DOCSLIB.ORG

St. John's, Newfoundland, Anglican Parishes, 1877-1909

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
St. John's, Newfoundland, Anglican Parishes, 1877-1909 CLASS AND CONûREGATION= SOCIAL RELATIONS IN TWO ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, ANGLICAN PARISHES, 1877-1909 by Lam BodeColleen Morgan A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fdfhent of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History Memonal University of Newfoundand St. John's National Librafy Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographè Services services bibliographiques 395 welristteet 395, nie Wdlingtori ûttawaON KIAûiü4 OLeewaON KIAW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Li'brary of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire' prêter, distri'buer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film. de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in tbis thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. St Mary's Anglican church was located in the wocking-class West End of St John's, Newfoundand, and St. Thom's in the upper and middle-class East End. In the laie 19th and early 20th centuries, St. Mary's parishioners and congregation shared salleci working-class experience and contacts. In contrast, while St Thomas's parishioners were mainly wodring class, the congregation was dominateci by the bourgeoisie. Secular class differences shaped church developments, and affected parishioners' experience of Victorias and Edwdan AnglicSULism. St. Mary's Lay administration hcluded church wardens and a skilled working and lower middle-class vestry. There was no vestry at St. Thomas's, and the church wardens were seculariy powerfid men. St. Mary's lay administration was more dem~ccatic,whereas St. Thomas's operated on a system of personal authority. St Mary's and St. Thomas's systems of financing were similar, but St. Mary's was more aware of the financial dficulties its parishioners could face. It designed a system to accommodate irregular incomes, and encouraged donations hmevery member of the community. At St. Thomas's, rectors emphasised large personal donations bmthe wealthy. Theologically, St- Mary's was High Church, and St Thomas's Low. St. Thomas's was more affecteci by Ritualism, a Liturgical and architectural revival associated with middle-class consumerism- St Mary's congregation was less interesteci in maloiag their church into a "fashionable" place of worship. Insteaà, the use of locally built items and hand-made gifts showed an aesthetic rooted in community and craft pride. At Si. Thomas's, Victorian bourgeois ideology, which includcd fededomsticity, sbapd parish poor relief. morts to help the prat St. Maryts were morr communai, with les attention to judging the "deservedness" of needy parishioners. Lilrcwise, the most most volunîary associations at St. Thomas's were those with a piesaptivc mandate, especialiy promoting the bourgmis ide& of True WomPnbood and Christian Gentlemen. At St. May's, voluntary associations were community-based and fiatend. In St. John's eady feminism was centred in East End society, and the adivities of St 'Ibomas's women sbowcd îhis inûuenœ. At St Mary's, women had limitecl parochial power and were less ncogaized for theu contributions. TABLE OF CO~S Page Absîract ............................................................................................................................... IIS. List of Tables. .............................................................................................................. ....vi Chapter 1 - Introduction ........................ ............................ .............................................. 1 Chapter 2 - Beyond Institutions and Ciencal Elites: Putthg Social History into the Smdy of Newfoundland's Religious Past ........................ 9 Chapter 3 - "The Rich Man in his Castle": Estabüshing Social Classes for Victorian and Edwardian St. John's ........................... 34 Chapter 4 - Upper-Ciass East End; Workïng-Ciass West End: the Social Status of Parishioners and Congregations at St. Mary's and St. Thomas's Churches, 1880-1905 .................................................................................. -46 Chapter 5 - "Men of Roperty": Social Class, Gender, and Power in Parish Administration and Fi~an~ing......................................................................... .A7 . 5.1 Lay Admuustration ........................................................................................ 71 Chapter 6 ."Members of the Church will ... be WeU Pleased": Theology. Secuiar Aesthetics. and the Ordering of Public Worship, Church Architecture, and Interior Design............. ................... ..................... .................95 6.1 Chmh Music ......... .................. ........... ....................................................... 101 6.2 Choral Services.......... ....,......... ...........t........ ................106 6.3 Architecture and Interior Decotation.. ..................................,.. L Page Chapter 7 -"Succour the Lowly": Cornparhg J?arochïal Approaches to Poor Relief .......................................................... 125 7.1 Direct Relie£ .................................................................................................. 129 7.2 Indirect Relief. ............................................................................................... 137 Chapter 8 -"Not ... an Eneminate Sort of Thhg": Class. Gender. and ChmchSponsored Voluntary Associations .....................................148 8.1 Men's Associations ........................................................................................ 149 Chapter 9 O Conclusion.................*.................................. ... Bibiiography.................................................................................................................. 188 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Middle-Ciass Proper Baptisms. 1880-1905 ......................................... Pg .51 Table 4 Middle-Ciass Proper Subscrïptions. 1880-1905 .................. ..... ...... .P g. 51 Table 5 Table 6 Lower Middle-Ciass Subscriptions. 1880- 1905 .................................. Pg. 55 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Skilled Working-Class Baptisms. 1880-1905 ..................................... .Pg .59 Table 10 Table 11 Unskilled Wodring-Class Baptisms. 1880- 1905 ............................... .P g. 61 Table 12 Unskilled Workiag-Ciass Subscriptions. 1880- 1905 ..........................Pg . 61 Table 13 St. Mary's: Lay Administration by Cîass. 1877- 1904 ....................... ..P g. 75 Table 14 St. Mary's Parish Meetings: Attendance by Class. 18774904............ Pg . 76 Table 15 St. Thomas's: Lay Admimstration by Ciass. 1889-1908 ..................... Pg. 78 Table 16 St. Mary's: Conttibutions O the General Church Fund by Amount, 1890-1905..................................... .............. ............... Pg. 90 Table 17 St. Thomas's: Contributions to the General Church Fund by Awwit, 1890-1905................................................................... 091 Table 18 St. Thomas's Women's Association: Ofncers by Class. 18sCr1904................................................................................... Pg. 142 Table 19 St. Mary's Womn's Home Missionary Association Meetings. Attendance by Ciass. 1880.99 ............... ... .......................... Pg. 171 Many people helped m write tbis thesis. My first tbanks go to the clergy and staff of St. Thomas's and St Mary's Parishes, and St. Mary's archivist Donald Kellami, for ailowing m access to cheu records. A special th& to Newton Morgan. archivist of the Diocese of Eastern Newfou11dIand and Labrador, who helped me immeasurably over the past year. He gave his own tùne to make my work easier, and his stones always brought a smile to my face. 1also want to thanic staff hmMernorial University's Centre for Newfoundland Studies: Anne Hart, Jaaa Ritcey, and Gleoda Dawe for helping me locate sources; Rosernary Heaiy, Swan Hadley, Audrey Cole, and Janet Gates for retrieving thousaods of pounck of books, theses, and bound jomals with gdhumour and efficieacy. Funding hmthe School of Graduate ShKües made this work possible. Special thanks to mmkrs of the AG. Hatcher Mernorial Scholarship Cornmittee. Dr. Hans Rollmam introduced me to the shidy of religion in Newfoundland, and provided continual suppoa Likewise for Dr. Terrence Murphy, who urged me to pursue this work when 1 was unsure what my next educational step wouid be. Almost every member of the History facdty has helped me, either in this pmject or in the course of my undergraduate degree. Special thanks to Professor Thomas Evans, and to Graduate Coordinators 01. Shannon Ryan and Dr. Ralph Pastore. Graduate serninars by Dr. Gregory S. Kealey and Dr. Linda Kealey introduced me to many of the ideas discussed hem Supe~sorDr. J.K. Wer oEered valuab1e suggestions and careful editing, as weli as the Momto purme my own ideas and mthods. Dr. Wüliam Reeves and Dr. Judith Figard read and commented on an earlier version of the thesis. 1want to thank History Department staff members Fian Warzen and Beverley
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download (6MB)
    Library and Bibliotheque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de !'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-33450-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-33450-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a Ia Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I' Internet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve Ia propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits meraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni Ia these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a Ia loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur Ia protection de Ia vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Total of 10 Pages Only May Be Xeroxed
    CENTRE FOR NeWFOUNDLAND STlll>lfS TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED Evangelicalism in the Anglican Church in Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland by Heather Rose Russell A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department ofReligious Studies Memorial University ofNewfoundland November, 2005 St. John's Newfoundland Library and Bibliotheque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de !'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-19393-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-19393-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a Ia Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par !'Internet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve Ia propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni Ia these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Community and the Colonial Church: an Examination of the Church of England’S
    Community and the Colonial Church: An Examination of the Church of England’s Establishment of its First Missions in Southern Labrador, 1848-1876 By Rebecca Faye Ralph A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Religious Studies Memorial University of Newfoundland September 2014 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………….1 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………..3 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………5 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview and Chapter Outline ………………...……………………………………..7 1.2 Historical and Scholarly Context…………………………………………………….11 1.3 Method and Approach ……………………………………………………………….16 Chapter 2: Setting the Stage 2.1 Introduction …………………………………..……………………………………...20 2.2 Environment, Economics and Community: Exploring Mobility and Dependence in Southern Labrador ……………………………………………………………………….21 2.3 Beginnings: British Imperialism and Labrador …………………….………………..23 2.4 The Colonial Context of Labrador …………………………………………………..28 2.5 Battle Harbour and Forteau ………………………………………………………….30 2.6 Conclusion: An Exploited Region and a Neglected People……..…………………...36 Chapter 3: The Church of England and British Imperialism: The Creation of the Labrador Missions 3.1 Introduction: Anglicanism: A Social Organizer with Imperial Power ………………39 3.2 The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel: Financing Imperial Missionaries ……………………………………………………………………………...44 3.3 Tractariansim and the
    [Show full text]
  • St. John's Anglican Cathedral and the Beginnings of Ecclesiological Gothic in Newfoundland
    ANALYSIS I ANALYSE ST. JOHN'S ANGLICAN CATHEDRAL AND THE BEGINNINGS OF ECCLESIOLOGICAL GOTHIC IN NEWFOUNDLAND PETER COFFMAN is currently in the final stages >PETER COFFMAN 1 of a doctorate in the Department of Art at Queen's University in Kingston. He has published on numerous aspects of English medieval and Canadian Gothic Revival architecture. he Anglican cathedral of St. John Tthe Baptist in St. John's, Newfound­ land (fig. 1), is a quintessentially Eng - lish Gothic building of the thirteenth century, built six hundred years later and three thousand miles from England. Notwithstanding its remote location in one of the most impoverished corners of the British Empire, it was designed by the most famous and prolific archi­ tect of Victorian England, George (later Sir George) Gilbert Scott. The existence of such an extraordinary monument in such an unlikely place is due to the con­ vergence of a number of social, religious, economic, and architectural factors that have never received scholarly attention. The goal of this paper is to redress that neglect by examining events leading to and including the cathedral's first build­ ing campaign, which occurred from 1847 to 1850. As late as 1836, there was only one Angli­ can church in the city of St . John's. That church (fig. 2) was an extremely modest affair that would later be described as "a wooden shed of the most monstrous description."2 The process that eventu­ ally led to its replacement by Gilbert Scott's cathedral was triggered by a growing sense of crisis in the Established (i .e.
    [Show full text]
  • “Let There Be No Galleries”: the Encounter of Gothic Sublime with Popular Spirituality in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland
    “Let There Be No Galleries”: The Encounter of Gothic Sublime with Popular Spirituality in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Newfoundland Calvin Hollett Harbour Grace, 27 July 1844 We visited the church . The arrangement of seats is nearly the same as in St. Thomas’s Church in the capital — a block of pews in the middle with a passage on either side and between these passages and the walls and under the galleries two blocks of shorter pews. The galleries occupy 3 sides of the church as in St. John’s. At the east end of the church are two single light windows . leaving a blank space in the centre of the east wall, where the east window is usually found. Immediately against this space and in the centre of it towers the pulpit . This arrangement was in- troduced by the Revd. Mr. Burt, missionary at Harbour Grace . and was carried to all the neighbouring churches. Bareneed, 31 July 1844 The church is small and crowded with galleries and pews of the worst description.1 Such was the internal arrangement of Anglican churches that Bishop Edward Feild encountered upon his arrival in Newfoundland in 1844. Anglicanism, being Protestant, was an aural religion that focused on the spoken word. The pulpit was the central architectural feature in its churches to carry out its principal activity — preaching from the Bible. In order to maximize seating space most churches had galleries, and newfoundland and labrador studies, 34, 1 (2019) 57 1719-1726 Hollett therefore pulpits had to be high so that all eyes could be focused on the speaker delivering the message.
    [Show full text]
  • William Grey: 'Missionary' of Gothic in Newfoundland
    ANALYSIS I ANALYSE WILLIAM GREY: 'MISSIONARY' OF GOTHIC IN NEWFOUNDLAND SHANE O' DEA is a Pr·ofe ssor· in the Englisl1 >SHANE O'DEA AND PETER COFFMAN 1 Department at Memorial Univer·siLy. PETER COFFMAN is an Assistant Professor· in the Department of Art at Queen's Unrver·sity. ne tends to view the Gothic Revival­ Oist as a quaint antiquarian dashing frenetically about the English countryside with a sketchbook and a w hip. The sketch­ book is understandable-the reviva li sts were the most diligent recorders of ancient buildings. The whip? Well it is metaphori­ cal. In recording the old, they judged the new and could be quite savage in their de­ nunciation of buildings that failed to meet their standard. In so doing, they became famous for their dogmatism and pedantry. Even a staunch supporter like the historian E.A . Freeman (1823-1892} was compelled to concede: "The first phase of ecclesiol­ ogy was simple antiquarianism [ ... ] in its theory a mere technical acquaintance with the sacred buildings of a particular age, in its practice a careful reproduction of their features." 2 What this characterization fails to reco­ gnize is that the revivalists were in fact quite modern in their outlook. Both the Oxford Architectura l Society and the Cambridge Camden Society- principal promoters of the Gothic Revival -had developed fairly sophisticated building inventory forms. And among their mem­ bers were those who came to see resto­ ration as the rape of history; who were prepared to use iron as a building mate­ rial; who were among the first to value the vernacular; who saw the relationship between architecture and society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglican Church in Newfoundland: an Exceptional Case?
    The Anglican Church in Newfoundland: An Exceptional Case? By Geoff Peddle Presented for the Degree of PhD Cardiff School of History, Archaeology and Religion December 2011 2 Declaration and Statements DECLARATION This work has not been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of …………………………(insert MCh, MD, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. The views expressed are my own. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 4: PREVIOUSLY APPROVED BAR ON ACCESS I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loans after expiry of a bar on access previously approved by the Academic Standards & Quality Committee. Signed ………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… 3 Summary Statistical trends among the Anglican Churches of Canada, the United States of America and England demonstrate significant patterns of decline not yet apparent in the Anglican Church in Newfoundland. This dissertation sets out to assess the extent to which this resilience is associated with a civic and church structure that has maintained a high level of investment in the social components of religious expression and the more private devotional patterns of Anglican life.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    A PEOPLE REACHING FOR ECSTASY: THE GROWTH OF METHODISM IN NEWFOUNDLAND, 1774-1874 by © Calvin Hollett A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Faculty of Arts Memorial University of Newfoundland August 20,2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47911-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47911-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Growth of the Anglican Church in Newfoundland And
    1 The Origin and Growth of the Anglican Church in Newfoundland and Labrador (Adapted from Bishop Peddle’s Book, The Church Lads’ Brigade in Newfoundland: A People’s Story, Flanker Press, 2016) The Beginning of the Anglican Church The first Europeans to visit Newfoundland and Labrador were probably the Norse around AD10001 although they did not stay for long and it would not be until 1497 with John Cabot’s arrival from Bristol in England that uninterrupted contact with Europe would begin. It would still take another 200 years for permanent European settlement to take hold. Initially, the Europeans were not impressed by the place and deemed Newfoundland and the northern region of Labrador unfit for sustained human habitation and better used as a base for cod fishing in the summer. Sir Humphrey Gilbert declared Newfoundland to be England’s first overseas colony in 1583 but by and large the area was treated as a seasonal fishing ground for sailors who arrived in the spring and left in the fall. The British Crown referred to Newfoundland as a “nursery of seamen” into the 18th Century, implying that its greatest value lay in the training that generations of fishermen received there as preparation for service in the Royal Navy.2 In contrast to other English possessions in North America, Newfoundland did not benefit from the establishment of stable institutions during the 17th and 18th Centuries, and remained underdeveloped socially, economically and politically. The so-called "Western Adventurers," fishermen and merchants from the West Country of England, had argued against permanent settlement in Newfoundland for a variety of reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Clergy in the Diocese of Dunedin 1852-1919 a Biographical Directory of Anglican Clergy Who Served in Otago and Southland Compiled by Michael Blain (2003) 2
    Clergy in the Diocese of Dunedin 1852-1919 a biographical directory of Anglican clergy who served in Otago and Southland Compiled by Michael Blain First edition 2003 Copyright the Reverend Dr. Michael Blain, 2003 Reproduced online with permission at http://anglicanhistory.org Address inquiries to [email protected] Clergy in the Diocese of Dunedin 1852-1919 A biographical directory of Anglican clergy who served in Otago and Southland Compiled by Michael Blain (2003) 2 Introduction This biographical directory features all the Anglican priests who served in the southern regions of the South Island of New Zealand between 1852 and 1919. 1852 marks the licensing of John Fenton the first Anglican priest with pastoral responsibilities in the new town of Dunedin. 1919 marks the retirement of the first bishop of Dunedin, Samuel Tarratt Nevill. Between these two dates some 200 clergy came and went from Otago and Southland, the region served now by the Anglican diocese of Dunedin. All of them here receive attentive research. They prove to be a fascinating group of people, whose backgrounds, careers, and connections offer a unique insight into colonial Otago. George Augustus Selwyn, the bishop of New Zealand (from his appointment on 10 October 1841 to his resignation in May 1869) was the epitome of a missionary—going everywhere fast, staying nowhere long in his efforts to reach everyone in every place. He met the leading colonists and church members in Dunedin in 1848, but had no priest to offer them until after the two dozen ships and chaplains of the Canterbury Association had arrived two years later in Canterbury.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador
    AD ...;; "" . .. l · ·~·· / . •, \ : 'I I; .... .;.~ \ 'f' Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador Editor in Chief Joseph R. S111llllwood P.C. , D.C .L. , LL.D., D . Litt. Managing Editor Robert D. W Pitt H.A.,M.A. Volume One NEWFOUNDLAND BOOK PUBLISHERS (1967) LIMITED @Newfoundland Book Publishers (I 967) Limited First Edition 1981 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador Contents: v.l. A-E. ISBN 0-920508-13-8 (set). -ISBN 0-920508-14-6 (v.1) 1. Newfoundland- Dictionaries and encyclopedias. 2. Labrador- Dictionaries and encyclopedias. I. Smallwood, Joseph R., 1900- II. Pitt, Robert D.W. 1953- FC2154.E52 971.8'003'21 C81-095040-5 F1121.4.E52 Front Endpapers: Giacamo GastaJdi Map, originally engraved from a single wood block that was destroyed by fire in 1557. The map shown was later re-engraved on copper with minor changes from the woodcut. Back Endpapers: J.N. Bellin Map, originally published in 1745, was the official French version of the outline of Newfoundland at that time. Published by Newfoundland Book Publishers (1967) Limited St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Cover and Text design by Vivant Studio Limited (Sheila Cotton) Rose Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada The Economy design by Wayne C. Stockwood and David Tuck St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Production co-ordination by B. Dale Russell FitzPatrick St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Typesetting by General Printers Division of Consolidated Graphics Limited Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Typesetting (The Economy) by Collins Graphics Services Limited St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Printed and bound by John Deyell Company Lindsay, Ontario, Canada All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Total of 10 Pages Only May Be Xeroxed
    CENTRE FC.R. NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Pennission) Resistance to Bishop Edward Feild in Newfoundland 1845-1857 Harbour Buffett: A Case Study by Calvin Hollett, B.A., B.Ed., M.C.S. A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History Memorial University of Newfoundland October 2002 St. John's Newfoundland 11 Abstract This thesis sees religion as a major category of social history. Its focus is the evangelical opposition from 1845 to 1857 to the Tractarianism of Bishop Feild ofthe Church of England. The people of Harbour Buffett, Placentia Bay, and Thomas E. Collett were catalysts in that opposition which echoed back to England, itself. Refusals to pay to the Church Society were not the source of the opposition but merely one avenue of resistance to the theology and practice of Bishop Feild. Bishop Feild introduced Tractarianism to Newfoundland in the context of a robust Roman Catholicism under Bishop Michael Anthony Fleming and a vibrant, expanding Methodism. The latter cooperated with the evangelical Anglicans in the Newfoundland School Society. Feild drove both to toward political collaboration with Roman Catholics in bringing about Responsible Government by pressing for a denominational school system under the control of his clergy, These factors were prominent in Placentia Bay with its expanding economy, population and access to government services. Harbour Buffett was founded out of a desire of a scattered and mobile people, mainly of the evangelical Church of England, to centralize and establish a community with a school and a church.
    [Show full text]