Den Kommunala Planeringens Betydelse För En Trygg Och Säker Stadsmiljö

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Den Kommunala Planeringens Betydelse För En Trygg Och Säker Stadsmiljö EXAMENSARBETE INOM TEKNIK, GRUNDNIVÅ, 15 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2018 Den kommunala planeringens betydelse för en trygg och säker stadsmiljö En kartläggning över kommuners implementering av säkerhet och trygghet i planeringen EMIL HOLMLUND KTH SKOLAN FÖR ARKITEKTUR OCH SAMHÄLLSBYGGNAD Sammanfattning Kommuner har idag en stor makt att planera vår framtida stadsmiljö. Med den stora makten kommer även ett ännu större ansvar. Dessa stadsmiljöer kommer bli framtida generationers livsmiljöer. Stadsmiljön ska både upplevas som trygg och vara säker. Men vad har dagens kommuner för beredskap för att planera trygga och säkra stadsmiljöer? Detta kandidatarbete har undersökt fyra kommuner i Stockholms län: Stockholms stad, Upplands Väsby kommun, Nacka kommun och Huddinge kommun. Kartläggningen rör vad för styrdokument och övrigt arbete kommunerna besitter som stöd i trygghets- och säkerhets planeringen. Dessa styrdokument har kontrollerats mot CPTED:s olika principer. Det visade sig att kommunernas arbetsunderlag innehåller inslag av CPTED:s olika principer, men i varierande grad. För att sedan kontrollera att kommunerna följer sina styrdokument och implementerar trygghet- och säkerhetsplanering gjordes en fallstudie på en utvald plats i varje kommun. Fallstudien visade att kommunerna lyckats implementerat CPTED:s principer i skiftande utsträckning i de utvalda projekten. Sedan analyserades om kommunerna använder CPTED:s principer medvetet eller om det enbart var sunt förnuft. Vidare diskuterades om dagens juridiska ramar påbjuder kommuner att planera tryggt och säkert, samt i vilket avseende. Detta visade sig inte vara fallet. Kandidatarbetet avslutade sedan med att redovisa vilka åtgärder som kan göras juridiskt och vilka brister som kan kandidatarbetet kan inrymma. Nyckelord: Stadsplanering, Planering, Trygghet, Säkerhet, Kommuner, Stadsmiljö, CPTED, Situationell brottsprevention, Stadsutformning Omslagsbild: Marta Wännman, landskapsarkitekt, LAND Arkitektur AB, Edqvist (2015) 2 Abstract Municipalities today have a great power to plan our future urban environment. With this great power comes an even greater responsibility. These new urban environments will become future generations habitats. The urban environment should be both safe and secure. But what do the municipalities today have for preparedness to plan safe and secure urban environments? This dissertation has examined four municipalities in Stockholm County: Stockholm Municipality, Upplands Väsby Municipality, Nacka Municipality and Huddinge Municipality. The mapping concerns what regulatory documents and other work the municipalities have to support the safety and security planning. These regulatory documents have been verified against the CPTED's various principles. It was found that the municipalities' regulatory documents contain elements of the CPTED's different principles, but to varying degrees. In order to verify that the municipalities follow their regulatory documents and implement security and security planning, a case study was carried out at a selected location in each municipality. The case studies showed that the municipalities succeeded in implementing the CPTED principles to varying degrees in the selected projects. Then the dissertation analyzed if the use of the principles of the CPTED where purposely used or if it was purely common sense. Further on, a discussion if today’s legal framework secures municipalities to plan urban environment secure and safe proved that this was not the case. At least in a broader perspective. The dissertation then ended with stating which actions can be done legally and what shortcomings that could be included. English Title: The importance of municipal planning for a safe and secure urban environment: A mapping of municipalities implementation of security and safety in planning 3 Förord Detta kandidatarbete skrevs under vårterminen, period 4, 2018 på Stadsplaneringsinriktningen inom Samhällsbyggnadsprogrammet, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Jag vill först tacka alla mina vänner som gjort den här resan hittills roligare, spännande och livfull! Utan er alla hade det inte varit möjligt att komma såhär långt! Sedan ska Vania Ceccato få en stor eloge som fått upp mina ögon för det här området, som mycket säkert kommer att påverka min framtida yrkesroll som stadsplanerare. Jag vill även tacka Eidar Lindgren för all input i utformningen av kandidatarbetet. Jag vill avsluta förorden med ett citat jag läste i CPTED pionjären C. Ray Jefferys bok Crime Prevention Through Enviromental Design. Citatet fångar precis vad jag som framtida stadsplanerare vill uppnå med mitt framtida yrkesliv. “Reform the environment – not man . Don’t attempt to reform man. An adequately organized environment will permit humanity´s original capabilities to become successful. Politics and conventionalized education have sought erroneously to mold or reform humanity, i.e., the collective individual. My philosophy and strategy confine the design initiative to reforming only the environment in contradistinction to the almost universal attempts of human to reform and restrain other humans by political actions, laws and codes.” R. Buckminister Fuller Utopia or Oblivion, 1969 Emil Holmlund Trångsund, Maj 2018 4 Innehållsförteckning 1 Inledning med Bakgrund ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Syfte och frågeställning........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Disposition ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Teori och litteraturgenomgång .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Säkerhet ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Trygghet ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Situationell brottsprevention ................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Crime prevention through environmental design, CPTED ..................................................................... 10 2.5 Vidareutveckling av CPTED ................................................................................................................. 12 2.6 Dagens juridiska ramar ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.7 Kommuners styrdokument och övrigt arbete .......................................................................................... 14 2.7.1 Stockholms stad ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.7.2 Nacka kommun ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.7.3 Upplands Väsby kommun.............................................................................................................. 18 2.7.4 Huddinge kommun ........................................................................................................................ 20 3 Metod ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Avgränsningar .............................................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Kommuners styrdokument och övrigt arbete .......................................................................................... 23 3.3 Kontrollista .......................................................................................................................................... 24 3.4 Fallstudier ............................................................................................................................................ 24 3.4.1 Hammarbysjöstad – Stockholms stad ............................................................................................. 24 3.4.2 Järla Sjö – Nacka kommun ............................................................................................................ 24 3.4.3 Fyrklövern (Centrala Väsby) – Upplands Väsby kommun .............................................................. 25 3.4.4 Flemingsbergsdalen (Flemingsberg) – Huddinge kommun ............................................................. 25 4 Resultat ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Stockholms stad – Hammarby Sjöstad ................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Kommunens styrdokument och övrigt arbete ................................................................................. 26 4.1.2 Fallstudie ...................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Nacka kommun – Järla Sjö (Saltsjö Järla) ............................................................................................. 28 4.2.1 Kommunens styrdokument och övrigt
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