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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Kamla Et Al World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Kamla et al . World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF ImpactResearch Factor 8.074 Volume 7, Issue 12, 602-612. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION OF PRITHVI MAHABHUTA DOMINANT CHARACTERS IN UDUMBARA (FICUS GLOMERATA ROXB.) THROUGH PHARMACOGNOCY AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Kamla Moond1*, Hitesh Vyas2, Harisha C. R.3 and V. J. Shukla4 1,2Dept. of Basic Principles, I.P.G.T. and R.A., GAU, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. 3Dept. of Pharmacognosy, I.P.G.T. and R.A., GAU, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. 4Dept. of Pharmaceutical chemistry, I.P.G.T. and R.A., GAU, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 April 2018, Ficus glomerata Roxb commonly called as “Fig tree” is traditionally Revised on 15 May 2018, popular for its medicinal properties. It grows abundantly in all parts of Accepted on 05 June 2018, DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201812-12581 India. Udumbara is used since the times of Vedas in spiritual practices. Used extensively in Ayurveda to treat bleeding disorder, Leucorrhoea, *Corresponding Author Menorrhagia, fractured bones, complexion enhancer and wound Dr. Kamla Moond healing. In present study Udumbara was selected as a Parthiva Dept. of Basic Principles, dominant drug according to its Rasa panchaka, after that it was I.P.G.T and R.A., GAU, assessed by pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical study and result Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. also shows that Udumbara is having dominance of Prithvi mahabhuta. KEYWORDS: Udumbara, Prithvi mahabhuta, Pharmacognosy. INTRODUCTION Udumbara is well known drug for its use since ancient times. Ficus glomerata Roxb. commonly called as “Fig tree” is traditionally popular for its medicinal properties. Plant used as a source of medicine throughout the world. F. glomerata commonly known as Gular or Udumbara, found in all parts of India. It is found in moist localities like sides of ravine, along banks of streams and also on rocky slopes. Atharvaveda considers this as a divine plant and much used in religious sacrifice. www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 12, 2018. 602 Kamla et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research It is believed that sacred fire produced by Udumbara wood generates prosperity, welfare, wealth, glory and energy. Udumbara mentioned as the donor of various things of daily usage and destroyer of enemies.[1] Acharya Charaka mentioned the properties of Udumbara as Guru, Sheeta and Vishtambhi (antagonist to motion) and causes stoutening effect in body.[2] Kaiyadeva Nighantu also describes the property of Udumbara as Sheeta, Madhura, Guru and increases Kapha[3]. In Madanaadi Nighantu properties of Udumbara are mentioned as Kashaya Rasa, Snigdha, taking much time in digestion and increases Kapha Dosha.[4] Acharya Vagbhatta describes Udumbara as Ruksha, Sheeta, Guru and absorbefacient in nature.[5] Acharya Charaka has classified Udumbara under Mutra Sangrahaniya Varga and Kashaya Skandha. He mentioned this drug at 35 places in Charaka Samhita. Acharya Sushruta classified Udumbara in Nyagrodhadigana and mentioned this drug at eleven places whereas Vagbhatta mentioned it at about sixteen places.[6,7] India has a rich source of plant biodiversity possessing tremendous medicinal properties. Ficus glomerata Roxb. is a popular medicinal plant in India, which has long been used extensively in Ayurveda to treat bleeding disorder, Leucorrhoea, Menorrhagia, fractured bones, complexion enhancer and wound healing because of its Kashaya Rasa, Sheeta, Ruksha and Vishtambhi Guna due to Prithvi Mahabhuta. F. glomerata extracts have also been reported to possess significant medicinal and pharmacological properties like anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activity.[8] Ayurvedic properties Rasa: Kashaya (bark), Madhura, Kashaya (fruit) Guna: Ruksha, Guru, Shushka Veerya: Sheeta Vipaka: Katu (bark), Madhura (fruit) Chemical Constituents Bark- Tannins, ceryl behanate, lupeol, lupeol acetate, α & β- amyrin, gluanol acetate, β- sitosterol, stigmasterol and a ketone. Gluanol acetate and β-sitosterol, cycloartenol, euphorbol, hexacosa-nate, triacetate, taraxerone, tetratriterpene, glauano-lacetate, racemosic www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 12, 2018. 603 Kamla et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research acid, glauanol, glucose, hentriacon-tane have also been isolatated (Sati et al., 1989).[9] An alkaloid, dumurin has been isolated from the stem bark. Different varieties of Udumbara Dalhana mentioned two varieties 1. Udumbara – Ficus glomerata (also known as Ficus Racemosa) and 2. Kasthodumbara/ Kakodumbara (Ficus Hispida) Rajanighantu mention three varieties 1. Udumbara, 2. Nayodumbara and 3. Phalgu (Anjeer/Ficus carica) Parts used: Bark, Fruit, Latex. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1. Mahabhautika dominance assessment through classics. 2. Assessment of Mahabhautika dominance in Udumbara by pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Raw drugs Raw drug was collected from the pharmacy department, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar. The botanical name & part used are given in table 1. Table 1: Botanical Name & Part Used. Sanskrit name Botanical name Part used Udumbara Ficus glomerata Bark Pharmacognostical evaluation The raw drug was identified and authenticated by the Pharmacognosy laboratory, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. The identification was carried out based on morphological features, organoleptic characters and powder microscopy of the drug. The initial purpose of study was to confirm the authenticity of the drug. First studied the dried powered under the Corl Zeiss Trinoculor microscope attached with camera with and without staining. Microphotographs were also taken under the microscope.[10] www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 12, 2018. 604 Kamla et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Physicochemical parameters The drug was analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative parameters at Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of I.P.G.T. &R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.[11] HPTLC Extracts of drugs were spotted on pre-coated silica gel GF 60254 aluminium plates as 5mm bands, 5mm apartand 1cm from the edge of the plates, by means of a Camag Linomate V sample applicator fitted with a 100 μL Hamilton syringe. Toluene (7 ml), Ethyl acetate (2 ml), Acetic acid (1 ml) was used as the mobile phase. After development, Densitometric scanning was performed with a Camag T.L.C. scanner III in reflectance absorbance mode at 254 nm and 366 nm under control of win CATS software (V 1.2.1 Camag). The slit dimensions were 6 mm x 0.45 mm and the scanning speed was 20 mm s-1. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Pharmacognostical Evaluation Organoleptic characters The colour, odour, taste etc. of the powders were recorded and placed in Table 2. Table 2: Organoleptic Features of Bark powder. Colour Odour Taste Touch Brown Characteristic Astringent Fine course powder Microscopic Evaluation of Udumbara Twaka powder The diagnostic characters observed under the microscope are Rhomboidal crystal, Tannin content, Simple fibers, Cluster crystal, Cork in surface, Cork in tangential view, Crystal fiber, Fragment of cystolith, Pitted stone cell, Prismatic crystal, Lignified fibers, Lignified stone cell and Simple starch grains ( Microphotographs Plate 1. 1-13). Physico-chemical parameters Drug was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, total ash value, pH value. The results are placed at Table 3. HPTLC Methanol extracts of drugs were spotted on pre-coated silica gel at 254 nm and 366 nm Results are depicted in the Table 4 and Plate 2. www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 12, 2018. 605 Kamla et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Table 3: Physico chemical parameters of Udumbara Twaka. No. Physico-chemical parameter Result 1 Loss on drying 2.5 % w/w 2 Ash value 2.75 % w/w 3 Water soluble extract 11% w/w 4 Methanol soluble extract 16.4% w/w 5 pH value (5% solution in Water) 6.5 Table 4: Results of HPTLC of Udumbara Twaka. Observation under UV radiation 254 nm 366 nm Track Solvent system No. of No. of Rf value Rf value spots spots Toluene (7ml) : Udumbara 0.01, 0.18, 0.28, 0.36, 0.01, 0.18, 0.28, Ethyl acetate Twaka 10 0.45, 0.59, 0.62, 0.75, 8 0.36, 0.45, 0.59, (2ml): Churna 0.86, 0.94 0.62, 0.94 Acetic acid (1ml) DISCUSSION Acharya Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhatta all had described the properties of Pancha Bhautika Dravyas by their Guna and Karma, out of them the Dravyas (drugs), which are predominant in properties of heavy, coarse, hard, dull, stable, non-slimy, solid, gross, gruff are Parthiva (constituted predominantly by Prthivi mahabhuta). They exert actions like development, compactness, heaviness and firmness. Acharya Sushruta also described that Parthiva dravyas are mostly Madhura and Kashaya in Rasa and are having downward movement instinctively. Ayurveda sutra also mentioned that Kashaya Rasa is originates from Prithvi Mahabhuta[12] Udumbara also possess Kashaya Rasa, Guru, Ruksha guna and Sheeta veerya. So, by seeing their Rasa Panchaka Udumbara was selected as a Parthiva Dravya and after that, pharmacognostical & pharmaceutical study were also supported the Prithvi dominance of Udumbara. In powder microscopy of Udumbara Twaka, there are many structures which are hard, dense, compactly arranged and give physical strength like Rhomboidal crystal, Cluster crystal, Crystal fiber, Fragment of cystolith, Pitted stone cell, Prismatic crystal, Lignified fibers, Lignified stone cell etc. these characters are strongly dominated by Prithvi mahabhuta.
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