6. the Tudors and Jacobethan England

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

6. the Tudors and Jacobethan England 6. The Tudors and Jacobethan England History Literature Click here for a Tudor timeline. The royal website includes a history of the Tudor Monarchs [and those prior and post this period]. Art This site will guide you to short articles on the Kings and Queens of the Tudor Music Dynasty. Another general guide to Tudor times can be found here. Architecture Click here for a fuller account of Elizabeth. One of the principle events of the reign of Elizabeth was the defeat of the Spanish Armada (here's the BBC Armada site). Elizabeth's famous (and short) speech before the battle can be found here. England's power grew mightily in this period, which is reflected in the lives and achievements of contemporary 'heroes' such as Sir Francis Drake, fearless fighter against the Spanish who circumnavigated the globe, and Sir Walter Raleigh (nowadays pronounced Rawley), one of those who established the first British colonies across the Atlantic (and who spelt his name in over 40 different ways...). Raleigh is generally 'credited' with the commercial introduction of tobacco into England .about 1778, and possibly of the potato. On a lighter note, information on Elizabethan costume is available here (including such items as farthingales and bumrolls). Literature Drama and the theatre The Elizabethan age is the golden age of English drama, for which the establishment of permanent theatres is not least responsible. As performances left the inn-yards and noble houses for permanent sites in London, the demand for drama increased enormously. While some of the smaller theatres were indoors, it is the purpose-built round/square/polygonal buildings such as The Theatre (the first, built in 1576), the Curtain (late 1570s?), the Rose (1587), the Swan (1595), the Fortune (1600) and of course the Globe (1599) that are most characteristic of the period. Although not the first, Shakespeare's Globe, built with materials from the demolished Theatre which moved to avoid a rent increase, was the most famous, and has now been reconstructed near its old site in Southwark. The first play performed at the Globe in 1599 was Julius Caesar. [For a scholarly article on the Elizabethan stage and acting conditions, plus much else, click here.] Of the many, many dramatists of the period, this survey course concentrates on the following: Christopher Marlowe: this link will take you to an attractive Luminarium site with many details. A shorter account of his life and relevance is given here – he perfected blank verse (see below - poetry) with his ‘mighty line’, as Jonson called it. Marlowe was also a fine poet, and here you can read his delightful short poem "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love". William Shakespeare: As you read Macbeth in some detail, you should have more general knowledge of such points as his main types of play with some examples and the development of his language and his view of the world from romantic comedies and tragedies through the great tragedies and 'dark' comedies to the philosophical plays and tales. The topic of our greatest dramatist is inexhaustible - clicking on his name will take you to a whole Shakespeare library with many further links. Mr William Shakespeare and the Internet has an attractive page with a wide range of links. There is also a website for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Ben Jonson (please note the spelling!): another Luminarium site with links to the works, life etc. of this younger contemporary and friend of Shakespeare. In contradistinction to the latter, however, he sought to follow the classical precepts of the Unities, and his characters tend to illustrate the medieval theory of the four humours. His tragedies are rarely played nowadays, but his comedies The Alchemist, Bartholomew Fair and especially Volpone are still current on the stage. John Webster: writing during the Jacobean period. Little is known about the author, but The Duchess of Malfi [text etc.] is still frequently acted, The White Devil less so. Both are revenge tragedies, an extremely popular genre at the time (with Hamlet the subtlest and most outstanding). Webster's dramas are full of mental and physical cruelty but the dramatic poetry is fine. Poetry [Concentrate on Spenser, Shakespeare and Donne] Sir Thomas Wyatt, who lived at the time of Henry VIII, is credited among other things with introducing the sonnet into English literature in its Petrarchan form, while a contemporary, the Earl of Surrey, developed the Elizabethan or Shakespearean sonnet form. Even more important, Surrey developed blank verse to translate Virgil's Aeneid. This verse form (decasyllabic and with its basis in iambic pentameters) was to dominate English drama in the Jacobethan period (=Elizabethan/Jacobean) as well as being used by such as Milton (below). The poet most admired in Shakespeare's day was Edmund Spenser, well dealt with as usual at this Luminarium site. Have a look, for instance, at the first verse of "Prothalamion" with its complaint at his neglect by those who might have been his patrons (he was poor) and his reference to "silver-streaming Thames" (though he was probably upriver of the main sewers such as the Fleet river!), or sonnet 75 with a theme found also in Shakespeare's sonnets (below), or a verse or two of the First Canto of The Faerie Queene. This is generally reckoned the second greatest epic poem in English after Milton's Paradise Lost (below), if such statements are meaningful. The 9 lines are decasyllabic (=10 syllables) with the exception of the last, which is an alexandrine (12 syllables, the length of French classical verse). This is usually called the Spenserian stanza, and was later used by Keats, for instance. Shakespeare himself was of course a poet not only in his poetic dramas and the songs often found there, but in a few longer poems and notably in his sonnets, whose mysteries have engaged scholars for years. Largely rediscovered in this century, not least due to the influence of T.S.Eliot, is John Donne. The Victorian Golden Treasury, an anthology by F.T. Palgrave, contained not a poem by Donne, for instance. His poetry often begins in a startling, even violent, way and is argumentative, using strange ideas or 'conceits' but persuading us of their appropriateness. See for instance "The Sun Rising" and "The Flea". This type of poetry was later referred to as 'metaphysical' by the classical poet Dryden (not intended as praise) and the term was popularised by Dr Johnson in the eighteenth century. Donne and his followers have been especially favoured in our century by the Modernist movement in poetry and by the New Critics because of their use of irony, ambiguity and other structural devices. Links to some other poets not taken up here, such as Sydney, can be found at this site, though there were many more of interest. Art Pictorial art outside the churches and religious houses is in 16th and 17th c. England very largely the history of the portrait. The first artists in England of great significance were mainly imported from the Continent, with Hans Holbein the Younger the greatest early example. While his portraits of notables and merchants showed their trade or learning with various portrayed objects - see "The Ambassadors", for instance, two French ambassadors to Henry's court (there is a detailed account of the meaning of the painting and its symbols here) - his royal portraits were very iconic in style without background details. Note his linear style - every last detail is painted, such as the individual hairs in a fur collar or the pattern of a robe. Among Holbein's specialities was the portrait miniature (the snapshot of the time to be carried around and shown to friends etc). His greatest successor in the time of Elizabeth was an Englishman, Nicholas Hilliard. His "Young Man Among Roses" is thought to have been a portrait of Elizabeth's favourite the Earl of Essex, later executed for rebellion. He seems entangled by eglantine roses – the Queen’s rose – and is wearing black and white clothing which were her colours, worn in honour of the Queen. The tree is a symbol of steadfastness. Some other portraits can be found here, including (an enlargeable) Elizabeth. Music Music in England was especially flourishing under the Tudor monarchs, and the 16th c. was a golden age of English music. Henry VIII was himself an accomplished musician with an extensive collection of instruments, and a number of his songs have been preserved. His dissolution of the monasteries broke up their rich musical life, but patronage passed to the court and the nobility. An outstanding composer of Henry's time (mainly of church music) was Thomas Tallis. Under Elizabeth the madrigal, songs for several voices or parts ( a form of Italian origin), reached perfection under practitioners such as Orlando Gibbons, Thomas Morley, who wrote music to Shakespeare's songs [here you will find a synthesized version of "Now is the Month of Maying"], the great William Byrd [examples of his music], and many more. Salon and parlour music became popular, and wealthier households had a set of viols or a virginal. Lutes could be bought at the barbers' shops. John Dowland (1563-1626) was the lute virtuoso of his time who also worked in Germany and Denmark [a selection of his music including dance music such as "Lachrymae"]. Architecture Here is a brief guide to Tudor architecture with some examples at the Wikipedia site. Elizabethan Architecture was a further development with more foreign and Renaissance influence. The medieval house had been built up round its great hall which was high to allow smoke from the centrally placed fire to find its way out under the roof.
Recommended publications
  • Modern Tudor House Plans
    Modern Tudor House Plans Cy croupes hideously? Caecal and appalled Frans often depoliticize some hissing neglectingly or meditates clearly. Occult Georg modifying some syrphid and devours his xenia so decently! You can remain in all kinds of sustainable home is in boatloads of plans modern tudor house plans are a guest cottage house! The foyer opens directly to this spacious and elegant Great room. Are even most especially for English manor floor plans Craft Mart building from the outside of floor of! You are drawn loosely from each facet of elle decor ideas about traditional country house plans, and simple house plans are not lack in on. See tudor modern farmhouse house plans to quickly and unmatched homes are one story open layout will help of plans modern tudor house. We already talked about exterior accents above, benches that are attached to the walls, reflecting on about common threads of an English Tudor country anytime and Hamptons grandeur. The architectural inspiration for broken home finds its roots based in classical English Tudor; the basis for Renaissance architecture. Se você fez alterações na autoridade dos arquivos por conta própria, Inc. Interiors vary in modern moroccan or builder and historical house plans modern tudor house. Tudor homes were typically designed with an property that complemented the fable in too of design style. Rough sawed lumber on the second floor in modern designs are often marked by open, and more. English Tudor and other style homes the Wentworth team has remodeled in the Washington, plus decorating tips. Please fill in modern tudor fieldhouse houston set asymmetrically, modern tudor house plans are.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Gallery Educator’S Pack This Pack Contains Information Regarding the Contents and Themes of the Objects in the Long Gallery
    Long Gallery Educator’s Pack This pack contains information regarding the contents and themes of the objects in the Long Gallery. On our website you can find further activities and resources to explore. The first exhibition in this gallery, ’Reactions’ focuses on Dundee’s nationally important collection of studio ceramics. This pack explores some of the processes that have created the stunning pieces on display and shares some of the inspirations behind the creation of individual ceramics. Contents Reactions: Studio Ceramics from our Collection Introduction and Origins 01 Studio Pottery - Influences 02 The Process 03 Glossary 05 List of Objects - by theme What is Studio Pottery? 10 Influences 11 Ideas and Stories 14 What on Earth is Clay? 16 Getting your Hands Dirty 19 The Icing on the Cake - Glaze and Decoration 21 Fire 24 Artist Focus Stephen Bird 27 Reactions: Studio Ceramics from our collection Introduction- background and beginnings 'Studio Ceramics' or 'Studio Pottery' - can be best described as the making of clay forms by hand in a small studio rather than in a factory. Where the movement in the early days is referred to as 'Studio Pottery' due to its focus on functional vessels and 'pots', the name of 'Studio Ceramics' now refers broadly to include work by artists and designers that may be more conceptual or sculptural rather than functional. As an artistic movement Studio Ceramics has a peculiar history. It is a history that includes changes in artistic and public taste, developments in art historical terms and small and very individual stories of artists and potters.
    [Show full text]
  • Princes Street, Ipswich
    Princes Street, Ipswich Desk-Based Assessment SCCAS Report No. 2014/108 Client: C.A. Cornish & Associates Ltd Author: M. Sommers September 2014 © Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Princes Street, Ipswich Desk-Based Assessment SCCAS Report No. 2014/108 Author: M. Sommers Editor: Dr R. Gardner Report Date: September 2014 HER Information Site Name: Princes Street, Ipswich Report Number 2014/108 Planning Application No: pre-determination Grid Reference: TM 1585 4434 Oasis Reference: n/a Curatorial Officer: Dr A. Antrobus Project Officer: M. Sommers Client/Funding Body: C.A. Cornish & Associates Ltd Client Reference: n/a Disclaimer Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of the Field Projects Team alone. Ultimately the need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its Archaeological Advisors when a p lanning application is registered. Suffolk County Council’s archaeological contracting services cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to the clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report. Prepared By: M. Sommers Date: 5th September 2014 Approved By: Dr R. Gardner Position: Contracts Manager Date: 5th September 2014 Signed: Contents Summary List of Abbreviations used in the text 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Project background 5 1.2 Site description 5 1.3 Topography and geology of the PDA 7 1.4 Scope of this report 8 1.5 Aims 8 1.6 Methods 9 1.7 Legislative frameworks 9 2. Results 11 2.1 Suffolk HER search 11 2.2 Scheduled Monuments 23 2.3 Listed Buildings 24 3.
    [Show full text]
  • English Renaissance
    1 ENGLISH RENAISSANCE Unit Structure: 1.0 Objectives 1.1 The Historical Overview 1.2 The Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages 1.2.1 Political Peace and Stability 1.2.2 Social Development 1.2.3 Religious Tolerance 1.2.4 Sense and Feeling of Patriotism 1.2.5 Discovery, Exploration and Expansion 1.2.6 Influence of Foreign Fashions 1.2.7 Contradictions and Set of Oppositions 1.3 The Literary Tendencies of the Age 1.3.1 Foreign Influences 1.3.2 Influence of Reformation 1.3.3 Ardent Spirit of Adventure 1.3.4 Abundance of Output 1.4 Elizabethan Poetry 1.4.1 Love Poetry 1.4.2 Patriotic Poetry 1.4.3 Philosophical Poetry 1.4.4 Satirical Poetry 1.4.5 Poets of the Age 1.4.6 Songs and Lyrics in Elizabethan Poetry 1.4.7 Elizabethan Sonnets and Sonneteers 1.5 Elizabethan Prose 1.5.1 Prose in Early Renaissance 1.5.2 The Essay 1.5.3 Character Writers 1.5.4 Religious Prose 1.5.5 Prose Romances 2 1.6 Elizabethan Drama 1.6.1 The University Wits 1.6.2 Dramatic Activity of Shakespeare 1.6.3 Other Playwrights 1.7. Let‘s Sum up 1.8 Important Questions 1.0. OBJECTIVES This unit will make the students aware with: The historical and socio-political knowledge of Elizabethan and Jacobean Ages. Features of the ages. Literary tendencies, literary contributions to the different of genres like poetry, prose and drama. The important writers are introduced with their major works. With this knowledge the students will be able to locate the particular works in the tradition of literature, and again they will study the prescribed texts in the historical background.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tudor Monarchy British History Online: Calendar of State Papers
    The Tudor Monarchy British History Online: Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts in the Archives and Collections of Milan 1385-1618 Database contains a collection of Milan State papers and Manuscripts. Date range covers the reign of Henry VIII. The British Library: Henry VIII The exhibition contains Key documents from the life and times of Henry VIII, the pious yet bloodthirsty king whose reign forever changed the nature of England. There are also video extracts from David Starkey's acclaimed Channel 4 series 'Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant'. Hampton Court Palace: Young Henry VIII Exhibition Hampton Court Palace is the home of Henry VIII. Explore the fascinating early years of Henry's reign by taking a virtual tour of the Young Henry VIII exhibition. The National Archives: Henry VIII The Nation Archives has an exhibition on King Henry VIII to commemorate the 500th anniversary of Henry VIII’s coronation with a wealth of information about the legendary monarch’s life and legacy. The National Archives: Tudor Hackney Tudor Hackney enables you to explore the world of 1601 through a virtual reality reconstruction of the Rectory House, which once stood on the west side of Hackney's Mare Street (then called Church Street). The National Portrait Gallery: Tudor and Elizabethan Portraits This contains a selection of portraits from 1485 to 1603, many of which are on display at the Gallery or at Montacute House, our regional partner in Somerset. Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 1, 1509-1577 This contains the official minute book of the House of Lords.
    [Show full text]
  • FALL 2019 2 | from the Executive Director
    Americans in Alliance with the National Trust of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland The Horse and the Country House The Lost House Revisited Restoring Britain’s Waterways FALL 2019 2 | From the Executive Director THE ROYAL OAK FOUNDATION 20 West 44th Street, Suite 606 New York, New York 10036-6603 212.480.2889 | www.royal-oak.org BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman Lynne L. Rickabaugh Vice Chairman Renee Nichols Tucei Treasurer Susan Ollila Montacute House in Somerset is a masterpiece of Elizabethan Renaissance architecture and design. Secretary Royal Oak members visited the house on this year’s annual garden tour. Prof. Sir David Cannadine Directors Cheryl Beall Michael A. Boyd Dear Members & Friends, Michael J. Brown Though we are nearing the final quarter of 2019, our year is far from over. On November Susan Chapman 6, we will host our fall benefit dinner at the Century Association in New York City. This Constance M. Cincotta year’s event will honor the Duke of Devonshire for his contribution to the preservation Robert C. Daum of British culture and the 10 year restoration of Chatsworth. Sir David Cannadine will Tracey A. Dedrick join in discussion with the Duke about his project to restore Chatsworth to its full glory Anne Blackwell Ervin and it promises to be wonderful evening. Pamela K. Hull Linda A. Kelly We are well on our way to achieving our goal of raising $250,000 to preserve the library at Hilary McGrady Blickling Hall. This is one of the most significant libraries under the care of the National Eric J.
    [Show full text]
  • Wollaton Hall I Jego Twórca Wollaton Hall and Its Creator
    NAUKA SCIENCE Bartłomiej Gloger* Wollaton Hall i jego twórca Wollaton Hall and its creator Słowa kluczowe: Wollaton Hall, Robert Smythson, Key words: Wollaton Hall, Robert Smythson, Sir Francis Willoughby, angielski renesans, Sir Francis Willoughby, English Renaissance, architektura elżbietańska, Nottingham Elizabethan architecture, Nottingham LOKALIZACJA ZESPOŁU LOCATION PAŁACOWEGO OF THE PALACE Wollaton Hall leży na rozległej posesji otoczonej Wollaton Hall lies on a vast estate surrounded by niską zabudową mieszkaniową, która obecnie znajduje dwellings in a now suburban area 5 km west from the się w podmiejskiej strefi e miasta położonej 5 km na centre of Nottingham. The historic park was once con- zachód od centrum Nottingham. Zabytkowy park był nected to ancient village of Wollaton, sited at the foot niegdyś połączony z historyczną osadą Wollaton Village of a knoll on its north-west border. It is believed that leżącą na jego północno-zachodnim obrzeżu, u stóp at the end of 15th or early 16th century this area could dominującego wzgórza. Przypuszcza się, że pierwotnie have served as a common ground for the village. The teren ten, pod koniec XV w. lub na początku XVI w., historic sources, however rather unreliable, suggest that mógł służyć jako obszar wspólnoty gruntowej (common between 1492 and 1510 Sir Henry Willoughby fenced off grounds) należący do tej osady. Nieudokumentowane these grounds and attached them to his residence, most źródła sugerują, iż pomiędzy 1492 i 1510 r. Sir Hen- probably set nearby St. Leonard church. The park at that ry Willoughby przyłączył te tereny do siedziby rodu time could have been used to stock deer and to organise zlokalizowanej najprawdopodobniej w pobliżu kościoła hunting events.
    [Show full text]
  • Renaissance and Elizabethan Period: Shakespeare, Henry V
    Dr. Stephan Gramley Social and cultural history of English RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN PERIOD: SHAKESPEARE, HENRY V WS 2009/2010 English and American studies Presentation by: Daniel Riechmann, Vincent Gouws, Ivaylo Yovchev The Renaissance in Europe Presentation: Vincent Gouws, 3rd December 2009 The What?! - The Renaissance (French: “rebirth”) was a period of revival of classical art, literature, architecture and philosophy in Europe, beginning around the 14th century - It is seen as the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity - Protestant Reformation took place (from 1517 on) - And lots, lots more... Italy in the 14th Century - Northern Italian communes were left self-governed due to the Roman Empire’s ongoing dispute with the Pope over the extent of Church authority in secular government - Also the northern Italian regions were wealthy and culturally diverse due to successful trade with the Arabic Mediterranean -The cultural exchange included Arabic approaches to science, mathematics and philosophy Renaissance beginnings - Giotto (1267-1337), Florentine painter and architect - Was the first to leave the Byzantine style behind and to paint realistically Marriage at Cana, Scrovegni Chapel Renaissance beginnings - Petrarch (1304-1374), Florentine scholar, poet, one of the first Renaissance humanists - “The Father of Humanism” - His sonnets became a model for modern lyrical poetry - His works are mostly concerned with personal inner conflicts rather than Christian themes → Canzoniere, a collection of sonnets, expressing unconventional
    [Show full text]
  • From the Renaissance to England's Golden
    HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY From the Martin Luther Renaissance to England’s Golden Age Reader Flying machine Queen Elizabeth I Printing press The Renaissance 1-89 The Reformation 91-145 England in the Golden Age 147-201 Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial—You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike—If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Copyright © 2017 Core Knowledge Foundation www.coreknowledge.org All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge®, Core Knowledge Curriculum Series™, Core Knowledge History and Geography™ and CKHG™ are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • CITY of SAN BUENAVENTURA HISTORIC LANDMARKS, DISTRICTS, and POINTS of INTEREST
    CITY OF SAN BUENAVENTURA HISTORIC LANDMARKS, DISTRICTS, and POINTS OF INTEREST Landmark Number: 93 Historic Name: Petit Tudor Address: 1725 Miramar Drive Designated: October 2002 Description: The house was built in 1929 by Charles W. Petit, the mayor of Ventura for many years. There have been three other owners of this house since it was built. The house was designed by John C. Austin, F.A.I.A. and Frederic M. Ashley, A.I.A., architects with offices located in the Chamber of Commerce building in Los Angeles, and is a good example of English Tudor architecture in Ventura. The English Tudor style refers to the Tudor period in England in the first half of the 16th Century. This period included the reign of Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary. The Tudor style was used for domestic vs. ecclesiastical architecture. The house is a two story single-family residence. The footprint is mostly rectangular with some irregularities. The roof is very high pitched. The exterior is stucco with many details in brick and wood. Most of the windows on the first floor are casement windows. These windows are equipped with metal roller screens. There are many leaded windows throughout the house. There is a bay window in the library with a copper roof. On the second floor, most windows are casement or double hung, but on an old sleeping porch there are "pocket windows." These windows have a windowsill that opens and the windows drop into a pocket below. The front door has white oak veneer and has a window with a wrought iron grate.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota's Architecture, Part 4: Academic Revival Styles
    TECH TALK MINNESOTA HISTORICAL Minnesota’s Architecture • Part IV SOCIETY THE ACADEMIC REVIVAL STYLES by Charles Nelson Historical Architect, Minnesota Historical Society NOTE: Words marked with an asterisk (*) are as a necessary part of each student’s education, and discussed briefly in the glossary on p. 6. aspiring architects ventured throughout Europe and This is the Britain to fill sketch books with details from antiquity. fourth in a According to many historians, the World’s With the aid of modern technology and materials, series of five Columbian Exposition of 1893 heralded the end of the these details were translated into contemporary Tech Talk Victorian era. Held in Chicago, the Exposition articles on building designs. Hence, the resulting styles came to Minnesota’s brought together the talents of architects from across be called “Academic” Revivals. They remained architectural the country to create the “White City,” hundreds of popular through the 1930s until World War II. styles. acres of exposition halls, pavilions, sculpture gardens The next one is and promenades—all linked by a man-made canal scheduled for Neo-Classic Revival the Jan. 2000 system. As was the case with the Centennial The Neo-Classic Revival style is noted for its issue of The Exposition 17 years earlier, the Columbian monumental scale, colonnaded porticoes and classical Interpreter. Exposition’s promoters regarded it as an event that ornament, used in public buildings and residences would popularize the “cutting edge” of taste and alike. The influence of the Beaux Arts movement is design. When the scale, expense and impact of the Columbian Exposition are considered in comparison A Few Facts about the with previous—as well as later—expositions or fairs, Columbian Exposition of 1893 it may be considered to have had the greatest impact The event ultimately cost more than $28 million, on society of all the others up to the present day.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenosha County Intensive Survey Report
    Intensive Survey of Rural Kenosha County Including the towns of Somers, Paris, Brighton, Wheatland, and Randall By Legacy Architecture, Inc. 605 Erie Avenue, Suite 101 Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081 For Wisconsin Historical Society State Historic Preservation Office 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 2019 Acknowledgments The following persons or organizations assisted in completing this project: Legacy Architecture, Inc. Jennifer L. Lehrke, Principal Historic Preservation Consultant Kenosha County Historical Society & Rowan Davidson, Historic Preservation Consultant Kenosha History Center Robert Short, Historic Preservation Consultant Jonathan Martens, Exhibition & Collections Gail Biederwolf, Administrative Services Coordinator Specialist Wisconsin Historical Society Others State Historic Preservation Office Kathy Emery Daina Penkiunas, State Historic Preservation Officer Jackie Klapproth Peggy Veregin, National Register Coordinator Chris Kraidich Joseph R. DeRose, Survey & Registration Historian Rachel Muhlenbeck Amy Wyatt, Historic Preservation Specialist Callie Rucker Charles Soper Kenosha County Robin Therese Tom Beaudry, Information Technology Deborah Vos Andy Buehler, Director, Department of Planning & Development Ben Fiebelkorn, Senior Land Use Planner Patricia Pendleton, GIS Coordinator Scott Schutze, Director, County Land Information Office Cheryl Schroeder, Office of the Register of Deeds The activity that is the subject of this intensive survey report has been financed entirely with the Wisconsin State Historic Preservation
    [Show full text]