First Stage of a Highly Reliable Reusable Launch System
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NASA Lessons Learned on Reusable and Expendable Launch Vehicle Operations and Their Application Towards DARPA’S Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) Program
NASA Lessons Learned on Reusable and Expendable Launch Vehicle Operations and Their Application Towards DARPA’s Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) Program C. H. Williams NASA GRC R. G. Johnson NASA KSC 15 Jan 15 Outline • Selected Historic Shuttle Operations Data • Shuttle Lessons Learned Recommendations for Lower Cost, Operationally Efficient Launch Vehicle Systems • Selected Expendable launch vehicle experiences • Past NASA Launch Vehicle Development Programs, Studies (1985 to present) • Discussion: Suggested applications of NASA Lessons Learned to already-baselined contractor XS-1 Phase I concepts Selected Historic Shuttle Operations Data 3 Original Shuttle Ops Concept vs. Actual Concept Phase (c. 1974) Operational Phase 4 Overall Results of Cost Analysis • “Direct” (Most Visible) Work Drives Massive (and Least Visible) Technical & Administrative Support Infrastructure STS Budget "Pyramid" (FY 1994 Access to Space Study) • Example: Direct Unplanned Repair Activity Drives Ops Support Infra, Logistics, Sustaining Engineering, Total SR&QA and Flight Certification Generic $M Total Operations Function FY94 (%) Elem. Receipt & Accept. 1.4 0.04% Landing/Recovery 19.6 0.58% Direct (Visible) Work “Tip of the Iceberg” Veh Assy & Integ 27.1 0.81% <10% Launch 56.8 1.69% Offline Payload/Crew 75.9 2.26% + Turnaround 107.3 3.19% Vehicle Depot Maint. 139.0 4.14% Indirect (Hidden) Traffic/Flight Control 199.4 5.93% ~20% Operations Support Infra 360.5 10.73% + Concept-Uniq Logistics 886.4 Support (Hidden) 26.38% ~70% Trans Sys Ops Plan'g & Mgmnt 1487.0 44.25% -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight NASA/SP-2014-617 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight On the cover: Background photo: The terminator—the line separating the sunlit side of Earth from the side in darkness—marks the changeover between day and night on the ground. By establishing government-industry partnerships, the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program marked a change from the traditional way NASA had worked. Inset photos, right: The COTS program supported two U.S. companies in their efforts to design and build transportation systems to carry cargo to low-Earth orbit. (Top photo—Credit: SpaceX) SpaceX launched its Falcon 9 rocket on May 22, 2012, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. (Second photo) Three days later, the company successfully completed the mission that sent its Dragon spacecraft to the Station. (Third photo—Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) Orbital Sciences Corp. sent its Antares rocket on its test flight on April 21, 2013, from a new launchpad on Virginia’s eastern shore. Later that year, the second Antares lifted off with Orbital’s cargo capsule, (Fourth photo) the Cygnus, that berthed with the ISS on September 29, 2013. Both companies successfully proved the capability to deliver cargo to the International Space Station by U.S. commercial companies and began a new era of spaceflight. ISS photo, center left: Benefiting from the success of the partnerships is the International Space Station, pictured as seen by the last Space Shuttle crew that visited the orbiting laboratory (July 19, 2011). More photos of the ISS are featured on the first pages of each chapter. -
Twolstage REUSABLE LAUNCH SYSTEM UTILIZING a WINGED CORE VEHICLE and GLIDEBACK BOOSTERS
NASA Technical Memorandum 101513 I. TWOlSTAGE REUSABLE LAUNCH SYSTEM UTILIZING A WINGED CORE VEHICLE AND GLIDEBACK BOOSTERS Ian 0. MacConochie James A. Martin James S. Wood Miles 0. Duquette July 1989 - (flASA-TM-lo%!513) TUO-STaGE REUSABLE UUUCH B89-268 78 t SYSTEil UTILIBIFSG A UIBCBD COBE VlzEICLE BllD 6UDBBACX BOOSTERS (HAS., Langley Besearch Center) 21 p CSCL 22B Unclas # 63/16 0324583 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23665 TWO-STAGE REUSABLE LAUNCH SYSTEM UTILIZING A WINGED CORE VEHICLE AND GLIDEBACK BOOSTERS BY Ian 0. MacConochie James A. Martin James S. Wood* Miles 0. Duquette* ABSTRACT A near-term technology launch system is descrlbed in which Space Shuttle main engines are used on a manned orbiter and also on twin strap-on unmanned boosters. The orbiter is configured with a circular body and clipped delta wings. The twin strap-on boosters have a circular body and deployable oblique wings for the glideback recovery. The dry and gross weights of the system, capable of delivering 70 klb of cargo to orbit, are compared with the values for the current Shuttle and a core vehicle with hydrocarbon-fuel ed boosters. INTRODUCTION In recent conceptual design studies of launch vehicles (Ref. l), emphasis has been placed on reducing operational complexity by employing comnonality in systems and propellants. In this regard, a launch vehicle has been configured in which liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, and current Space Shuttle main engines are used in both a manned core vehicle (orbiting stage) and its strap-on unmanned boosters. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the size and performance of an all-oxygen/hydrogen system using fixed numbers of Shuttle main engines. -
A Pictorial History of Rockets
he mighty space rockets of today are the result A Pictorial Tof more than 2,000 years of invention, experi- mentation, and discovery. First by observation and inspiration and then by methodical research, the History of foundations for modern rocketry were laid. Rockets Building upon the experience of two millennia, new rockets will expand human presence in space back to the Moon and Mars. These new rockets will be versatile. They will support Earth orbital missions, such as the International Space Station, and off- world missions millions of kilometers from home. Already, travel to the stars is possible. Robotic spacecraft are on their way into interstellar space as you read this. Someday, they will be followed by human explorers. Often lost in the shadows of time, early rocket pioneers “pushed the envelope” by creating rocket- propelled devices for land, sea, air, and space. When the scientific principles governing motion were discovered, rockets graduated from toys and novelties to serious devices for commerce, war, travel, and research. This work led to many of the most amazing discoveries of our time. The vignettes that follow provide a small sampling of stories from the history of rockets. They form a rocket time line that includes critical developments and interesting sidelines. In some cases, one story leads to another, and in others, the stories are inter- esting diversions from the path. They portray the inspirations that ultimately led to us taking our first steps into outer space. NASA’s new Space Launch System (SLS), commercial launch systems, and the rockets that follow owe much of their success to the accomplishments presented here. -
The New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the International Space
The New American Space Age: A PROGRESS REPORT ON HUMAN SpaCEFLIGHT The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight The International Space Station: the largest international scientific and engineering achievement in human history. The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight Lately, it seems the public cannot get enough of space! The recent hit movie “Gravity” not only won 7 Academy Awards – it was a runaway box office success, no doubt inspiring young future scientists, engineers and mathematicians just as “2001: A Space Odyssey” did more than 40 years ago. “Cosmos,” a PBS series on the origins of the universe from the 1980s, has been updated to include the latest discoveries – and funded by a major television network in primetime. And let’s not forget the terrific online videos of science experiments from former International Space Station Commander Chris Hadfield that were viewed by millions of people online. Clearly, the American public is eager to carry the torch of space exploration again. Thankfully, NASA and the space industry are building a host of new vehicles that will do just that. American industry is hard at work developing new commercial transportation services to suborbital altitudes and even low Earth orbit. NASA and the space industry are also building vehicles to take astronauts beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since the Apollo program. Meanwhile, in the U.S. National Lab on the space station, unprecedented research in zero-g is paving the way for Earth breakthroughs in genetics, gerontology, new vaccines and much more. -
Space in Space
SPACE IN SPACE Michal V{J~ÁK 16.5.2019 1. AREA IN SPACE OPPORTUNITY 2. WHY IS IT STILL HERE ? 3. WHAT IS IN PROGRESS ? Technologie které známe, máme a ovládáme 4. WHAT IS THE FUTURE ? musíme umět spojit do komplexních celků tady 5. HOW CAN WE MANAGE IT ? v Česku a tyto pak obchodovat. 6. VEGA EXAMPLE Jedině tak se dostaneme na vyšší příčky 7. EPD EXAMPLE hodnotových řetězců. 8. VISION Je třeba spolupracovat a důvěřovat si. Michal Vajdák Mezi občany nesmějí platit jiné privileje, diplomy a erby, než které spočívají v zásluhách, práci a rozumu. (krédo bratří Grégrů na pamětní desce při vstupu do pražského Žofína) AREA IN SPACE OPPORTUNITY Space Business . Higher levels of value chains opportunity . Space - the technology development driver . No boundaries in expansion . Space - the unique integrator of human activities . Research activities to explore NEW . Development of new technologies . Commercialization of new technologies . A new age of autonomous systems and businesses . UP and DOWN stream of technology transfer WHY IS IT STILL HERE ? Business Specifics . Low volume production . National interests and limitations . New technologies maturation needs . Significant SME support . Need for autonomous systems WHAT IS IN PROGRESS = ALREADY GONE Space Areas . Low Earth orbit satellites . Defense on orbit . Stratospheric applications . Mission spacecraft . Launchers under development (VEGA-C/E, Ariane 6/7) Source: ESA WHAT IS THE FUTURE ? Future Space Areas . New launcher technologies . Human flight technologies as space safety and security, transportation of humans and cargo or sub-orbital spaceflights . Spacecraft technologies to be used for a variety of purposes, including deep space missions (e.g. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide
WORLDWIDE EQUIPMENT GUIDE TRADOC DCSINT Threat Support Directorate DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Worldwide Equipment Guide Sep 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Memorandum, 24 Sep 2001 ...................................... *i V-150................................................................. 2-12 Introduction ............................................................ *vii VTT-323 ......................................................... 2-12.1 Table: Units of Measure........................................... ix WZ 551........................................................... 2-12.2 Errata Notes................................................................ x YW 531A/531C/Type 63 Vehicle Series........... 2-13 Supplement Page Changes.................................... *xiii YW 531H/Type 85 Vehicle Series ................... 2-14 1. INFANTRY WEAPONS ................................... 1-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles AMX-10P IFV................................................... 2-15 Small Arms BMD-1 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-17 AK-74 5.45-mm Assault Rifle ............................. 1-3 BMD-3 Airborne Fighting Vehicle.................... 2-19 RPK-74 5.45-mm Light Machinegun................... 1-4 BMP-1 IFV..................................................... 2-20.1 AK-47 7.62-mm Assault Rifle .......................... 1-4.1 BMP-1P IFV...................................................... 2-21 Sniper Rifles..................................................... -
Paolo Bellomi
Paolo Bellomi Date of birth: 30/10/1958 Nationality: Italian Gender Male (+39) 3286128385 [email protected] www.linkedin.com/in/paolo-bellomi-78a872160 via Pontina 428, 00128, Roma, Italy WORK EXPERIENCE 01/06/2021 – CURRENT – Colleferro, Italy CHIEF TECHNICAL OFFICER – AVIO S.P.A. As Chief Technical Officer, he validates the Flight Worthiness of the products and services of Avio, including the Launch System and the mission preparation for Vega family. In the meantime he is in charge of the pre-competitive research, the product strategy and technological roadmap for Avio and takes care of several new initiatives (as the Space Propulsion Test Facility, located in Sardinia). He is the CEO of SpaceLab, an Avio and ASI (Italian Space Agency) company. He supports Avio CEO on a number of tasks, including Merger and Acquisition opportunities scouting and evaluation. 01/01/2013 – 31/05/2021 – Colleferro (RM) TECHNICAL DIRECTOR – AVIO S.P.A. Managed the directorate of Engineering and Product Development in Avio S.p.A. As Senior Vice President, he was in charge of the design, development and qualification of Avio S.p.A. products, in both space and defense application domain. He was the owner of the company development process, and as such, he led a 200-persons team; he technically drove a plethora of lower tier contractors or partners. In this position, he contributed to the European decision making for the space transportation systems Ariane 6 and Vega C: in particular he fostered the need for development of Solid Rocket Motor common, to Ariane 62 and 64 and Vega C and subsequently Vega E family. -
Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities Pub
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE A CBO STUDY OCTOBER 2006 Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities Pub. No. 2568 A CBO STUDY Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities October 2006 The Congress of the United States O Congressional Budget Office Note Unless otherwise indicated, all years referred to in this study are federal fiscal years, and all dollar amounts are expressed in 2006 dollars of budget authority. Preface Currently available launch vehicles have the capacity to lift payloads into low earth orbit that weigh up to about 25 metric tons, which is the requirement for almost all of the commercial and governmental payloads expected to be launched into orbit over the next 10 to 15 years. However, the launch vehicles needed to support the return of humans to the moon, which has been called for under the Bush Administration’s Vision for Space Exploration, may be required to lift payloads into orbit that weigh in excess of 100 metric tons and, as a result, may constitute a unique demand for launch services. What alternatives might be pursued to develop and procure the type of launch vehicles neces- sary for conducting manned lunar missions, and how much would those alternatives cost? This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study—prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the House Budget Committee—examines those questions. The analysis presents six alternative programs for developing launchers and estimates their costs under the assump- tion that manned lunar missions will commence in either 2018 or 2020. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations. -
Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990S
) (I ' ·-·.;;;;:, .. Dire.ctorate of . ttJ _)\ Intelligence . G0 Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990s An Intelligence Assessment SOV 88-10061 sw 88-/IJOj6 Stpu'"hu J9RR Copy Warning Notice Intelligence Sources or Methods Involved (WNINTEL) National &curity Unauthorized Disclosure Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions Oissc:mination Control Abbr~riations NOFORN (NFJ Not releasable to foreien nationals NOSONTR~_CT_CN_C_I ___~N_o_t~re_lc_•_s•_b_le_t~o_c_M_l~rz~~-o_rs_o.,.r~c_o~nl_rz_c~lo_r~/c_o_ns_u_h_z_nt_s PROP IN (PRJ Caution-proprietary inform;.tion involved OR CON (OCJ Dissemination and Cltraction of inform.1tion ---···----------,--,---,---.,.---------,-----controlled by oricinator REl___ This inform3.tion h.u been :~uthorizcd for release to ... ___________,_ __ W_N ______ --:----- WNI ~TEL-Intcllia:cncc sources or mel hods involved A microfiche copy o( I his docu- Clauillcd bl men! is available front OIR/ Declassify: OADR DLB (~82-7177~ printed copies Derived from muhiplc sources from CPAS/IMC(~&l-HOJ; or AIM request to uscrid CPASIMCJ. Rceulu rcccip! of 01 reports can be am need chrouch CPAS/IMC. All material on this ~r:c . --·-------------------- is Unclassified. ') / ' Directorate or lntdligrocc Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990s An lntdligcnce Assessment This paper was prepared b ,Qflicc of Soviet Anal)'sis. an<'.- ~f Science and Weapons Rescare #:ontributions fro. t?_o~ . Comments znd queries arc welcome and may be dircctcdl\0 . or to . USWR. J yrf sov 88-10061 SWS8-100l6 Scpumba 1933 I ' Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the_l990! Key Judgments The Soviets arc developing at least one, and possibly two, reusable space llffurmation availabl~ systems. -
Reusable Launch Systems Aerospace
Nov, 2010 DEPARTMENT OF REUSABLE LAUNCH SYSTEMS AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Soumik Bose Keshav Kishore Anand Indian Institute Of Technology, Kharagpur 1 INTRODUCTION A hundred years ago, on December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright successfully achieved a piloted, powered flight. Though the Wright Flyer I flew only 10 ft off the ground for 12 seconds, traveling a mere 120 ft, the aeronautical technology it demonstrated paved the way for passenger air transportation. Man had finally made it to the air. The Wright brother’s plane of 1903 led to the development of aircrafts such as the WWII Spitfire, and others. In 1926 the first passenger plane flew holiday makers from American mainland to Havana and Bahamas. In 23 years the world had moved from a plane that flew 120 ft and similar planes that only a chosen few could fly, to one that can carry many passengers. In October 1957, man entered the space age. Russia sent the first satellite, the Sputnik, and in April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man on space. In the years since Russia and United States has sent many air force pilots and a fewer scientists, engineers and others. But even after almost 50 years, the number of people who has been to space is close to 500. The people are losing interest in seeing a chosen few going to space and the budgets to space research is diminishing. The space industry now makes money by taking satellites to space. But a major factor here is the cost. At present to put a single kilogram into orbit will cost you between $10000 and $20000.