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Caracterización Biológica Del Molusco Protegido Patella Ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): Bases Para Su Gestión Y Conservación

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Caracterización Biológica Del Molusco Protegido Patella Ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): Bases Para Su Gestión Y Conservación CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DEL MOLUSCO PROTEGIDO PATELLA FERRUGINEA GMELIN, 1791 (GASTROPODA: PATELLIDAE): BASES PARA SU GESTIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN. LABORATORIO DE BIOLOGÍA MARINA- UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA Free Espinosa Torre D. JOSÉ MANUEL GUERRA GARCÍA, PROFESOR AYUDANTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGÍA Y ZOOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA, D. DARREN FA, SUBDIRECTOR DEL ‘GIBRALTAR MUSEUM’ Y D. JOSÉ CARLOS GARCÍA GÓMEZ, PROFESOR TITULAR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGÍA Y ZOOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA CERTIFICAN QUE: D. FREE ESPINOSA TORRE, licenciado en Biología, ha realizado bajo su dirección y en el Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología de la Universidad de Sevilla, la memoria titulada “Caracterización biológica del molusco protegido Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Patellidae): bases para su gestión y conservación”, reuniendo el mismo las condiciones necesarias para optar al grado de doctor. Sevilla, 24 de octubre de 2005 Vº Bº de los directores: Fdo. José Manuel Guerra García Fdo. Darren Fa Fdo. José Carlos García Gómez El interesado: Fdo. Free Espinosa Torre A toda mi familia “Ingenuity and inventiveness in the development of methods have been very successful in finding ways to extract signals from the intrinsic noise of the system.” A. J. UNDERWOOD “Patella ferruginea lineis pullis angulatis undulative cingulique albis picta intus lactea; itriis elevatis nodolis, margine plicato.” GMELIN, 1791 AGRADECIMIENTOS Resulta extraño escribir estas líneas después de todo este tiempo, ya que representa el final de un trabajo que no hubiera sido posible sin la ayuda de todas las personas que a continuación citaré, pido disculpas de antemano si olvidase a alguien, espero que sepa perdonarme. En primer lugar quisiera agradecer a mis directores de tesis José Manuel Guerra García, Darren Fa y José Carlos García Gómez por haberme ayudado a completar este camino, dándome primero la oportunidad de realizar esta tesis y apoyándome en todo momento durante su desarrollo y por ser además unos buenos amigos. A todos mis compañeros (profesores y becarios) del Laboratorio de Biología Marina, por su inestimable ayuda en todo momento, sin la cual esta tesis no hubiera sido posible: a Carlos María, que aparte de haber sido el artífice de mi entrada en el Laboratorio fue con el que me introduje en las famosas “campañas ceutíes” muestreando erizos, siempre dispuesto a solucionar dudas taxonómicas. A Juan Corzo, auténtico guerrillero del frente, con el que inicié los muestreos de mi tesis, allá por marzo de 2002, con su famoso Land Rover y con Javi Sánchez. A Paco, al que casi arruino el físico electrocutándolo poniendo las dichosas jaulas “pa las lapitas”, por no haber perdido nunca la fe, espero que seas el siguiente. Sin tu disposición para ayudar y tus “gestiones” el laboratorio no sería el mismo. A Emilio, por solventar mis continuas dudas estadísticas y taxonómicas estoicamente, sin tu sapiencia con los “bichos” las claves de identificación serían insalvables. Especial mención para Joaquín, sin el cual el laboratorio sencillamente no funcionaría, tus continuas luchas con la OGICYT para que la logística no fallara han permitido el normal desarrollo de este trabajo, aunque sigue sin quedarme claro el concepto de la “caja B”. A Roi y Manu, los auténticos “makeihan”, ellos son prácticamente coautores de este trabajo, sin su ayuda con el traslado de los ejemplares en esas interminables campañas de la primavera de 2003, así como en la mayoría de muestreos de la tesis, no lo habría finalizado. Espero que perdonéis el haberos puesto en peligro más de una vez, con esa zodiac de 3,80 medio llena de agua y luchando contra los temporales ceutíes cuando los del Servicio Marítimo de la Guardia Civil nos preguntaban que a dónde pretendíamos ir. Nunca olvidaré el comentario de Manu “¿es que aquí no hay límite?”, cuando la lancha terminó volcando y aplastándolo contra una roca en medio de un temporal, menos mal que el traje se llevó lo peor. Por no mencionar los metros cuadrados de piel que nos dejamos en las escolleras y rocas de Ceuta, cuando el pie perdía contacto y el golpe era irremediable, creo que allí Roi comprendió que las chanclas de ducha no sirven para hacer la cabra por las piedras de la costa. A Aurora Ruiz, que también sabe lo qué es Ceuta, todavía me acuerdo de los raspados con las linternas a la una de la madrugada en el Desnarigado, tras lo cual tuvimos que explicar a la Guardia Civil que en realidad eramos científicos de la Universidad de Sevilla y no traficantes de hachís pasando material furtivamente. A Rafa, el “jefe de voluntarios” y gran cetólogo, a veces convertido en gran separador. A Isa, siempre animando el ambiente de la 7, ánimo con la tesis que ya la tienes casi lista. También agradecer al resto de compañeros como son Ismael alias “el McGyver de Torreblanca”, que es capaz de desarrollar trineos de arrastre para muestrear con cuatro piezas, a Inés, ya doctora, suerte con el futuro y a Paco García por dejarme cacharrear con la cámara fría metiendo acuarios llenos de lapas. También a Liliana, por poner una sonrisa en el laboratorio y a Paco Rodríguez por su ayuda informática. Gracias a todos por crear el mejor ambiente de trabajo posible, sinceramente no creo que haya muchos sitios iguales. Fuera del laboratorio pero todavía en la facultad, me gustaría agradecer a los compañeros del Departamento de Ecología: Antonio, Alfredo y Jero por solventar numerosas dudas en forma de “colaboraciones interdepartamentales” y por ser unos grandes amigos, al igual que a Rorro, por su asesoramiento en temas estadísticos y doctorales, espero que podamos seguir esas disquisiciones sobre los comentarios de Underwood acerca del ANOVA. Agradezco a Inmaculada Domínguez del Departamento de Biología Celular su ayuda inicial con unas “tinciones” que terminó por convertirse en una colaboración sin la cual los aspectos citológicos de esta tesis no hubieran podido realizarse, espero que podamos publicar el artículo. Ya fuera de la facultad me gustaría agradecer la ayuda de José Martín y Teresa Gómez del Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa de la Facultad de Matemáticas por su ayuda con el tenebroso mundo de la estadística y las ecuaciones diferenciales y por haber plasmado la idea original. También a Konstantin Levinsky y a Asunción Fernández, del Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación de la Universidad de Sevilla por su ayuda con el increible mundo de la microscopía. Fuera de Sevilla me gustaría agradecer a todo el personal ceutí por su apoyo, bromas y manera de entender la vida. A Babarín y Juan “el Mona” por ser los dos personajes más increibles de Ceuta, sin su continuo apoyo muchas campañas no hubieran sido posibles y todas habrían sido mucho más aburridas. A Ángela, por actuar de “diferencial” en la colocación de las jaulas y su ayuda en muchos muestreos, ahora te toca a ti continuar, mucha suerte en el inicio de tu tesis, no sabes bien dónde te metes. A Pepe Templado por haber contado conmigo desde el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC) en el tema de Patella ferruginea, y por haberme resuelto dudas taxonómicas y de otro tipo, a la vez que proporcionarme bibliografía. También agradezco a Marta y Annie su disposición para poder coordinarnos entre el Museo y nuestro laboratorio. Mencionar así mismo la oportunidad que me ofreció la Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía-Egmasa para poder ir a la isla de Alborán a recoger muestras; y a Diego Moreno por coordinar todo el proceso. Por otra parte agradecer también al Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales la posibilidad de ir a las islas Chafarinas para recoger material. En el extranjero me gustaría agradecer al Dr. Gudmundur Vidir Helgason y a todo el personal del Sandgerdi Marine Centre por su hospitalidad durante el mes que pasé en Islandia muestreando intermareales, así como al programa “Improving Human Potential: Access to Research Infrastructure” (IHP/ARI) de la Unión Europea que hizo posible esa estancia. A Andy Caballero de la “Nature Foundation” de St. Maarten por acogerme en esa diminuta isla del Caribe durante dos meses y poder estudiar los intermareales tropicales, fue toda una experiencia. Finalmente al profesor Tomowo Ozawa de la Universidad de Nagoya, por permitirme pasar dos meses en Japón llevando a cabo la parte genética de la tesis, así como al Dr. Seiji Hayashi, Tomoyuki Nakano y Maiko Iwabu, por ayudarme en el laboratorio y hacer más agradable mi estancia, así como enseñarme la cultura japonesa. Ánimo “Tomo”, ¡ya casi tienes lista la tesis! A todos mis amigos, tanto de Sevilla como al “klan” de Santiago de Compostela, por haber convertido muchos momentos en memorables. Finalmente agradecer a toda mi familia su apoyo incondicional, que me ha permitido llegar hasta aquí, gracias Fátima, por tus traducciones de muchos artículos en francés. A Laura, por haber soportado con una sonrisa unas, y con lágrimas otras, mis continuas ausencias de Sevilla. Gracias por haber estado siempre ahí, por tu ayuda en muchos muestreos (me acuerdo de tu cara pesando lapas y sacándoles las gónadas), por tus comentarios en la redacción final de la tesis y por ser como eres. Esta tesis es tan tuya como mía. Quiero hacer extensivo mi agradecimiento a la Autoridad Portuaria de Ceuta por financiar este trabajo, así como al personal del Parque del Mediterráneo de Ceuta, por su colaboración. Igualmente agradezco a la Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta su apoyo a nuestra labor investigadora, especialmente el interés mostrado por José Luis Ruiz y Javier Martínez, biólogos de Obimasa. Al Ministerio de Educación y Cultura por permitirme realizar este trabajo ofreciéndome una beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) con el código AP-3556-2001, y por financiar dos estancias en el extranjero.
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