University Values – University Integrity“

21st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION (ICHE)

„University Values – University Integrity“

August 26–28, 2010 Trier, Germany Palace of the Electoral Prince (Kurfürstliches Palais) Place of the opening session of the conference In the background the Roman Basilica

The conference jointly is organised by the University of Trier and the International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE) See the program of the conference on pages 11–13

2 Welcome of the President of the University of Trier

As host of the 21st International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE) I am pleased to welcome all of you in Germany’s oldest city and its university. We are proud to bring together heads of universities, scholars and researchers from so many parts of the world to exchange their views on „University Values – University Integrity“, an actual, interesting and alarming topic. When I heard for the first time the title of the confere nce I was full of sympathy to have this conference here in Trier. Yes, misuse of university values from inside and outside threaten university integrity. I welcome the variety of contibutions to identify the problem and the recommendations how higher education institutions can meet and overcome critical situations in this context.

Trier and its university situated very near the border of Luxemburg, France and Bel- gium is an excellent place in Europe to discuss proble ms of higher education under international perspectives. The many foreign students and scholars of our university, the many international research centers express a spirit of openmindedness and in- ternationalism.

This year the university celebrates its 40th anniversary (1970–2010), not to mention the 325 years of the old university in Trier (1473–1798). I am optimistic that the conference in Trier will be successful. The latin words in the seal of the university give reason for this optimism: „Treveris ex urbe deus complet dona sophiae“ (In the city of Trier god fulfils the donations of wisdom).

I wish the conference all the best and the participants good days in this lovely old city with its modern university.

Prof. Dr. Peter Schwenkmezger

3 Welcome

of the President of the International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE)

On behalf of the Steering Committee of the Internatio- nal Conference on Higher Education (ICHE) I welcome all participants of the 21st International Conference on Higher Education in Trier. During our last conference in Bangi/Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, a country where the Malay majority lives together with a strong Chinese and Indian minority, we intensively discussed „The Role of the University in Bridging Civilizations“ intending to promote understanding amongst different civilizations.

This year in Trier we will analyse the elements that undermine university values like institutional autonomy, academic freedom and independence of teaching and research. „University Integrity“ is in the center of the presentations and discussions.

Integrity can be undermined by both external and internal elements. Pressure from political authorities or economic enterprises may hinder objective research or ma- nipulate unwelcome results. Academics may, for their personal profit, allow themselves to be corrupted. Such misusses happen. We want to exchange views about how institutions of higher education handle or meet these abuses or even foster them.

We expect presentations on how university integrity has been violated and/or university values saved. May the conference contribute to better university governance in defending university values and integrity.

Ignaz Bender Chancellor em. of the University of Trier

4 Ihsan Dogramaci (1915–2010) Founder of the International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE)

Homage

On February 25, 2010, the founder of the International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE), Professor Ihsan Dogramaci, passed away. He, an international higher education personality, based in Turkey, was born in Erbil (modern day Iraq), studied medicine and became an oustanding professor of paediatrics at the University of Ankara, at the Hacettepe University Ankara and a visiting professor at the University of Paris. He was Rector of Ankara University and Hacettepe University Ankara. He founded Bilkent University in Ankara, the first private university of Turkey (Bilkent = city of science). For over ten years he was President of the Council of Higher Education of Turkey.

Ihsan Dogramaci was member of the German „Akademie der Naturforscher Leopol- dina“, fellow of Royal College of Physicians, London, membre correspondant de L’Aca- demie Nationale de Medicine, Paris, member of the American Academy of Pediatrics, member of the Indian National Academy of Sciences and others. He was Honorary Member of the World Health Organisation (WHO). He received 25 honorary doctorates. The doctorate of the University of Rome „La Sapienza“ he received together with Pope John Paul II.

Ihsan Dogramaci initiated a university reform in Turkey. To compare intentions and results with the outside world he invitedunive rsity representatives from all over the world. This was the founding hour of the International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE). He was a passionate participant of most of the conferences held in America, Europe and Asia. As fluent speaker of English, French, German, Arabic, Persian and other languages including Swiss dialects he stimulated every conversation. His higher education experience, his knowledge of most of the university systems in the world were the basis of his lucid presentations and comments during the conferences.

The hours with him, the generosity when hosting the conference in Ankara are unfor- gettable. ICHE recognised Ihsan Dogramaci as „Outstanding International Higher Edu- cation Personality“. ICHE will continue in his spirit.

Ignaz Bender President of ICHE

5 What is I.C.H.E.?

The International Conference on Higher Education (ICHE) is a meeting of minds on significant issues in higher education, primarily university governanace. It assembles experts in higher education (heads/administrators of higher education institutions, scholars, resarchers) and representatives of interested organisations and foundations.

The conference is international. Participants come from all corners of the world, including North and Latin America, West und Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. The conference is independant; not linked to any national or international organisation. It is a free forum of minds for the exchange of opinions or experiences, views, new trends in higher education.

The conference is in particular devoted to improving university governance. The political changes in many parts of the world have created more opportunities for the development of autonomous and effective university systems. Many higher education institutions, in particular in new democracies, need consultation and support.

Does the conference have any effect ? Two examples may demonstrate this.

When the conference met 1998 in Qingdao / P.R. of China and debated the topic „De- mand and Supply of Higher Education in a Market Economy“ we insisted that the Chinese government itself gives the answer how to realize a market economy with too few higher educated people. We heard from an official Chinese representative that China has not enough universities (one hundred more were needed) to teach students and therefore needs the support from abroad. One year later during the Education Congress in the People’s Congress Hall in Beijing State President of China Jiang Zeming repeated in his speech essential parts óf what we had heard on our conference one year earlier. The result was that China opened its borders for students to study abroad. Today 700.00 Chinese students frequent foreign universities.

A second example: the Islamic World Academy of Sciences has informed ICHE that ICHE conference participants have in their Islamic countries started a process to give more attention and financial support to education, higher education and research. The Malaysian government for example gave each of the four best universities in the country one billion US-Dollar to be more competitive in the international unive rsity world. What can we expect more ?

6 Previous Meetings

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2008 The Role of the University in Bridging Civi- lizations

Cluj Napoca, Romania 2007 The Cultural Mission of the University

Ankara, Turkey 2005 Strengths and Weaknesses of Public and Private Universities

Luxemburg 2004 Fundraising for Universities

Krakow, Poland 2002 Data Accessibility and Protection: Legal and Ethical Issues

Irbid-Amman, Jordan 2001 The Impact of Higher Education on the De- velopment of Community and Socie ty

Maribor, Slovenia 2000 Ethical Considerations in Research and Tea- ching

Prague, Czech Republic 1999 Comparability of Academic Qualifications - Managing the Accreditation Process

Qingdao, China 1998 Supply and Demand for Higher Education in Market Economy

Leicester, UK 1997 Managing Global Co-operation in Higher Education

Ankara, Turkey 1996 Increasing Flexibility in University Financing

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 1995 Balancing Teaching and Research

Ma rseille, France 1994 Managing the Autonomous University

Stockholm, Sweden-Turku, 1993 Staffing Issues in Higher Education Finland

Washington, DC, USA 1992 Funding in Higher Education

Edinburgh, UK 1991 Buffer Institutions in Higher Education

7 Maastricht, The Netherlands1990 Multiversity vs Specialized University

Trier, Germany 1989 University Leadership

Ankara, Turkey 1988 University Governance-II

Ankara, Turkey 1981 University Governance-I

Steering Committee Members Ihsan Dogramaci, founder of I.C.H.E. 1915-2010

Gerhard Michael Ambrosi Trier, Germany Andris Barblan Bologna, Italy Ignaz Bender, President Trier, Germany Phyllis L. Erdogan, Secretary General Ankara, Turkey Saran Kaur Gill Bang i, Malaysia Haohao Li Shanghai, P.R. of China Andrzej Sokolowski Cracow, Poland Ludvik Toplak Maribor, Slovenia Piet Veugelers Maastricht, Netherlands Henry Wasser New York, USA

8 City of Trier

Trier is the oldest city of Germany, founded 16 BC. It was one of the four capitals in the Roman Empire. 80.000 people lived in the city. Several emperors go- verned in Trier. Most known is emperor Constantine who later founded Constantinople, today Istanbul. Many buildings in Trier testify the Roman heritage (Porta Nigra, Basilika, Roman Thermes, Roman Bridge etc.).

In the Middle Ages the Archbishop of Trier was an important ecclesiastical Prince. He was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1473 the university of Trier was founded. During the French Revolution Trier became for twenty years part of France. The Uni- versity was closed. In the 19th century Trier passed to the Kingdom of Prussia. Since the end of World War II Trier is part of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate in the Federal Republic of Germany. Trier celebrated in the year 1984 its 2000th anniversary.

Trier, situated on the banks of the river Mosel, has today 105.000 inhabitants. The university was reope- ned in 1970. In the city including other institutions of higher education live 18.000 students.

Trier is the centre of the Mosel wine production, a shopping centre for about 700.000 people from the neighbourhoud including nearby Luxemburg. Trier at- tracts because of its historical buildings millions of tourists every year. Many visitors, especially Chinese visitors, want to see the house where Karl Marx was born in 1818.

9 University of Trier

The University of Trier celebrates this year its 40th anniversary. Trier, for an interim of 172 years, was without a university. During the French Revolution and the occupation of the Rhineland the French authorities closed in 1798 the old in 1473 founded university of Trier together with the universities of Cologne, Mainz and Bonn.

40 years ago, in the year 1970, the university was reo- pened. The university of today has 14.600 students. 56 percent of the students are female, 44 percent male. 15 percent come from more than 90 foreign countries. Many foreign students come from China.

The University has six faculties (Fachbereiche). The fields of studies are: I–Pedagogy, Philosophy, Psychology (2300 students) II – Linguistics, Literature (10 languages), Media (2700 students) III – Egyptology, Papyrology, History, Archeology, Hi- story of Art, Political Science (1700 students) IV – Economics, Sociology, Business Management, Mathematics, Computer Science (3300 students) V – Law (1800 students) VI – Geography, Geosciences (1600 students)

The university with its over 50 research centres is fun- ded by grants from government and foundations.

The today university is situated 4 km outside the city centre on top of the Tarforst heights. As the university was built during the last 35 years the buildings have a modern design and modern equipment. The library – a continuum on the same floor through all buildings – has 1.6 million books including media and 5000 pe- riodicals.

10 Conference Programme

Thursday, August 26, 2010,

14.00 h Steering Committee Meeting, Room Maximin, Hotel Römischer Kaiser

15.30 h Walk to the Palace of the Electoral Prince; meeting point: Lobby of Altstadthotel

17.00 h OPENING SESSION Festive Hall of the Palace of the Electoral Prince

G Welcome of the President of the University of Trier, Prof. Dr. Peter Schwenkmezger

G Memento of the founder of ICHE, Prof. Dr. Ihsan Dogramaci (1915- 2010) Dr. Phyllis Erdogan, Ankara, Gene ral Secretary of ICHE

G Welcome and opening remarks: Chancellor em. Ignaz Bender, Pre- sident of ICHE

Keynote Address: Prof. Dr. Üstün Ergüder, former Rector of Bogaziçi University Istanbul, President of the Council of Magna Charta Univer- sitatum, located in Bologna „University Integrity with respect to Aca- demic Freedom and Institutional Autonomy“

18.30 h Reception offered by the President of the University of Trier

19.30 h Candle Light Dinner, Roman Room, Altstadt-Hot el

Friday, August 27, 2010, Roman Room, Altstadthotel

9.30 h Keynote Address: Prof. Dr. Nachum Finger, member of the Israel Council of Higher Education, Rector em. of Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel „Integrity in Higher Education: Quality Improvement versus Ranking Improvement“

10.30 h Coffee Break

11 11.00 h Keynote Address: Antje Bultman, Science Journalist, München/Wolfrats- hausen, co-author of „Käufliche Wissenschaft“ (Science for Sale) „Science for Sale – how universities give up their values“

12.00 h Contributed Paper Session

G Prof. Dr Andrei Marga, Rektor of Babes-Bolyei University Cluj-No- boca / Romania „University Values, Integrity and Governance“

G Prof. Dr. Michael Daxner, Senior Research Fellow of Free University of Berlin, former President of the University of Oldenburg „Higher Education in Crisis Areas – How to overcome Pressure ans Disaster"

13.00 h Lunch

14.30 h Keynote Address: Prof. Dr. Erich Barke, President of Leibniz-University Hannover „Degree Sale in Higher Education“

15.30 h Coffee Break

16.00 h Transfer to University (starting point Altstadthotel)

16.20 h University campus tour (starting point Auditorium Maximum)

17.00 h Contributed paper session, Seminarroom C 22 of the University

G Dr. Abdullah Al Masum, University Sains Malaysia, Post Doctoral Fel- low in Bangladesh, Environmental Education in Bangladesh"

G Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Mosgöller, Vienna, University of Medicine „Graphical Protocols improve Internal Objectivity“

18.15 h Hall Nr. 6, C-Building of the University Keynote Address: Dr. Natalia Lebedeva, Senior Researcher, Institute of Universal History (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow „Katyn massacre: the way to the truth“

19.30 h Dinner, Gue stroom of University

12 Saturday, August 28, 2010, Roman Room, Altstadthotel

9.30 h Keynote Address: Professor Dr. Haohao Li, Technical University Shang- hai, Xiaoqing He and Shuai Wang, „Academic Anticorruption in Chinas’ Universities“

10.30 h Coffee Break

11.00 h Contributed Paper session

G Francess Loverly-Bongay, University of Sierra Leone, Institute of Continuing Education, Freetown „Restructuring Tertiary Education in Sierra Leone - A critique of the University Act of 2005“

G Dr. Imdad Ullah, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan „Factors responsible for Research Productivity at University Level“

G Prof. Edward O. Ako, University of Maroua, Cameroon „Economic Malaise and Academic Integrity; the Cameroon Experi- ence“

12.30 h Closing Session

13.00 h Lunch – End of Conference –

Altstadthotel Trier

13 Prof. Dr. Üstün Ergüder President of the Council of Magna Charta Observatory

Professor Üstün Ergüder, currently Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Sabanci University, received his undergraduate degree (BA Admin.) from Manchester University in England. He undertook his graduate studies at The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University (New York, USA), received his Ph.D. degree in Political Science in 1970 and joined the academic staff of Bogaziçi University. He has also been at the University of Michigan as a „Re- search Scholar“ and taught at Syracuse University as well as the State University of New York, Binghamton, when on leave from Bogaziçi University. Between August 1992 and August 2000, he served as the Rector of Bogaziçi University.

Dr. Ergüder is the President of the Council of Magna Charta Observatory of Academic Freedom and Institutional Autonomy located in Bologna, Italy, sits on the Governing Board of the European Foundation Center, and is a member of the Board Trustees of Ozyegin University.

Abstract

University Integrity with respect to Academic Freedom and Institutional Autonomy

This presentation traces historically the importance of the values of academic freedom and institutional autonomy for universities. It argues that these are the values that make universities distinct as higher education institutions. The speech will then concent rate on contemporary threats to these values. It will further discuss contra- dictions between these values themselves: academic freedom versus institutional autonomy and implications for the governance of universities. It will be stressed that the preservation and the defense of the integrity of the „university“ is critically re- lated to institutionalizing respect for these values. The final attempt of the speech will be to share with the audience ideas on how tomake these values operational, in these times of change, both at the national and international levels.

14 Prof. Dr. Nachum Finger Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Council for Higher Education, Israel

Nachum Finger is the Deputy Chair of the Israeli Coun- cil for Higher Education, and chairs its sub-committee for quality assessment. As a professor of Business and Industrial Manage- ment at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, he served as Department Chair of Industrial Engineering and Ma- nagement (1975–76, 1978–84), Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences (1989–94), and Rector of Ben- Gurion University (1994–2002). Professor Finger holds B.Sc., M.Sc., and Eng.Sc.D. degrees in Industrial Enginee- ring and Management, as well as M.Phil. and Ed.D. degrees in Higher and Adult Education from Columbia University. His research interests include the influence of government incentives on industrial management, productivity in industry and services, quality improvement methods, and technology and engineering education.

Abstract

Integrity in Higher Education: Quality Improvement versus Ranking Improvement

Accreditation of academic institutions and programs has existed for many years. More recently, institutions of higher education have begun using various forms of quality evaluation and assessment to ensure / control quality. In many cases, this was in response to demands by stakeholders in higher education for accountability and transparency. A major goal of periodic and systematic quality evaluation is to develop a culture of continuous quality improvement. To achieve this, it is necessary for the evaluated unit to conduct an honest and critical self-evaluation. However, the demand for quality evaluation is frequently accompanied by a request for quality rankings, and the introduction of rankings may jeopardize the integrity of the self-evaluation process. This presentation discusses some of the pros and cons of rankings in higher education and their impact on the evaluation of academic quality. Specific illustrations are based on the Israeli case.

15 Antje Bultmann Science journalist

Antje Bultmann is born 1941 in Rodenkirchen, Ger- many. She studied Psychology, Education, Psychiatry, Sociology i.a. at the University Heidelberg, later at the Academy of Arts, Stuttgart. She is a free lance science-journalist publishing ar- ticles and books about bought science and whistle- blowers. She interviewed famous personalities like Peter Ustinov, Jane Goodal, K.F.v. Weizsäcker, José Lut- zenberger, Karlheinz Böhm, Alexander Nikitin, Carl Amery. As a Managing Director of the Ethic Protection Initiative of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Re- sponsibility she organized 2003 an international Congress about Whistleblowing at Starnberger See. 2006 she got the Rupert Riedl Award of the town Vienna/Austria for her journalistic work and engagement on the topic: ,World Transition, Whistle- blowing and Civil Courage‘, a Contribution for an EOLSS UNESCO encyclopedia. Since 2009 she is Member of the Managing Board of Solbach-Freise Award for Civil Courage. Today she is living south of Munich.

Abstract

Sciene is not always free today. Parts of universities are paid by industry. Industry expects friendly results which do not trouble their economic ambitions. Science for Sale. Scientists who disagree, who are not „obedient“, lose support, may suddenly have problems or finally lose their job. As example the case of the Medical University in Vienna (Austria) is presented. Two studies proving damage caused by genetic material were denounced as falsifications. A powerful lobby at- tacked the results as inconvenient. The reputation of the study leader was damaged publicly. It ended that there was no falsification but a big intrigue. Nevertheless 90 percent of the media did not ask for the truth. The complex problems of our planet need scientists who carefully handle the delicate interaction between nature and the electrical, physiological and magnetic processes of life.

16 Prof. Dr. Erich Barke President of Leibniz University Hannover

Erich Barke, born 1946, studied Electrical Engineering at Leibniz Universität Hannover. He received his Dipl.- Ing. in 1973 and his PhD in 1978 respectively. He con- tinued his academic career in the field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and was appointed Profes- sor in 1983. 1985 he changed to industry and took over the responsibility for all EDA activities of Siemens Semiconductor Division as a Senior Executive. In 1992 he returned to academia as a Professor and Chair for Microelectronic Systems at Leibniz Universität Hanno- ver. He is a co-founder and member of the management board of edacentrum e.V. since 2000. From 2001 till 2004 he was the Founding Dean of the Department of Computer Science. In 2005 he was elected as President of his university. Erich Barke authored and co-authored more than 150 publications. He worked as a reviewer for many funding organizations aswe ll as for many international conferences, where he also served as a session chair and conference chairman. He has also been an advisor for different international companies like Siemens, Infineon, Bosch and Cadence Design Systems and is also an advisory board member for other institutions and firms. Erich Barke is a regular Member of the Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Ge- sellschaft and holds a honorary doctorate from Polytechnical State University St. Petersb urg.

Abstract

„Get your degree in 30 days!“ – „No studying required!“ – „Turn your experience into a degree!“ Such rallying cries can be found as advertising efforts from dubious institutions offering absurd higher education degrees such as a „Doctor of Immorta- lity“ or a „Doctor of Motivation“. Are titles for sale? Are there legal ways to obtain a regular title without working hard? The talk will address the various aspects of these interesting questions. After reasoning about the attractiveness of higher education degrees, it first tries to cover the legal background of granting a degree, be- fore the different practices are described. These include the so-called degree mills, ghostwriting, the „franchise model“ and conciliation agencies. Some remarks about the special experience of Leibniz Universität Hannover will be made. The talk con- cludes with some ideas what kind of measures can be taken to defeat the demon- strated machina tions.

17 Dr. Natalia Lebedeva Institute of Universal History of Russian Academy of Sciences

Lebedeva Natalia, in 1962 graduated from Moscow State Institute of History and Archives. In the same year began working in the Institute of History of Aca- demy of Sciences of the USSR, renamed in 1968 in the Institute of Universal History. In 1971 defended PhD dissertation. In 1996 received title of Dr. habil in Pol- and. Nowdays – leading research employee in the Institute of Universal History of Russian Academy of Sciences, head of Centre of documentary publications on history in XXth century. Author of monographs: „Preparation of Nuremberg Process“ (Moscow, 1975), „Unconditional Surrender of aggressors“ (Moscow, 1989), „Katyn: crime against hu- manity“ (Moscow, 1994), „Il Komintern e la seconda guerra mondiale“ (Perugia, 1996, in co-authorship with M.M. Narinsky). Editor and compiler of more than 20 published volumes of archival documents dealing with history of Katyn crime, Nuremberg Process, Communist International, relations of the USSR and Lithuania in 1939–1940. Awarded with two Polish Commander: Officer Cross and Commandor Cross.

Abstract

Katyn massacre – the way to the truth

The presentation is devoted to search the truth about one of the most monstrous crimes of Stalinist regime – shooting of 21.857 Polish officers, policemen and prisoners of jails of West Ukraine and West Byelorussia. It both presents and highlights the main data about this crime and steps leading to discover large-scale complexes of archival documents, connected with the fate of polish Prisoners of War from Ko- zelsk, Starobelsk and Ostashkov camps and also prisoners of jails. The author tells about sinuosities, accompanying the publication of article by N.S. Lebedeva in a newspaper «Moscow news» on 25th March 1990, about the cir- cumstances of giving the letter of Beria to Stalin and the decision of Politburo CK VKP(b) from 5th March 1940 to Polish authorities, and also about investigation of Katyn Case by the Chief Military Prosecution Office of Russian Federation.

18 Prof. Dr. Haohao Li University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

Prof. Dr. Haohao Li was born in Nov. 1946, in Shanghai, China. He received his college education at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and completed his B.Sc. degree there in 1969. His M.Sc. degree was received in 1981 from the Peking Normal University in Beijing, China. He went to Germany in 1986 and entered the University of Trier. There he received his Ph. D. degree in 1989. 1981–1999 he worked at the China’s Ocean University in Tsingtao, where he became a Professor in 1995 and Vice Dean at the College of Economics and Trade in 1997. Since 1999 he was Professor of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, and Dean of the Business School (1999–2006), Dean of the Shanghai College of International Education (2006–2009). H. Li is a member of Steering Committee of ICHE, Vice Director of Chinese Society of Business Administration, and a member of Council of ChineseJourna l of Manage- ment Science, etc.

Abstract Academic Anticorruption in China’s Universities

In recent years, academic misconduct and academic dishonesty has spread within China’s universities. Furthermore, academic misconduct and academic dishonesty in China frequently involve interactions between power, money and academia. There- fore, people are inclined to call these problems „academic corruption“. Reports on academic corruption are often found in newsp apers. Academic corruption presents itself in four ways: 1. Falsifying, plagiarizing academic achievements of others, practicing fraud and forging experimental results and data in the research. 2. Striving for reputation, exaggerating his academic achievements and experience, using the power to get a degree which is unworthy of the name or title, etc. 3. Academic journals charge high page fees by making use of scholars’ mentality of rushing to publish papers. 4. Universities or research institutions deliberately cover up the academic scandal and academic corruption, etc. Academic corruption had caused serious harms. Firstly, academic corruption leads to distortions and inefficiencies for the social allocation of resources. Secondly, academic corruption ruined the academic atmosphere of China’s universities. Fi- nally, academic corruption in China contributes to incredibility all over the world.

19 Prof. Dr. Andrei Marga Rector of Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract „University Values, Integrity and Governance“

Higher education and its place in the system of values in society is gaining new attention. Issues like academic freedom, institutional autonomy, promotion of truth, social responsibility, integrity and creativity have been used in the public debate on universities. Universities promote and incorporate values. They are asked toint e- grate their wisdom and experiences in the functioning of societies and to explore better alternatives. An institution dedicated to formation, scientific research, community services and the promotion of rational solutions can not exist without values. Integrity has to be respected inside and outside the university. The presentation at- tempts to look on the crucial problems facing universities in this context and provide proposals for better university governa nce and policy consequences.

Prof. Dr. Michael Daxner Senior Research Fellow of Free University Berlin, former President of the University of Oldenburg and Magna Charta Observatory

Abstract „Higher Education in Crisis Areas – How to overcome Pressure and Disaster“

Higher Education during war in Crisis Areas like Kosovo or Afghanistan is characterised by damaged buildings, closed universities, killed or disappeared scholars and students. The post-war reconstruction of the higher education system needs support from abroad and an out burst of passion from inside the country. In Kosovo where 33 percent of the 2 million population are under 16 years reconstruction of the primary and secondary school system was predominant. In Afhganistan with a population of 27 million inhabitants a passionate and openminded Higher Education Minister did much to improve the situation of the public and private universities. He acted during the „Golden Hour“ until 2005 and encouraged local and foreign experts to assist in urgent drafting of legislation. But President Karzai refused to sign the law, dismissed the liberal minister and replaced him by a conservative who returned to prewar legislation. The just started Rectors Conference was stopped, student participation and freely elected rectors had no more a chance. The international help for Crisis Areas must insist and favour a modern school and university system free from pressure and disaster.

20 Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Masum, Post Doctoral Fellow School of Humanities, University Sains Malaysia

Abstract Environmental Education in Bangladesh with special reference to higher studies

Environmental education is the most discussed subject in the present time. It be- comes the central issue not only for Bangladesh context as well as in the international debate in the early part of twenty first century. The land, water, air, sea, ocean, hill, mountain, roads, transport, industry and its sound, human, animals, insects, trees etc. consisting of whole environment. The development & survival of human fully depend on the peaceful and balanced coexistence of the environment. But most regretfully, the human society is destroying the equilibrium of nature by changing and mishandling the mineral resources. As a result the human society is facing the natural disasters with certain intervals. Bangladesh faces the constant challenges of rampant poverty, high population den- sity, and increasing population rate. Poor people are arsenic contaminated and urban people are mostly exposed to the polluted air, recurring natural disasters and a dwindling natural resource base. It is one of the poorest countries of the develo- ping world, with a low resource base, a very low land-man ratio, and is threatened by both natural hazards and overexploitation.

21 Francess Loverley-Bongay, Sierra Leone Institute for Continuing Education & Consultancy Services, Freetown

Abstract

„Restructuring Tertiary Education in Sierra Leone – a critique of the University Act of 2005“

The presentation examines the University Act 2005 and reveals how university integrity has been violated by various sections of the Act and the implications for university values and autonomy. According to the Act Njala University College, earlier a partof the University of Sierra Leone, has been separated with its disciplines. It is now an autonomous university. Both institutions have fewer disciplines and do not more represent the broad variety and interdisciplinarity of a university. They seem to be specialized institions of higher education. Another section: obsolete courses are withdrawn to give way to more recent courses that reflect present needs. Contradiction: universities – this is a value – offer more than courses for present needs.

Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Mosgöller Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Cancer Research

Abstract

Research integrity with graphical protocols

In research projects, especially interdisciplinarey projects, creative and administrative oriented people of various disciplines work together. It needs to combine the „sense of possibilities“ with the „sense of reality“. Creativity must be connected with the possibilities of infrastructures and structured procedures. But research under the aspect of utilization or practicability may influence results. To avoid manipulations and corruption of academics which undermine the project’s integrity it is helpful to exactly note the contrasting viewpoints in protocols. A certain type of protocoll pro- vides a more objective tool to face and deal with manipulations. The graphical protocol notes exactly the views and „language“ of the „creative“ and „organized“ persons. Graphical protocol in the hand of a project leader can easily be communi- cated and reviewed. They increase the efficacy of work from the first team meeting. The presentation will outline strategies to enable efficient und accountable interdis- ciplinary research projects.

22 Prof. Edward O. Ako, Cameroon Rector of the University of Maroua

Abstract

Economic Malaise and Academic Integrity: the Cameroon Experience

In certain regions of Africa professors only can dream of university integrity. Because of economic malaise the government of Cameroon decreased salaries for professors by 63 percent. Many emigrated to Europe or North America. Those who remained could no longer run their car or pay their rent and give their children a good education. Many took a heavier teaching load or charged private tuition. Others gave courses in neighbour state institutions neglecting teaching responsability where they had a permanent postion. These „taxi-cab-professors“ were everywhere and nowhere. Some sold better examination marks and the phenonemon of sexually transmitted marks widened. If a professor has no money for a taxi cab and has to walk to university under the hot sun integrity as a value has no place in his mind. The presentation will propose ways to reverse this trend and ensure that university professors regain their respected position and integrity.

23 How to travel to Trier

By plane

The nearest international airport to Trier is Luxemburg, 40 km to the southwest. Luxemburg airport has direct flights from Zurich, Vienna, Amsterdam, Paris (Charles de Gaulle), London, Copenhagen, Berlin and Prague.

Air transfer from Frankfurt airport to Luxemburg (200 km) is expensive; if you arrive in Frankfurt, it is recommended to take the train from Frankfurt airport (Fernbahnhof) via Koblenz to Trier. Most trains from Frankfurt in the direction of Cologne require a change in Koblenz to catch the train to Trier-Luxemburg on platform 9.

Airport Frankfurt/Hahn 80 km distance from Trier has no railway connection to Trier, busses only about all 2 hours.

By train

Trains leave hourly from Trier to Saarbruecken, Koblenz and Cologne. Timetables and ticket information can be found in the internet under www.db/site/bahn/en/start/html. The main station (Hauptbahnhof) in Trier is seven minutes by foot from the hotel. Taxis wait in front of the main station.

By car

Trier is connected by motorways to Luxemburg, Koblenz, Cologne, Saarbruecken, Kaiserslautern. The Altstadthotel is situated in the inner city, Porta Nigra Place.

Important telephone numbers:

G Emergency doctor, firebrigade Tel. 112

G next Hospital · Barmherzige Brüder Krankenhaus Tel. 208-0; Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Tel. 2092-0

G Altstadthotel / conference centre Tel. 9770-200

24 25 Innercity of Trier with pedestrian area (in blue) Porta Nigra and Altstadthotel near „I-Point“

Special notice: ICHE webpage with Registration Form to see under „www.intconfhighered.org“ ICHE General Sectretary: Dr. Phyllis Erdogan, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

26 City of Trier with University

Impressum

Responsible editor: Ignaz Bender, Chancellor em. of the University of Trier Editing team: Ignaz Bender, Alexandra Moos, Prof. Wonnefried Kolar Typesetting and printing: Alexandra Moos Printing center of the University of Trier

27 Sponsors of the conference

Ihsan Dogramaci Foundation