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An Overview of Tropical Fruit Uses in Florida

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An Overview of Tropical Fruit Uses in Florida nia and elsewhere. Finally, Florida has a large number of Oden, and R. Gruber. 1985. Fresh Market Grapes from Ohio. Ohio Report. curious tourists and enthusiastic growers. This combina 2. Degner, Robert L. 1986. Developing a Market for 'Orlando Seedless' tion may produce an in-state marketing opportunity for Grapes. Greater Grape Symposium Proceedings. Florida grapes. 3. Halbrooks, Mary C. 1987. Bunch Grapes: Another Fruit Crop for Florida. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine. 4. Halbrooks, Mary C. 1986. Grape Grower Survey. Literature Cited 5. Himelick, David G. 1984. Why Consumers Buy Grapes. Fruit Grower. 6. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. 1. Cahoon, G. A., L. G. Anderson, G. R. Passewitz, D. E. Hahn, A. E. 1985. Food Consumption, Prices and Expenditures, 1964-84. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100:408-411. 1987. AN OVERVIEW OF TROPICAL FRUIT USES IN FLORIDA B. A. Campbell of mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana), 15301 SW 269 Terrace lime (Citrus aurantifolia), papaya (Carica papaya), carambola Homestead, FL 33032 (Averrhoa carambola), atemoya (Annona hybrid), lychees (Litchi chinensis), or mamey (Calocarpum sapota) (4). AND People who have grown these less common fruit for J. Smith years use them in many ways, and effort is being made to J. R. Brooks and Son develop new recipes. The black sapote is made into breads, Homestead, FL 33031 ices, and a good mousse. The canistel is also used for breads, pies, and in some countries, dried and powdered and added to milk. Monstera is usually eaten in its natural Abstract. Tropical fruits and vegetables are relatively new on state or used in fruit salad or for jelly. The jackfruit is used the American market, yet worldwide they are the staples of in all stages and in numerous ways by its admirerers. When existence for large population groups. As populations mi green it is used in stews and casseroles (seeds are included); grate, commercial cultivation of these once "native foods" to ripe it is eaten out of hand and used for desserts, and the make them more available in the marketplace has given rise seeds are cooked and eaten. The white sapote is used for to an emerging new industry in South Florida. Secondary mar pudding mixtures or eaten plain. The tamarind is particu ket interests of diversified diets, greater health, and foods to larly useful as a flavoring in curries, as a marinade (mixed improve nutrition have strengthened the "non-native" use of with garlic and honey) for meat, for desserts and candies, tropical fruits and vegetables by the American consumer. for drinks and dried. The passion fruit has an exquisite Traditional and American-adapted methods of preparation, flavor that enhances drinks and punches and makes a fine preservation, and handling of selected fruits and vegetables sherbet or pie; a few seeds are excellent added to a fruit will be discussed. Nutritional information will also be in salad. cluded. Of the last seven fruits the Spanish lime, jabaticaba, and wampee are primarily eaten out of hand and have fine The market potential for unusual tropical fruits ap flavors. The jaboticaba makes a very good jelly or ice but pears to be almost limitless. Produce buyers have discov few people bother to use them in that way. The akee is ered the many fine tropical fruits that we grow in South used in meat dishes in the Caribbean. The akee is toxic in Florida. Now they are seeking the rare and exotic fruits certain stages so care is urged when it is used. I have made for which no market existed just a few years ago. The large a sauce from ambrella (9) and have dried it with success. groups of people living in the U.S. from Thailand, the It makes a high fiber fruit leather for the fiber conscious. Philippines, Latin America and many other countries have The purple mombin is sold dried in much of tropical also increased the demand for ethnic fruits. America and is a good product; however, the ones I dried Some fruits that are presently being grown in South were not (2, 11). Florida and sold in a limited quantity are (Fig. 1): black The produce market of the near future will have a sapote (Diospyros digyna), canistel (Pouteria campechiana), wide selection of many of our lesser known tropical fruits jackfruit (Artocarpus heterphyllus), monstera (Monstera de- as well as the fine fruits that are presently known and liciosa), white sapote (Casimiroa adults), tamarind (Tamarin- purchased by many people. dus indica), and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). The Spanish Of the fruits produced in greater volume, the market lime (Melicocca bijugatus) jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), demand continues to increase, and acreage devoted to purple mombin (Spondias purpurea), akee (Blighia sapida), these crops increases as well. In Florida in 1983, 10,500 ambrella (Spondias dulcis) and wampee (Clausena lansium) acres were planted in avocados, 7,000 acres in limes, 1800 grow well in this area and may become important in the acres in mangoes, 50 acres in carambolas, 30 acres in an- future. nona/atemoyas, 200 acres in papayas, 160 acres in lychees These fruits have a limited market because only small and less than 10 acres planted in longans. amounts have been available, storage and shipping are dif In the fall of 1987 it is estimated that there are in cur ficult, and although they are appreciated by many local rent production 11,500 acres of avocados, 7,000 acres of people they do not have the universal appeal and versatility limes, 2,500 acres of mangoes, 200 acres of carambolas, 20 408 Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100: 1987. A A BBC C C C C C G J K L L M M M M P P P s S T T W W T V 0 R A A A A H u A U Y A A A 0 A A U A U A A A A E 0 N E L N R S A L A B M M C L M N N P S M P G M R T T M C 1 A A A S Y A V 0 Q E H A E G S A S M 0 A A 0 E E 0 A A D B S M A 0 N A U E N Y 0 T Y 1 E T R R R R Y D T F A T B V T T A E G E A 0 L E 1 fc O 0 R 2 E 0 A E R A C T & R N 0 C N C R U A L 0 A A D 0 E L A B F N C S 0 T A R E 0 S N U N G U A T N JAN 1 1 1 1 1 FEB 1 1 1 1 1 MAR 1 APR MAY JUN HCZOOOO 1 JUL 1 1 AUG 1 1 1 SEP 1 1 OCT 1 1 NOV 1 1 1 1 DEC 1 1 1 1 1 TROPICAL FRUIT & VEGETABLE AVAILABILITY CHART This chart has been prepared for use in determining availability of tropicals offered by us throughout the year. Although we've made every effort to make sure the information is accurate, Mother Nature may decide on another schedule. Therefore availability of some items may vary slightly from the timetable listed above. © 1987 J.R. BROOKS & SON, INC. P.O. Drawer 9, Homestead, FL 33090 (305) 247-3544 Fig. 1. acres of annona/atemoyas, 350 acres of papayas, 300 acres tween health status and specific foods. The guidelines do of mameys and 200 acres of lychees (5). recommend increased consumption of all fruits and vege Research continues to increase the market qualities of tables with specific attention to those containing vitamins the cultivars used in these new plantings (3). However, A & C and fiber. Many of the tropical fruits make contribu high prices brought about by high demand and limited tions significant enough to be eaten in accordance to these supplies has limited the accessibility to market groups general recommendations. beyond the ethnic and upper income level shoppers (8). Tropical fruits are currently used in a variety of ways Consumer demand continues to increase. When asked, by the U.S. consumer. There is a wide variety of uses for many consumers reported knowledge of a fruit but had these major fruits both for ethnic groups and "American" never purchased it, perhaps due to limited availability. populations. Of the major produced fruits, mangoes, av Sixty-seven percent of the customers interviewed had not ocados, limes, atemoyas, carambolas, lychees, mameys, the tried kumquats, 74% guavas, 61% passion fruit. Specialty mango contines to have the highest worldwide consump fruits that were not known to most people participating in tion second only to bananas. the survey were mamey sapote, black sapote, and caram- Mangoes are used in the immature state and as ripe bola. Thirty-six percent reported monthly purchase of av fruit. Immature fruit (fruit defined as having a soft seed) ocados, 40% monthly purchase of mangoes and papayas is often pickled and is considered excellent for chutney by (7). Indian groups. Mature, unripe fruit is also pickled, and A Food Marketing Institute consumer study also re can be cooked and stewed much like one would use green ported great interest in nutrition (6). Tropical fruits as a apples. Ripe fruit is a favorite addition to fruit salads. group are low in calories, sodium, and fat, and contain no Avocados are used primarily as a cold ingredient to cholesterol (10, 12) (Table 1).
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