DOCSLIB.ORG

An Ethnographic Study in Barkly East

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Ethnographic Study in Barkly East Land as a Site of Remembrance: An Ethnographic Study in Barkly East By Karen Nortje Supervisor: Dr. R. Ebr.- Vally A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS University of the Witwatersrand Department of Social Anthropology 2006 1 Abstract This thesis is an examination of the ways in which people in Barkly East, a small town in the Eastern Cape, attribute feelings of belonging to the land they own and work. In a country such as South Africa, where the contestation of land is prominent and so integral to the political and social discourse, questions related to the idea of belonging are necessary and important. Significant questions addressed by this thesis are: Who belongs and why do they feel they belong? More importantly, the question of who does not belong, is addressed. In Barkly East a tug of war exists between groups and individuals who want matters to remain constant and those who need the status quo to change. What stands out, moreover, in this community, is its duality on many levels of society, which is played out both consciously and unconsciously. This duality is also manifested through social, racial and economic relations, and is supported by an unequal access to land. This thesis identifies three main elements which contribute to the creation of narratives of belonging in Barkly East. Firstly, history and the perception of history create strong links between personal and communal identity, which in turn reinforces and legitimises claims of belonging. Secondly, hierarchy in terms of gender and race plays an important part in this narration, as some residents are more empowered in this process due to either their gender or race. And three, the connection to the land that people appear to have, plays a definitive role in narratives of belonging. Those who feel they have a heritage in this place also feel a connection to the land. For this reason, land for these people embody, not only the physical space of ‘somewhere to belong to’, but becomes an integral ingredient to the act of belonging and even identity formation. 2 Declaration I declare that this is my own unaided work. It is being submitted for the requirements of the Degree of Masters in Social Anthropology, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. Karen Nortje 30 June 2006 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many to thank. First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Rehana Ebr. Vally. Her support and guidance has kept me going since my Honours project and has never wavered. Thank you Rehana for ‘sticking with me’ and always knowing what to say! Secondly, I would like to thank Ms. Nicole Ridgway and Dr Andre Czegledy for their input to my thesis at the initial stages. I would also like to extend my utmost gratitude to all my respondents and friends in Barkly East who have shared their lives and stories with me. In particular, Mr Peter and Mrs Marietjie Dormehl, Reece and Blaine, Dawn, Wynn and Tannie San. Thank you for sharing your lives with me. A big thank you also to Naledi who taught me a bit about “driving in the township”. I must also acknowledge my support system at work. Thank you to Thea, Kelly and Yvonne for believing in me, and to all those students and friends who have shared my anxiety. Also, to the parents and Gran, thank you for your unwavering support and putting up with me and my papers. It is appreciated! Lastly, Liz it is always your support that gets me through the long hours and self doubt. Dankie! 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES, PHOTOGRAPHS AND TABLES 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 10 Research Question 11 Research Aims and Goals 11 Problem Statement 11 Rationale 12 Barkly East In Context 15 Location and Geography 15 Community Profile 20 Education and Economic Activity 24 Origins 30 Chapter Outline 35 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY 37 Literature Review 37 South Africa and Land 37 Space and Place 45 Landscape 48 Methodology 50 Ethnography and Anthropology at Home 51 Methods 56 Participant Observation: 56 Focus Groups, Interviews and Questionnaires 58 Textual Strategies 61 Ethics 63 CHAPTER THREE: THE HISTORY OF OUR FUTURE 66 Introduction 66 The Nature Of History And Its Duality In South Africa And Barkly East 67 Writing History 67 Everyday Living 72 Official Repositories of History and Knowledge 79 Conclusion 83 5 CHAPTER FOUR: “PLACING” BARKLY EAST 84 Introduction 84 Practised Places 85 Place related to identity and belonging: 86 Race And Place 88 South Africa’s Historical Context 88 Race and Place in Barkly East 93 Categorisation According To Place 105 Of town and township 106 Conclusion 109 CHAPTER FIVE: WOMEN, LAND AND GARDENING 111 Introduction 111 The Use Of Space 112 A gendered use of space 113 Land as gendered space in South Africa 116 Division Of Farms In Barkly East According To Gender 119 Gender division of farms in Barkly East linked to homemaking 122 How Does My Garden Grow In Barkly East? 126 Gardens of Beauty and Prestige 127 Gardens of Subsistence 131 Conclusion 134 CHAPTER SIX: MEMORY AND LANDSCAPE IN BARKLY EAST 136 Introduction 136 What Is Memory And How Can We Understand Its Significance? 137 What is memory and how does it work? 138 Memory: Filtered and Subjective, Individual and Collective 139 The Sweet With The Bitter: Remembering Barkly East 142 The Sweet 143 The Bitter 144 Landscape And Sacredness 148 Land Becomes Sacred 149 Conclusion 155 CHAPTER SEVEN: INTO THE FUTURE 157 Introduction 157 6 Revival Comes From Within 158 ‘Modern’ Farmers 165 The Link: Economic Upliftment And Land Policies 169 Conclusion 170 CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION 172 Introduction 172 Conclusions 173 REFERENCE LIST 176 Academic 176 Newspaper, Magazine Articles 192 National & Local Government And NGO Publications And Research 193 APPENDIX I 196 7 FIGURES, PHOTOGRAPHS AND TABLES Figures Figure 1.1 Local tourism map of Barkly East and its surrounds 16 Figure 1.2 Town map distributed by the Barkly East Tourism Association 18 Figure 1.3 Distribution of population according to race 21 Figure 1.4 Percentage of language spoken across race groups 22 Figure 1.5 Population distribution according to age and population group 24 Photographs Image 1.1 Barkly East town is nestled against the Drakensberg Mountains 19 Image 1.2 Sheep farming is very successful in the area 20 Image 1.3 Sezamulwazi Primary School in the township 26 Image 1.4 A Variety of children can currently attend school at the Barkly East School that is situated in the town itself 27 Image 1.5 The tar road that leads to Bloemfontein 29 Image 3.1 The soccer “team” 74 Image 4.1 Uncle Siswana’s house 97 Image 4.2 The farmhouse that belongs to the Danish owner of the farm Uncle Siswana currently resides on 98 Image 4.3 A house in the ‘black’ part of the township 106 Image 5.1 A Sun-dial in a secluded corner of the garden 128 Image 5.2 Pumi on a piece of land recently donated for a garden of Subsistence 133 Image 7.1 Ntombekaya, one of the seamstresses at the Qhubeka Sewing Project, displays her handiwork 162 8 Image 7.2 Several farmers from Barkly East and the outlying district came to the Farmers Association meeting 166 Tables Table 1.1 Level of education across population groups 20 Table 3.1 Legislation regarding land issues 73 Table 4.1 Perceptions of residents of Barkly East of the town and township 103 Table 5.1 Level of income of Black African women 128 Table 7.1 Level of unemployment across race and gender 159 9 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Barkly East does not immediately grab one as the hub of activity, nor does it flatter you with eloquence or style. Rather this place lies in its cradle of mountains, unchanging it seems, experiencing life at the very slow pace of day- to-day living. From time to time some strangers pass through, usually on their way to somewhere exciting, maybe Queenstown or the Tiffindell Ski resort, even Bloemfontein. For most of these passers-by, Barkly East is hardly ever a destination. Neither its green hills in summer, nor its icy white, snow caps in winter, is enough to make them stay. The question is thus; why did I choose to stay – for a little while at least? In 1999, Barkly East captured my attention and enslaved my pen and ink. I had decided upon this place as a study area for my honours project concerning issues of identity and gender. Having been somewhat familiar with this ‘space’, with some family staying there and personally visiting sporadically, I felt it would lend itself well to the kind of issues I would like to investigate. Little did I, at that stage, envisage the scope my work would later take. Upon finishing my honours research I came to realise that there was more to know about Barkly East and its people. My research in Barkly East to this point was limited in its focus to issues of gender, and I believed there to be another study, or rather other stories about this place that needed to be told. This thesis will attempt to tell some of the stories of Barkly East as captured and experienced by myself. Barkly East however has taught me that the research inquiry is not easily answered, and that while I might be looking for one particular type of story, this place has chosen many more for me to reveal.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phase 1 Aia Heritage Screener Borrow Pits Sterkspruit Eastern Cape
    PHASE 1 AIA HERITAGE SCREENER BORROW PITS STERKSPRUIT EASTERN CAPE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF BORROW PITS ALONG ROADS DR08606 AND DR08515, FARM 301 RE/88, STERKSPRUIT, SENQU LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, JOE GQABI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE. PREPARED FOR: ISIPHO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS PREPARED BY: SKY-LEE FAIRHURST HEIDI FIVAZ & JAN ENGELBRECHT UBIQUE HERITAGE CONSULTANTS 28 JUNE 2020 VERSION 2 Web: www.ubiquecrm.com Mail: [email protected] Office: (+27)0721418860 Address: P.O. Box 5022 Weltevredenpark 1715 CSD Supplier Number MAAA0586123 PHASE 1 AIA HERITAGE SCREENER BORROW PITS STERKSPRUIT EASTERN CAPE Client: Isipho Environmental Consultants Contact Person: Andisiwe Stuurman Mobile: (+27) 081 410 2569 Email: [email protected] Heritage Consultant: UBIQUE Heritage Consultants Contact Person: Jan Engelbrecht (archaeologist and lead CRM specialist) Member of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists: Member number: 297 Cell: (+27) 082 845 6276 Email: [email protected] Heidi Fivaz (archaeologist) Member of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists: Member number: 433 Cell: (+27) 072 141 8860 Email: [email protected] Sky-Lee Fairhurst (archaeologist) Research Assistant Cell: (+27) 071 366 5770 Email: [email protected] Declaration of independence: We, Jan Engelbrecht and Heidi Fivaz, partners of UBIQUE Heritage Consultants, hereby confirm our independence as heritage specialists and declare that: • we are suitably qualified and accredited to act as independent specialists in this application; • we do not have any vested interests (either business, financial, personal or other) in the proposed development project other than remuneration for the heritage assessment and heritage management services performed; • the work was conducted in an objective and ethical manner, in accordance with a professional code of conduct and within the framework of South African heritage legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • 40 000 Years in the Greater Eastern Cape, South Africa
    Late Quaternary environmental phases in the Eastern Cape and adjacent Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo, South Africa Colin A. Lewis Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa Tel: +27 46 6222416, Fax: +27 46 6361199 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Four major climato-environmental phases have been identified in the Eastern Cape, Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo between somewhat before ~ 40 000 cal. a BP and the present: the Birnam Interstadial from before 40 000 cal. a BP until ~ 24 000 cal. a BP; the Bottelnek Stadial (apparently equating with the Last Glacial Maximum) from ~24 000 cal. a BP until before ~ 18 350 cal. a BP; the Aliwal North (apparently equating with the Late Glacial) from before ~ 18 350 cal. a BP until ~ 11 000 cal. a BP; the Dinorben (apparently equating with the Holocene) from ~ 11 000 cal. a BP until the present. The evidence for, and the characteristics of, these phases is briefly described. Key words Palaeoclimate. Southern Africa. Late Quaternary. Last Glacial Maximum. Late Glacial. Holocene. 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this paper and use of proxy data The purpose of this paper is to summarise the evidence for, and describe the characteristics of, the major climato-environmental phases that have occurred in the Eastern Cape and adjacent Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo during the last ~ 40 000 a (Fig. 1). The age of these phases has been established mainly by radiocarbon dating. Events predating ~ 40 000 cal. a BP are effectively beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and are not considered in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • If You Are Going to Say You're Afro-Latina That Means That You Are Black
    “If you are going to say you’re Afro-Latina that means that you are Black”: Afro-Latinxs Contesting the Dilution of Afro-Latinidad Rene Ayala Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Final Research Paper 15 May 2019 Ayala 1 The second half of the 2010’s has brought an increase in the visibility of, and conversations about, Afro-Latinx identity in the United States. Afro-Latinx, in its simplest definition, is a term that describes Latin Americans and Latin American Descendants who are of African Descent. While Afro-Latinidad as a concept and an identity has existed for decades, both in Latin America and the United States, the current decade has brought many advances in terms of the visibility of Afro-Latinidad and Afro-Latinx people in the United States. Univision, one of the five main Spanish language news channels targeted towards Latinxs living the United States, in late 2017 promoted Ilda Calderon, an Afro-Colombian news anchor, to main news anchor on their prime-time news program Noticiero Univsion (Hansen 2017). This promotion makes her the first Afro-Latina to anchor the news in Univsion’s history as well as the first Afro-Latina to anchor in any major network in the U.S. The decision comes at the heel of the networks airing of Calderon’s interview with a Ku Klux’s Klan Leader in August of 2017 (Univision 2017). The interview was particularly interesting because it showed the complexities of Afro-Latinidad to their Latinx audience. The network has historically been criticized for their exclusion and erasure of Afro-Latinxs in both their coverage of news that occurs in Latin America and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Race: Addressing the Consequences of the Law’S Failure to Define Race
    PEERY.38.5.4 (Do Not Delete) 6/2/2017 2:55 PM (RE)DEFINING RACE: ADDRESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE LAW’S FAILURE TO DEFINE RACE Destiny Peery† Modern lawmakers and courts have consistently avoided discussing how to define race for legal purposes even in areas of law tasked regularly with making decisions that require them. This failure to define what race is in legal contexts specifically requiring such determinations, and in the law more broadly, creates problems for multiple actors in the legal system, from plaintiffs deciding whether to pursue claims of discrimination, lawyers deciding how to argue cases, and legal decision-makers deciding cases where race is not only relevant but often central to the legal question at hand. This Article considers the hesitance to engage with questions of racial definition in law. Drawing on findings from social psychology to demonstrate how race can be defined in multiple ways that may produce different categorizations, this Article argues that the lack of racial definition is problematic because it leaves a space for multiple definitions to operate below the surface, creating not only problematic parallels to a bad legal past but also producing inconsistency. The consequences of this continued ambiguity is illustrated through an ongoing dilemma in Title VII anti-discrimination law, where the courts struggle to interpret race, illustrating the general problems created by the law’s refusal to define race, demonstrating the negative impact on individuals seeking relief and the confusion created as different definitions of race are applied to similar cases, producing different outcomes in similar cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Thin Lizzy Colour Match Kit
    Thin Lizzy Colour Match Kit Find the perfect shade of 6in1, Mineral Foundation or Concealer Crème to match your skin tone. Finding the shade that’s right for you: Our skin tone and complexion can change throughout the season, so you may be one shade in winter and a slightly darker shade in summer with the increase of sun exposure. To find your perfect shade: Swipe the colours that look closest to your skin tone on your jaw line down to your neck. The shade that matches your neck is the one you should choose. Warm or Cool Tones: Do you wear fake tan? If so you may need to go a shade darker than your regular colour and a warm tone will probably blend in better. For Rosy / Cool Skin tones – for skin that blushes or burns easily For Fair Skin For Medium Skin Light Skin with Pink undertones Medium Skin with yellow undertones Tends to look better with Silver jewellery Tends to look better with Gold jewellery Celebrity reference: Drew Barrymore, Celebrity reference: Cameron Diaz, Kate Winslet Celine Dion, Kate Hudson For Olive / War Skin tones – for skin that tans easily without burning For very fair skin For Fair Skin Light Skin with Pink undertones Light Skin with neutral undertones Tends to look better with Silver jewellery Always burns before tanning Celebrity reference: Kate Middleton Celebrity reference: Adele, Amy Adams, Taylor Jennifer Anniston Swift For Medium Skin For Medium-Dark Skin Medium Skin with Yellow undertones Very Gold, Light Tan, Honey Skin tones Tends to look better with Gold Jewellery Common shade in Mediterranean / Latin Celebrity reference: Diane Kruger, Celine Dion demographic, tans easily Lucy Liu, Penelope Cruz Celebrity reference: Kim Kardashian, Paula Patton, Halle Berry For Dark Skin For Deep Dark Skin Tan with neutral undertones, deep olive skin tones Rich brown with yellow undertones Common Shade in African American demographic, Common Shade in Pacific Island demographic Tans very easily Celebrity reference: Janet Jackson Celebrity reference: Jennifer Lopez Mary J.
    [Show full text]
  • Notions of Beauty & Sexuality in Black Communities in the Caribbean and Beyond
    fNotions o Beauty & Sexuality in Black Communities IN THE CARIBBEAN AND BEYOND VOL 14 • 2016 ISSN 0799-1401 Editor I AN B OX I LL Notions of Beauty & Sexuality in Black Communities in the Caribbean and Beyond GUEST EDITORS: Michael Barnett and Clinton Hutton IDEAZ Editor Ian Boxill Vol. 14 • 2016 ISSN 0799-1401 © 2016 by Centre for Tourism & Policy Research & Ian Boxill All rights reserved Ideaz-Institute for Intercultural and Comparative Research / Ideaz-Institut für interkulturelle und vergleichende Forschung Contact and Publisher: www.ideaz-institute.com IDEAZ–Journal Publisher: Arawak publications • Kingston, Jamaica Credits Cover photo –Courtesy of Lance Watson, photographer & Chyna Whyne, model Photos reproduced in text –Courtesy of Clinton Hutton (Figs. 2.1, 4.4, 4.5, G-1, G-2, G-5) David Barnett (Fig. 4.1) MITS, UWI (Figs. 4.2, 4.3) Lance Watson (Figs. 4.6, 4.7, G.3, G-4) Annie Paul (Figs. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) Benjamin Asomoah (Figs. G-6, G-7) C O N T E N T S Editorial | v Acknowledgments | ix • Articles Historical Sociology of Beauty Practices: Internalized Racism, Skin Bleaching and Hair Straightening | Imani M. Tafari-Ama 1 ‘I Prefer The Fake Look’: Aesthetically Silencing and Obscuring the Presence of the Black Body | Clinton Hutton 20 Latin American Hyper-Sexualization of the Black Body: Personal Narratives of Black Female Sexuality/Beauty in Quito, Ecuador | Jean Muteba Rahier 33 The Politics of Black Hair: A Focus on Natural vs Relaxed Hair for African-Caribbean Women | Michael Barnett 69 Crossing Borders, Blurring Boundaries:
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetics of Human Skin and Hair Pigmentation
    GG20CH03_Pavan ARjats.cls July 31, 2019 17:4 Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics The Genetics of Human Skin and Hair Pigmentation William J. Pavan1 and Richard A. Sturm2 1Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; email: [email protected] 2Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 2019. 20:41–72 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on melanocyte, melanogenesis, melanin pigmentation, skin color, hair color, May 17, 2019 genome-wide association study, GWAS The Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics is online at genom.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118- Human skin and hair color are visible traits that can vary dramatically Access provided by University of Washington on 09/02/19. For personal use only. 015230 within and across ethnic populations. The genetic makeup of these traits— Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 2019.20:41-72. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. including polymorphisms in the enzymes and signaling proteins involved in All rights reserved melanogenesis, and the vital role of ion transport mechanisms operating dur- ing the maturation and distribution of the melanosome—has provided new insights into the regulation of pigmentation. A large number of novel loci involved in the process have been recently discovered through four large- scale genome-wide association studies in Europeans, two large genetic stud- ies of skin color in Africans, one study in Latin Americans, and functional testing in animal models.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Determinants of Skin Color, Aging, and Cancer Genetische Determinanten Van Huidskleur, Huidveroudering En Huidkanker
    Genetic Determinants of Skin Color, Aging, and Cancer Genetische determinanten van huidskleur, huidveroudering en huidkanker Leonie Cornelieke Jacobs Layout and printing: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Cover design: Annette van Driel - Kluit © Leonie Jacobs, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author or, when appropriate, of the publishers of the publications. ISBN: 978-94-6169-708-0 Genetic Determinants of Skin Color, Aging, and Cancer Genetische determinanten van huidskleur, huidveroudering en huidkanker Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van rector magnificus Prof. dr. H.A.P. Pols en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op vrijdag 11 september 2015 om 11:30 uur door Leonie Cornelieke Jacobs geboren te Rotterdam PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotoren: Prof. dr. T.E.C. Nijsten Prof. dr. M. Kayser Overige leden: Prof. dr. H.A.M. Neumann Prof. dr. A.G. Uitterlinden Prof. dr. C.M. van Duijn Copromotor: dr. F. Liu COntents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 PART I SKIn COLOR Chapter 2 Perceived skin colour seems a swift, valid and reliable measurement. 29 Br J Dermatol. 2015 May 4; [Epub ahead of print]. Chapter 3 Comprehensive candidate gene study highlights UGT1A and BNC2 37 as new genes determining continuous skin color variation in Europeans. Hum Genet. 2013 Feb; 132(2): 147-58. Chapter 4 Genetics of skin color variation in Europeans: genome-wide association 59 studies with functional follow-up.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Imposed Identity for Multiracial Individuals
    YOUR PERCEPTION, MY REALITY: THE CASE OF IMPOSED IDENTITY FOR MULTIRACIAL INDIVIDUALS A Dissertation by NICHOLE CRYSTELL BOUTTÉ-HEINILUOMA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2012 Major Subject: Sociology Your Perception, My Reality: The Case of Imposed Identity for Multiracial Individuals Copyright 2012 Nichole Crystell Boutté-Heiniluoma YOUR PERCEPTION, MY REALITY: THE CASE OF IMPOSED IDENTITY FOR MULTIRACIAL INDIVIDUALS A Dissertation by NICHOLE CRYSTELL BOUTTÉ-HEINILUOMA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joe Feagin Committee Members, Sarah Gatson Alex McIntosh Jane Sell Head of Department, Jane Sell August 2012 Major Subject: Sociology iii ABSTRACT Your Perception, My Reality: The Case of Imposed Identity for Multiracial Individuals. (August 2012) Nichole Crystell Boutté-Heiniluoma, B.A., Texas A&M University; M.I.A., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joe Feagin Prior to this exploratory study, issues of multiracial identity development and imposed identity had not been explored in great detail. This study sought to expand the current knowledge base by offering an examination of a) multiracial identity development for different bi/multiracial backgrounds, b) the influence of the perception of race on social interactions (imposed identity), and c) racial identification in the public and private spheres from the perspective of multi-racial individuals. A literature based survey was developed and piloted with an expert panel to increase face and content validity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Traditional Horse Racing in the Eastern Cape
    THR Cover FA 9/10/13 10:49 AM Page 1 The Status of Traditional Horse Racing in the Eastern Cape www.ussa.org.za www.ru.ac.za THR Intro - Chp 3 FA 9/10/13 10:40 AM Page 1 The Status of Traditional Horse Racing in the Eastern Cape ECGBB – 12/13 – RFQ – 10 Commissioned by Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board (ECGBB) Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, was awarded incidental thereto, contemplated in the Act and to advise the a tender called for by the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Member of the Executive Council of the Province for Economic Board (ECGBB) (BID NUMBER: ECGBB - 12/13 RFQ-10) to Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) with regard to gambling matters undertake research which would determine the status of and to exercise certain further powers contemplated in the traditional horse racing (THR) in the Eastern Cape. Act. The ECGBB was established by section 3 of the Gambling Rhodes University, established in 1904, is located in and Betting Act, 1997 (Act No 5 of 1997, Eastern Cape, as Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. amended). The mandate of the ECGBB is to oversee all Rhodes is a publicly funded University with a well established gambling and betting activities in the Province and matters research track record and a reputation for academic excellence. Rhodes University Research Team: Project Manager: Ms Jaine Roberts, Director: Research Principal Investigator: Ms Michelle Griffith Senior Researcher: Mr Craig Paterson, Doctoral Candidate in History Administrator: Ms Thumeka Mantolo, Research Officer, Research Office Eastern Cape Gambling & Betting Board: Marketing & Research Specialist: Mr Monde Duma Cover picture: People dance and sing while leading horses down to race.
    [Show full text]
  • A Regional Analysis of Agricultural Price Risk in South Africa
    Agrekon, Vol 33, No 3 (September 1994) Van Schalkwyk and Groenewald A REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL PRICE RISK IN SOUTH AFRICA HD van Schalkwyk and JA Groenewald Lecturer and Professor, Department ofAgricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University ofPretoria, Pretoria Regional output/input price differentials and variations were calculated to evaluate price risk in South Africa. It was found that price unstable regions are not necessarily also risky regions as regions with higher output/input price ratios can handle higher price variations better. The average value of the price index for the top ten regions is over 3 times larger than the average for the ten lowest regions. The higher the prices of inputs relative to output prices (the lower the price ratio), the smaller their application to each hectare of land, and the lower the land productivity. The regional prices appears to be a function of the interaction between differential natural and economic factors in different regions. 'n Streeksanalise van landbou prysrisiko in Suid-Afrika Regionale uitset/inset prysverskille en variasies is bereken om prys risiko in Suid-Afrika te evalueer. Daar is gevind dat prys onstabiele streke the noodwendig ook hoe risiko streke is nie, want streke met hoer uitset/inset prys verhoudings kan hoer prys variasies beter verwerk. Die gemiddelde waarde van die prys indeks vir die tien top streke is nicer as 3 keer groter as die gemiddeld vir die tien laagste streke. Hoe hoer die pryse van insette relatief tot uiset pryse(hoe lac- die prys verhouding), hoe minder is hulle aanwending per hektaar, en hoe laer die grond produktiwiteit.
    [Show full text]
  • From South Africa
    ZooKeys 936: 1–24 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.936.38587 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Habitat requirements affect genetic variation in three species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa Chantal L. Taylor1, Nigel P. Barker2, Helen M. Barber-James1,3, Martin H. Villet1, Lyndall L. Pereira-da-Conceicoa4 1 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Somerset Street, Makhanda (Grahamstown), 6140, South Africa 2 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa 3 Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Somerset Street, Makhanda (Grahamstown), 6140, South Africa 4 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Chambers Street, EH1 1JF, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Martin H. Villet ([email protected]) Academic editor: B. Price | Received 27 July 2019 | Accepted 4 November 2019 | Published 28 May 2020 http://zoobank.org/39F4538A-E197-47CA-876E-E8F82656E647 Citation: Taylor CL, Barker NP, Barber-James HM, Villet MH, Pereira-da-Conceicoa LL (2020) Habitat requirements affect genetic variation in three species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa. ZooKeys 936: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.936.38587 Abstract This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mi- tochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between the habitat generalist and the two habitat specialists. Afroptilum sudafricanum showed no indication of population genetic structure due to geographic location, while both Demoreptus species revealed clear genetic differentiation between geo- graphic localities and catchments, evident from phylogenetic analyses and high FST values from AMOVA.
    [Show full text]