the need for a peace settle­ next few days as a prominent Belgian COMMENDS BUFFALOIAN ON 50-YEAR PRAC­ ment in the Middle East. This repeats the diplomat visits-th.-e Nation's ,Capital .and TICE BEFORE HIGH TRmUNAL sterile pattern of the last General Assembly lunches with tne President. WASHINGTON, April 3.-John Lord O'Brian, when the United States shunned a 15-power The mission of the distinguished 87, was tendered a special tribute in the U.S. resolution calling for direct negotiations be­ Belgian, according to the Associated Supreme Court Monday in recognition of the tween Israel and the Arab States. Press on April 7, is· to discuss develop­ 50th anniversary of his .admission to the bar Why this timidity about the subject of ments of the European Common Market of the Court. peace? The Arabs won't hear of peace; will Mr. O'Brian, a Buffalo and Washington at­ the rest of the world become accomplices to with President Kennedy :and other top torney who has held key positions in Govern­ their intransigence? They remain unwilling officials. ment under both.Republican and Democratic to recognize the fact of Israel's existence; is In the background of the visit, as Presidents, came before the court to sponsor that not a challenge to the U.N., which long publicized by Associated Press on April 3, the ..admission of -a junior :i;nember of his has numbered Israel among its members? is a stiff note.from officials of the Com­ Washington iaw firm. The Arab States do everything short of war mon Market calling on the United States As Mr. O'Brian ·approached the bench, to make Israel's life intolerable and openly Chief Justice Warren leaned . forward and prepare for another round; can these acts to reconsider its decision to impose said: be considered outside the Council's juris­ higher tariffs on carpets and glass. The "I am told by our clerk that this is the diction? note, according to the news report, also 50th anniversary of your admission to the Can the Council .condemn Isra.el for meas­ warned that bilateral trade concessions bar of tb.is Court." ures it regards as defensive if it ignores the might be jeopardized unless the U.S." "T.hat is true~ Y:our Honor, and it has been transcendent issue of the Arabs' unwillil).g­ decision is rescinded. one of the highest privileges," said Mr. ness to make peace? A failure to censure It is apparent, Mr. Speaker, that we O'Bril!,n. Syria in this regard will be a failure to dis­ Then the Chief Justice observed,: pense justice even-handedly. will have in this situation .a perfect test "Few m-en in history have had a longer In defense of the Eisenhower policy of 1956, case of the effect of the Common Market -0r more active practice before this Court. it could be argued that behind it was the negotiations, .and the construction given "During all these years, you have served insistent, purposeful effort of Dag Hammar­ them by our own administration and our the Court in the highest sense. skjold to move the area from precarious truce friends abroad, with reference to the "I wish for you many more years as a to.some form of stabilization. solid statutory safeguards for American member of our· bar, and with it continued If there is any such -grand design today it industry placed in existing law by the happiness." is not 11.pparent, although the resolution Congress. does not speak of augmenting the powers of the U.N. Truce Supervisory Organization in Much more is at stake than the U.S. · POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST the area. -domestic sheet glass and carpet in­ Israel's resistance to measures that would dustries, who under existing law have Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, strengthen the scope .and authority of the made a solid case before our-Tariff Com­ I .ask unanimous consent to address the U.N. operation inside its borders is under­ mission and thereafter obtained from .a House for 1 minute, to revise and .extend standable. Today under U Thant, U.N. sympathetic and understanding Pr-esi­ my remarks, and to include a newspaper powers in the Middle East are exercised im­ dent the tariff adjustments recom­ editorial. partially; tomorr0w the situation may be different. Another Secretary General or a mended by the Commission. These The SPEAKER. Is there objection to adjustments, let no one for.get, were the request of the gentleman from New different -voting alinement in the U.N. might transform its operation in Israel into an virtually mandated by .a finding of sub­ York? instrument .of its destruction. stantial injury from imports. There was no objection. Nevertheless, we do not believe Israel's sal­ Our friends from Belgium now ask our Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, vation lies in Teprisal and in keeping the U.N. ·President to rescind this wise and long­ yesterday the Security Council of the at arm's length. That policy came close to awaited decision, notwithstanding -its United Nations'Voted in favor of a United being s.elf-defeating in the past. To venture again onto that slippery slope would be risky . legal and equitable justification undet .States.:British resolution · censuring our laws ,and procedures. "Israel for its reprisal raid against Syria. If risks are to be taken, let them rather be It is regrettable that the only tangible in conformity with the U.R C.harter and in The President will surely extend -every ways that will strengthen the peace-keeping courtesy to his distinguished visitor. result of recent U.S. policy in the Middle powers of the world organization. Israel's Just as surely. out of respect for our East is a resolution which is negative in nervousness about the U.N. may be under­ appi:oach and which does not in any standable, but cooperation with the U.N. own solidly based escape-cfause pro­ way a;id in the .search for peace in that and obedience to the charter are less of a cedures and the merits of the case for area. Until the Arab States recognize leap into the dark than defiance. glass and carpet workers in this coun- · the existence of Israel, tensions in that But those who ask Israel to take risks in try, the President will politely but firmly the interests of peace and stability should refuse to change course. troubled area will continue. The heart -themselves show some courage. At the very of the problem is the refusal of the Arab This, I am sure, is not only the con­ least, the Security Council .should call upon viction and hope of dozens of Members States to make peace with Isra-el. U.S. Syria and Israel to begin dtrect negotiations policy must be affirmatively and vigor­ on.the problems outstanding betwe_en them. of Congress from glass- and carpet­ ously directed toward the good of achtev­ A call for peace talks can never. be out of producing districts. ing· peace in the Middle Ea-st. It is time order. and there's .a larger question: It is also the faith and the _prayer of for the State Department to come up What about the Russians and their am­ thousands of American·working men and . bitions? The Soviet should be challenged to women in these industries who were with positive plans instead of negative . cooperate in a stabilization program. · If resolutions. heartened and cheered, only a few days great power disengagement in centr.al Eu­ ago, by the President's announcement of Mr. Speaker, I wish to call to the at­ l'ope is a legitimate subject of discussion .at tention of my · colleagues the fallowing the summit, no less so is disengagement in his decision. New York Post editorial for April 9 which the troubled Middle East. discusses the real issues : A BANKRUPT POLICY REVIVED THE HONORABLE LESTER There is tragic symbolism in the Anglo- CONGRESSIONAL EYES ON BELGIAN HOLTZMAN . American resolution of censure that·the U.N. VISIT The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ Security Council is being asked to vote Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I der of the House, the gentleman from against Israel for its reprisal raid against New York [Mr. CELLER] is recognized Syria. President Kennedy's representatives ask unanimous consent to extend my have been able to come up with no better remarks at this point in the RECOR·D. for 60 minutes. formula than to reaffirm the censure resolu­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, it is my tion of J.anuary, 1956, that was drafted by to the request of the · gentleman from proud privilege today to speak of our the representatives of President Eisenhower. Oklahoma? former colleague, Lester Holtzman, re­ But the Eisenhower Middle East policy in cently advanced to the position of su­ 1956 was a failure. It did not halt the chain There was no objection. of actions and reactions which culminated Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, the preme court justice of the State of New in the Suez disaster. eyes of hundreds of members of this York. CVIII--389 6176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10. Mark Twain once said, "So live your Charles de Gaulle, French President, ments for Congress. Formerly member of life that when you go even the under­ said: House Committee on Government Opera­ tions, House Committee on Armed Services, taker will be sorry." I am sure that We may well go to the moon soon, but and House Committee on the Judiciary when former Congressman, now supreme that is not very far. The greatest distance which has jurisdiction over matters in­ court justice of New York, Lester Holtz­ we have to cover still lies within us. volving civil rights, antitrust enforcement, man, goes, even the undertaker will be In other words, one must know oneself. immigration and nationality, bankruptcy, sorry. claims, State taxation of interstate com­ Lester does. He knows the long, ardu­ merce, etc. Also as a Member of Con­ He is the type of man for whom we all ous, spiritual road to travel within have deep affection. gress was appointed by Speaker to the himself. I have often watched Lester Board of Visitors to the Merchant Marine He is a politician in the very best within the confines of the Judiciary Academy at Kings Point, N:Y.; member of sense of that word-in the Disrael1 Committee, of which he was a splendid the Hudson-Champlain Celebration Commis­ sense-where wisdom, diplomacy, real­ member. He there made manifest wis­ sion; assistant Democratic whip for New ism, precisement of expression, oratory, dom and caution. He knows that the York State. Has sponsored and supported integrity, are all delicately balanced. legislation regarding mutual security, ex­ fool often crosses the stream while the pansion of social security program, increase There is nothing mysterious about sage ponders. Lester. He is an openhearted, unpre­ in minimum wage, strengthening of civil Lester is ever alive to wrongs and hu­ rights, liberalization of immigration and na­ tentious, humble gentleman. We hon­ man suffering. He is never limp in the tionality laws, · increased deductions and ored him when he was in the House face of injustice. When there is a wrong broader exemptions from income tax, an ade­ because he honored us. We honor him to be righted he becomes intensely active, quate defense program, low-flying planes, now after his elevation to the supreme like the clanging and clamor of fire en­ public housing, antireligious persecutions, court bench of the State of New York. gines dashing to the flames. statehood for Alaska and Hawaii, increased I am happy to have this special order benefits for veterans and dependents, ex­ He knows and respects human dignity, tension and increase of unemployment com­ to say something about this good man. hence his avid support of welfare legis­ His name is like an acrostic, you spell it pensation benefitf'i, pay raises for Federal em­ lation, social security laws, public hous­ ployees and military personnel, liberalization from the left to the right or the right to ing and slum clearance, Federal aid to of Civil Service Retirement Act, etc. the left, up or down, it spells goodness. education, and a square deal for labor, Additional activities-professional, chari­ He has ever been a lover of justice­ as well as child guidance and welfare. table, civic, and political: In the past has justice, the bread of the Nation-because I have often noted him glow with pride been chairman, Young Israel Kew Gardens all hunger for it. at the mention of his charming and Hills building drive; chairman, Queens Lester has endeared himself to all of benign wife Mae, his splendid son Tuberculosis Society drive; official head­ us, primarily because of his good fellow­ quarters for Red Cross drive established in Matthew, and his vivacious, beautiful office; president of Middle Village Chamber ship and his amiability. His years of daughter Joy. I am happy to call all of service with us inspired us to have even of Commerce; counsel to Property Owners them friend. Association of Middle Village for 10 years; greater affection for him. I herewith append some biographical president, Hebrew Institute, Middle Village; He is a man who in the words of data on former Congressman, now Su­ captain, auxiliary police, Queens County Civil Grover Cleveland represents "public preme Court Justice Lester Holtzman. Defense; former president, Queens Division, office as a public trust." I particularly American Jewish Congress; presently mem­ like Lester because he is unafraid-un­ BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ON THE HONORABLE LESTER ber of governing board of National Division, afraid at times even when he is alone. HOLTZMAN, DEMOCRAT, OF NEW YORK American Jewish Congress; member, board Born June 1, 1913, in New York, N.Y. Son of directors of New York World's Fair Corp:; He knows that ofttimes a man with of Isidore and Rebecca Holtzman, immi­ honorary member, Kew Gardens Hills Regu­ courage is a majority. grants from Poland, both naturalized citi­ lar Democratic Club; officer and member of Lester never tries to be anyone ·but zens of the United States. Moved to Middle the board of James M. Phillips Association; himself. He allows each additional day Village in 1916. Democratic captain and county conµnittee• to help him to grow more like himself. Education: Graduated from P.S. 87, man for 18 years; delegate to judicial con­ Although he sustained, some years ago, Queens County, at 12½ years of age, in vention. Member of following organizations: a physical infirmity he had the 1926. Attended Newtown High School in American Bar Association; New York Bar -Elmhurst for about 2 years when forced by Association; Queens County Bar Association; indomitable will to overcome it: He circumstances at home to seek employment. Queens County Criminal Courts Bar Asso­ never seems to suffer from combat Continued education and completed same in ciation; Blackstone Lawyers Club, of Ridge­ fatigue. His unflagging spirit is ever 1930 at Eastern District Evening High School wood; Knights of Pythias; the Queens Elks, present. His is the best example of the in Brooklyn, working at various jobs during Affiliated Young Democrats; B'nai B'rith in process of a congressional career. It the day. Completed during the evening 5 Rego Park and Jackson Heights; member of is an endless process. You continually years at St. John's Law School, and grad­ board of directors of Rego Park Jewish Cen­ turn the last page of a chapter of an uated in 1935 with a degree of LL.B. Honor ter, Kew Gardens Hills Jewish Center, Con­ assignment to be confronted with an­ student at St. John's Law School; president gregation- Sons of Israel (Middle Village); of senior class, St. John's Law School; mem­ sponsor of Yeshiva University. other chapter of tasks to be completed. ber of student councll-faculty association, He knew this. He recognized that a St. John's Law School; recipient of Indian­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask congressional career is not a mere course head Award, St. John's Law School. unanimous consent to revise and extend to be finished or a prize to be achieved. Profession: Duly admitted to practice law my remarks and include extraneous It is continuous and involves "blood, toil, in the State of New York in December 1936 matter. tears, and sweat." in second judicial department, after having The SPEAKER. Is there objection to served required clerkship. Entered general the request of the gentleman from New He has left on the tablets of our con­ practice of law in Middle Village in 1936. gressional memory a good name. Does Has been in actual continuous practice of York? not the psalmist say: "Better is the law since date of admission to bar. There was no objection. fragrance of a good name than the per­ Admitted to practice before U.S. Supreme Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the fume of precious oils." Lester Holtzman Court April 23, 1956. Now associated with gentleman yield? has a good name. member of firm of Holtzman, Sharf, Mr. CELLER. It is my privilege to We all remember his fine sense of Mackell & Hellenbrand, with offices at 120-10 yield to the distinguished gentleman Queens Boulevard, New Gardens, Long from Oklahoma. humor. Island, N.Y. To all of us and to his dear ones and Marital and family status: In 1936, Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, it is a to his immense public in New York he is married the former Mae Gress, and has two privilege to join the distinguished dean a man of good character, and character children: Joy (Mrs. Ira M. Adler) and Mat­ of the New York delegation and our really is what you are when no one is thew. Owns home and resides at 64-49 El­ many colleagues in this tribute to an looking. Lester is indeed worthy and well Crescent, Rego Park. Loniz Island, N.Y. outstanding former Member of this good even when unattended, when alone. Congressional background: Elected Mem­ body, the Honorable Lester Holtzman. ber of the U.S. House of Representatives in In accepting an appointment to the I have also observed his wise prac­ 1952 for the 83d Congress (1953-54) from ticality. He has realized that he must the Sixth District, New York, defeating Re­ New York State Supreme Court, Judge take the bitter with the sweet, that if you publican incumbent. Reelected to 84th, Holtzman moves from the legislative to want the rose you must put up with the 85th, 86th, and 87th Congresses. Recipient the judicial phase of our system of gov­ thorns. of Democratic and Liberal Party endorse- ernment. 1962 CONGRESSIO~AL jlECORD - HOUSE 6177 In departing from -the House of Rep­ ta find a more delightful person than I ,am confident that Lester will be an resentatives he leaves behind a legacy of Lester Holtzman. . - . excellent jurist just as he was an ex­ wisdom and respect· which will be_ long I trust that h-e will .find many years cellent legislator in the House of Repre­ remembered by all of us privileged to of joy in his newly chosen profession as sentatives~ know him. · jurist. His capabilities are such that he Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker. I yi-eld -to We wili miss Judge Holtzman's good will find n-o difficulty in fitting into the the gentleman from New York [Mr. counset new niche that life has carved out f.or GILBERT]. We will miss his knowledgeable ap­ him. Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, when proach to -legislative 11aestions. It w.as a great .and sincere pleasure to our esteemed colleague, the Honorable We will miss his special competence have served with him as a Member of Lester Holtzman, was elected to the New in matters within the realm -of the the House of Representatives. York Supreme Court bench in 1961, the judiciary. Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, will the g.en­ Congr.ess lost -one of its most valuable we will miss him .as a good friend and ·tleman yield? legislato.n.s. a .great American. Mr. CELLER. I am happy to yield to I have been closely associated with But we take solace in the fact thait the gentleman from New York. · him for many years; I vaiue our friend­ Judge Holtzman's exceptional abiYties Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, .I am very ship, and because I know him so well, will not be lost to public service. happy to join in this deserving tribute I can truthfully state ,that Lester Holtz­ He will continue to serv-e in the cause to former Congressman Lester Holtz­ man is one of the most sincere, dedicated of justice, preserving and insuring the man. who now graces the New York State men ever to have served in this body. ideals of our great Nation. Supreme Court as one of its justices. He served in the Congress from 1953 to Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Sp.eaker, will the I was privileged to meet Judge Holtz­ 1961, where his ability as a brilliant law­ gentleman. yield? man at the very beginning of the 83d maker was evident; as -a. member of the Congress, in January of 1953. He and I important Committee on the .Judiciary Mr. CELLER. I yield to the distin­ had been elected to our first terms to guished gentleman trom New York. he re:radered outstanding and conscien­ Congress in the November 1952 election. tious servi-ce in the consideration and Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, our dis­ From the very beginning of our acquaint­ disposition of proposed legislation before tinguished and genial dean always does ance I saw in Mr. Holtzman certain that committee. nicely the nice things. This afternoon qualities not frequently nor ordinarily You will agree with me, I kn-ow, that is no exception. Today the chairman found in men in public service. I found he was always a perfect gentleman, has dealt fairly with a fine ·character in him to be warm, generous, understand· kindly and friendly to all. He was noted the person of our former .colleague, now ing, able, and he was certainly -dedicated f-or his deep interes-t in. his constituents, $upreme Court Justi.ce Lester Holtzman. to his office. 1Ie served in this Jiouse his consideration Gf them, and his devo­ Mr. Speaker, I .am most happy to join for 9 y.ears, and during that period ot tion to his duties in behalf of his country with the gentleman from New York -[Mr. time I probab1y was closer to him than and the people he represented. His CELLER] in paying tribute to our f-ellow .any other Member. honor and integrity, his um-ailing good New Yorker, Lester Holtzman. A1though we are of oppo.site political humor and thoughtfulness of others, en­ When Justice Holtzman began his faiths. our friendship grew stronger be­ deared him to all of us, and to all who service in Congress in 1953, I came to cause I found him to be an honorable know him. know him and to develop a great respect man, I found him to be a good family Lester Holtzman pr-oy,ed himself to be for his qualifications as a man and as a man, and 1 found him to be a human an-outstanding legislator while a Member lawyer. · As a member of the bar for person of the House of Representatives. He is years, I have met innumerable lawyers Mr. Speaker, Judge Holtzman under­ now proving himself to be one of the and I have been able to discern in some stands people. He likes people and has ablest men on the supreme court bench of them the qualifications that contrib­ never turned his back to anyone seek­ of the State of New York; .his judicial ute to .greatness in the legal profession. ing his help or his advice.. As a matter demeanor, his sense of fairness, his These q_ualifications are -a:11 present in of fact, Judge Holtzman and I were patience, his fine legal mind and astute­ our good friend, Lester Holtzman. roommates during his 9 years here in ness in interpretation of the law, his The Supreme Court of the State of Washington. I miss him very much. As ability to recognize what is just and New York is one of the busiest judicial ·a matter of fact, I believe every Mem­ equitable, all enable him to deal fairly tribunals in the country and service on ber of this House who knew him well with those who come before him and to the bench in that court requires a fine misses him. dispense justice as provided under the legal mind. a judicial temperament, as His ability, his intelligence and knowl­ law. well as a knowledge of and a feeling for edge of the law placed him in a position His presence is missed here in the one's fellow man. Lester Holtzinan of prominence in his home county and Halls of Congress. I wish him, from the combines these characteristics to an un­ State. , These qualities were readily rec­ bottom of my heart, many years -of hap· usually high degree. I know that as a ognized, and last November he was piness and gratification in his duties as member of that bench he will have many elected to the high court of the State of a justice of the Supreme Court of the opportunities to put to use these fine New York. State of New York. qualities. The people oi Queens County Mr. Speaker, I would like to join and Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield to are fortunate in having such a judge make this a bipartisan tribute in ex­ the gentleman from New York, our dis· presiding in their highest court. tending to his wife, Mae, and to his son, tinguished colleague [Mr. RooNEY] . Along with my colleagues here in the .Matthew, and to Lester, my best and Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, I should House, I wish all success in his new sincerest wishes, and may they enjoy like to join the distinguished and beloved career to our dear friend, Lester Holtz­ health, happiness, and good fortune for dean of the New Y-ork delegation, the man. many, many years to come. Honorable EMANUEL CELLER, in his com­ Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, will .Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield mendation of our distinguished former the gentleman yield? to the distinguished gentleman from colleague, the gentleman from New York, Mr. CELLER. I am happy to yield to Pennsylvania [Mr. WALTER]. Mr. Holtzman. Howev.er, I should at the the gentleman from New York. Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I am outset say that our dean's reference to Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I, grateful to join with my friends of the · the quotation from Mark Twain prompts too, desire to join the Members of the New York State delegation in paying me to observe that I am here to praise House in saying a few words about our tribute to the Honorable Lester Holtz­ Lou Holtzman, not to bury him. former colleague, Lester Holtzman, who man, a Member of this great body for 9 · During his years of service as a dis­ has since ascended the supreme court years .and now a justice of the New York tinguished Member of this House, I came bench of the State of New York. State Supreme Court. to kn-ow -of Judge Holtzman's many capa­ An able-citizen, a good father and hus­ Lester always impressed me by his bilities. He will undoubtedly carry out band, a . great legislator, a true friend gracious and mild mannerisms and his the duties of his office as a justice of with a keen sense of humor, an excel­ firm convictions. He had a tremendous the "Supreme Court of the State of New lent companion-what else can one say personality, and it always was a pleasure York with the same devotion, loyalty, in describing a man? One must go far to be in his company. and integrity with which he served his 6178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 constituents of the Sixth Congressional He presented a dignified, high-le.vel to help his parents and to improve him­ District in Queens. campaign, based on his record and abil­ self. As a youngster he worked during I have certainly missed my good friend, ity to cope with the high office. The field the day to help his family, and went Lou Holtzman, since his election to the of candidates was outstanding. When to school in the evenings in order to bench last fall and take this opportunity the votes were counted, Lester scored the secure an education. He attended St. of extending congratulations and very highest number. The vote reflected the John's Law School where he was presi­ best wishes to him and his charming esteem, the confidence, and the affection dent of his senior class, a member of wife, Mae. They have the Rooneys• the public holds for Lester. The magni­ the student council-faculty association, prayers for many, many more years of tude of his triumph is still the talk of a recipient of the Indianhead Award as continued success, good health, and the tricounty judicial district. an outstanding student, and from which happiness with their fine children. It is only fitting that we, his colleagues, he was graduated with honors. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, at this pay him this homage on the floor of the He was actively engaged in the prac­ time I yield to the gentleman from New House. I am sure he knows how we all tice of law in Queens County from 1936 York [Mr. HALPERN]. feel. But we want all of the American until his resignation from Congress and Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I am people to know of the admiration and af­ his elevation to the bench the first of privileged to join the distinguished gen­ fection his colleagues have for him. I this year. tleman from New York [Mr. CELLER] am privileged and pleased to join in this Active in many circles, he was chosen and my colleagues in this House, in pay­ most meaningful tribute. to run for the House of Representatives ing a tribute to our good friend and I am proud of my friendship with this in 1952, and accomplished the most un­ former colleague, Lester Holtzman. fine gentleman and his lovely wife Mae, usual feat of getting elected as a Demo­ Mr. Speaker, Lester Holtzman .is a and I want to extend to both of them and crat despite the Eisenhower landslide unique man. He possesses all the at­ to Joy and Matthew my warmest compli­ that year. His steadily mounting ma­ tributes that make for greatness. ments and my heartiest best wishes for jorities indicated the high regard his As a representative of the people in many, many years of success, health, and constituents had for his ability. I am the Congress of the United States, Lester happiness. told that in the House he easily won the served with rare distinction. He was an Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I yield to affection and admiration of all because unusually able Congressman. He com­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania, a for­ of his calm, friendly, and unassuming bined the rare qualities of statesman­ mer colleague of Mr. Justice Holtzman, manner, his attention to details, and his ship and brilliant legal talent with a and a member of the Committee on the desire to be helpful and cooperative. His magnetic warmth, personal charm, a Judiciary [Mr. TOLL]. interest in public affairs, his common­ fantastic and irrepressible sense of Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, it was a real sense approach to all problems, and his humor and an inate political acumen. delight to be associated with the distin­ dedication to his responsibilities mark The record of his years in Congress re­ guished gentleman from New York, the him as a man who has won the com­ flect the magnitude of his concern for Honorable Lester Holtzman. I served plete respect and warm friendship of the problems of the people of his district with him on Subcommittee No. 5 of the his colleagues on both sides of the aisle. and of the country. Committee on the Judiciary and was able I most wholeheartedly and sincerely As a justice of the Supreme Court of to observe his unusual ability and his wish Lester Holtzman every possible the State of New York, Lester Holtzman complete dedication to his work as a success and good fortune in the future. is already distinguishing himself as a member of the Committee on the He deserves no less. master of jurisprudence, as a humane, Judiciary. His searching questions fre­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I now humble, scholarly and wise juris'.;-win­ quently brought out the background in­ 'Yield to the gentleman from New York ning respect and admiration on both formation which was desired on pending [Mr. ADDABBO]. sides of the bench. matters which were the subject of in­ Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, it is I have been privileged to know Lester vestigation. with great pleasure that I join my col­ for almost 20 years. It has been a fine, Our colleague was a very pleasant leagues today in paying tribute to our warm, and inspiring friendship. In a companion, and constantly enlightened farmer colleague, Hon. Lester Holtzman, way, my association with him is perhaps the spirits of his colleagues with stories who resigned from this body to accept the more unique than that of any others in in a lighter vein. I admired his strong responsibilities of justice of the Supreme his vast legion of friends. I have been affection for the distinguished and Court, State of New York. both a competitor and an ally, learned chairman of the Committee on As good friends we found ourselves the Judiciary, the Honorable EMANUEL Lester Holtzman was first elected to competing for the same public office. I CELLER. The chairman was constantly the House of Representatives in 1952 refer to the congressional campaign of supported by our colleague, Lester Holtz­ with a plurality of less than 500 votes. 1954. As the then State senator who man, and materially contributed to the In · the election of 1960 he received a represented a portion of Lester's dis­ successful administration of the commit­ plurality of 74,210 votes. In my opinion, trict, I was named by my party to run tee. I hope that Judge Holtzman is suc­ there is no better testimonial to the · against Lester for the seat he captured cessful in his new post on the bench. quality of his service to his district than in 1952. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I now the citation of these figures. Lester It was a hard campaign. We both yield to the worthy successor of Justice served his people well, they appreciated gave our all to it. He was a formidable Holtzman, the gentleman from New York it, and gave him their vote of confidence foe. He knew the office; he handled the [Mr. ROSENTHALL on election day. issues like the champ that he was; and Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I It is my belief that each freshman above all, he knew the people and they deem it a very great privilege to join with Member of this body has a few friends, in knew him. Lester won that election and my many colleagues today in tribute the beginning, to whom he turns for ad­ I could not have lost to a better man. to a man I greatly admire-my predeces­ vice and counsel as he learns the func­ Four years later I ran for Congress in sor, Hon. Lester Holtzman, who was a tions and workings of this great House my present district which covers the ma­ Member of this body for 9 years before of Representatives. Lester represented jor part of my old senate district. This leaving the end of last year to ascend to the district adjoining mine, and I nat­ time I won and became a colleague of the supreme court bench in New York urally turned to him when I needed help. Lester's. - State. He always found the time and was most We served together, representing ad­ Much has been said in praise of him, helpful. He is a true friend in every joining districts for 3 years. Then a and much more can be said-all richly sense of the word. great and well-deserved honor was be­ deserved by one who is held high in the We miss Lester Holtzman greatly, but stowed on Lester. His fine ability, his esteem of all who have come to know we are happy for him that he is back in talent for the law, his human under­ him. New York, working in the cause of standing, his even temperament, his Lester Holtzman was born in New justice, and with his beloved family. levelheadedness, his enlightened outlook, York City, the son of immigrant par­ Our loss is the gain of the judicial sys­ were recognized by his party and he was ents fiercely proud of the opportunities tem of the State of New York. nominated for the supreme court in the offered them and their children in this I join with my colleagues in wishing 10th judicial district, comprising Queens, wonderful land of ours. From early for . Judge Holtzman and his family a Nassau, and Suffolk Counties. childhood Lester worked hard and 'long long, healthy, and happy life. 1962 what I am most happy to add my voice to paying tribute to a great fellow Texan he is. It is well known to his friends those of my colleagues and the rest of and an unexcelled leader of our present that he is and has always been a prodi­ the world in congratulating and offering day. · gious worker. He works all the time. iny most sincere good wishes to our Vice To me, Vice President JOHNSON is a Sometimes those of us who are somewhat President on his silver congressional man of simplicity, dealing with the senior to him in years have taken it upon anniversary. most complicated and intricate problems. ourselves to try to slow him down. In­ Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, 25 years I think one of the first things which variably he agrees with us that he should ago today the 10th District of Texas anyone who has an association with but invariably he does not do any such elected a new Congressman. Although LYNDON JOHNSON must observe is his thing. All those of us who love him can I then represented and still represent dedication. He is dedicated to his re­ do is to shake our heads and say that we the adjoining 11th District, and although sponsibilities in Government, he is dedi­ do not see how he does it, and then, like I had served in the Texas Legislature cated to his family and friends, and to good friends, we do the best we can to for 10 years and had spent considerable our great State of Texas. It has always help him. More power to him · and a time in Austin, I was not acquainted been my feeling that a man who was personal salute from me to him on this with the new Member. Actually, he had dedicated, who was conscientious, who 25th anniversary of his coming to the been in Washington most of the time I did bear in mind his responsibilities con­ Congress. was in Austin and had gone back to stantly and who sought to do the right Mr. BROOKS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Texas about the time I came to Congress. thing, would usually do the right thing. there is little about the life and outstand­ In due course this new Member came I believe this to be true with LYNDON ing accomplishments of the Vice Presi­ to Washington in company with Presi­ JOHNSON. dent of the United States that is not al­ dent Roosevelt who visited Texas shortly It has always amazed me that he is ready well known by every American. after the election and who already knew able to pay attention to what is ordi­ The fact that he has responded to the call the Congressman-elect and considered narily considered to be little things. But of duty as a Member of the House of him a close friend. LYNDON JOHNSON he must als0 subscribe to the theory that Representatives, as a Member of the U .s: was assigned an office directly across the big things are made up of many smaller Senate, as Democratic leader of the Sen­ hall from the suite I then occupied in ate and as Vice President is a point of the old building. We immediately be­ matters, just as the fallen sparrow be­ special pride to those of us who have sup­ came friends, and I have cherished that comes matter in the earth again . . He ported him in each of these public re­ friendship ever since. knows where the political sparrow falls sponsibilities. That was at the time the REA was and is ever mindful of the concerns and Twenty-five years ago the principal just getting into serious operation. I the interests, the happiness and the trou­ problems which beset our country con­ have always been interested in the work bles of his friends. In my long associa~ cerned the health of our domestic econ­ of that agency, but I quickly found that tion with him, he has always been will~ omy. LYNDON JOHNSON came to Con­ LYNDON knew considerably more about it ing to st.are and bear the troubles and gress and put his shoulder to the wheel 6186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-- HOUSE April 10 to help put our country back on its feet Mr. WRIGHT. Mr: Speaker, it is al­ of the United States at the direction of again. together fitting that we should take this the President, Vice President JOHNSON After World War II the battlelines of time today to observe the 25th anniver­ has demonstrated that same unrivaled the cold war quickly began to form and sary of our great Vice President's first skill in dealing with people which ele­ LYNDON JOHNSON carried his keen inter­ coming to Congress. We all should be vated him to a stature of such preemi­ est in the defense of our country to the grateful to our colleague, Mr. THORN­ nence in the U.S. Senate. His is a skill Senate with him. As the race in space BERRY, for having reserved this time for and a dedication which we sorely need technology got underway, LYNDON JOHN­ this purpose. in the councils of the world, and I salute SON as Democratic leader of the U.S. The service LYNDON B. JOHNSON has and applaud the wisdom of President Senate was first away from the starting rendered to his country during this quar­ John F. Kennedy for utilizing this great line encouraging our Nation to move for­ ter of a century has been singular in skill to the utmost in behalf of our ward as quickly as possible. many respects. Always and in every­ Nation. Now, Mr. Speaker, as we stand to­ thing, LYNDON JOHNSON'S outlook has LYNDON JOHNSON is still a young man. gether in fighting the battles for freedom been constructive. His dedication has I am convinced that his greatest service and decency in the world on many fronts been unswerving. His attitude has been to our Nation lies before him. under the leadership of our Commander positive, not negative. He has sought Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, I rise at in Chief, LYNDON JOHNSON'S horizon of first the good of. his country, and has this time to pay tribute to one of the duties and responsibilities reach toward brought to the public service as keen and greatest living Americans of our time­ every country of the free world. alert a mentality as we have seen or are the Vice President of the United States. likely to see. To these he has added a When LYNDON JOHNSON first came to the It is good to know that our country bounding energy which refuses to be can still raise up leaders to meet the new Congress 25 years ago, all who knew him abated. knew that he was destined for great challenges of our time--leaders like LYNDON JOHNSON began to make his LYNDON JOHNSON whose vision and ca­ things and for positions of high respon­ mark very early after coming to Con­ sibility. No one, of course, could know pacity have grown with the problems of gress. His skills at human relations soon our Nation. that one day he would be the Vice Presi­ were recognized. He had been in the dent of the United States and that he Mr. KILGORE. Mr. Speaker, it has House of Representatives for only 4 years been said of our friend, the Vice Presi­ would grace that office with an ability when the death of our late beloved Sen­ and distinction that would win for him dent, that he acts as if there would never ator Morris Sheppard created a vacancy be a tomorrow. There is truth in this the admiration of Americans and free­ to which many in our State urged him dom-loving peoples throughout the characterization, as those of us know to aspire. So outstanding had been his who have ever worked with LYNDON world. His limitless energy and deter­ service that then, in 1941, as only a two mined drive have marked him as a doer JOHNSON on any project. But it is a term Member of the House, LYNDON limited truth. of great things, but, more than anything JOHNSON came within a mere handful else, his sincerity and dedication to pur­ It is true that LYNDON JOHNSON is not of votes of being elected to the U.S. Sen­ pose have endeared him to the hearts in favor of wasting time. He is not ate. I vividly recall one statement pub­ of his fell ow men everywhere. Our notable for putting off until afternoon licly made by LYNDON JOHNSON during country and our world is a better, safer, what he thinks should be done in the the course of that campaign. He said and a more secure place because of him morning. that if it should ever become necessary and people of high and low station hav~ But he knows there is a tomorrow, all for him as a Senator to vote to send American men into the war then raging cc,me to rely heavily upon his fair and right. In a very real sense, it may be cool judgment. said of this man that all during the 25 in Europe and Asia, ''LYNDON B. JOHN­ years he has held elective office he has SON will leave his seat in the U.S. Sen­ The pace and progress of our great been looking toward all the tomorrows ate and go with them." Nation has been to a great extent the and trying to anticipate the problems Before that year had ended, the sneak stature of the great Americans that it they will bring. attack at Pearl Harbor catapulted us has produced over the years. This being into that most devastating of all wars. so, we can all take comfort in the knowl­ LYNDON JOHNSON'S entire adult life has edge that the presence of Vice Presi­ been one of public service. His trade­ True to his word, LYNDON JOHNSON left his seat in the House of Representatives dent LYNDON JOHNSON establishes beyond mark, one might say, is dedication to the doubt that the country's ability to job at hand-and his vision always goes to serve in the Navy. He became, in fact, the very first of many Members of produce men of distinction, determina­ beyond the immediate job, projecting tion, and ability remains undiminished. itself into a future that JOHNSON believes, Congress to enter the armed services in that time of national need. It is well recognized that in this great and can make others believe, will be American we have a man of outstanding every bit as challenging and rewarding This has been in one sense typical of the services rendered his Nation by statesmanship-capable of handling the as any past era that may be chosen as intricate problems of domestic policy as the brightest in our history. LYNDON B. JOHNSON. Without asking the cost to himself, he has characteris­ well as the delicate problems of our Our Vice President is not a man who international relations. Our great Presi­ has patience with the defeatist doctrine tically plunged in and applied the great skills at his command to doing the job dent has seen fit to share his respon­ that the United States already has hit its sibility with this outstanding American highest peaks and will be mainly on the that needed to be done. Not to be denied, he was elected to and the Nation cheers the wisdom of his downgrade from now on. He believes, choice. It is understandable that all and his faith stands out in all he does, the U.S. Senate in 1948 at the age of 39. His truly outstanding service there is Texans share a special pride i:l this re­ not only that there will be a tomorrow­ markable native son who has demon­ but, also and more important, that to­ such recent history that it needs little recitation or repetition at this time. In strated as much as any man that he morrow can be better. And he has a re­ truly possesses the enviable ability to markable talent for inspiring others to a the Senate, he was the youngest man ever elected as the leader of his party, "walk with kings and yet not lose the similar belief and for causing them to common touch." work with him to make it come true. and was the only Senator ever so elected during his first term in that body. I Mr. Speaker, I most sincerely con­ This House, closest of all our govern­ think it is no exaggeration to say that gratulate Vice President LYNDON JoHN­ mental institutions to the American peo­ LYNDON B. JOHNSON was certainly the soN on the completion of 25 years of ple, has abundant reason to be proud of most effective Senate majority leader in service to our country, and I predict this graduate. And, of course, being a this century, and quite probably in the many, many more years of devoted effort Texan, I naturally feel that I am among entire history of the U.S. Senate. in the cause of the Nation to which he those Members who have particular rea­ But it is not a time for eulogy. The has dedicated his life. son to feel pride in his accomplishments entire story of LYNDON B. JOHNSON has Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, it is ·of the past quarter century and in his not yet been written. This quarter cen­ an honor to request that a speech re­ continuing determination to work hard tury of service which we observe today cently delivered by the Honorable LYN­ today to insure that there will be a to­ is, I feel, but prolog to the great serv­ DON B. JOHNSON, the Vice President of morrow-the right kind of tomorrow for ice which lies ahead of him. In his the United States, be included in my America and the world. trips abroad representing the President extension of remarks. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6187 Texas - has produced great men · to Perhaps I can explain how much I really no man prefers another because of his faith, serve our Nation; certainly our National have gained from work in this field by talk­ or despises him because of his color. Here ing a bit about a magazine article I read there are no quotas of how many from each Capital, Washington, is a better witness years ago. It was written by a man named group are admitted or allowe~. Theirs is to this than some of us newcomers. One Libby Benedict. the highest and 'the purest democracy. of the greatest men-if not the great­ He pointed out that when someone slurs "And many living among us, the living, est--to emerge from my native State Negroes, Jews, · or Italians, many people who • • • lifts his hand to hate against a is LYNDON JOHNSON. This speech-reflects often respond by saying, "Look at Ralph brother, or thinks himself superior to the basic force that has made Texas Bunche," or, "What about Einstein?" or, those who happen to be in the minority, great: the contribution to its common "Have you heard of Toscanini?" makes of this ceremony and of the bloody Benedict made what seemed to me a vital sacrifice it commemorates, an empty, hollow wealth by men of all racial and ethnic point when he said that while these de­ mockery." backgrounds. In unity and with the fenders of Negroes, Jews, or Italians mean That ls a remark which reflects brilliantly common cause of liberty to :fight for well, they have the wrong approach. Let the principles of morality, of religion, of these men of diverse background gained m e quote Benedict: respect for human worth, on which this Na­ victory. "What a minority group wants is not the tion was founded. On this day, when our Vice President right to have geniuses among them, but the MORAL OBLIGATION right to have fools and scoundrels-without celebrates l:is silver anniversary, so to being condemned as a group. Each generation has an obligation to keep speak, of his emergence into the national "Every group has about the same propor­ those principles alive. scene, these remarks of his are a testi­ tion of wrongdoers. But when wrongdoers Each generation is obligated to expand monial of the man. belong to a minority group their number is their impact, to make them more meaning­ Let us all wish him well and God­ magnified in the minds of other people. ful to more people. speed and sustenance in all he does. Minorities would gladly give up the reflected You and I know what the obstacles are. glory of their great men, if only the world John Stuart Mill once wrote that, "The The speech follows: didn't burden them with the ignominy of despotism of custom is everywhere a stand­ REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT LYNDON B. their scoundrels." ing hindrance to human advancement." JOHNSON, PREPARED FOR DELIVERY UPON We see the painful truth of this as we OUR OWN RIGHTS RECEIPT OF 1961 ANTIDISCRIMiNATION observe efforts to erase from our society the AWARD, AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS, OF It seems to me that if any people could blot of racial and religious discrimination. BALTIMORE, :J.14D., APRIL 3, 1962 take that lesson to heart it would be us And I say this with no "holier than thou" Americans. For who among us has not felt attitude. We all have been influenced by TO ADVANCE HUMAN DIGNITY the sting of being in a minority at one time the ideas, the assumptions, the likes, the dis­ I accept this honor with a reluctance that or another? , likes, of our fathers and grandfathers. Each goes way beyond modesty. I remember so I make that point only as a reminder that of us is to some degree a victim of our en­ weJl the remark made to me many years ago when we stand up against bigotry we are vironments. by a wise old Texan. "Young man," he said, not being charitable to "other" groups. We What we must do is free ourselves, and "just remember that how many awards and are protecting our own liberties, our own help to free each other, from the ignorance, honors you have isn't the real sign of great­ precious rights to be judged as individuals. the outmoded notions, that are incompatible ness. It's how many you deserve." I am sure that the President, and the with a free society in an age of nuclear I can't think of any honor I've ever wanted many others who are giving such courageous weapons and space vehicles. to deserve more than this one. I cherish leadership to efforts to achieve true equality The recent flight into the distant yonder the very thought that I have contributed in of opportunity for all our citizens are doing by Colonel Glenn was just one dramatic some measures to spreading liberty and op­ so because they know that only in this way example of the extent to which we can over­ portunity to more of our citizens. can they insure that their children will be come ignorance if only we devote the neces­ Yet, I know deep in my heart that I have free. sary resources and energy to the job. done only what any responsible Vice Presi­ Why should our Government be so con­ We can also rip the veil of mystery from dent should do. I have done only what mil­ cerned about racial injustice? the dark outer spaces of human behavior lions of dedicated Americans are doing and There are some hard, practical considera­ if we will devote the necessary effort to find­ trying to do. tions that none of us can overlook: ing ways in which the human race can live That is why I have come with reluctance. Our country and the whole free world is within a true brotherhood of man under the I accept this honor in good conscience confronted with an immense challenge. fatherhood of God. only because I view it as a token of apprecia­ It is a challenge that stretches from the The Federal Government did not hesitate tion and encouragement to those Americans, rice paddies of Vietnam to the rain forests to take on leadership in a scientific effort including members of the American Jewish of Africa to the steamy villages of Latin where our goal is truly the stars. Congress, who have worked so long to make America-right on the farthest reaches of I say that the Federal Government must the American dream a thing of life. outer space. be equally zealous in its leadership of the But I could never view this plaque as a To meet that challenge in triumph we effort to solve the problems of the human tribute to me alone. You see, I got my shall need every resource this Nation can mind and spirit. "reward" for my efforts against discrimina­ muster. One problem is that scientific progress is tion -long before tonight. We shall need the intellectual genius, so easy to identify. My reward has been an increased under­ moral strength, political astuteness, orator­ HATE IS NOT INEVITABLE standing and appreciation of what my coun­ ical skill, mechanical know-how-all these try stands for and must be. and many things more we shall need. Progress in the field of human relations is often difficult to see or measure. My "profit" has been a sharper awareness We must remember, as Harry Emerson Fos­ dick once said, that "Democracy is based And when conflict is so much more news­ of what it is we offer when we Americans worthy than amity, people are likely to be­ speak to the world. upon the conviction that there are extraor­ dinary possibilities in ordinary people." come lethargic, to fall victim to despair. MANKIND IN CHANGE Whatever may be offered by a lad trapped But I am not prepared to accept the notion In the last several months I have been in the slums of Harlem, or a youngster iso­ that racial or religious hatred and conflict in many countries on several continents. lated on an Indian reservation, or a boy are inevitable any more than our forefathers I have seen many faces in that great mass struggling along on a midwestern farm­ were prepared to accept muddy roads and of mankind which is caught up in turbulent whatever each can offer, the Nation must horses and buggl.es as an inevitable part of change. receive. life. I have seen people who most of all need I think one of the most moving tributes We have got to believe that we can make hope. to democracy and human freedom that I this country a foremost example of what is I have seen people who are yearning to ever read was the statement by Chaplain possible for all the world. be free. Roland B. Gittelsohn a few years ago when We must have confidence that we can I have seen people who are struggling to he dedicated the 5th Marine Division Ceme­ make ours a society in which men and break the bonds of poverty, illness, and il­ tery on Iwo Jima. He said : women of all races, religions, and back­ literacy. "Somewhere in this plot of ground there grounds can live under conditions of mutual You cannot work for long with the Presi­ may lie the man who could have discovered respect and of true equality of opportunity. dent's Committee on Equal Employment Op­ the cure for cancer. Under one of these I believe that we can. portunity without achieving a better un­ Christian crosses, or beneath a Jewish Star ROAD TO PROGRESS derst anding of the forces that are most of David, there may rest now a man who was You see, I came to Washington from Texas powerful among these people in far-distant destined to be a great prophet • • • . Now some 30 years ago. I remember what lands. they lie here silently in this sacred soil, Washington was like then. I remember After all, the goal of our human rights and we gather to consecrate this earth to :how difficult it wa:s for a Negro to get a organizations is to provide for our own citi­ their memory • • •. Government job of any importance or zens the hope and freedom that we hold "Here lie officers and men, Negroes and prestige. forth as a goal to these masses in other whites, rich men and poor • • •. Here are We have come a long way in those 30 lands. · Protestants, Catholics, and Jews • • •. Here years. 6188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 You know, I got a sharp, personal re­ and the people of his home State of He exemplifies the Horatio Alger story minder of what has been happening in this Texa-s. with a political theme. When he com­ country recently when I went to San An­ This long and distinguished period of tonio to, urge the people to elect HENRY B. pleted high school, he started to college GONZALEZ to Congress. - service began 25 years ago today, on at Southwest Texas State College with We made whistle stops all over town. . April 10, 1937, when the Honorable Mr. barely enough money to register. By Late in the day we_ stopped near a big super­ JOHNSON was elected to the House of hard work and initiative, he earned his market. I was given an eloquent introduc­ Representatives from the 10th Con­ education. His last college job was sec­ tion by a Negro who has been a friend for gressional District of Texas in a spe .. retary to the college president. ma.ny years. cial election. The people of his dis­ After a short term as a teacher of Then, if I may be modest enough to say trict reelected him as their Representa­ public speaking at Houston, he entered so, I got up and delivered what I hoped was a good speech. tive to the 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, and the political :field as a secretary to Rep­ As the meeting broke up a middle-aged 80th Congresses. resentative Dick Kleberg. It was while Negro gentlen;ian stepped up to the pick­ In 1941, just 3 days after the ter­ he was on this job that he made the up truck on which I stood and said: rible attack on Pearl Harbor, Vice Presi­ greatest contribution to Washington and "Mr. Vice President, I was born two blocks dent JOHNSON enlisted in the U.S. Navy to his own success, for it was here that from this spot. And I've lived here all of and was commissioned lieutenant com­ he met, wooed, and married Lady Bird a long life. But let me tell you that never mander. He was, I believe, the first Taylor, of Karnack, Tex. in the wildest night did I dream that I'd Member of Congress to volunteer his live long enough to have a white Texan Vice In 1935 LYNDON JOHNSON at the age President of the United States come to this services in the Armed Forces. For 7 of 27 was selected as State director for corner, be introduced by a Negro, and get months he served as special emissary for a new program to help young people up and appeal to the people to vote for President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Aus­ through the depression by providing a man named Gonzalez." tralia and New Zealand. While serv­ part-time jobs so that they could finish That was a sharply touching moment for ing in the Navy, Mr. JOHNSON was high school or college and vocational me, because until that remark was made I awarded the Silver Star for gallantry training for those young people who was completely unaware of what really had under fire. He still holds the rank of were not in school. This program was taken place, or of how much it signified commander in the U.S. Naval Reserves. in the way of change. the National Youth Administration of Yes, there's been a lot of change in the Mr. JOHNSON'S service, both as a legis­ Texas. last 30 years. But there's room for a lot lator and an outstanding Navy officer, In this position JOHNSON put together more. was honored by the people of Texas on an organization of young men who have I pledge to you on behalf of the President November 2, 1948, when they elected him remained his stanch friends during the that we're going to produce more progress to the U.S. Senate and again elected nearly 30 years which intervened from in the first 4 Kennedy years than the him to the Senate in 1954 and 1960. that day to this. I am happy to say country made in all those 30. I pledge you During his time of service, both in the that I was privileged to be included in that. House of Representatives and in the But I appeal to you and to the other this group. citizens of this community: join in the Senate, Mr. JOHNSON consistently and Until this good day there remain in fight. successfully maintained an interest in Texas more than 100 beautiful roadside Government cannot do the job alone. It and fought for the best interest of the parks on Texas highways constructed ought not to try to do the job alone. citizens of his home State of Texas. by the National Youth Administration. ISOLATION HAS VANISHED It seems to me, Mr. Speaker, most Nearly 100,000 young people received You know, I am sure, that large portions fitting and appropriate that the Honor­ vocational training through the medium of America once were so isolationist that able Mr. JOHNSON was elected Vice Presi­ of part-time jobs provided under the the people there cared little what happened dent of the United States on November direction of LYNDON B. JOHNSON. beyond the shores of the United States. 8, 1960, for he has, and rightly so, gained Through his leadership and his accom­ The America of isolation has vanished. a reputation throughout this great land plishments with this organization, he at­ Housewives, barbers, cabdrivers, and clerks as an outstanding and able leader. His tracted the attention of the business and from one end of the Nation to another are abilities have earned him respect as the preoccupied with questions of world affairs. political leaders not only in the Austin "Who's ahead in Africa, the Communists greatest Vice President in the history ,0f district but throughout the State of or the United States?" they ask. our Nation. He has contributed more of Texas. It was while he was in this Or, "What about this revolution that's himself and his ideas. than any Vice position that he first came to the atten­ stirring up so much trouble in Latin Amer­ President in history. The respect of his tion of two men who later had a great in­ ica?" colleagues in the U.S. Senate was shown fluence on his career, President Frank­ Mr. and Mrs. Average American must real­ when they elected him Democratic leader lin D. Roosevelt and the Congressman ize that deeply involved in the crises that of the Senate in 1953, a position he held from the Fourth Texas District, Sam beset Africa, Asia, and Latin America is this until he became Vice President. Rayburn. question of equal justice. This fundamental human yearning for dignity is at the very Since my election to this body, Mr. I shall leave to others the success heart of so much of the turmoil with which Speaker, the Vice President has shown story of LYNDON JOHNSON in the House, we and others are grappling. me every courtesy and has been of great in the Senate, and as our distinguished In summing up, let me again express my assistance in my assumption of the du­ Vice President. Suffice it to say here appreciation for this honor. I have given ties of a U.S. Representative. I value his that during the 25 years that LYNDON you many reasons why I have engaged in friendship highly. I respect his leader­ JOHNSON has been in Washington, he these activities that you seem to think ship capabilities. has carved a place in history. For here worthy of special mention. The remarks by my colleagues, I feel, he is in his element as a persuasive and I must conclude by giving you the only are most appropriate, for this great Tex­ masterful leader. His ability to resolve reason that should really matter in the long run. an and great American most surely de­ differences between various individuals I am against bigotry and discrimination serves the respect, admiration, and honor and factions is unequaled. because I think they are wrong. of all Americans. Probably, his greatest personal asset I am for human understanding, for equal Thank you, Mr. Speaker. is absolute devotion to those with whom justice, for equality of opportunity because Mr. ROBERTS of Texas. Mr. Speak­ he serves-be it the President or the I think they are right. er, 25 years a.go today, the voters of the janitors in his office. He is always will­ May this country always be the kind where 10th Texas District elected a new Con­ ing to give more than he asks of anyone. a man needs, and the people demand, no gressman. The man elected was LYNDON The nomination for the Vice Presi­ greater explanation than this. BAINES JOHNSON; of Johnson City. dency was neither solic1ted nor desired, I thank you. · Although he had served as a congres­ but when the challenge came, LYNDON Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, the sional secretary, this young man had JOHNSON accepted the responsibilities people of the State of Texas owe a very never before offered for public office. with all the fervor that was in him. real debt of gratitude to the Vice Presi­ His election to this high office at age 28 To that high office he has brought dent of the United States, the Honorable was even more remarkable, for his home new luster. To his home State of Texas LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON, for this great county had been a part of the 10th Dis­ he has brought great honor. To his Texan has dedicated almost half of his trict only 2 years. But then, everything country and the Democratic Party he has life to the service of the United States about LYNDON B. JOHNSON is remarkable. brought devotion and ability equaling 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6189 and surpassing the magnitude of the To me that typifies the true LYNDON , President of the United States, the Hon­ vast responsibilities placed on him in this JOHNSON and serves to depict the human orable LYNDON JOHNSON. I have served time of crisis. side of his very busy life. It is a pleasure with the Vice President for 25 years. In Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I and an honor to me to join in these ex- my humble judgment, by any yardstick, was in the Texas Legislature in Austin, pressions here today. As a Member of he is one of the most able men that it has Tex., 25 years ago when Vice President the House of Representatives, as a U.S. been my pleasure to serve with. His JOHNSON made his first race for Con­ Senator, and now as Vice President, LYN- ability and attainments place him at the gress. I recall visiting him at his head­ DON JOHNSON has made his mark as one top of the ladder with all Americans. I quarters in Austin. He was dynamic of the most able and respected statesmen wish for him many, long, useful, and and forceful then; he is more so now. of this day. happy years of continued success. Previously I had met him at Baylor Uni­ Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, a quar- Mr. DOWDY. Mr. Speaker, 25 years versity when Vice President John N. ter·of a century ago on this date LYNDON ago today there emerged from Texas a Garner was honored by Baylor Univer­ B. JOHNSON was elected to the House of fresh, new voice in American Govern­ sity in the fall of 1936. Representatives from the Austin, Tex., ment. As the Representative of the Throughout more than 25 years I have district. Washington was a familiar Tenth Congressional District of Texas, known our great and distinguished Vice place to LYNDON B. JOHNSON at that time. as U.S. Senator from Texas, and as the President. This has been a rich and He had served in Washir.gton for quite Vice President of the United States, LYN­ rewarding experience for me. a number of years as the secretary to DON BAINES JOHNSON has served his Na­ No man works harder and plans with Hon. Richard Kleberg of the Corpus tion and people with distinction. more precision than our friend we honor Christi district. Long before his election On this occasion of recognition of his and congratulate today. to Congress, he had demonstrated traits quarter century of public service in Con­ Vice President JOHNSON is a good man of character and leadership which gress, I join with my colleagues, mem­ and an able man, one who has excelled marked him for a role of importance in bers of the Texas delegation, and mil­ in countless ways. He is an accom­ the affairs of government. lions of well wishers in every country in plished legislative leader, and a very The career of LYNDON JOHNSON has the world who extend Vice President great and successful Vice President. been one of the most interesting and JOHNSON praise for his achievements and No man in the past 25 years has more successful in the history of our country. good wishes for the future. consistently battled for a strong defense He served the people of his district with Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish system for America than Vice President indefatigable industry and zeal in the to join with my colleagues in congratu­ JOHNSON. In many respects he has led House of Representatives. He increased lating Vice President LYNDON B. JOHN­ the way to strengthen and keep America his stature in Washington and in Texas. s~>N on the 25th anniversary of his elec­ strong. Moreover, we know that he has He was elected to the Senate in 1948. tion to the U.S. Congress. been unusually successful in pushing for­ Here he continued to show remarkable For a quarter of a century now, LYN­ ward at a rapid rate our space program. qualities of leadership. In rapid sue- D?N JOI_INSON has served his country and Vice President JOHNSON has fought a cession he became whip, minority leader, his native State of Texas well, first .as a good fight in behalf of freedom and free­ and majority leader of the senate. As Member of the House of Representatives, men. He always has kept faith with the leader of the Senate he won national then as Senator and Senate majority people of this great Nation and those and international acclaim. He now leader, and now as. Vice President. who love liberty and freedom around the serves with great distinction and versa- As a Member of the House of Repre- world, and it goes without saying that tility as our Vice President. sentatives, he was distinguished among he has not finished his course. In the Mr. Speaker, I take pride in the record his colleagues f?r l_Iis limitl~ss. ene~gy many years of public life he has ahead of accomplishment of my good friend and firm.det~rmmation, for h_is smcerity of him, we know this star of the Lone and fellow Texan, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, and dedication to the service of the Star State will continue to be an out­ and I want to join my colleagues on this people. . . standing force for good and will con­ 25th anniversary of his election to the As a Member of t~e Senate, Vice Presi­ tinue to make. great contributions to House in commending him for the out- dent JOHNSON co1;1tmued to grow as a bring about those realities that are es­ standing services which he has per- statesman and g.amed renown as a man formed for the State of Texas and the capabl~ of h3:ndlmg complex proble~s of sential to the American way of life at its Nation as a whole. dome~tic pohcy,_ as wel~ as the del~cate best. questions of mternational relations. We all wish for Vice President JOHN­ ~r. TE~CJ:U~ of ~exas. Mr. Speak~r, The Democratic Party leaders quickly SON and his charming family the great­ I w~sh to_ Jom m with my colleague.s m saw the potential of LYNDON JOHNSON, est happiness and success in the years paymg tr~bute today to a gr~at Ame~ican and in rapid order he was elected whip, ahead. and pubhc _servant, the Vice President minority leader, and majority leader of Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I Wish to of the Umted States, the H?norable the Senate. join with my colleagues in eulogizing LYNDON JOHNSON, OD: the occa~ion of .a In the last post, he carved a place in Vice President LYNDON B. JOHNSON on quarter of a century m the service of his history for himself as an able parliamen­ the 25th anniversary of his election to country. . . tarian and the most effective leader of the House of Representatives. Much has been written about t?is the Senate in this century. His work The Vice President is my neighbor and gre3:t man, and I am sure that anythmg as majority leader rightfully gained him my friend. The L.B.J. ranch, situated as I might say here would be superfluous. national and international attention and it is on the banks of the beautiful Ped­ Suffice it to say that I deem it an honor acclaim. ernales, in Gillespie County, is in my to have worked wit~ him when he was a Today LYNDON JOHNSON continues to congressional district. He grew up in M~n_iber of the Senate ~nd consider it a serve the country as he has always done, those hills, and he has always been a pn~ilege ~o hav~ served m. the same dele- faithfully and with a deep sense of re­ part and parcel of the community life gatilY written on the pages of Ameri- and challenge-space. As chairman of briefly, chatted amiably, calling people can history. the National Space Council, he has had a by their given names, and made it clear Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, it leading part in the great space accomp­ that he was concerned about their wel­ affords ;me great pleasure to join my lishments of which our Nation is proud. fare and wanted to make certain that colleagues in paying tribute to our dis- The Vice President's role as Chairman no one was being neglected in any way. tinguished former colleague and Vice of the National Advisory Committee on 6190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 the Peace Corps has been reflected in than has labor-management legislation. bor Board, has defined the unfair con­ the success of that worthy project. To­ The extraordinary difficulties which be- duct which the law prohibits. Congress gether with Astronaut John Glenn's epic set Congress in passing constructive gave to the Labor Board the job of de­ flight, the success of the Peace ·corps has labor legislation are well reflected in the ciding only whether the well-defined lifted the prestige of the United States fact that during this past quarter cen- terms of the law are violated. This is . abroad and the morale of Americans. No tury Congress has acted only twice in a judicial role, not a policymaking role. small share of the credit for this must this field-once every 12 years in a field But notwithstanding all this, the Board go to LYNDON JOHN SON. which admittedly has needed constant seems determined to make policy-to Since taking office, the Vice President attention. It is my hope, Mr. Speaker, legislate, if you please. Board spokes­ h as bettered U.S. relations abroad that we will not wait again for 12 years men now proclaim publicly that theirs is through the warmth of his personality. if events show-as indeed they are al- a policymaking function. His visits to 13 foreign countries have ready beginning to show-that earlier Clearly, a review of this situation is been distinguished by his ability to com­ action is called for in the public interest. now in order. It is time for Congress to municate person to person with the Mr. Speaker, the Landrum-Griffin Act take stock of where we are-and how we common people, as well as the leaders, of was not put together casually or quickly. got there. other nations. This faculty was best Years of experience, months of hearings, Mr. Speaker, let me first review very demonstrated by his simple gesture of weeks of debate, and long days of con- quickly the history of labor legislation inviting a Pakistani camel driver to visit ference went into its drafting. Intri- since 1935. In that year, when Congress him on his Texas ranch. The good done cate problems involving specialized in- passed the Wagner Act, it did so to give by this spontaneous offer has resulted in dustries were exhaustively considered. employees equal bargaining power with immeasurable good will for our country. Every aspect of it was earnestly and their employers. But, in the 12 years of But the LYNDON JOHNSON story is far thoroughly debated. Thus it was that the Wagner Act, the pendulum swung from an end. In future chapters over public policy was hammered out in the to the other extreme, and union power future decades he is certain to add con­ crucible of the legislative process. Thus became the unchecked force. This was siderably to his impressive accomplish­ it was that Congress reflected clearly partly because the Wagner Act itself was ments and make for himself a firmer, and emphatically the will of America one sided-it spelled out unfair labor broader place in history as a servant of when it passed the Landrum-Griffin Act. practices for employers only, none for the people. The adjudication of cases under this unions. But that was far from the only Toward this end, together with his host act has been entrusted by Congress to reason for the pendulum's swing, Much of friends, I add my wish of continued the National Labor Relations Board. of the imbalance under the Wagner Act health, happiness, and God's choicest That Board is a creature of Congress, was the fault of the NLRB. It stemmed blessings. but the public policy reflected in the law from the failure of that agency to adopt Mr. THORNBERRY. Mr. Speaker, I is establishe(l by Congress. an evenhanded and impartial approach ask unanimous consent that all Mem­ The importance of adhering to con- to its duties. In any event, after 12 bers so desiring may extend their re­ gressional intent is a matter of com- years there had developed a situation un­ marks at this time and to include pelling importance in all laws. In no der which all too often employees, em­ extraneous matter. area is it more vital than in labor legis- ployers, and at times the entire national The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there lation. This is a complicated field, economy were at the mercy of union objection to the request of the gentle­ highly charged with emotion and closely pressures. man from Texas? linked with the public welfare. In 1940, and again in 1946, Congress There was no objection. And yet, Mr. Speaker, we who serve sought to amend the Wagner Act to deal on the legislative committee to which with one-sided Labor Board operations. THE LANDRUM-GRIFFIN ACT labor legislation is assigned have come- These efforts failed. Then in 1947 Con­ unhappily-to one major conclusion. -gress finally succeeded in the task of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under And that is, that the rteed for congres- amendment, with passage of the Taft­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ sional action seems always· to l{eep pace Hartley Act. In that law Congress felt man from Georgia [Mr. LANDRUM] is with the manner in which the intent that in prohibiting unfair labor practices recognized for 90 minutes. of Congress is frustrated and circum- by unions as well as employers, a balance Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ vented by decisions of the National Labor would be achieved which would serve the tember 14, 1959, the President of the Relations Board. .public interest. · · United States approved the first major change in the Nation's labor-manage­ I want to emphasize that in discuss- This, however, was not to be. We saw ment laws in more than a decade. His ing this subject today we are not talking the work of Congress undone in major signature brought into being Public Law about the reporting and disclosure pro- degree by tortured interpretations of the 86-257. That law is officially known as visions of the Landrum-Griffin Act-the law, and by ingenious innovations to cir­ the Labor Management Reporting and so-called financial provisions of that cumvent the intent of Congress. Very Disclosure Act of 1959-it is more popu­ law. Those provisions, in the main, are soon there resulted a whole array of larly known as the Landrum-Griffin Act. handled by the Department of Labor. loopholes through which the prohibited The vast majority of Members now Our comments are directed instead at practices again became commonplace. serving in Congress remember well the the National Labor Relations Board, and It is true, Mr. Speaker, that Labor monumental efforts required to assure at its decisions, particularly during the Board decisions may be appealed to the passage of this labor reform statute. last year, in unfair labor practice cases. courts. It is equally true, however, that Many Members will also recall that simi­ Members of the House will recall that the courts defer to the so-called ex­ lar efforts attended the passage of its the National Labor Relations Board is pertise of the Board, and have been predecessor, the Taft-Hartley Act, 12 charged under Landrum-Griffin, as it reluctant to upset its decisions. In prac­ years before. was under the Wagner Act and the Taft- tical effect, therefore, the Labor Board is There may, in fact, be some special Hartley law, with the job of deciding all too often a court of last resort-and significance to this 12-year interval. For whether, on a particular set of facts, when it carves out a loophole in the law it was only after 12 years of the 1935 an unfair labor practice has been com- that loophole invariably stays open. Wagner Act that Congress enacted the mitted. Perhaps the most notable of these Taft-Hartley law in 1947. Then, 12 The law spells out in definite terms · loopholes have been those in the area of years later, in 1959, the Landrum-Griffin the conduct which constitutes these un- secondary boycotts. Congress in 1947 Act became law. fair labor practices. Unfair labor prac- thought it had banned all forms of sec­ We must now look back, therefore, tices are clearly defined. · They are ondary boycotting. In fact, any reason­ more than 25 years to assess thoroughly carefully enumerated in the law. This . able reading of the 1947 statute and its our present situation with respect to point, Mr. Speaker, is most important. history leads inescapably to that con­ labor laws, their administration, and en­ It underscores the fact that the Labor clusion. However, the ingenious inno­ forcement. And in these past 25 years Board has no policymaking authority in · vations and tortured interpretations by it is doubtful that any area of domestic these cases. Congress, not the Labor the Board soon demonstrated that Con­ concern has commanded more public at­ Board, determines America's labor-man- gress in 1947 did not foresee the nimble tention or generated greater emotion agement policy. Congress, not the La- footwork of the Labor Board. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6191 When the Landrum-Griffin Act was. reexamining into the merits of a particu­ It is indeed distressing to review recent passed in 1959, Congress thought it closed lar case decided by the Board. Labor Board decisions and find it neces­ these loopholes. I am sure the President It is important to our very system of sary to report that tne intent of Con­ also thought so when he approved the government under separated powers that gress is actually being frustrated and bill. In fact, there could have been no Congress should respect the right of circumvented. doubt in the mind of the American pub­ every judicial officer to make his de­ First, I should like to comment upon lic either, because we all recall the tre­ cisions secure in the knowledge that he the secondary boycott provisions of the mendous clamor and insistence from all will not be subject to a later inquiry law, and some recent decisions which over America-demanding that we deal, into the mental processes by which he purport to apply those provisions. and deal effectively, with the abuses arrived at particular decisions. To say Mr. Speaker, in discussing the sec­ which were so widespread-especially this, however, is not to foreclose a Mem­ ondary boycott problem, let me say that the abuses of secondary boycotting and ber of Congress from expressing dis­ too often there is a tendency to think blackmail picketing. However, the pat­ agreement concerning decisions made or of it as a partisan matter-as something tern of decisions over the past year to comment upon them. done for one side and taken away from would indicate that once again Labor If the Constitution made anything the other. This is not the case. Con­ Board actions are frustrating the intent clear, surely it is that policymaking is gress has concerned itself with secondary of Congress. primarily a function of the Congress. boycotts because the public interest is This is the reason we have today un• To be effective in the performance of involved. As a matter of national dertaken to acquaint the House, and that function, it is essential that Con­ policy, Congress determined that labor the American public, with the facts of gress at least observe whether, and to disputes, and the effects thereof, should this developing situation. what extent, its policies are actually be circumscribed and confined to the Let me emphasize here that in point­ being implemented and carried out. principal, or primary, parties involved; ing to this unhappy condition it is not The pattern of recent decisions by the otherwise, in a highly integrated eco- - our purpose to retry in the House those NLRB gives rise to a serious concern nomic society, such as ours, each dispute cases which give rise to our concern. We that policies laid down by Congress, in could easily involve many, many em­ do not consider it a proper function of the Taft-Hartley and Landrum-Griffin ployees of many employers who are not Congress to litigate such matters on the Acts, are being distorted and frustrated, parties to the dispute. The public would floor of the House. - to say the very least. be the loser. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, will the · The decisions themselves are startling Restrictions against secondary boy­ gentleman yield? enough. However, when viewed in the cotts are in the best interests uf unions, Mr. LANDRUM. With pleasure, I light of some recent extrajudicial pro­ too. The secondary boycott is a weapon yield to the distinguished gentleman nouncements by Board members, there used primarily by a small minority in from Michigan [Mr. GRIFFINL is reason to wonder whether the NLRB­ organized labor-a minority that too Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to which was created by Congress-even often has built its strength with strong~ associate myself with the preliminary re­ concedes the constitutional authority of arm methods and a disregard for the marks which the gentleman _from Congress to formulate and establish rig.9.-ts of individual workers. The legiti­ Georgia has made. I want it clearly un­ policy in the labor-management field. mate interests of American working men derstood that our discussion today will · For example, my attention was focused and women are not fostered by such focus upon only a part of the Landrum­ recently upon a press release issued tactics-and the abuses of a few give an Griffin Act and the administration of February 10, 1962, by the National La­ unfair and distorted picture of the many. that part of the act by the National La­ bor Relations Board. It is entitled The secondary boycott is a totally in­ bor Relations Board. "Member Brown Views Labor Board as defensible, un-American weapon which The Landrum-Griffin Act consists of Policymaking Tribunal." · utilizes the concept of "guilt by associa­ seven titles or parts. The first six titles, The press release refers to an address tion." By its use, a union makes war­ which deal with such matters as union delivered by Mr. Brown and reports, fare against its "enemy"~the person elections; trusteeships, reporting, and among other things, this comment by with whom it has its dispute-by inflict.. disclosure, are under the jurisdiction of the Board member: ing economic damage upon the friends the Bureau of Labor-Management Re­ and business associates of the "enemy." As In my view the Board ls unquestionably ports in the Labor Department. I a policymaking tribunal. Congress in the Taft-Hartley law in­ have said on a number of occasions, tended to ban all secondary boycotts·. there is reason to believe that, on the In discussing and analyzing Board de~ The late Senator Taft, who sponsored whole, the Labor Department has been cisions since April 1961. he also said: that law in the Senate, said this about doing a good job~ and no criticism of its The present Board has freed itself from the boycotts during the Senate debate in efforts should be inferred from our dis­ self-inflicted dedication to per se rules. 1947: cussion today. Fixed rules are easy to apply and provide It has been set forth that there are good It will be recalled that title VII of the the parties with knowledge upon which to secondary boycotts and bad secondary boy­ Landrum-Griffin bill contained impor­ .predicate their actions. These are desirable cotts. Our committee heard evidence !or tant amendments to the Taft-Hartley .results and must, of course, be accorded weeks and never succeeded in having anyone some weight. Certainty necessarily follows tell us any difference between different kinds Act which is administered by the NLRB. from the implementation of mechanistic We address ourselves today only to that of secondary boycotts. So we have broadened rules, but it ls a superficial certainty destined :the provision dealing with secondary boy­ portion of the law. for disrepute. Mr. Speaker, I wish also to emphasize cotts to make them unfair labor practice. When read in the light of its recent (Legislative History, Taft-Hartley, vol. 2, p. that by calling attention today to some '1106.) . of the recent decisions handed down by decisions, this extrajudicial pronounce­ the National Labor Relations Board, it ·ment seems to articulate quite candidly This clearly is what Congress had in is not our purpose to retry those particu­ an attitude on the part of some Board mind. However, through the years the lar cases. members which indicates very little Labor Board has not followed the con­ Indeed, it would not be proper or ap­ regard for either the policymaking role gressional mandate. Instead, the Board propriate for Congress to assume a judi­ of Congress or the doctrine of stare carved out sizable boycott loopholes. cial function with respect to particular decisis. For example, the Taft-Hartley law pro­ cases. I was a stanch advocate of this Let there be no mistake about the hibited boycotts induced through the same principle as a member of the ad fundamental issue, · then, which under­ employees of any employer, boycotts hoc-Pucinski-subcommittee appointe~ lies our discussion here today. The is­ through a concerted refusal to do cer­ last year to investigate the procedures sue concerns resPonsibility for determin­ tain things, and boycotts through a re­ and operations of the NLRB. ing public policy. fusal to work on goods in the course of For example, I objected then, and I · This is an issue which should be of employment. ' would object again, to congressional in­ concern to every Member of this body, Although it was the intent of Con­ terrogation of witnesses who have previ­ whatever his- political persuasion and gress in Taft-Hartley to ban all second­ ously testified before the Board if con­ whatever his personal views may be on ary boycotts, the Labor Board somehow ducted for the purpose of reviewing or labor-management policy. found ways to circumvent that intent. CVIII--390

... 6192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - H0USE April 10 Typical of the loopholes was a strange But, Mr. Speaker, there is more to be and only sponsored commercials on the holding that boycott activity was not told. In another decision which threat­ radio station. If the union wanted to concerted if carried out by a series of in­ ens to put the dictionary out of busi­ conduct a primary consumer boycott dividual acts--NRLB v. International ness, the Board recently permitted a against a broadcaster, it could do so di­ Rice Milling Company, Inc. (341 U.S. secondary boycott by holding, in effect, rectly by simply urging people not to 665). Still other decisions permitted that a radio station produces the auto­ listen to the particular station without boycotts by finding that certain people mobiles that are advertised in the sta­ involving secondary employers and their did not fall within the technical defini­ tion's commercial-Electrical Workers employees who distribute no product tions of "employer" and "employee." Local 662 and Middlesouth Broadcasting produced by the broadcaster. Accordingly, agricultural and railroad Co. (133 NLRB No. 165, 1961). As I have already said, the proviso was employees could be made the targets of I might say that this pronouncement carefully written. It should not be loose­ secondary boycott action. by the Labor Board will come as a real ly construed. It applies only when the In 1959 Congress moved to close such surprise to the auto industry in my home primary employer manufactures a prod­ loopholes by adopting the Landrum­ State of Michigan, not to mention the uct and a secondary employer distributes Griffin amendments to the Taft-Hartley broadcasters. that product. Moreover, even in that boycott language. In still another case, it permitted a circumstance it should not be construed At the time the Landrum-Griffin bill secondary boycott by ruling that a man so as to permit general or unlimited was introduced, I made the following who distributes candy and tobacco is pressure to be applied against the sec­ comment about this provision on the the producer of these items-Teamsters ondary employer-distributor. floor of the House: Local 537 and Lohman (132 NLRB No. All of us will concede that in the ap­ 67, 1961). Present law provides that it is unlawful plication of any law to varying factual for a union to induce or encourage "em­ To illustrate the trend of these Board situations, close borderline situations ployees of any employer" to engage in a decisions a little more clearly, Mr. will be confronted. However, I think strike or concerted refusal to do their work Speaker, it may be helpful to discuss Members of the House will agree that for one of the forbidden objects listed in some of the background of the problem new heights of absurdity have been section B(b) (4)-such as to force their em­ raised by the two cases just mentioned. reached when a Federal agency literally ployer to cease doing business with a pri­ During the course of the deliberations determines, in order to make the proviso mary employer. Since farm laborers, rail­ of the conference committee on the way labor, and supervisors are not employees apply, that a radio station produces within the meaning of the act, unions may Landrum-Griffin Act, a so-called public­ automobiles. now without penalty induce them tc en­ ity proviso was placed in section 8(b) Let me cite one other development to gage in secondary boycotts. This bill cor­ (4) of the act. As first suggested by the indicate the extent to which the Board's rects this by changing the word "employees" then Senator Kennedy, the proviso .was views on this publicity proviso are being in the phrase quoted above to "any individ­ much too broad. I participated in re­ extended. At the Peter Paul plant in ual employed by any person." (Legislative drafting the language; the words were Oakland, Calif., an independent union History, Landrum-Griffin, vol. 2, pp. 1522- carefully chosen and the proviso, as 1523.) was certified by the Board. Another adopted, is explicit and should be very union sought to replace the independent In short, we clearly sought to prohibit limited in its application. union, but was appropriately enjoined a union from inducing "any individual The proviso states a very limited ex­ from picketing the plant. Then it insti­ employed by any person" to engage in a ception to a general rule. That excep­ tuted a nationwide drive against Peter secondary boycott. But now we find tion, which is spelled out precisely in the Paul and its products urging other the Labor Board literally deciding that proviso, provides that where the primary unions and their members not to buy in some circumstances an "individual" is employer is the producer of a product, those products. A complaint did not not an "individual." and that product is distributed by issue, because "the activities complained Admittedly, this takes quite a bit of another-or secondary-employer, the of fell within the permissive limits of doing. But this Labor Board has done union may truthfully publicize that fact the second proviso to Section 8(b) (4) ." it. by means other than picketing so long Presumably this means an "outside" In the Carolina Lumber case (130 as the publicity does not affect the per­ union can have a lawful, primary dis­ NLRB No. 148, 1961) the Board per­ formance of services at the establish­ pute with an employer even though the mitted · a boycott by holding that the ment of the secondary employer. Board has certified another union as the word "individual" applied to some super­ In adopting this proviso, it was not the representative of the employees. And, visors but not others. In the Board's purpose of Congress to encourage or presumably it also means the "publicity" view, this depended on how high the legalize secondary boycotts generally. proviso is being seized upon to protect a supervisor ranked in the management The proviso protects only limited appeals purpose directly contrary to the spirit scale. The result is that one super­ to the public at the establishment of a and letter of the law-namely, forcing visor on a construction job may be an secondary employer under circumstances an employer to recognize one union "individual" while another supervisor which are spelled out with precision. while another is already certified--see on another job may not be an "indi­ Let me emphasize again that the pub­ Peter Paul, Inc. (20 GC 253-4)-no ap­ vidual." In another case-Operating licity proviso in section 8(b) (4) is a very peal from decision by the General Engineers Local 324 (131 NLRB No. 36, limited and a very precise exception to Counsel. 1961 )-the Board allowed the boycott a clear general rule. The crying need Mr. Speaker, the lengthy congressional ban to be circumvented when it said a for effective protection against secondary hearings which preceded the Landrum­ supervisor was an "individual" at one boycotts, as much as any single factor, Griffin Act revealed that the boycott was moment but was not an "individual" the was the motivating force behind title a favorite weapon of gangsters and next-depending apparently on whether VII of the Landrum-Griffin Act. racketeers who gained control of some his boss was on the job with him or Frankly, I will confess that I was reluc­ labor unions. If ever there was a re­ temporarily away. tant at the time of the conference to sounding call from all over America, it Frankly, the Board decisions are be­ agree even to this limited proviso for was the call in 1959 upon Congress to wildering. What broader language could the reason that I was concerned, even prohibit secondary boycotts. And yet Congress possibly have used to make its then, that the Board might seize upon here we are-less than 3 years later­ intent clearer? Of course, in construing it as an excuse for opening unintended compelled to report that the Labor the laws of Congress, the Board is not loopholes. Board seems bent on undoing the very limited to a look at the words of the Just as I feared, and despite the changes made by Congress in 1959 to statute itself. However, in addition to precise, limiting language which was prohibit secondary boycotts. the literal language of the law, there is worked out, the Board is now applying it Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, I extensive legislative history-the hear­ to all sorts of situations-even to situa­ should like to point out also that in ad­ ings, the reports, and the floor de­ tions where no product is involved. dition to the- secondary boycott cases bates--generally pointing up a clear in­ The point is illustrated by the Middle­ already referred to, the Board has tent on the part of Congress to ban south Broadcasting case where there was handed down a series of boycott de­ secondary boycotts and close loopholes­ no product flow whatever from the pri­ cisions which should prove a special not to encourage a search for new mary employer-broadcaster to the sec­ boon to Mr. Hoffa and his Teamsters loopholes. ondar~ employer who sold automobiles Union. These cases hold that .a union 1962 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE 6193 may follow and picket trucks . at their cargo a heavy weapon in the hands of carry no threats or improper promises various delivery stops-even though the those who would abuse it-and no one then his remarks cannot constitute an owner of those trucks has a fixed, need be reminded of the extent to which unfair labor practice in themselves, nor permanent place of business where the it was abused prior to the Landrum­ may they be used as evidence that other union may picket to advertise any dis­ Griffin Act. acts constituted unfair labor practices. pute it has with him. This new line of If it is no longer to be an unfair labor Mr. Speaker, decisions to date have not cases reverses the Board's holding in the practice to enter into a hot cargo agree­ done total violence to the free speech Washington Coca Cola case 007 NLRB ment, then we will have returned to the guaranty, but the Board evidently can­ No. 299). There the Board held it un­ very situation we moved to correct. For not resist the temptation to tinker with lawful to picket trucks during delivery we learned that it was the small em­ this very fundamental right. For ex­ stops to customers, if the trucking em­ ployer, the businessman without finan­ ample, in two recent cases involving em­ ployer had a place of business which cial power to resist, who was invariably ployers' remarks to employees, the Board could be picketed effectively. singled out and made the victim of a did not find that an unfair labor practice In its first step away from the Wash­ hot cargo provision. Now, if the mak­ had been committed. However, because ington Coca Cola doctrine, the Board ing of these agreements is not to be un­ of the employers' statements it set aside said a union could picket a secondary lawful, we will again see the hot cargo elections-which the unions lost-and employer while employees of the man abuse become widespread in the very ordered that new ones be held. In one with whom it had a dispute were work­ areas where the capacity to resist it is of these cases-Somismo, Inc. <133 NLRB ing at that secondary location. This lowest-in the very areas Congress No. 131, 1961)-the Board held that the was the Plauche Electric case 035 wanted especially to protect when we employer interfered with the election NLRB No. 41). In that case, while the wrote the provision to outlaw all such when he said the union's promises were primary employer did have his own full­ agreements. ridiculous, and that if the union de­ time business headquarters, his employ­ Another area, Mr. Speaker, where the manded the benefits it was promising the ees spent most of their working time at emerging trend of Board decisions mer­ company might have to go out of busi­ the secondary location. However, in the its careful scrutiny is the area dealing ness. In the other case--CoZe Mfg, 033 Houston Armored Car case (136 NLRB with free speech. The legislative his­ NLRB No. 130, 1961)-the Board held No. 9) the Board fully expanded the tory is replete with references to the fact that the employer interfered with the theory of the roving boycott. In the that the Taft-Hartley guarantee of free election when he said prior organizing Houston case, the employer was an speech was not impaired; that is free efforts had resulted in the loss of busi­ armored car company whose business speech was in no way diminished by the ness and that business would improve was delivering money. He had a busi­ Landrum-Griffin Act. And here, per­ and working conditions would be better ness headquarters, and his drivers re­ haps, a quick review of legislative history if the union lost. turned their six times a day. The union is in order. As Members of the House Admittedly, the law does not say any­ could and did picket the headquarters. will recall, the Wagner Act made no ref­ thing about setting aside elections where However, the Board permitted the union erence to free speech. Board decisions questions of free speech are involved. I to follow the armored cars around the under the Wagner Act effectively pre­ mention these cases, therefore, only to city, picketing them at delivery stops vented employees from hearing both ask whether they indicate a developing along the way. The consequences of this sides of the story during an organizing trend in the wrong direction. approach are grimly obvious to the campaign. It became practically impos­ However, the Worth Mfg, case 034 trucking industry of America and the sible, as a result of those decisions, for NLRB No. 40) adds a new and dangerous people who depend on that industry. an employer to mention union matters dimension. It indicates a return to the The uncalled-for assist the Board has to his employees. The Taft-Hartley law discredited practice of viewing an em­ given Mr. Hoff a and his henchmen will moved to correct that, providing that an ployer's utterances in the light of what be equally obvious. employer could discuss union affairs with the Board has called "all of the sur­ Mr. Speaker, in Landrum-Griffin we his workers-as long as he neither rounding circumstances.'' In the Worth made it an unfair labor practice for a threatened them nor made special case, this meant that lawful speech and union and an employer to enter into a promises to them. other lawful conduct-occurring sepa­ hot cargo contract. The hot cargo prac­ And, Mr. Speaker, to emphasize that rately-were coupled to support a :finding tice was, of course, a major off shoot of this process of erosion goes forward that an unfair labor practice had been the secondary boycott abuse. Not satis­ every day, the Congress should also know committed. If this is to be the Board's fying ourselves with a prohibition that only last week the Board disin­ standard regarding free speech-and I against the carrying out of hot cargo terred an old and discredited device for fear that events promise it will be-we agreements, we said the mere making of interfering with an employer's right to will have returned to the pre-Taft-Hart­ such contracts was unlawful. We de­ talk freely with his own employees. I ley situation when an employer could not clared further that all hot cargo clauses refer to the May Company case (136 safely express to his employees any views existing at the time the law was passed NLRB No. 71). In the May case the or opinions on labor matters. The in­ would be void and unenforcible. Board revived its discarded Bonwit Tel­ evitable result was then-and will be My understanding is that the Board ler doctrine of more than a decade ago. again-that during an organizing cam­ initially followed a line of decision which Essentially the Bonwit Teller case (96 paign employees were forbidden to hear would carry out congressional intent. NLRB No. 73) held that an employer both sides, and could not, therefore, se­ However, it may well be that the Board could not discuss union matters with his cure the full information necessary for has since undone much of that construc­ workers on his own time and property an intelligent and informed decision. tive early approach. In the Minnesota unless he gave equal time and equal And now, Mr. Speaker, I would like to Milk case (133 NLRB No. 123, 1961) the facilities for the union to reply. That recall for Members of the House that in Board seems to indicate it will examine theory, most of us thought, had been 1959 the public and the Congress were each hot cargo contract as· it comes up. overridden and forgotten in the inter­ deeply disturbed over the abuses of Now, obviously, we do not quarrel with vening years. But not so with the blackmail picketing. I should like to the proposition that each case should be NLRB. In the May case the Board said ask my friend from Michigan to discuss decided on its own facts. However, I the employer, a department store owner, the experience to date with Labor Board would like to ask this: If the Board in­ was unfair in making three speeches 3 decisions affecting provisions of the tends to determine hot cargo legality on weeks before the election, and refusing to Landrum-Griffin Act which were de­ a case-by-case basis does this mean­ let the union use the store for the same signed to outlaw the practice of black­ as the Minnesota Milk case in part sug­ purposes-even though the union could mail picketing. gests-that hot cargo contracts will be and did talk with his employees by tele­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, I thank treated as lawful contracts until there phone, through radio announcements, the distinguished gentleman from Geor­ is evidence of their application in an un­ through newspaper advertising and in gia for yielding, lawful manner? visits to the employees at their homes. Mr. Speaker, I should like now to con­ If this is to be the Board's approach­ In the Landrum-Griffin Act Congress sider certain Labor Board decisions af­ and the Minnesota Milk case suggests it made no change in the law's free speech fecting provisions of the Landrum­ may well be-then, Mr. Speaker, it is provisions. These provisions, therefore, Griffin Act which were designed to out­ just the approach that will make the hot still say that if the employer's statements law the practice of blackmail picketing. 6194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE · April 10 Here again I am forced to say that de­ Members of the House will also recall strained and tortured reasoning, has cisions have not supported the intent of that we intended in the Landrum­ handed down a series of decisions which Congress. Griffin Act to prevent one of the most in their total effect, operate to legaliz~ In the Calumet Contractors case ( 133 flagrant of all blackmail picketing many of the picketing and boycott NLRB No. 57, 1961), the Board permitted abuses-the practice of picketing after abuses which Congress, through the one union to picket in an effort to force a union had lost a Labor Board election. Landrum-Griffin Act, sought to elimi­ an employer to adopt that union's stand­ · On this point, Mr. Speaker, I would re­ nate. ard contract-even though the employees call my own comments at the time this Mr. LANDRUM. In another signifi­ were already represented by another provision was introduced: cant development, Mr. Speaker, the union which was certified by the Labor The NLRB has attempted to give some re­ Board indicates it will limit an em­ Board. Apparently, the Board's reason­ lief to employers and employees victimized ployer's right to use economic pressure ing was based on the notion that such in such situations by holding it an unfair on his own behalf during a strike. This, labor practice for a union to picket for recog­ despite the fact that as recently as 1960, picketing was lawful if the outside union nition after it has lost an election. While merely goes through the motions of dis­ such relief seems called for, nevertheless the the Supreme Court ruled that "the use claiming intent to seek recognition from courts of appeal are in conflict as to whether of economic pressure by the parties to the employer. the Board has even this limited power. a labor dispute is part and parcel of the In a later case (Houston Building (Legislative History, Landrum-Griffin, vol. 2, process of collective bargaining." Trades, 136 NLRB No. 28), the Board p. 1523.) New York City. The should come when a prior good policy be­ not let them strangle us before we can comes outmoded or upon recognition that entire population is dependent on this solve them. Therefore, I was most en­ a prior rule was not sound to begin with or railroad, directly and indirectly, for its couraged by the President's endorsement has not worked out as expected, or when ex­ economic stability. The railroad is in of this approach as well. perience indicates better approaches." bankruptcy, its future largely dependent Now that we have received the trans­ Mr. Brown said the Board's policymaking on wise decisions by Federal, State, and portation message, which fits pending authority is limited by the effective check of local governments. The Federal Gov­ legislation so squarely, let us get on with judicial review. ernment is already deeply committed fi­ He cited the April 17, 1961, decisions of the job. Few domestic problems are as the Supreme Court which set aside the nancially to the welfare of the railroad. important at this time. Board's Mountain Pacific and Brown-Olds This is the most serious local problem in Connecticut. I came to Congress with doctrines. A CRACK IN A SOCIALIST ILLUSION "Under these Supreme Court interpreta­ the implied commission from the voters tions," Mr. Brown said, "hiring hall arrange­ of my district to do everything I could Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask ments were no longer illegal per se. Evi­ to help solve the problem. I have long unanimous consent that the gentleman dence of discrimination rather than an urged the formation of a compact be­ from Ohio [Mr. LATTA] may extend automatic presumption was necessary to tween my State and the State of New his remarks at this point in the RECORD find an unfair labor practice. Furthermore, even assuming the existenee of an unlawful York to form the basis of a regional and include extraneous matter. · closed-shop arrangement, employee-union solution to the commuter problem. In The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there members were no longer automatically en­ April of 1961, I introduced H.R. 6705, objection to the request of the gentleman titled to reimbursement of union dues and which envisioned the creation of such a from New York? initiation fees. Evidence that union mem­ compact, with the door left open for There was no objection. bership was influenced in violation of the other interested States to join. This Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, we are act was now an indispensable element. In bill adopts the unusual principle of pro­ hearing and reading much these days a word, the bubble had finally burst and with it these so-called per se rules floated viding for congressional approval of an about Government-sponsored medical to their timely demise.· interstate compact in advance not only programs. It behooves those f a.voring "I attach particular significance to the of any such compact but even of begin­ Federal intervention into this field to Supreme Court's aforementioned tacit in­ ning negotiations for such a compact. be advised of the side effects of social­ dictments of these 'per se' rules, perhaps Nevertheless, I felt that the unusual and ized medicine in England. An editorial as much because· they coincided with my urgent circumstances required this stim­ in the Wall Street Journal of April 10, appointment to the NLRB as because they ulation from the Congress. Accordingly, i62, discusses one of these side effects-­ echo my emphatic belief that independent I was most gratified to have the Presi­ a dwindling supply of British doctors. analysis on a case-by-case basis must be substituted for mechanical rules. dent's strong endorsement of the prin­ The editorial follows: "Fixed rules are easy to apply and pro­ ciple of advance approval incorporated A CRACK JN A SOCJALIST ILLUSION vide the parties with knowledge upon which as a part of his message on transporta­ Every poll that has ever been taken in to predicate their actions. These are de- tion. Britain shows that the majority of people 6196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 there are in favor of their socialized medical But watching it all from afar, we can't "warmup man" to prepare you for the really progra.n1 where all is free and no man need help but reflect that here is one place above important and specific engineering paper worry about a doctor's bill. all where bright and shining promises can which is to be delivered by my very good So if popularity is the test, it has been cheat the unfortunate while they happily friend, Vernon MacKenzie, who is properly a political success. But now there is be­ suppose they are counting their blessings. recognized as one of the outstanding authori­ ginning to appear an ominous crack in the ties in his field. happy musion that the British have, by so­ Mr. MacKenzie comes from a city which cializing their medicine, thereby banished HON. LESTER HOLTZMAN many believe, depending upon your indi­ their medical cares. Doctors' bills have van­ vidual point of view, of course, is the real air ished. Now the doctors are vanishing, too. Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask pollution center of the entire Nation. Some The fact of a dwindling supply of British unanimous consent to extend my re­ unkind folks have the effrontery to suggest doctors in Britain is now unquestioned; it marks at this point in the RECORD and that the exhaled air pollutants from Wash­ has been the subject of worried discussion in include extraneous matter. ington create a more dangerous fallout than economic and medical journals, in maga­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there could possibly occur from nuclear testing zines and newspapers and in Parliament. objection to the request of the gentleman because thus far, at least, no shelter has yet The article we publish this morning from from New York? been engineered to protect the trusting and the British Medical Journal is typical of There was no objection. unsuspecting souls of our great Nation some of the widespread concern. against the subtle yet nonetheless real dan­ Briefly, here is what has happened: Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I am de­ gers emanating from the seemingly never In the early years of the National Health lighted to join my distinguished col­ ending stream of spoken and printed words. Service young British students entered the league from New York [Mr. CELLER] in Here is a real challenge for you engineers. medical schools in their accustomed number paying tribute to our friend and former Seldom has it been so necessary to create and and some of the schools even showed an colleague, Judge Lester Holtzman. I had develop a really workable protection for the increase in total enrollment. The figures on the pleasure of serving on the House Ju­ benefit of all mankind now and in the future. the licensing of new doctors in Britain also diciary Committee while Lester Holtz­ So, if I can develop a thought or two that you were increasing. All seemed to be well, and man was a member of the committee. might feel is worthy to be remembered, even in 1957 the Government planners were even after you hear the scholarly and technical urging an immediate reduction in the num­ I and all of us on the committee had discussion which will be presented by my ber of medical students. the highest regard for Lester Holtzman. good friend, Vernon MacKenzie, I shall feel Suddenly everybody woke up to the fact We valued his professional approach to amply rewarded for not having wasted your that British medical students weren·t con­ every problem, and his courtesy and time entirely. verting themselves into British doctors. In­ kindness to all of his colleagues. I am not, of course, an engineer and, creasing numbers of them were going off to Not only was he a good Congressman, therefore, I have no hesitancy in thinking Canada, Australia, America and other back­ but Lester Holtzman always brought to and talking with you for a little while about ward places where a doctor ls not in effect the Congress, and to us, a sparkle of some engineering problems. That would a government clerk. Meanwhile, doctors humor and a wit that cheered our lives. seem to be par for the course. from India, Africa, and other emerging na­ More than 40 years ago my dad and I tions-some of whom studied in Britain, We can always use more of this. Lester were in the automotive tire, battery, and some of whom studied in their own coun­ is never unkind. He sees the good side service business. During those days when tries-came to Britain and found ready posts of everyone. And he is always ready to tires were guaranteed for 3,000 miles we had in hospitals vacated by the British doctors extend a helping hand to a colleague. no hesitancy in cutting an entire section out going elsewhere. We miss Lester Holtzman in the House of a. tire, building it back up, and vulcaniz­ So while a statistician might find the sit­ of Representatives. I often think of him ing a new section in place. Those were the uation little changed by the advent of social­ as we meet in Judiciary Committee and daya also when a 6-volt, 11-plate battery sold ized medicine, the fact is that the British on the floor of the House, and I recall for $38 and so we would regularly tear them medical situation has changed dramatically. down, replace wornout plates, or install Today about one half of all emergency with many pleasant memories the new red cedar separators. Those were the surgery in Britain, to choose one measurable associations that we had. days too when, if the engine knocked when example, ls done by non-British-trained Judge Holtzman will be an excellent power was applied, we called it a carbon doctors. More intangibly but importantly, judge, and will bring credit to the judi­ knock. This was a simple repair, too, be­ the professional journals are full of criticism ciary as he did to the Congress. We wish cause we would just unscrew spark plugs, of the quality of British medical practice. him lots of luck and happiness. turn the crankshaft over until the piston So there is now in Britain a great hulla­ was on top dead center of the power stroke, baloo about what to do to get more able drop a lighted match in the cylinder, turn young Englishmen to be English doctors. Yet THERMOMETERS OR on a jet of pure oxygen from a big pressure there are very few so far to ask the simple THERMOSTATS tank and burn out the carbon. If we question: Why should a young English boy happened to warp a valve or two--who want to be an English doctor? Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask cared-it was only a 2- or 3-hour job at 50 The training for medicine is one of the unanimous consent that the gentleman cents an hour to grind the valves. The longest and most arduous of any career. To from Alabama [Mr. ROBERTS] may ex­ trained and experienced ear of the mechanic go through it a young man must be moved tend his remarks at this point in the was all that was necessary to determine a by many motives. But those would surely RECORD and include extraneous matter. whole lot of things such as the cause of an include a desire to make a good living, to engine knock or whether or not each cylinder enter a profession where he could be his own The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there had the same powerful exhaust noise. master and not a hired employee, to have objection to the request of the gentleman If the old cork float in the carburetor the self-satisfaction of being respected by from Georgia? didn't shut off properly, it was quite simple his community as "the doctor" has ever There was no objection. to remove it and give it a few coats of shel­ been. And not the least of the motives is a Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. Mr. lac to make it as good as new. No one wor­ desire to give to the sick person who comes Speaker, the Honorable PAUL F. SCHENCK, ried about gum or varnish in the carburetor to him the best care he can provide. our distinguished colleage of the Third because there was none. British' socialized medicine has taken District of Ohio, and with whom I have Some 40 years ago some of us got an idea away every one of those motives, without that if we could suck the unburned gasoline exception. the pleasure of serving with on the In­ vapor-no one called it unburned hydro­ The young Briti'sh doctor, for aH his years terstate and Foreign Commerce Commit-. carbons then-from the crankcase back of study, is paid like a clerk. He is not a tee, and who has served diligently and through the carburetor by a cheap flexible "professional man" but a government func­ most constructively as a member of the tube we could get a little better gas mlleage. tionary, and in becoming so he loses the Subcommittee on Health and Safety, re­ And so the idea of burning up blowby gas status the doctor once had. He is not his cently gave a most inspiring talk before is not new and while it is a step in the own master even in the practice of his skills. the Cincinnati Engineering Society. I right direction, it is not a solution. Finally, because the "free" care crowds his No one ever thought of the front end of anteroom he cannot give to the patient be­ should like to insert his talk in the REC­ an automobile as having geometry. If the fore him the time, energy, and care he would ORD at this point: front wheels had a tendency to cut in unq.er like to as a good doctor. Mr. Chairman, members of this distin­ the car when we turned around or went Why should anybody be surprised, under guished engineering society, and guests, it is around a corner, all we had to do was to such a system, that the able young men are well for me to explain right in the beginning bring out a big heavy wrench with a handle looking elsewhere? Or that thoughtful that I am not an unusually good or even an about 6 feet long, put it on the front axle men should begin to be troubled about the average good public speaker, because these and bend it up a little-just a 60-cent repair quality of medical care? facts will become all too evident to your Job and it was 50 cents only because a man Whether all this will in time affect the analytical and engineering-type minds as we had to stop doing something else and lug popularity of the medical program in Britain, go along. In fact, it would seem my prin­ a heavy wrench out to the street while the we do not know. cipal function here tonight is sort of a folks sat in the car. Not so, of course, any I962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6197 more. Now we must have a front end aline­ tion problem over 2 years ago and that and the culture, the influence, the growth, ment rack at $9 or $10 per. A very -able· proper steps have been taken. It is a source and the importance of these great peoples young man in Dayton by the name of Charles of personal satisfaction to me to note that who had done so much in the past sank Kettering first took the crank off of a cash President Kennedy stated that additional nearly into oblivion and while the world register and replaced it with an electric legislation does not appear required at this moved forward they moved back and back. motor. Then it seemed to him there should time. Is there a parallel, my friends? You de­ be a better way to start an automobile en­ The harmful effects of automotive exhaust cide. One hundred and seventy-five years gine than to get out in front of it on a gases is receiving a great deal of much ago this coming September, the Constitution muddy road and by hand cranking run warranted attention now and for this I am of the United States, the greatest document chances of either breaking an arm or getting grateful. in the history of the governments of the run over. So he invented the starter and Testimony before the Appropriations Com­ world, was signed. Have you read it re­ a whole new electrical system for ignition, mittee last year indicated that air pollution cently? It will pay you. It won't take long. lights, and horn. Anyone should have been causes $7.5 billion loss annually in damage There are only 7 articles and 23 amendments. satisfied after doing these things, but not to vegetation, livestock, metals, and other Do you remember the preamble? Boss Kettering. He never stopped wonder­ materials. This can be shown to be factual. "We the People of the United States, in ing about things and trying to find answers. Damage of $3 million has been reported every Order to form a more perfect Union, establish So he began to wonder about engine knocks. year since 1953 in the Los Angeles area Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide He and his friend, Tom Midgley, thought if alone. Again, one area in the State of for the common defence, promote the gen­ some way could be discovered to increase Washington supported 2,000 cows prior to eral Welfare, and secure the Blessingr of Lib­ engine compression and thus engine power, the establishment of an industrial plant: erty to ourselves and our Posterity, do or­ smaller engines could be used And so they Result of air pollution on vegetation? Now dain and establish this Constitution for the worked out a way to take a picture of the only 100 cows can be raised in the area. United States of America." explosion inside a compression chamber. Many other States have been similarly af­ Note this carefully-it is a Government of They felt that if the characteristics of the fected-Florida, Idaho, Montana., New Jersey, people-not States. explosion could be changed by adding some­ Oregon, Tennessee, Utah-just to mention a Well, under this great Constitution of the thing to the gasoline they would have the few. So there are serious economic effects United States many very precious freedoms, problem licked. After a great many experi­ in addition to those on health: opportunities, and privileges were provided ments tetraethyl lead was developed and And now in the brief time remaining to me for us, and all too many of us have taken ethyl gasoline came into being. Boss Ket­ and with your indulgence, I would like to them for granted. Many of them are being tering, Tom Midgley, and their associates discuss politics with you. Much as I would eroded away-it is much later than we think. did solve many problems and, as so often is like to discuss partisan politics with you, I No government-ours or any other type-will the case, they created new ones. If either shall not encroach upon your friendship at work by itself. We, the people, must make it of them were alive today they would be this time and so I would just like to make work for us or it will dominate us. right in the middle of our discussions on the best nonpartisan Republican appeal You say "I haven't got the time for politics;· air pollution here tonight. that I can. I don't want to get into such things." I say Back in 1956 our original Committee on As professional and trained engineers, you to you, my friends, each of you has too big Highway Traffic Safety conducted some hear­ are all well acquainted with and know the a stake in the future of our Nation to as­ ings in Detroit on many of our very im­ functions of thermometers and thermostats. sume any such attitude. portant problems in connection with the I would like to ask each of you a personal There is the very serious question of main­ urgent need for greater highway safety to question and ask each of you to make your taining our American way of life through stop the slaughter and terrible injuries of own decision in the privacy of your own the exercise of our many precious freedoms. people on our highways. This 1& a subject heart and conscience. Which are you? A We must determine for ourselves what we which I hope you will consider in future thermometer which just takes note of the want from our Government and how we meetings, because of its extreme importance. conditions around you and goes along with can best gain the desired results. This leads Many things need to be done in this field. whatever they are, or are you a thermostat inevitably to costs and costs are met through While we were in one laboratory, however, I which triggers a change toward more favor­ taxes. saw some carburetor tests being run and be­ able conditions and then tries to maintain Taxes are just not so many dollars we must came interested all over again in automotive those conditions. pay, but we should also think about them exhaust gases, so I determined to do some­ With your indulgence, I would like to raise in terms of how much time, effort, and work thing about it if possible. some questions and give you some informa­ is required from each of us to earn the taxes With the full cooperation of my good tion so that in the privacy of your own we must pay. When we begin to consider friend and colleague, Congressman KENNETH thoughts you can make some personal deci­ taxes, not alone as just dollars, but as the ROBERTS, of Alabama, chairman of our com­ sions as to whether you want to be a ther­ amount of personal time and effort we must mittee, we scheduled some hearings and we mometer and just go along or a thermostat devote to earn these taxes, then we begin developed some startling information. These that seeks to get some measure of control to look at them in a different light. hearings became the basis for several bills within applicable limits. If you are a ther­ Let me put it just a little differently. Have I introduced in the Congress on this subject mostat, just where or between what points you any idea how many tax dollars are re­ and finally my bill, H.R. 8238, wa~ approved will you personally decide to take whatever quired from just those of you who live in and signed into law by President Eisenhower, action you deem appropriate? Hamilton County alone to pay the costs of on June 8, 1960. Time will not permit me to go into much our Federal Government in just this one This bill, the first on this subject to be history but I invite you to go back and read year? I don't mean the other costs of local, introduced in the Congress and enacted into the history of the Greeks and the Romans. State, and school taxes-I mean just the cost law, and is known as the Schenck Act, There are some very bright spots in the his­ of our Federal Government alone. Well, my Public Law 86-493. Under this law the tories of these two great cultures and there friends, you may be surprised to learn that Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health are some very dark spots. in addition to all the other taxes you pay Service is authorized and directed to con­ You will find in the history of both that for the operations of your local government, duct research to determine the substances in their finest hours and their greatest achieve­ your State government, and your public automotive exhaust gases which are harm­ ments came during the period when their schools, you who live here in Hamilton ful to human health. This work has been citizens had the freedom of choice and self­ County alone will pay more than $432 m11lion carried forward under the very capable determination-when their people could, this year in Federal taxes alone. How much supervision anC: direction of our good friend, would, and did decide to do things through business and how many man-hours will be Vernon MacKenzie, and his associates. their own decisions and by their own initia­ required to pay this $432 million in tax He, I know, will describe these operations tive, determination, and actions. But this dollars? Some of you expert slide rule op­ and results in some detail and I want to takes courage and willpower, and determina­ erators figure that one out. express my personal appreciation and my tion, and a willingness to abide lly sound But this is not all. In 1930 when the pride and satisfaction with the very wonder­ principles in the best interest of all. population of the United States was about ful results which have been accomplished by And then there came the Dark Ages in 123 million there were about 588,000 Federal all the scientists and the engineers who both of these great.cultures in the history of employees. Today our population is nearly have worked on this very important ques­ the Greeks and the Romans. This came 185 million, a growth of about 62 million, tion. I also want to assure you that I have about when the people said we are tired­ but we have more than 2.5 million Federal complete confidence in the engineers and we don't want to look after ourselves-we employees and this includes another in­ scientists in the automotive industry and I want others to look after us and care for us­ crease of nearly 132,000 employees com­ know that once the problems are defined, so won't you feed, clothe and shelter us? pared with June 1961, less than a year ago. workable and completely satisfactory This change in attitude-this willingness to Well, I could go on and on, but you know methods will be developed to adequately depend on others was all that was necessary what I mean. The constant increase in meet these problems. Of this, I hav:e for new leaders and· opportunists to rise up Federal bureaucracy in addition to the costs absolutely no doubt. and to say-sure, we will take on the respon­ adds more and more controls over each and Last week President Kennedy sent the sibilities which have been yours-we will every thing we do each day and these super­ Congress a message calling for some addi­ make the decisions-just do as we say. And visory policymaking bureaucrats are ap­ tional legislation to protect consumers' so began the Dark Ages when people became pointed, not elected officials, and, therefore, interests. I am glad that I was able to subservient to the leaders-when they lost they are not responsive to the will of the anticipate the automobile exhaust air pollu- their opportunities for self-determination public. On the other hand, we have 6198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ;HOUSE April 10 thousands of extremely well qualified, very Sixth. Advance congressional approval factory legal, financial, and technical competent and completely dedicated Fed­ for interstate compacts for the establish­ capacity to carry out the proposed- prqJect. eral employees who are doing a magnificent ment of agencies to carry out transpor- · . ,~lso, _the }federal assistance could not be job in the public intei:est. -qsed for oper~ting su~s!dies. An assisted Where is the point of diminishing returns tation and allied regional functions in project ,would have to consist. of the provi­ beyond which qur Federal Go-vernment urban areas extending across State lines. sion of new, or the _improvement of existing, should not go? This is the real question and H.R. 11158 has been referred to· the transit facilities and equipment. the question each of us must study, be well Subcommittee of the House Banking and Section 4_. Long-r~nge program: Section 4 informed, and take a . position. Are you Currency Committee of which I have the of the bill would set forth the terms and just a. thermometer willing to go along, or honor to be chairman. I intend to an­ conditions regularly applying to the loans are you a thermostat determined to do some­ and grants authorized under section 3. Ex­ thing about it'/ We will continue to have nounce the hearing dates very shortly. cept as provided in the emergency program good government at all levels only so long I urge all those Members who desire to described below under section · 5, no such as great numbers of our people maintain testify or to submit statements or to ar­ loan or grant could be provided unless the an active and well informed interest in the range for the attendance of witnesses Housing Administrator determines that the affairs of government. to advise the committee accordingly facilities and equipment for which the as­ I hear a lot of complaining every day and without delay. sistance is sought a.re needed for carrying out some of it, of course, is justified but what Following is a section-by-section anal­ a program, meeting criteria established ·by are we willing to do about it? him, for a unified or officially coordinated Our great United States is the greatest ysis of the bill: urban transportation system as a part of the Nation in the world in which to live. We are Section 1. Short title: Section 1 of the comprehensively planned development of the second to no other nation in any respect in bill would provide that it may be cited as urban area. spite of some of the gloom some try. to the "Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1962." This does not mean that such a program spread. Sure the-re are some things wrong, Section 2. Findings and purpose: Section has to set forth a specific schedule for a but there ·are a great many other situations ~(a) of the bill contains a finding by the series of detailed projects, which together which are ri_ght. More progress has been Congress which describes the increasing con­ would comprise a complete ·transportation made and more products have been de­ centration of the Nation's population in ur­ system for the urban area. Urban planning veloped in the United States than in any ban areas, which genera.Uy include several and development, especially in metropolitan other nation in the world. We should be local jurisdictions and often extend into two areas where many jurisdictions may- be in­ proud to be Americans, we should walk tall or more States. It would declare that the volved, is inevitably very complex and must as Americans, and when we look at the great deterioration or inadequate provision of ur­ be carried on as a continuing and evolving flag of our Nation we should not look at it ban transportation facilities, intensified traf­ proces$. It does mean, however, that a as just so much cloth arranged and colored fic congestion, and the lack of coordinated transportation plan must have been prepared in a certain way, but we should regard it as transportation and other development plan­ which sets forth the basic framework of the the symbol of all that our great Nation ning is jeopardizing the welfare and vitality highway network and the mass transporta­ means to each of us. of urban areas, the satisfactory movement of tion system needed for the urban area, that people and goods within such areas, and the the proposed project is needed for this mass effectiveness of housing, urban renewal, ~ransportation system, that there is a pro­ H.R. 11158, URBAN MASS TRANSPOR• highway, and other federally aided programs. gram for the establishment of the system, TATION ASSISTANCE Subsection (b) of this section would state and that the system will be administered Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask that the purposes of the act are (1) to assist either by one agency or by · officially co­ unanimous consent that the gentleman in the development of improved mass trans­ ordinated agencies. Also, the proposed portation facilities, equipment, techniques, transportation plan itself must have been from New York [Mr. MULTER] may ex­ and methods; (2) to encourage the planning prepared by · an organization, or officially tend his remarks at this point in the and establishment of areawide urban mass coordinated organizations, carrying on a RECORD and include extraneous matter. transportation systems needed for eco­ continuing area-wide program of compre­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there nomical and desirable urban development; hensive planning, under which compre­ objection to.the request of the gentleman and ( 3) to provide assistance to State and hensive plans for the urban area have already from Georgia? local governments· and instrumentalities been prepared in sufficient detail to provide There was no objection. thereof in financing such systems, to be a satisfactory basis for the highway and mass Mr. MULTER. Mr.Speaker, on April operated by public or private agencies as transportation plans. determined by local needs. Section 4(a) of the bill would authorize 1962, 9, I introduced H.R. 11158, a bill to Section 3. Federal financial assistance: the immediate appropriation of $100 million authorize the Housing and Home Fi­ Section 3 of the bill would authorize the for grants under . section 3 of the bill for nancec Administrator to provide addi­ Housing and Home Finance Administrator fiscal 1963, $200 mllllon for fiscal 1964, and tional assistance for the development of to make grants or loans, subject to limita­ $200 million for fiscal 1965. Advanc.e or comprehensive and coordinated mass tions in the bill, to assist local public bodies progress payments could be made on account transportation systems in metropolitan in financing the acquisition and improve­ of any such grant. and other urban areas. ment of mass transportation facilities and Where the planning and organizational equipment. These could be used in urban requirements described above are met, sec­ This bill embodies the proposals made tion 4(a) of the bill would authorize the by President Kennedy in his transporta­ mass transportation service or in coordinat­ ing such service with other urban trans­ Housing Administrator to provide Federal tion message to the Congress -of April 5, portation. Terminal facilities, rights-of-way grants in accord with a formula which is de­ 1962. It is designed to fill six basic needs (but not public highways), buses and other signe~ to take into consideration the avail­ in the solution of the urban transporta­ rolling stock, and other needed real or per­ ability of revenues to meet debt service on tion problem as follows: sonal property would be eligible for as­ proposed projects, and is also designed to First. A long-range program of Fed­ sistance. The loan authority in this section require the locality itself to provide a match­ would be limited to the unused amo-qnt of ing grant in addition to any revenue financ­ eral aid to urban regions for the expan­ ing for the project. These Federal and sion of mass transit facilities by provid­ the present $50 million mass transportation local grants would be based on t4e net ing $500 million over a 3-year period with loan authority. project cost of_the project, defined as that $100 million to be made available in fiscal Although an applicant for a loan or a portion of project cost which the Housing year 1963. Grants would be made for grant under this section would have to be Administrator ascertains cannot reasonably up to two-thirds of the project cost, the a public body, it would not have to operate be financed from revenues. A Federal grant remaining one:.thlrd to be provided by the transit facilities and · equipment itself. could be made for up to two-thirds of this the locality or State. The applicant could, for example, acquire net project cost. buses and lease them to a private transit The locality would be required to provide Second. Emergency aid by authorizing the remainder of the. net project cost frqm the Housing and Home Finance Ad­ company, or it could contract with the private transit company for the company sources other than Federal funds and-by ministrator to make emergency grants the definition · of "net project cost"-:-ather for a 3-year period where there is an _itself to acquire the buses and operate th~m according to an agreed-upon program. Title than anticipated revenues. This would ordi­ urgent need. to such buses could remain_ in some cases narily be done through the issuance of Third. Coordination of highways and bonds based on the taxing powers of the in the hands of a third party, such as in an local government, transit authority, or other mass transportation planning. equipment trust transaction. Fourth. Monetary relocation assist­ local public body. If this local contribution In all cases, however, the applicant public were later reduced by the use of surplus ance to those whose dweliings or busi­ body would Jiave to have satisfactory con­ project revenues then a corresponding re~ nesses are displaced. tinuing control over the use of the property fund would have to be made to the Federal Fifth. Federal contributions to the acquired or improved and, together with Government in the same proportion as the necessary economic and technological re­ any private transit company or other asso­ original Federal and local grant. Surplus search in the mass transportation field. ciated parties, would have to have satis- project revenues could instead be used to re- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6199

duce fares or increase service, if the locality would authorize a research, development, and monwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Terri­ so chose. demonstration program for all phases of ur­ tories and possessions of the United States; Section 4(b) of the bill would specify that, ban mass transportation. Demonstration (2) Define "local public bodies" to include where the planning and organizational re­ grants could be provided under the new pro­ municipalities and other political subdivi­ quirements described above have been met, gram without the present restrictions against sions of States; public agencies and instru­ loans may be made under section 3 of the grants for over two-thirds of project cost mentalities of one or more States, municipal­ bill subject to the same restrictions and or for major long-term capital improvement. ities, and political subdivisions of States; and limitations (set forth in sec. 202(b) of the Research and demonstration projects could public corporations, boards, and commissions Housing Amendments of 1955) that apply to also be carried on directly by the Adminis­ established under the laws of any State; and the present temporary mass transportation trator, or through other Federal agencies, (3) Define "Administrator" to mean the loan program. These provisions establish public or private institutions, or individuals, Housing and Home Finance Administrator. the interest rate according to a formula as appropriate. The unobligated balance of Section 10 ( c) of the b111 would set forth a which presently produces a rate of up to the present $25 million demonstration grant general authorization for appropriations of 33/s percent, permit loans to be amortized authority would be made available to finance funds necessary to carry out all functions over 40 years, provide for deferral of up to 50 such projects, plus up to $30 million of the under the act, with the exception of loans percent of the interest on a loan for up to 10 new $500 million grant authority under under section 3, which are to be financed years in certain cases, specify that loans shall section 3. through the existing Treasury borrowing au­ be made only where financing is not other­ In carrying out these provisions the Ad­ thority. Funds appropriated for other than wise available on reasonable terms, and re­ ministrator would be authorized to request administrative expenses would remain avail­ quire that the loans be of such sound value and to receive any appropriate data or in­ able until expended. or so secured as reasonably to assure repay­ formation, from public or private sources. ment. The unobligated balance of the $50 Section 7. Relocation requirements and million authorization for loans under the payments: Section 7(a) of the bill would re­ THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT AND present temporary mass transportation loan quire, for any project assisted with a loan OUR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS program would be made available, without or grant under section 3, that an adequate expiration date, solely for loans under sec­ relocation program is being carried on for Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask tion 3 of this bill. families displaced by the project, and that unanimous consent that the gentleman Section 4(b) would also specify that such an equal number of decent, safe, and sani­ from California [Mr. CLEM MILLER] may loans are to be available only for projects tary dwellings are being provided in areas extend his remarks at this point in the for which no Federal grant is made under of comparable desirab111ty and convenience, RECORD and include extraneous matter. section 3. It is expected that, in the case of at prices which the displaced fam1lies can projects for which there are matching Fed­ afford. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there eral and local grants, those grants would be Section 7(b) of the bill would authorize objection to the request of the gentleman made sufficiently large to provide the cov­ relocation payments to individuals, fam111es, from Georgia? erage necessary for the revenue-based por­ business concerns, and nonprofit organiza­ There was no objection. tion of the financing to be obtained on tions displaced from projects assisted with Mr. CLEM MILLER. Mr. Speaker, reasonable terms in the private market. a loan or a grant under section 3. No lo­ our fruit growing, processing, and Federal loans would therefore be authorized cal contribution would be required for these only for projects which can be entirely shipping industries have very serious grants. They would be financed from the problems relating to the proposed Trade financed from revenues, without any Federal Federal grant fu,nds authorized to be ap­ and local grants. propriated in section 4 of the bill. These Expansion Act of 1962. We are also Section 5. Emergency program: Section 5 payments would cover otherwise uncom­ experiencing great difficulties in our of the bill would provide that, until July 1, pensated reasonable and necessary moving efforts to negotiate with the European 1965, loans and grants could be made under expenses and actual direct losses of property Common Market, and the General Agree­ section 3 of the bill in emergency situations except goodwill or profit. Payments could be ments on Tariffs and Trade. even though certain of the regular planning up to $200 in the case of an individual or I include in the RECORD two informa­ requirements in section 4 had not been met. family and could be for a fixed amount. These emergency loans and grants could be tive and responsible statements by .Payments could be for up to $3,000 (or, spokesmen for these industries. made where ( 1) the program for the devel­ if greater, the total certified actual moving opment of a unified or officially coordinated expenses) in the case of a nonprofit organ­ They furnish excellent background to urban transportation system is under active ization or business concern. the perplexing problems facing us today. preparation although not yet completed, as Section 8. Coordination of Federal assist­ They point up particularly concern we required by section 4; (2) the facilities and ance for highways and for mass transporta­ have for the role of the State Depart­ equipment for which the assistance is sought tion facilities: Section 8 of the bill would ment in carrying on these negotiations. can reasonably be expected to be required provide that the Housing Administrator and They do not content themselves with for such a system; and (3) there is an ur­ the Secretary of Commerce shall consult gent need for their preservation or provi­ criticism but pose constructive r.lterna­ on general urban transportation policies and tives that we well may profit from. sion. An example of such a situation would programs and shall exchange information on be where adequate land-use and other com­ proposed projects in urban areas. Their amendment, which would equalize prehensive development plans have not yet the trade between our country and for­ been prepared for an urban area or where Section 9. Interstate compacts to imple­ ment comprehensive urban planning: Sec­ eign nations-concessions which the a general urban transportation plan for the United States grants to ether nations area, coordinated with such development tion 9 of the bill would amend section 701 (b) plans, has not been completed, but the pro­ of the Housing Act of 1954 to broaden the must also be returned by these foreign posed project would assist an existing trans­ advance congressional consent now provided nations-can only be described as "fair portation system which in all probab111ty in that subsection for interstate compacts or play." It is essential our products not will continue to be needed and which is in other agreements relating to urban develop­ be discriminated against. This amend­ urgent danger of losing needed rights-of­ ment. Section 70l(b) now provides only for ment goes a long way in ending the way or in urgent need of modernization. the establishment of agencies or for other cooperative interstate efforts relating to threat of such discrimination. For that Emergency loans would be made under the reason, I endorse it; I shall support it, same terms and conditions as regular loans, comprehensive planning. The proposed including the prohibition against a loan for amendment would provide also for the estab­ and do all in my power to insure its a project receiving a grant. lishment of agencies or for other coopera­ adoption. Some have said that our Cal­ The emergency Federal grants would be tive efforts in carrying out mass transporta­ ifornia products are expendable because for one-half rather than two-thirds of net tion or other urban development programs. of other competing interests. Responsi­ project cost. In the case of such an emer­ Section 10. General provisions: Section ble officials have stoutly denied that gency grant, the local contribution would lO(a) of the bill would apply, to activities this is the case. The amendment we therefore have to be one-half of net project carried on under this bill, certain admin­ istrative provisions found in section 402 of are supporting will go a long way to cost. However, if a project did meet the full establishing this as congressional policy planning requirement within 3 years from the Housing Act of 1950. These include the the time of such a grant, section 5 provides prevailing wage and overtime provisions in so that there may be no argument. The that the project would then qualify for an section 402(b) of that act, under which statements follow: additional grant equal to the difference be­ prevailing wages, as determined by the SUMMARY OF TESTIMONY OF ERNEST FALK, tween a two-thirds grant and a one-half Secretary of Labor in accord with the Davis­ ON BEHALF OF THE U.S. NATIONAL FRUIT grant; i.e., an additional grant of one-sixth Bacon Act, and time and a half for over­ EXPORT COUNCIL, BEFORE THE WAYS AND of net project cost. time, would be required to be paid to all MEANS COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF REP• The same proportional refund provisions laborers and mechanics employed on proj­ RESENTATIVES, APRIL 5, 1962 would apply to these grants as to a regular ects assisted under this. bill. I am appearing today on behalf of the two-thirds grant. Section lO(b) of'the bill would- U.S. National Fruit Export Council, repre­ Section 6. Research, development, and ( 1) Define "States" to mean the several senting the major part of the fruit industry demonstration projects: Section 6 of the bill States, the District of Columbia, the Com- of the United States,. including more than 6200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 80,000 growers from all over the United The legislation should prohibit the Pres­ feel as any right thinking American should, States: citrus from California, Arizona, ident from making any future concessions that this has been one of the greatest ad­ Texas, and Florida; apples from 27 States; available to any country that has unjustifi­ vances of this ·century of our civilized world. paars from Oregon, Washington, and Cali­ ably nullified or impaired concessions pre­ We rejoice that it has had to date such a fornia; grapes from California; and prunes viously granted to the 'United States with­ marked · success. We recognize what a tre­ from California and Oregon. The council out having made adequate compensation mendous bulwark the European Economic also represents processors and shippers of therefor. Community will be for the Western World these commodities. This recommendation is made because ex­ against communism. We reaiize the full The council membership includes the perience has demonstrated that representa­ significance of its economic impact where California-Arizona Citrus 'Industry, Cali­ tions on the part of the United States have its gross national product now exceeds $200 fornia Grape & Tree Fruit League, Canners not succeeded in modifying or removing billion and that it provides a market for League of California, Dried Fruit Associa­ some of these nontariff barriers, despite food, fibre, and manufactured products of t ion of California, Florida Canners Associa­ GATT obligations for their removal. some 170 million people. These are people tion, Florida Citrus Commission, Florida Continuing representations have taken whose standard of living is rising with Citrus Mutual, International Apple Associa­ place over the past several years in an en­ each milestone passed on the road to true tion, National Apple Institute, Northwest deavor to seek relaxation of quantitative European integration. We are Justly proud Canners & Freezers, Northwest Horticultural or seasonal restrictions on imports of fresh of the part played by the United States in the Council, Texas Citrus & Vegetable Growers apples and pears in most western European establishment of this unprecedented eco­ and Shippers, Texas Citrus Mutual. countries, on winter grapefruit and proc­ nomic and political unit. The farm value of these crops is estimated essed orange and grapefruit products in the President Kennedy has recently submitted at $1.2 billion with a retail value after United Kingdom, and on imports of most to Congress H.R. 9900, otherwise known as packing and processing of nearly $4 billion. horticultural products into France. Despite the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. We Approximately $250 million are exported these, little significant progress has been have traditionally supported the Reciprocal annually. This export market, largely in made. Representations alone have not Trade Agreements Act and expect to sup­ Europe, has traditionally been a significant brought about removal or even reductions of port with perhaps some modification, the outlet for United States fresh and processed these barriers. new Trade Expansion Act. We represent fruits. It was developed with fruit of su­ Another recommendation is that the an industry whose very existence depends perior quality; it has not been a dumping United States modify its most-favored-na­ on foreign trade. In fact, a large share ground for occasional surpluses. Prior to tion policy for tariff concessions. We sug­ of today's orchards were laboriously planted World War II nearly 10 percent of the fresh gest that tariff concessions be available only and carefully brought into production 'for fruits and 25 percent of the processed fruits to those countries who have tariff agree­ the export market. produced ·annually in the United States ments with the United States or are mem­ Earlier this month, an official announce­ were exported. bers of the GATT. We cannot understand ment was released by the White House giv­ Following World War II most European why countries who do not reciprocate with ing the results of the negotiations at the countries prohibited or restricted imports the United States should receive the benefit Geneva Conference under the General Agree­ of U.S. fruits in order to reserve their limited of our tariff concessions. ment on Tariffs and Trade. dollar exchange for products they thought Also, we believe that the most-favored­ The results are grievously disappointing more essential. Many of these restrictions nation policy should be modified so that and the industry is particularly disconcerted were continued long after there was any concessions may be withdrawn from coun-. over the fact that the tariff on California currency shortage justification under the tries that treat us unfairly. and Oregon prunes has actually been doubled in several of the most important General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade We recognize the danger to trade involved (GATT). The result of these nontariff bar­ export markets of Europe, viz, West Ger­ in a mutual withdrawal of concessions. many, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Neth­ riers was to negate the benefit of lower duties Also, we know that retaliatory measures previously negotiated under the GATT. erlands. alone will not guarantee us reasonable ac­ We are incensed over the discriminatory The council testified at the hearings on cess. But, lack of progress in the removal trade agreements legislation in 1955 and in tactics used by the Common Market coun­ of these trade barriers has persuaded us that tries for the purposes of negotiating at the 1958. It stressed the need to obtain removal measures stronger than those heretofore of these barriers to trade in order to make Geneva Conference. The formula adopted used are required if we are to obtain con­ by the European Economic Community for reciprocal trade truly a two-way street. We tinuing reasonable opportunities to export. supported extension of the Trade Agreements setting the common external tariff was to We feel the necessary stronger measures be an arithmetical average of existing Act even though, for U.S. fruit and fruit can come only from legislative direction and products, the act had not worked in the way tariffs of the six countries involved, as of mandate. Only when foreign countries are January 1, 1957. These tariffs were: West it was intended and our products had been convinced that they can no longer success­ discriminated against. Germany, 8 percent; France, 22 percent; fully take advantage of the United States Italy, 15 percent; Benelux (a customs One of the major purposes of the Trade will they live up to their commitments; re­ Agreements Extension Act of 1958 was to en­ union), 8 percent; thus averaging out 13 per­ ciprocal trade can then become a reality. cent. Therefore, the point at which tariff able the negotiation of favorable tariffs with Apparently, congressional action is necessary the European Economic Community. The negotiations on prunes should have started to establish such a firm trade policy. was 13 percent. recently announced EEC common external Without this, we see no reason to grant tariffs, agreed upon at GATT negotiations, However, France held out for an arbitrary authority for future tariff reductions. We, tariff of 18 percent regardless of the pre­ and the provisional Common Market fruit therefore, oppose title II in its present form. and vegetable policy are a great disappoint­ scribed simple arithmetical formula, and it SUMMARY OF STATEMENT OF ROBERT McAR- was on this basis that negotiations were con­ ment to us. Tariffs on important segments ducted, which culminated in an agreement of our trade (for example, dried prunes, fruit THUR, CHAIRMAN, CALIFORNIA PRUNE AD­ VISORY BOARD, ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD to fix the external tariff for prunes in the juices, and canned pineapple) were fixed at Common Market at 16 percent. higher rates than the average of the duties AND THE DRIED FRUIT ASSOCIATION OF CALI­ FORNIA, MARCH 29, 1962 We call attention to the fact that the of the member countries. This at a time tariffs in each of the member states were when reductions were supposed to be nego­ First, may I give you a word about the negotiated and agreed upon, with conces:. tiated. We are also concerned from study dried fruit and tree nut industries in Cali­ sions made from the United States in re­ of the provisional Common Market fruit and fornia, .of which we are a part. There are turn, at previous GATT conferences. All vegetable policy, that the EEC countries some 39,830 growers of record, producing 10 concessions given by the United States to intend to continue or indeed increase 'their commodities in the categories of dried fruits secure the bound tariffs in the above-named nontariff barriers. and tree nuts. The 5-year average produc­ countries were disregarded at the 1961 The United States must make certain the tion of these commodities amounts to 502,- Geneva Conference. tariffs negotiated with the EEC will not be 259 tons with an average farm value of $163,- Of even greater importance and more nullified by nontariff barriers. 588,000. This is farm value only or the disturbing is a provision contained in the Our principal recommendation is that the value of the raw product as it is delivered·to recently announced agricultural policy de­ Congress should make certain that access for the handler's plant. The processed value will cisions of the European Economic Oom­ U.S. horticultural products into the Common exceed $200 million. munity. The provision referred to wlll permit Market and other foreign countries is im­ We are here today to present to you the Common Market countries to impose addi­ proved. To do this, the President should case of California and Oregon prunes as it tional fees in addition to the fixed tariff take special precautions to insure that tariff relates to the European Common Market. when in their judgment, import prices fall concessions are not offset by quotas or other We include Oregon prunes because a large below a reference price of the Common Mar­ import restrictions. portion of these are processed and shipped ket. In effect, this can mean the complete The legislation should provide that when­ from California plants. exclusion of certain California farm products, ever the EEC or any foreign country takes Let me say here and now, so there will including ·prunes, from access . to Common action to nullify or impair concessions, be no misunderstanding in spite of what Market countries. equivalent withdrawals will be made by the we may say here, that we are in complete It is apparent that France, and perhaps United States. Similar action should be harmony, and fully subscribe to the concept Italy, have set the pattern for this unreason­ taken against countries who refuse to re­ 9f a European Economic Community, other­ ably high tariff on California and Oregon move existing unjustifiable barriers. · wise known as the Common Market. We prunes. Currently both of these countries 196fJ" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6201 combined cannot prOduce more than 10,000 SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED The motion was agreed to; accordingly tons of prunes annually, which prunes have (at 5 o'clock and 37 minutes p.m.) _ less consumer acceptance than those pro­ By unanimous consent, permission to duced in the United · States. The six Com­ address the House, following the legisla­ the House adjourned until tomorrow, mon Market countries alone have a potential tive program and any special orders Wednesday, April 11, 1962, at 12 o'clock consumption of an estimated 60,000 tons of heretofore entered, was granted to: noon. prunes, of which the United states should Mr. STAFFORD, for 2 hours, on April 16. be allowed to ship a fair share. Mr. CRAMER, for 30 minutes, today. California is now producing an average of Mr. F'LooD (at the request of Mr. SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF EX­ 152,000 tons of prunes annually, more than LANDRUM), for 1 hour, on Wednesday, PENDITURES OF FOREIGN CUR­ four-fifths of the world's total supply. Pro­ RENCIES AND APPROPRIATED duction will be an estimated 200,000 tons by April 11. 1965. We have historically shipped 40 per­ Mrs. GREEN of Oregon (at the request FUNDS INCURRED IN TRAVEL cent of our production in export and ex­ of Mr. LANDRUM), for 1 hour, on Monday, OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES clusion of our products from the nations of April 16. Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, sec- the European Economic Community wlll be Mr. HEMPHILL (at the request of Mr. nothing shc:>rt of disastrous to the growers tion 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act LANDRUM), for 1 hour, on Tuesday, of 1954, as amended by section 401 (a) of of California and Oregon prunes, and the 17. communities in which they live. April Public Law 86-472, approved May 14, We again make it clear and emphasize that 1960, and section 105 .of Public Law 86- as an industry we are mindful of the eco­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS 628, approved July 12, 1960, require the nomic and political importance of the Euro­ By unanimous consent, permission to reporting of expenses incurred in con­ pean Economic Community to the Western extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL nection with travel outside the United World, that we should give it our whole­ RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, hearted support and encouragement. How­ States, including both foreign currencies ever, we urge the Congress to insist that it was granted to: Mr. RYAN of New York and include expended and dollar expenditures made not be permitted to become a fortress of from appropriated funds by Members, protectionism against our Nation which has extraneous matter. given so generously of 1t.s wealth and re­ (The following Members (at the re­ employees, and committees of the Con­ sources to establish it. We urge the Con­ quest of Mr. LINDSAY) and to include ex­ gress. gress, and our Departments of State, Com­ traneous matter:) The law requires the chairman of ea.ch merce, and Agriculture, not to allow the Mr. RIEHLMAN. committee to prepare a consolidated re­ tariff barriers and walls which are crumbling Mr.FINO. port of foreign currency and dollar ex­ within the Common Market to be rebuilt around Its perimeter. Mr. BERRY in two instances. penditures from appropriated funds (The following Members (at the re­ within the first 60 days that Congress is quest of Mr. LANDRUM) and to include in session in each calendar year, cover­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE extraneous matter:) ing expenditures for the previous calen­ Mr. CELLER. By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ dar year. The consolidated report is to Mr. COHELAN, be forwarded to the Committee on House sence was granted to: Mr. ANFuso in two instances. of Administration. which, in turn. shall Mr. THOMPSON New Jersey (at the Mr. PETERSON. request of Mr. HAYS), for today, April 10, print such report in the CONGRESSIONAL 1962, on account of official business. RECORD within 10 legislative days after Mr.. DINGELL (at the request of Mr. ADJOURNMENT receipt. There is submitted herewith a ALBERT), for today, on account of a Mr. LANDRUM. Mr. Speaker, I move supplemental report from the House death in the family. that the House do now adjourn. Committee on Banking and Currency: Report of expenditure of foreign currencies and appropriated funds, Committee on Banking and Currency, U.S. House of Representatives, expended between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1961

Lodging Meals Transportation Miscellaneous Total Nameol Name and country currency U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency currency currency currency currency

Abraham 1. Multer: Austria______Schilling ______5,488.50 210. 71 4,139.45 159. 21 609. 20 23. 43 1, 287. 85 49. 53 11, 525 442. 88 Transportation to Austria as ------~------______709. 00 ------709. 00 representative to World Bank meeting in Vienna, Austria. Azores ______------1. 00 4. 50 ------2.00 7.50 Italy------Lira______71,088 ll4.47 118, 700 191. 14 193,800 312.07 39,270 62. 27 422, 858 679. 95 Hawaii______U.S. dollar ______------86. 94 206. 26 42.00 46. 15 381.35 Papeete ______do ______------61. 00 92. 35 49. 00 15.00 217.35 Nandi ______------27. 30 22. 40 25.17 6. 77 81.64 New Zealand______Pound ______. 1177.16 496. 05 20.17. 8 56. 51 12. 16 34.05 15. 16 42. 45 224. 66 629.00 Australia ______do______119. 03. 8 267.84 115 ..14 248. 07 13. 38 30_11 17.16. 8 38. 63 264. 73 584. 65 Transportation purchased by State Deutsche mark______2,657.34 666.00 ------2,657.34 666.00 Department.· Total______1,265.31 ______980. 44 ------1,891. 73 262. 80 ------4,400.28

1 Item includes lodging, meals, and transportation as charged to me by New Zealand Government Travel Service, without breakdown. RECAPITULATION Foreign currency (U.S. dollar equivalent) ______: ______------______------_------$4, 400. 28

BREN'J: SPENCE, Chairman, Committee on Banking and Currency. APR. 4, 1962.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, draft of a. proposed bill entitled "A bill to proposed bill entitled "A bill to provide for ETC. extend the temporary extended unemploy­ continuation of authority for regulation of ment compensation program, to increase the exports, and for other purposes"; to the Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive rate of the Federal unemployment tax for Committee on Banking and Currency. communications were taken from the taxable year 1964, and for other purposes"; 1920. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ Speaker's ta.bl~ and referred as ,follows: to the Committee on Ways and . Means. eral of the United States, ·transmitting a re­ 1918. A communication from the Presi­ . 191!}. A letter from the Acting Secretary port on the misass1gnment and .ineffective dent of the United States, transmitting a of Commerce. transmitting a draft of a utilization .of Ready Reserve personnel in 6202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 10 the XV Corps, 6th U.S. Army; to the Com­ REPORTS OF COMMITrEES ON PRI­ Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ mittee on Government Operations. VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ciary. H.R. 10314. A bill for the relief of 1921. A letter from the Acting Secretary W11liam Radkovich Co., Inc.; with amend­ of Commerce, transmitting a draft of a pro­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of ment (Rept. No. 1684). Referred to the posed b111 entitled "A b111 to amend the act committees were delivered to the Clerk Committee of the Whole House. approved July 14, 1960 (74 Stat. 626), as for printing and reference to the proper amended, relating to the establishment of calendar as follows: a register of names in the Department of PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Commerce of certain motor vehicle drivers"; Mr. WILLIS: Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H.R. 11032. A b111 granting a renewal of Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Commerce. patent No. 92,187 relating to the badge of bills and resolutions were introduced and 1922. A letter from the General Manager, the Sons of the American Legion; without severally referred as follows: amendment (Rept. No. 1664). Referred to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, transmit­ By Mr. MORRIS (by request): ting a draft of a proposed b111 entitled "A the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WILLIS: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 11186. A b111 to amend the Atomic b111 to amend the Atomic Energy Community Energy Community Act of 1966, as amended, Act of 1966, as amended, to provide for the I:I.R. 11033. A bUl granting a renewal of disposal of federally owned properties at patent No. 66,398 relating to the badge of to provide for the disposal of federally owned properties at Los Alamos, N. Mex., and for Los Alamos, N. Mex., and for other pur­ the American Legion Auxiliary; without amendment (Rept. No. 1665). Referred to other purposes; to the Joint Committee on poses"; to the Joint Committee on Atomic Atomic Energy. Energy. the Committee of the Whole House. 1923. A letter from the Director, Admin­ Mr. WILLIS: Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ANFUSO: istrative Office U.S. Courts, transmitting the H.R. 11034. A b111 granting a renewal of H.R. 11186. A bill to provide for the annual report of statistical tables refie<:ting patent No. 54,296 relating to the badge of establishment of a National Academy for the business transacted by the bankruptcy the American Legion; without amendment Public Service; to the Committee on Post courts and other pertinent data for the fiscal (Rept. No. 1566). Referred to the Commit­ Office and Civil Service. year ending June 30, 1961, pursuant to sec­ tee of the Whole House. By Mr. COHELAN: tion 63 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 11187. A bill relating to certain 81); to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 505. An act for the relief of Seymour facilities and improvements of the United Robertson; without amendment (Rept. No. States and the rights of the United States 1571) . Referred to the Committee of the in and to certain real property situated in REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ Whole House. Oakland, Calif.; to the Committee on Armed LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. Services. S. 508. An act for the relief of John E. By Mr. FLOOD: Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports R .R. 11188. A bill to authorize the Sec­ of committees were delivered to the Beaman and Adelaide K. Beaman; without amendment (Rept. No. 1572). Referred to retary of Commerce to purchase industrial Clerk for printing and reference to the the Committee of the Whole House. and commercial evidences of indebtedness proper calendar, as follows: Mr. SHRIVER: Committee on the Judi­ to promote certain industrial and commercial Mr. FORRESTER: Committee on the Judi­ ciary. S. 704. An act for the relief of loans in r Jdevelopment areas by lending ciary. Senate Joint Resolution 147. Joint Marlys E. Tedin and Elizabeth 0. Reynolds; institutions in order to help such areas resolution providing for the establishment without amendment (Rept. No. 1573). Re­ plan and finance their economic redevelop­ of the North Carolina Tercentenary Celebra­ ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. ment and for other purposes; . to the Com­ tion Commission to formulate and imple­ Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ mittee on Banking anq Currency. ment plans to commemorate the 300th an­ ciary. S. 2151. An act for the relief of By Mr. GLENN: niversary of the State of North Carolina, and Harvey Burstein; without amendment (Rept. H.R. 11189. A bill to provide for the medi­ for other purposes; without amendment No. 1574). Referred to the Committee of cal and hosp!tal care of the aged through (Rept. No. 1667). Referred to the Commit­ the Whole House. a system of voluntary health insurance, and tee of the Whole House on the State of the Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. for other purposes; to the Committee on Union. S. 2319. An act for the relief of Harry E. Ways and Means. · Mr. FORRESTER: Committee on the Judi­ Ellison, captain, U.S. Army, retired; with­ By Mr. GONZALEZ: ciary. H.R. 4866. A bill to amend sections out amendment (Rept. No. 1576). Referred H.R. 11190. A b111 to authorize the estab­ 334, 367, and 369 of the Bankruptcy Act ( 11 to the Committee of the Whole House. lishment of a Youth Development Corps to U.S.C. 734, 767, 769) and to add a new sec­ Mr. LINDSAY: Committee on the Judi­ provide healthful outdoor employment for tion 366 so as to require claims to be filed ciary. S. 2649. An act for the relief of young men and to advance the conserva­ and to limit the time within which claims Edward L. Wertheim; without amendment tion, development, and management of na• tnay be filed in chapter XI (arrangement) (Rept. No. 1676). Referred to the Commit­ tional resources to timber, soil, and range, proceedings to the time prescribed by sec­ tee of the Whole House. and of recreational areas; and to authorize tion 67n of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. pilot local public service employment pro­ 93n); without amendment (Rept. No. 1668). Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 6021. A b111 for the relief of Lt. Don grams; to the Committee on Education and Referred to the Committee of the Whole Labor. House on the State of the Union. Walsh and Lt. Lawrence A. Shumaker; with­ out amendment (Rept. No. 1677). Referred H.R. 11191. A bill to amend the Immigra­ Mr. FORRESTER: Committee on the Judi­ tion and Nationality Act; to the Committee ciary. H.R. 6149. A bUl to amend subdivi­ to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. BATTIN: Committee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary. sion d of section 60 of the Bankruptcy Act By Mr. JOELSON: (11 U.S.C. 96d) so as to give the court au­ H.R. 6386. A bUl for the relief of Cleo A. Dekat; with amendment (Rept. No. 1678). H.R. 11192. A bill to encourage the de­ thority on its own motion to reexamine at­ velopment, initiation, and expansion of torney fees paid or to be paid in a bank­ Referred to the Committee of the Wt.ole ruptcy proceeding; without amendment House. occupational safety programs in the States (Rept. No. 1569). Referred to the House Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. -through grants to States-for such purposes, Calendar. H.R. 7617. A blll for the relief of John W. and for other purposes; to the Committee Mr. FORRESTER: Committee on the Judi­ Schleiger; without amendment (Rept. No. on Education and Labor. ciary. House Joint Resolution 641. Joint 1579). Referred to the Committee of the By Mr. KILGORE: resolution designating February 20 of each Whole House. H.R. 11193. A bill to amend· section 165 of year as John Glenn Day; without amend­ Mr. MACGREGOR: Committee on the Ju­ the Internal Revenue Code of 1964 with re­ ment (Rep~. No. 1670) . Referred to the diciary. H.R. 8321. A blll for the relief of sp~ct to the treatment of certain casualty House Calendar. Maj. Clara May Matthews; without amend­ losses attributable to natural disasters; to Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: Joint Com­ ment (Rept. No. 1680). Referred to the the Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on the Disposition of Executive Committee of the Whole House. By Mr. McDONOUGH: Papers. House Report No. 1685. Report on Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. R.R. 11194. A bill to provide for the med­ the disposition of certain papers of sundry H.R. 9466. A bill for the relief of Sfc. Jesse ical and hospital care of the aged through executive departments. Ordered to be 0. Smith; without amendment (Rept. No. a system of voluntary health insurance, and printed. 1681). Referred to the Committee of the for other purposes; to the Committee on Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina: Committee Whole House. Ways and Means. on Armed Services. H.R. 9752. A bill to au­ Mr. LIBONATI: Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. McDOWELL: thorize the Secretary of Defense to lend cer­ ciary. H.R. 9782. A bill for the relief of H.R. 11195. A bill to authorize a study of tain Army, Navy, and Air Force equipment Col. A. A. Watson; without amendment methods of helping to provide financial as­ and to provide transportation and other (Rept. No. 1582). Referred to the Commit­ sistance to victims of future flood disasters; services to the Boy Scouts of America in con­ tee of the Whole House. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. nection with the World Jamboree of Boy Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ - By Mr·. PURCELL: Scouts to be held in Greece in 1963, and ciary. H.R. 10026. A b111 for the relief of R.R. 11196. A bill to change the name of for other purposes; witJ::1 amendment (Rept. Thomas J. Fitzpatrick and Peter D. Power; Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, located in Den­ No. 1686). Referred to the Committee of without amendment (Rept. No. 1683). Re­ ton: County, Tex., to Lake Lewisville; to the the Whole House on the State of the Union. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Committee on Public Works. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6203 By Mr. SLACK: MEMORIALS from State and local bonds; to the Com­ H.R. 11197. A bill to amend Public Law mittee on the Judiciary. 86-184, an act to provide for the striking of Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials 299. Also, petition of Margery L. Ames, medals in commemoration of the 100th an­ were presented and referred as follows: city clerk, Chico, Calif., relative to opposing niversary of the admission of West Virginia By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ Federal taxation of interest derived from into the Union as a State; to the Committee lature of the State of California, memorializ­ State and local bonds; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. ing the President and the Congress of the on the Judiciary. By Mr. VANIK: United States relative to an international ex­ 300. Also, petition of Lucille W. Randolph, . H.R. 11198. A bill to assist cities and States position in San Francisco, Calif.; to the Com­ city clerk, Gardena, Calif., relative to oppos­ by amending section 5136 of the Revised mittee on Foreign Affairs. ing Federal taxation of interest derived from Statutes, as amended, with respect to the au­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the State and local bonds; to the Committee on thority of national banks to underwrite and State of Hawaii, memorializing the President the Judiciary. deal in securities issued by State and local and the Congress of the United States rela­ 301. Also, petition of George W. Smith, governments, and for other purposes; to the tive to expressing the confidence of the peo­ city clerk, Monterey, Calif., relative to op­ Committee on Banking and Currency. ple of Hawaii in the United Nations and posing Federal taxation of interest derived By Mr. BUCKLEY (by request) : urging its financial support by the United from State and local bonds; to the Commit­ States; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. tee on the Judiciary. H.R. 11199. A bill to authorize appropria­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the 302. Also, petition of Ruth S. Hogan, city tions for the fiscal years 1964 and 1966 for State of Rhode Island, memorializing the clerk, Laverne, Calif., relative to opposing the construction of certain highways in ac­ President and the Congress of the United Federal taxation of interest derived from cordance with title 23 of the United States States relative to the enactment of the Presi­ State and local bonds; to the Committee on Code, and for other purposes; to the Com­ dent's public welfare program (H.R. 10032); the Judiciary. mittee on Public Works. to the Committee on Ways and Means. 303. Also, petition of Gladys R. Wallin, city By Mr. CAHILL: clerk, Petaluma, Calif., relative to opposing H.R. 11200. A bill to amend the act of Federal taxation of interest derived from August 13, 1946, relating to Federal partici­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS State and local bonds; to the Committee on pation in the cost of protecting the shores the Judiciary. of the United States and its territories and Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 304. Also, petition of Takeji Akamine, possessions; to the Committ.ee on Public bills and resolutions were introduced and chairman, Okinawa Prefectural Reversion Works. severally referred as follows: Council, Okinawa, relative to requesting the By Mr.FORD: By Mr. BAILEY: return of Okinawa to Japan; to the Com­ H.R. 11201. A bill to authorize free post H.R. 11205. A bill for the relief of Dr. Fidel mittee on Foreign Affairs. office service for certain patrons and for other Rodriguez Cubas; to the Committee on the purposes; to the Committee on Post Office Judiciary. II ..... •• and Civil Service. By Mr. COHELAN: By Mr. MOELLER: H.R. 11206. A bill for the relief of Stephen SENATE You (Chun Pai Yu); to the Committee on the H.R. 11202. A bill to amend the Federal Judiciary. TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1962 Employees Health Benefits Act of 1959 and By Mr. CONTE: to provide additional choice of health bene­ H.R. 11207. ·A bill for the relief of Mr. and The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, fits plans, and for other purposes; to the Mrs: Sushil K. Mukherjee and son; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. and was called to order by the Vice Presi­ Committee on the Judiciary. dent. By Mr. O'KONSKI: By Mr. FINNEGAN: H.R. 11203. A bill to provide for the medi­ H.R. 11208. A bill for the relief of Dimitrios Rev. Richard R. Potter, D.D., pastor, cal and hospital care of the aged through and Lola Dimas and daughter, Mary Dimas; First Presbyterian Church, Staunton, a system of voluntary health insurance, and to the Committee on the Judiciary. Va., offered the following prayer: for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. GLENN: Ways and Means. H.R.11209. A bill for the relief of Jorge Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Shojiro Mukoyama, Misuzu Theresa Muko­ who art infinite, eternal, and unchange­ By Mr. PELLY: able, look upon us with mercy in this H.R. 11204. A bill to amend section 502 yama, and Takumi Frederico Mukoyam.a; to of the Merchant 1\{arine Act, 1936, to provide the Committee on the Judiciary. fleeting, fragile hour. We know not what for bidding for the building of construction­ By Mr. HOLLAND: a day may bring forth, nor how to handle differential subsidy ships on a regional basis, H.R. 11210. A bill for the relief of Donato it when it comes. We haggle over issues and for other purposes; to the Committee on Panella; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the moment, and ·jockey for positions . Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. HOLIFIELD: H.R. 11211. A bill for the relief of Kee of prestige and power; and soon both By Mr. HOSMER: Leung Chin; to the Committee on the Judi­ our day and our way are gone. But deep H.J. Res. 685. Joint resolution providing ciary. down we know that Thou art God and for the establishment of a joint committee of By Mr. JOELSON: we are the people of Thy pasture, the the two Houses of the Congress to study all H.R. 11212. A blll for the relief of Maria sheep of Thy hand. Without Thee, we matters relating to national strategy; to the Giusseppa Fantauzzi; to the Committee on stumble and fall; we go astray and are Committee on Rules. the Judiciary. lost. Lead us, we pray, with kindly iight, By Mr. PIRNIE: By Mr. SIBAL: and let Thy rod and Thy staff protect H.J. Res. 686. Joint resolution to amend H.R. 11213. A bill for the relief of Peter and comfort us. Grant wisdom to the the Constitution of the United States to pro­ Carson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. vide the right of States to establish their By Mr. ZELENKO: Senate, and let righteousness and peace, own election districts; to the Committee on H.R. 11214. A bill for the relief of Wang justice and honor, freedom and truth, be the ·Judiciary. Chen-Yu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the products of its deliberations. Bless By Mr. DAWSON: these Senators, and enable them to know H. Res. 592. Resolution providing for the Thee and do Thy will. Let Thy blessings expenses of conducting studies and investi­ PETITIONS, ETC. be upon all our land and all our leaders, gations authorized by rule XI (8) incurred Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions making us a people acceptable in Thy by the Committee on Government Opera­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk sight and usable in Thy world. For this tions; to the Committee on House Adminis­ and referred as follows: we pray in the name of Jesus Christ, tration. through whom Tho·u didst bless all men, By Mr. FARBSTEIN: 296. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Henry G. Bartsch, executive secretary, Hackers As­ and who is, himself, King of kings and H. Res. 593. Resolution requesting the Sec­ sociation of Washington, D.C., relative to Lord of lords. Amen. retary of Stat.e to furnish to the House the petition of Cabell Daniel Moody, secre­ of Representatives full and complete infor­ tary of the Hackers Association of Washing­ mation with respect to the reasons underly­ ton, D.C., relating to the operation of taxi­ THE JOURNAL ing the U.S. sponsorship and active support cabs in the District of Columbia; to the on ·request· of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by of the censure of Israel ·by the United Na­ Committee on the District of Columbia. tions Security Council; to the Committee on unanimous consent, the reading of the 297. Also, petition of Roger L. Sarratt, clerk J oumal of the proceedings of Monday, Foreign Affairs. of the council, New Orleans, La., relative to By Mr. SCHWEIKER: endorsing and requesting the enactment of April 9, 1962, was dispensed with. H. Res. 594. Resolution amending the Rules H.R. 10898 and H.R. 10901; to the Committee of the House of Representatives relating to on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT the appointment of professional and clerical 298. Also, petition of Gwen Wiesner, city staffs of the committees of the House; to clerk, Garden Grove, Calif., relative to op­ Messages in writing from the Presi­ the Committee on Rulel?, posing Federal taxation of interest derived dent of the United States submitting