Paolo Bellomi
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액체로켓 메탄엔진 개발동향 및 시사점 Development Trends of Liquid
Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 119-143, 2021 119 Technical Paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2021.25.2.119 액체로켓 메탄엔진 개발동향 및 시사점 임병직 a, * ㆍ 김철웅 a⋅ 이금오 a ㆍ 이기주 a ㆍ 박재성 a ㆍ 안규복 b ㆍ 남궁혁준 c ㆍ 윤영빈 d Development Trends of Liquid Methane Rocket Engine and Implications Byoungjik Lim a, * ㆍ Cheulwoong Kim a⋅ Keum-Oh Lee a ㆍ Keejoo Lee a ㆍ Jaesung Park a ㆍ Kyubok Ahn b ㆍ Hyuck-Joon Namkoung c ㆍ Youngbin Yoon d a Future Launcher R&D Program Office, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea b School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Korea c Guided Munitions Team, Hyundai Rotem, Korea d Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Selecting liquid methane as fuel is a prevailing trend for recent rocket engine developments around the world, triggered by its affordability, reusability, storability for deep space exploration, and prospect for in-situ resource utilization. Given years of time required for acquiring a new rocket engine, a national-level R&D program to develop a methane engine is highly desirable at the earliest opportunity in order to catch up with this worldwide trend towards reusing launch vehicles for competitiveness and mission flexibility. In light of the monumental cost associated with development, fabrication, and testing of a booster stage engine, it is strategically a prudent choice to start with a low-thrust engine and build up space application cases. -
2015152450 Presentation-Airbus
Accès Européen à l’Espace, pourquoi Ariane 6 et Airbus Safran Launchers ? Assemblée Générale ISAE 11/06/2015 H. GILIBERT – CTO - Airbus Safran Launchers 1 Eléments de contexte This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. Janvier 2015 2 Le contexte des lanceurs spatiaux en Europe • Les lanceurs spatiaux servent avant tout la Garantie de l’Accès Stratégique à l’Espace pour les Etats Européens. • L’activité est supportée par les Etats Membres de l’Agence Spatiale Européenne (esa). • Quelques lancements institutionnels à l’année (essentiellement avec VEGA, et SOYOUZ actuellement). • L’économie de la filière est rendue supportable pour les Etats Européens par la capture de lancements commerciaux, qui assurent la récurrence de production et forcent à la compétitivité. • Ariane 5 (6 à 7 lancements par an) réalise > 80 % de ses lancements sur le marché commercial (leader mondial ~50 % du marché ouvert). This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. janvier 2015 3 L’activité Lancements Spatiaux dans le monde This document is the property of Airbus Safran Launchers. It shall be not communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed. Airbus Safran Launchers Holding/SAS/GmbH. All rights reserved. janvier 2015 4 Les évolutions du marché des lancements (1/2) Les « moyens à gros » Les lancements sur le marché commercial sont essentiels pour soutenir l’Accès Européen Autonome à l’Espace Apparition de satellites à propulsion électrique, plus légers -> modifiera peu à peu les besoins mission sur la décennie à venir. -
Variations of Solid Rocket Motor Preliminary Design for Small TSTO Launcher
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Transport Research:Publications Space Propulsion 2012 – ID 2394102 Variations of Solid Rocket Motor Preliminary Design for Small TSTO launcher Etienne Dumont Space Launcher Systems Analysis (SART), DLR, Bremen, Germany [email protected] NGL New/Next Generation Launcher Abstract SI Structural Index (mdry / mpropellant) Several combinations of solid rocket motors and ignition SRM Solid Rocket Motor strategies have been considered for a small Two Stage to TSTO Two Stage To Orbit Orbit (TSTO) launch vehicle based on a big solid rocket US Upper Stage motor first stage and cryogenic upper stage propelled by VENUS Vega New Upper Stage the Vinci engine. In order to reach the target payload avg average during the flight performance of about 1400 kg into GTO for the clean s.l. sea level version and 2700 to 3000 kg for the boosted version, the vac vacuum influence of the selected solid rocket motors on the upper 2 + 2 P23 4 P23: two ignited on ground and two with a stage structure has been studied. Preliminary structural delayed ignition designs have been performed and the thrust histories of the solid rocket motor have been tweaked to limit the upper stage structural mass. First stage and booster 1. Introduction combinations with acceptable general loads are proposed. Solid rocket motors (SRM) are commonly used for boosters or launcher first stage. Indeed they can provide high thrust levels while being compact, light and Nomenclature relatively simple compared to a liquid rocket engine Isp specific impulse s providing the same thrust level. -
The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012
Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012 February 2013 About FAA About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2013) NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation Dear Colleague, 2012 was a very active year for the entire commercial space industry. In addition to all of the dramatic space transportation events, including the first-ever commercial mission flown to and from the International Space Station, the year was also a very busy one from the government’s perspective. It is clear that the level and pace of activity is beginning to increase significantly. -
Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z
Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 1 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z (The Aerospace En- gines, A-Z) Versión 12 2018 por Ricardo Miguel Vidal * * * -MOTOR: Máquina que transforma en movimiento la energía que recibe. (sea química, eléctrica, vapor...) Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 2 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Presentación de la edición 2018-V12 (Incluye todas las anteriores versiones y sus Apéndices) La edición 2003 era una publicación en partes que se archiva en Binders por el propio lector (2,3,4 anillas, etc), anchos o estrechos y del color que desease durante el acopio parcial de la edición. Se entregaba por grupos de hojas impresas a una cara (edición 2003), a incluir en los Binders (archivadores). Cada hoja era sustituíble en el futuro si aparecía una nueva misma hoja ampliada o corregida. Este sistema de anillas admitia nuevas páginas con información adicional. Una hoja con adhesivos para portada y lomo identifi caba cada volumen provisional. Las tapas defi nitivas fueron metálicas, y se entregaraban con el 4 º volumen. O con la publicación completa desde el año 2005 en adelante. -Las Publicaciones -parcial y completa- están protegidas legalmente y mediante un sello de tinta especial color VERDE se identifi can los originales. -
The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3. -
First Stage of a Highly Reliable Reusable Launch System
First Stage of a Highly Reliable Reusable Launch System * $ Kurt J. Kloesel , Jonathan B. Pickrelf, and Emily L. Sayles NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, 93523-0273 Michael Wright § NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771-0001 Darin Marriott** Embry-Riddle University, Prescott, Arizona, 86301-3720 Dr. Leo Hollandtf General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems Division, San Diego, California, 92121-1194 Dr. Stephen Kuznetsov$$ Power Superconductor Applications Corporation, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 16101-5241 Electromagnetic launch assist has the potential to provide a highly reliable reusable first stage to a space access system infrastructure at a lower overall cost. This paper explores the benefits of a smaller system that adds the advantages of a high specific impulse air-breathing stage and supersonic launch speeds. The method of virtual specific impulse is introduced as a tool to emphasize the gains afforded by launch assist. Analysis shows launch assist can provide a 278-s virtual specific impulse for a first-stage solid rocket. Additional trajectory analysis demonstrates that a system composed of a launch-assisted first-stage ramjet plus a bipropellant second stage can provide a 48-percent gross lift-off weight reduction versus an all-rocket system. The combination of high-speed linear induction motors and ramjets is identified, as the enabling technologies and benchtop prototypes are investigated. The high-speed response of a standard 60 Hz linear induction motor was tested with a pulse width modulated variable frequency drive to 150 Hz using a 10-lb load, achieving 150 mph. A 300-Hz stator-compensated linear induction motor was constructed and static-tested to 1900 lbf average. -
Cfd Kinetic Scheme Validation for Liquid Rocket Engine Fuelled by Oxygen/Methane
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2019-680 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) CFD KINETIC SCHEME VALIDATION FOR LIQUID ROCKET ENGINE FUELLED BY OXYGEN/METHANE Pasquale Natale*, Guido Saccone** and Francesco Battista*** * Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy, [email protected] **Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy,[email protected] ***Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy,[email protected] Abstract In recent years, greater attention has been paid to green propellants, among those liquid methane is one of the most promising choice. This has also been encouraged by the abolition of hydrazine for its intrinsic human-rating concerns. On the other hand, the adoption of methane as a fuel introduces some issues about modelling. Detailed kinetic schemes are required to properly reconstruct combustion process. This is especially true for rocket propulsion problems, in which the combustion is characterized by high pressure and not stoichiometric mixture ratio. Moreover, detailed scheme may not be feasible for CFD applications, due to high computational cost. For this reason, adoption of reduced schemes is encouraged, even if detailed mechanism description is required. In the present work, a reduced kinetic scheme (HPRB, by CIRA) will be presented for a specific LRE application. Some experimental firing-tests (i.e. FSBB test-campaign) will then be compared with model results, in order to validate the proposed model. 1. Introduction Traditionally, high performance rocket engines have used LOX and hydrogen or LOX and kerosene, while, as such, methane has not yet been used in a commercial launch vehicle. -
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Ignition Transient of Large Solid Rocket Motor S
Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale Dottorato di Ingegneria Aerospaziale XV Ciclo MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF IGNITION TRANSIENT OF LARGE SOLID ROCKET MOTOR S Dottorando Ferruccio Serraglia Tutore Prof. Marcello Onofri Correlatore Prof. Maurizio Di Giacinto Correlatore Prof. Bernardo Favini Anno Accademico 2002/2003 1 2 Index INTRODUCTION 1. PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE IGNITION TRANSIENT 10 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 10 1.2 IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF SOLID PROPELLANTS 14 IGNITION 14 STEADY-STATE BURNING 19 TRANSIENT AND EROSIVE BURNING 21 1.3 MODELING SRM IGNITION TRANSIENT 23 1D MODELS: STATE OF THE ART 23 GENERAL DISCUSSION 29 2 PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL 32 2.1 GASDYNAMIC MODEL 32 2.2 IGNITER MODEL AND IMPINGEMENT REGION 36 2.3 PROPELLANT SURFACE HEATING, IGNITION AND REGRESSION 41 IGNITION CRITERION 41 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER: IMPINGEMENT REGION. 41 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER: STANDARD REGION 44 RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER 45 PROPELLANT HEATING EVALUATION 48 BURNING RATE MODEL 51 SURFACE REGRESSION EVALUATION 52 3 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE 54 3.1 DISCRETIZED FLUID DYNAMIC MODEL AND SOLUTION 54 GODUNOV’S METHOD 55 APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED ENO METHOD TO THE IGNITION TRANSIENT ANALYSIS. 57 RIEMANN PROBLEM 61 3.2 THE ESPRIT SIMULATION CODE 63 4 RESULTS 66 4.1 HEAD-END PRESSURE AND IGNITION SEQUENCE 66 SOLID ROCKET MOTOR # 1 ARIANE 4 SOLID BOOSTER (SRM #1) 66 SOLID ROCKET MOTOR # 2 ARIANE 5 SOLID BOOSTER (SRM #2) 68 SOLID ROCKET MOTOR # 3 VEGA, ZEFIRO SOLID ROCKET STAGE (SRM #3) 71 4.2 -
Electromechanical Thrust Vector Control Systems for the Vega-C Launcher
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2019-186 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) Electromechanical Thrust Vector Control Systems for the Vega-C launcher Gael Dée *, Tillo Vanthuyne ** , Alessandro Potini ***, Ignasi Pardos ****, Guerric De Crombrugghe ***** * SABCA Haachtsesteenweg 1470, 1130 Brussels. Email: [email protected] ** SABCA Haachtsesteenweg 1470, 1130 Brussels. Email: [email protected] *** AVIO Via degli Esplosivi, 1 Colleferro (RM), Italy. Email: [email protected] **** ESA/ESRIN Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Italy. Email: [email protected] ***** SABCA Haachtsesteenweg 1470, 1130 Brussels. Email: [email protected] Abstract SABCA has designed electrical Thrust Vector Control (TVC) systems for the new VEGA-C launcher stages, based on the experience and lessons learned of the VEGA TVCs in operation since the first VEGA flight in February 2012. The paper presents the main drivers and lessons learned introduced in the design of this new generation of TVC systems. 1. Introduction The VEGA-C launcher, currently under development, is the evolution of the VEGA European launcher. It has been introduced to Increase performances, with a 2200 kg load capacity in LEO (a 700 kg increase with regard to VEGA) Reduce operating costs Reduce dependency on non-European sources Like VEGA, VEGA-C consists of 3 stages based on solid propulsion engines and a 4th stage based on a liquid propulsion engine. The first stage is based on the new P120C solid rocket motor, which is the largest monolithic carbon fibre SRM ever built. The P120C motor is also used as booster for the new Ariane 6 launcher, serving as a common building block for both launchers. -
Space in Space
SPACE IN SPACE Michal V{J~ÁK 16.5.2019 1. AREA IN SPACE OPPORTUNITY 2. WHY IS IT STILL HERE ? 3. WHAT IS IN PROGRESS ? Technologie které známe, máme a ovládáme 4. WHAT IS THE FUTURE ? musíme umět spojit do komplexních celků tady 5. HOW CAN WE MANAGE IT ? v Česku a tyto pak obchodovat. 6. VEGA EXAMPLE Jedině tak se dostaneme na vyšší příčky 7. EPD EXAMPLE hodnotových řetězců. 8. VISION Je třeba spolupracovat a důvěřovat si. Michal Vajdák Mezi občany nesmějí platit jiné privileje, diplomy a erby, než které spočívají v zásluhách, práci a rozumu. (krédo bratří Grégrů na pamětní desce při vstupu do pražského Žofína) AREA IN SPACE OPPORTUNITY Space Business . Higher levels of value chains opportunity . Space - the technology development driver . No boundaries in expansion . Space - the unique integrator of human activities . Research activities to explore NEW . Development of new technologies . Commercialization of new technologies . A new age of autonomous systems and businesses . UP and DOWN stream of technology transfer WHY IS IT STILL HERE ? Business Specifics . Low volume production . National interests and limitations . New technologies maturation needs . Significant SME support . Need for autonomous systems WHAT IS IN PROGRESS = ALREADY GONE Space Areas . Low Earth orbit satellites . Defense on orbit . Stratospheric applications . Mission spacecraft . Launchers under development (VEGA-C/E, Ariane 6/7) Source: ESA WHAT IS THE FUTURE ? Future Space Areas . New launcher technologies . Human flight technologies as space safety and security, transportation of humans and cargo or sub-orbital spaceflights . Spacecraft technologies to be used for a variety of purposes, including deep space missions (e.g. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide
WORLDWIDE EQUIPMENT GUIDE TRADOC DCSINT Threat Support Directorate DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Worldwide Equipment Guide Sep 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Memorandum, 24 Sep 2001 ...................................... *i V-150................................................................. 2-12 Introduction ............................................................ *vii VTT-323 ......................................................... 2-12.1 Table: Units of Measure........................................... ix WZ 551........................................................... 2-12.2 Errata Notes................................................................ x YW 531A/531C/Type 63 Vehicle Series........... 2-13 Supplement Page Changes.................................... *xiii YW 531H/Type 85 Vehicle Series ................... 2-14 1. INFANTRY WEAPONS ................................... 1-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles AMX-10P IFV................................................... 2-15 Small Arms BMD-1 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-17 AK-74 5.45-mm Assault Rifle ............................. 1-3 BMD-3 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-19 RPK-74 5.45-mm Light Machinegun................... 1-4 BMP-1 IFV..................................................... 2-20.1 AK-47 7.62-mm Assault Rifle .......................... 1-4.1 BMP-1P IFV...................................................... 2-21 Sniper Rifles.....................................................