Fact Sheet on Elections and Membership
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Mauritius's Constitution of 1968 with Amendments Through 2016
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:39 constituteproject.org Mauritius's Constitution of 1968 with Amendments through 2016 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:39 Table of contents CHAPTER I: THE STATE AND THE CONSTITUTION . 7 1. The State . 7 2. Constitution is supreme law . 7 CHAPTER II: PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF THE INDIVIDUAL . 7 3. Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual . 7 4. Protection of right to life . 7 5. Protection of right to personal liberty . 8 6. Protection from slavery and forced labour . 10 7. Protection from inhuman treatment . 11 8. Protection from deprivation of property . 11 9. Protection for privacy of home and other property . 14 10. Provisions to secure protection of law . 15 11. Protection of freedom of conscience . 17 12. Protection of freedom of expression . 17 13. Protection of freedom of assembly and association . 18 14. Protection of freedom to establish schools . 18 15. Protection of freedom of movement . 19 16. Protection from discrimination . 20 17. Enforcement of protective provisions . 21 17A. Payment or retiring allowances to Members . 22 18. Derogations from fundamental rights and freedoms under emergency powers . 22 19. Interpretation and savings . 23 CHAPTER III: CITIZENSHIP . 25 20. Persons who became citizens on 12 March 1968 . 25 21. Persons entitled to be registered as citizens . 25 22. Persons born in Mauritius after 11 March 1968 . 26 23. Persons born outside Mauritius after 11 March 1968 . -
Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COLONIALISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA Leander Heldring James A. Robinson Working Paper 18566 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18566 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2012 We are grateful to Jan Vansina for his suggestions and advice. We have also benefitted greatly from many discussions with Daron Acemoglu, Robert Bates, Philip Osafo-Kwaako, Jon Weigel and Neil Parsons on the topic of this research. Finally, we thank Johannes Fedderke, Ewout Frankema and Pim de Zwart for generously providing us with their data. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2012 by Leander Heldring and James A. Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa Leander Heldring and James A. Robinson NBER Working Paper No. 18566 November 2012 JEL No. N37,N47,O55 ABSTRACT In this paper we evaluate the impact of colonialism on development in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the world context, colonialism had very heterogeneous effects, operating through many mechanisms, sometimes encouraging development sometimes retarding it. In the African case, however, this heterogeneity is muted, making an assessment of the average effect more interesting. -
Migrated Archives): Ceylon
Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Despatches and registers of despatches sent to, and received from, the Colonial Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Secretary established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that FCO 141/2180-2186, 2192-2245, 2248-2249, 2260, 2264-2273: the entire island came under British control. In Open, confidential and secret despatches covering a variety of topics including the acts and ordinances, 1948, Ceylon became a self-governing state and a the economy, agriculture and produce, lands and buildings, imports and exports, civil aviation, railways, member of the British Commonwealth, and in 1972 banks and prisons. Despatches regarding civil servants include memorials, pensions, recruitment, dismissals it became the independent republic under the name and suggestions for New Year’s honours. 1872-1948, with gaps. The years 1897-1903 and 1906 have been of Sri Lanka. release in previous tranches. Below is a selection of files grouped according to Telegrams and registers of telegrams sent to and received from the Colonial Secretary theme to assist research. This list should be used in conjunction with the full catalogue list as not all are FCO 141/2187-2191, 2246-2247, 2250-2263, 2274-2275 : included here. The files cover the period between Open, confidential and secret telegrams on topics such as imports and exports, defence costs and 1872 and 1948 and include a substantial number of regulations, taxation and the economy, the armed forces, railways, prisons and civil servants 1899-1948. -
Country Coding Units
INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) . -
The Senegambia Confederation In
Aka: The Continued Search for Appropriate Structures for Governance an AkaCameraReady final (Do Not Delete) 7/5/2017 10:05 AM CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL VOLUME 47 SPRING 2017 NUMBER 2 THE CONTINUED SEARCH FOR APPROPRIATE STRUCTURES FOR GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE SENEGAMBIA CONFEDERATION IN HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE PHILIP C. AKA*† * Professor of Political Science, Chicago State University; Adjunct Professor of Law, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law—Indianapolis; Member of the Illinois Bar; former Vice Chair, ABA Committee on International Human Rights; and Corresponding Editor, International Legal Materials (ILM); S.J.D., IU Robert H. McKinney School of Law—Indianapolis; Ph.D., Howard University; LL.M. (summa cum laude), IU Robert H. McKinney School of Law— Indianapolis; J.D., Temple University Beasley School of Law; M.A., University of North Texas; B.A. (magna cum laude), Edinboro University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Aka has written extensively on issues related to minority populations in Africa and the United States, including human rights. His recent publications germane to these topics include HUMAN RIGHTS IN NIGERIA’S EXTERNAL RELATIONS: BUILDING THE RECORD OF MORAL SUPERPOWER (Lexington Books, 2017), and Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Humanitarian Action: Eight Steps to Humanitarian Wellness in Nigeria, 24 WILLAMETTE JOURNAL OF INT’L LAW & DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1 (Fall 2016). † This Article evolved from a contribution to a festschrift for Professor Sulayman S. Nyang on his retirement following a distinguished academic career at 109 Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 2017 1 California Western International Law Journal, Vol. -
From King's African Rifles to Kenya Rifles
From King’s African Rifles to Kenya Rifles: The Decolonization and Transition of an African Army, 1960-1970 Christian A. Harrison Department of History Honors Thesis University of Colorado at Boulder Defended April 5, 2016 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Myles Osborne, Department of History Defense Committee: Dr. Mithi Mukherjee, Department of History Dr. Mara Goldman, Department of Geography 1 Introduction: At midnight on the 12th of December 1963, the Union Jack was lowered for the last time at a moving ceremony at Independence Arena in Nairobi, Kenya. Immediately after, to the sound of cheering and jubilation, a green banner emblazoned with spears and shield was raised: the national independent flag of Kenya. For the first time in nearly seventy years, political power, in what had been known as the Kenya Colony, belonged to indigenous African people. In conjunction with the flag raising ceremony, two separated and differently uniformed detachments of African soldiers paraded in front of the packed stadium. One group wore the red fezzes and short sleeveless zouve jackets of the King’s African Rifles. The other, the dark green peaked hats and tunic uniforms of the newly formed Kenya Rifles.1 But this was only for show. Legally, there was no difference between the two groups. With Kenya’s independence; the 3rd, 5th, and 11th Battalions of the King’s African Rifles were handed over to the Government of Kenya and became the 3rd, 5th, and 11th Battalions of the Kenya Rifles. In the ceremony a contingent of Kenya Rifles, dressed in the old uniforms of the KAR, symbolically handed over the regimental standards and emblems to their differently uniformed comrades.2 In what was a confusing time for the rank and file (and also many of the officers), this was meant to confirm for the soldiers, civilians, and government officials of Kenya that the allegiance of the army had indeed now changed, but that its pride, competence, and esteem had not. -
The Peace Corps in Africa Promoting World Peace and Friendship
The Peace Corps in Africa Promoting world peace and friendship • Since 1961, nearly 72,000 Americans have served as Peace Corps Volunteers in 47 African nations. Today, Peace Corps has programs in 29 African host nations. • The Africa programs currently account for 41 percent of all Peace Corps Volunteers serving in 77 countries world- wide. Nearly 3,300 Volunteers presently work in partner- ship with host government ministries, nongovernmental organizations, and local communities on sustainable development and capacity-building initiatives. • Peace Corps Volunteers in Africa work in a wide range of areas and sectors, including: – Agriculture (food security, crop science, agribusiness, fisheries) – Education (primary, secondary, vocational, and teacher training) – Girl’s Education and Empowerment – Health (maternal and early childhood, community and public, water and sanitation, systems strengthening, and health education) – Natural Resource Management (forestry and national parks preservation; environmental education) – Small Enterprise Development (from village savings and loan projects to business advising and organizational development) • Ghana was the first country in the world to welcome Peace Corps. The first group of Volunteers arrived in • Regardless of primary job responsibility, Volunteers serv- Ghana on August 30, 1961. More than 4,500 Americans ing in countries impacted by HIV/AIDS will also likely be have successfully served as Peace Corps Volunteers in involved in support efforts related to the pandemic. Ghana since 1961. As Peace Corps approaches its 50th anniversary, its service legacy continues to promote peace and friendship around the world with 7,671 volunteers serving in 77 host countries. Historically, nearly 200,000 Americans have served with the Peace Corps to promote a better under- standing between Americans and the people of 139 host countries. -
Antigua Australia Bahamas Barbados Bermuda Belize Canada (Except
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS BY COUNTRIES Proof of English Proficiency IS NOT REQUIRED of applicants from the following countries: Antigua Belize Grenada Irish Northern Ireland Tobago Australia Canada (Except the Republic Scotland Wales Bahamas province of Quebec) Jamaica St. Kitts Zimbabwe Barbados Cayman Islands Nevis St. Vincent Bermuda Great Britain New Zealand Trinidad Proof of English Proficiency IS REQUIRED of applicants from the following countries: Afghanistan Costa Rica Iraq Morocco Slovenia Albania Cote d'Ivoire Israel Mozambique Solomon Islands Algeria Croatia Italy Myanmar, {Burma} Somalia Andorra Cuba Ivory Coast Namibia South Africa Angola Curacao Japan Nauru South Sudan Argentina Cyprus Jordan Nepal Spain Armenia Czech Republic Kazakhstan Netherlands Sri Lanka Aruba Denmark Kenya Nicaragua Sudan Austria Djibouti Kiribati Niger Suriname Azerbaijan Dominica Korea, North Nigeria Swaziland Bahamas Dominican Republic Korea, South Norway Sweden Bahrain East Timor Kosovo Oman Switzerland Bangladesh Ecuador Kuwait Pakistan Syria Belarus Egypt Kyrgyzstan Palau Tonga Belgium El Salvador Laos Panama Taiwan Benin Equatorial Guinea Latvia Papua New Guinea Tajikistan Bhutan Eritrea Lebanon Paraguay Tanzania Bolivia Estonia Lesotho Peru Thailand Bosnia & Ethiopia Liberia Philippines Togo Herzegovina Fiji Libya Poland Tonga Botswana Finland Liechtenstein Portugal Tunisia Brazil France Lithuania Puerto Rico Turkey Brunei Gabon Luxembourg Qatar Turkmenistan Bulgaria Gambia Macedonia Romania Tuvalu Burkina Faso Georgia Madagascar Russia -
Citizenship Act
UNHCR | Refworld | Citizenship Act http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,MWI,,3a... Citizenship Act Date of entry into force: 1966 This legislation includes amendments up to and including: 1972 An Act to repeal and replace the Malawi Citizenship Act, 1964, so as to make provision, consequent upon the enactment of a Republican form of' Constitution in Malawi, for the acquisition of citizenship of Malawi by birth or descent, or by registration in certain cases; to regulate the manner and circumstances in which aliens may be naturalized as citizens of Malawi and in which citizens of Malawi may renounce or be deprived of their citizenship; and to make provision for certain other matters relating tocitizenship of Malawi and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith Part I - PRELIMINARY 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Malawi Citizenship Act. 2. Interpretation (1)In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires - "alien" means a person who is not a Commonwealth citizen, "British protected person" means a person who is a British protected person for the purpose of the British Nationality Act, 1948, of the United Kingdom; "certificate of naturalization" means a certificate of naturalization granted under this Act; "Commonwealth country" means Malawi, any other country for the time being included in the First Schedule, and any colony, protectorate, trust territory, or other dependency of any such country; "foreign country" means any country that is not a Commonwealth country; "Malawi consulate" means an office of a diplomatic or consular officer of the Government of Malawi where a register of births or residents is kept or, where there is no such office, such office as may be prescribed; "minor" means a person who has not attained the age of twenty-one years; "person of African race" means a person who is a member of one of the indigenous peoples of Africa south of the Sahara; "oath of allegiance" means the oath prescribed in the Second Schedule. -
Malawi and the Politics of Foreign Aid By
1 Malawi And The Politics of Foreign Aid By: Lemson Samson Chitsamba Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. The London School of Economics And Political Science: University of London, 1990 UMI Number: U044681 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U044681 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 71 F 67&5 x<2u3>2ca33 2 Abstract Malawi's behaviour in international relations has been interpreted largely in terms of the country's economic needs. The conventional argument has been that the country's foreign and domestic policies were adopted for reasons of making the country attractive to donor countries and organizations. This argument is so prevalent that it is even reflected in the titles of some books and articles on Malawi's post-independence political and economic history. For example/ a pamphlet kept by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) Library is titled: "Malawi: Foreign Policy and Development". This thesis proceeds on the premise that foreign aid has not been the main objective of Malawi foreign and domestic policies. -
From the 1964 Cabinet Crisis1 to the 2014 Cabinet in Malawi
Dr. Q. Jere Postdoctoral Research FROM THE 1964 Fellow, Faculty of 1 Theology, North- CABINET CRISIS TO West University, Potchefstroom. THE 2014 CABINET E-mail: pjereqekooh@ IN MALAWI: AN gmail.com DOI: http://dx.doi. ASSESSMENT OF THE org/10.18820/23099089/ actat.v38i2.6 CHURCH’S PUBLIC ISSN 1015-8758 (Print) ROLE WITHIN A ISSN 2309-9089 (Online) Acta Theologica 2018 CONTEXT-CHANGING 38(2):87-104 CHURCH2 AND STATE RELATIONS ABSTRACT There is always a reason behind a paradigm shift that takes place in society. The Presbyterian Church (CCAP) in Malawi is one of the religious institutions that played a critical role in the nation’s liberation and fight for independence. Seven weeks into independence a cabinet crisis occured where some ministers were dismissed, while others resigned in support of their fired colleagues. Ironically, the Church kept a low profile and did hardly anything to intervene. This article assesses how, in 1964, the cabinet crisis impacted on the role of the Church and argues that political conflicts influence relations between the Church and the State. Furthermore, the article contributes to the current 1 The 1964 cabinet crisis in Malawi occurred seven weeks into independence, when prominent cabinet ministers rebelled against Dr Banda’s dictatorial policy and poor governance in the country. 2 In this article, the Church refers to the two Malawian Scottish Presbyterian Synods of Livingstonia and Blantyre. 87 Jere From the 1964 cabinet crisis to the 2014 cabinet debate on Church and State relations through the lenses of Calvin’s Church and State and the 1964 cabinet crisis. -
Care of Collections from Colonial Contexts IMPRINT
Guidelines for German Museums Care of Collections from Colonial Contexts IMPRINT Guidelines for German Museums Care of Collections from Colonial Contexts 3rd Edition 2021 Publisher: German Museums Association Text: see “Contributors” English Translation: TechniText Translations Editing (English Edition): TechniText Translations Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Design: MATTHIES WEBER & SCHNEGG, Berlin Print: medialis Offsetdruck GmbH Cover photo: Provenance researcher Ndzodo Awono with a leopard figurine from Cameroon, Übersee-Museum Bremen Photograph: Volker Beinhorn The content of these Guidelines has been revised and these Guidelines thus replace all previous editions. The Guidelines are also published in German and French. Funded by © German Museums Association, Berlin, February 2021 ISBN 978-3-9819866-6-2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY These Guidelines are a practical aid for all German museums on the care of col- lections from colonial contexts. They additionally provide an information base for international professional colleagues, political decision makers, as well as represen- tatives of post-colonial initiatives and diaspora communities. The Guidelines do not represent a position paper or legally binding instructions, however. The Guidelines enhance sensitivity Those in positions of responsibility at the museum should be aware that most of the items in their collections were not created or produced as a ‘museum exhibit’. They are a testimony of different cultures, with their own significances anchored in their communities of origin. In colonial contexts, the acquisition or creation of collection items can be associated with the use of force and/or pronounced dependency relationships. In addition, collection items which can be assigned to colonial contexts can reflect discriminato- ry representations and colonial or racist ideologies.