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Libro Manejo De Plagas En Trigo Y Cebada C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Manejo de plagas en trigo y cebada Adela Ribeiro • Horacio Silva • Silvana Abbate Manejo de plagas en trigo y cebada bibliotecaplural La publicación de este libro fue realizada con el apoyo de la Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (csic) de la Universidad de la República. Los libros publicados en la presente colección han sido evaluados por académicos de reconocida trayectoria, en las temáticas respectivas. La Subcomisión de Apoyo a Publicaciones de la csic, integrada por Luis Bértola, Carlos Demasi, Fernando Miranda y Liliana Carmona, ha sido la encargada de recomendar los evaluadores para la convocatoria 2013. © Adela Ribeiro, Horacio Silva, Silvana Abbate, 2013 © Universidad de la República, 2014 Ediciones universitarias, Unidad de Comunicación de la Universidad de la República (ucur) 18 de Julio 1824 (Facultad de Derecho, subsuelo Eduardo Acevedo) Montevideo, cp 11200, Uruguay Tels.: (+598) 2408 5714 - (+598) 2408 2906 Telefax: (+598) 2409 7720 Correo electrónico: <[email protected]> <www.universidad.edu.uy/bibliotecas/dpto_publicaciones.htm> isbn: 978-9974-0-1138-0 Contenido Presentación de la Colección Biblioteca Plural, Rodrigo Arocena ........................9 Introducción .............................................................................................................................................................11 Insectos del suelo ................................................................................................................................................13 Isocas ..........................................................................................................................................................13 Diloboderus abderus (Sturm) ............................................................................................14 Cyclocephala signaticollis (Burmeister)......................................................................17 Muestreo de isocas ................................................................................................................19 Umbrales de daño ...................................................................................................................20 Enemigos naturales ................................................................................................................21 Control ...........................................................................................................................................22 Gorgojos del suelo .............................................................................................................................23 Descripción (varias especies) ..........................................................................................23 Ciclo .................................................................................................................................................24 Daños ..............................................................................................................................................25 Muestreo .......................................................................................................................................25 Enemigos naturales ................................................................................................................25 Control ...........................................................................................................................................25 Gusanos de alambre ..........................................................................................................................25 Pulgones .......................................................................................................................................................................27 Descripción general ..........................................................................................................................28 Ciclo ............................................................................................................................................................28 Daños ..........................................................................................................................................................28 Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (pulgón verde de los cereales) ...........29 Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (pulgón de la hoja, pulgón amarillo de los cereales) ........................................30 Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (pulgón de la espiga) ..............................................30 Sipha maydis (Passerini) (pulgón negro de los cereales) .............................31 Rhopalosiphum padi (Linneo) ........................................................................................31 Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (pulgón de la raíz) ....................31 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (pulgón del maíz) .............................................32 Enemigos naturales ...........................................................................................................................32 Parasitoides .................................................................................................................................32 Entomopatógenos ...................................................................................................................33 Predadores ...................................................................................................................................33 Control ......................................................................................................................................................34 Lepidópteros..............................................................................................................................................................37 Pseudaletia adultera (Schaus) .....................................................................................................37 Descripción y biología .......................................................................................................37 Ciclo estacional ........................................................................................................................39 Hospederos ................................................................................................................................40 Daños ..............................................................................................................................................40 Enemigos naturales ................................................................................................................41 Faronta albilinea (Hübner) ..........................................................................................................43 Descripción y biología ........................................................................................................43 Hospederos ................................................................................................................................44 Daños ..............................................................................................................................................45 Enemigos naturales ................................................................................................................45 Muestreo y umbrales de daño económico .........................................................................46 Control ......................................................................................................................................................46 Bibliografía ....................................................................................................................................................................49 Presentación de la Colección Biblioteca Plural La universidad promueve la investigación en todas las áreas del conocimien- to. Esa investigación constituye una dimensión relevante de la creación cultural, un componente insoslayable de la enseñanza superior, un aporte potencialmente fundamental para la mejora de la calidad de vida individual y colectiva. La enseñanza universitaria se define como educación en un ambiente de creación. Estudien con espíritu de investigación: ese es uno de los mejores con- sejos que los profesores podemos darles a los estudiantes, sobre todo si se re- fleja en nuestra labor docente cotidiana. Aprender es ante todo desarrollar las capacidades para resolver problemas, usando el conocimiento existente, adap- tándolo y aun transformándolo. Para eso hay que estudiar en profundidad, cues- tionando sin temor pero con rigor, sin olvidar que la transformación del saber solo tiene lugar cuando la crítica va acompañada de nuevas propuestas. Eso es lo propio de la investigación. Por eso la mayor revolución en la larga historia de la universidad fue la que se definió por el propósito de vincular enseñanza e investigación. Dicha revolución no solo abrió caminos nuevos para la enseñanza activa sino que convirtió a las universidades en sedes mayores de la investigación, pues en ellas se multiplican los encuentros de investigadores eruditos y fogueados con jóvenes estudiosos e iconoclastas. Esa conjunción, tan conflictiva como crea- tiva, signa la expansión de todas las áreas del conocimiento. Las capacidades para comprender y transformar el mundo suelen conocer avances mayores en los terrenos de encuentro entre disciplinas diferentes. Ello realza el papel en la investigación de
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