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Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–Saturday 106Th Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Millennium Hotel, St Poster Session Abstracts POSTERS–Saturday 106th Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Millennium Hotel, St. Louis, Missouri All posters are displayed in the Poster Hall, located in the Illinois/Missouri/Meramac rooms. The number in parentheses ( ) preceding the poster title corresponds to the location of the poster within the Poster Hall. Presenting authors are denoted by an asterisk (*). (42) Rheological Properties of Water-soluble Crop Physiology/Physiology: Polysaccharide in Peach Gum from Cross-Commodity Almond (Prunus dulcis) Saturday, 25 July 2009 12:00–12:45 pm Sen Wang Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; wangq- (41) Growth and Salinity Tolerance of Zinnia elegans [email protected] When Irrigated with Wastewater from Two Distinct Lin Zhang Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Huann 410004; Growing Regions in California [email protected] Christy T. Carter* Deyi Yuan* Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN; [email protected] Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; yuan- Catherine Grieve [email protected] U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA; [email protected] Qiuping Zhong Using recycled greenhouse effluents to irrigate salt-tolerant floral crops Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; wangq- provides an economic and environmental benefit for growers. Produc- [email protected] ers are able to reduce their direct use of high quality water for certain Yina Li crops and simultaneously reduce or prevent groundwater contamina- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; wangq- tion. We selected Zinnia elegans as a potential salt-tolerant crop for [email protected] use in a recycled greenhouse system based on the known hardiness of The rheological properties of water-soluble polysaccharide in peach its wild relatives and because of its economic value to the floriculture gum from almond (Prunus dulcis) were studied in this paper in order industry. Using a completely randomized design of three replicates to provide more scientific technical parameters and references for with ten plants each, we exposed two Zinnia cultivars (Benary’s Giant developing peach gum as a kind of medicinal gum. This study was Golden Yellow and Benary’s Giant Salmon Rose) to increasing irriga- conducted on different material rates, temperatures, shaking times, tion water salinities with electrical conductivities (EC) of 2.0 (control), pH values, and salinities, respectively. The mathematical model of -1 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 dS·m , and two ionic water compositions that shear rate with material rate and shear stress was Y = 0.069X12 + simulated dilutions of sea water (typical of well-waters or degraded 0.035X2 – 1.174, R2 = 0.942. The mathematical model of shear rate waters in coastal growing regions) and concentrations of Colorado with temperature and shear stress was Y = 4.936X12 + 0.0232X2-1.688, River water (typical of tailwaters present in the inland valley areas of R2 = 0.937. The mathematical model of shear rate with shaking time + - 2+ 2+ + Southern California). We determined Na , Cl , Mg , Ca , K , total-P, and shear stress was Y = 0.005192X13-0.14073X12 + 1.249045X1 and total-S concentrations in leaves. Stem length, stem diameter, in- + 0.036546X2 – 3.64429, R2 =0.9543. The effects of pH value on the florescence diameter, ray length, plant weight, number of leaves, and rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum were compara- time to flower were measured at harvest. Ion and morphological data tively complicated with a varying range of 3~11 and the shear rate for each cultivar were analyzed with a two-way fixed-effects GLM showed a change trend of saddle model. The mathematical model of ANOVA and a Tukey’s post-hoc procedure was used to determine shear rate with the concentration of NaCl and shear stress was Y = differences between individual means. Both cultivars showed similar –0.03744X1+ 0.01293X2, R2 = 0.998. The mathematical model of trends with respect to ion accumulation in leaves as concentrations shear rate with the concentration of CaCl2 and shear stress was Y = 2+ + - 2+ + of Mg , Na , Cl and total-S tended to increase and Ca , K , and 0.025789X1 + 0.01619X2, R2 = 0.999. The mathematical model of total-P tended to decrease as salinity of the irrigation water increased. shear rate with the concentration of sorbic acid potassium and shear 2+ Significant two-way interactions were found for Mg (P < 0.001), stress was Y = 0.0795X1 + 0.0173X2, R2 = 0.998. In sum, the mate- + - K (P < 0.0001), Cl (P < 0.01), total-P (P < 0.05), and total-S rial rates, temperatures, shaking times, and pH values significantly (P < 0.01) for “Salmon Rose”. Significant two-way interactions were affected the rheological properties in the supernatant of peach gum. found for Mg2+ (P < 0.0001), K+ (P < 0.0001), Cl- (P < 0.01), and The concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 also significantly affected total-S (P < 0.001) for ‘Golden Yellow’. Morphological features of both the rheological properties expect the concentration of sorbic acid cultivars decreased as salinity increased in the irrigation solutions for potassium. both water types. A minimum stem length (45 cm) and inflorescence diameter (approximating 8 cm) were found at the highest salinity, in- Specified Source(s) of Funding: Scientific Research Fund of Hunan dicating that marketable flowers can be produced with saline irrigation Provincial Education Department (08C929) waters at least as high as 10 dS·m-1. HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 44(4), JULY 2009 1083 (43) Oleocellosis Damage of Fruitlets in (45) Pollination and Growth Regulators on Late Season Mechanical Harvested Productivity of Olive Tree Under Dessert ‘Valencia’ Trees Does Not Affect Fruit Quality Conditions in México Juan Carlos Melgar* Raul Grijalva-Contreras* Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake INIFAP, Caborca Sonora 83600; [email protected] Alfred, FL; [email protected]fl.edu R. Macias Duarte INIFAP, Caborca Sonora 83600; [email protected] Jill Dunlop Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake A. Lopez Carvajal Alfred, FL; [email protected]fl.edu INIFAP, Caborca Sonora 83600; [email protected] Fabián Robles Contreras James P. Syvertsen INIFAP, Caborca Sonora 83600; [email protected] Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL; [email protected]fl.edu M.J. Valenzuela Ruiz INIFAP, Caborca Sonora 83600; [email protected] Oleocellosis or oil spotting of citrus fruit, is a common injury on the F. Nuñez Ramirez flavedo caused by mechanical damage during harvesting and han- ICA-UABC, Caborca, Sonora; [email protected] dling. Physical injury of oil glands of the peel allows the phytotoxic oil to injure the surrounding cells. Using ‘Valencia’ orange trees, we Olive production in the world reaches an annual average about of 12 evaluated the effects of winter time drought stress and late season million tons, of which 90% is for oil use and the rest for table olives. mechanical harvesting (MH) with a canopy shaker on oleocellosis of In Caborca, Sonora, however, 90% of the production is used for table green fruitlets of next year’s crop. MH removed about 20% to 50% of olives for the U.S. market. In this research we compared the effect of fruitlets depending on previous drought stress treatments and harvest- artificial pollination and growth regulator Bioforte on the Manzanillo ing date. Beginning one week after harvesting (13 June), oleocellosis cultivar. There were two applications of pollen, the first on 3 April at injury was evaluated on 240 fruitlets based on visual estimations of doses of 30 g·ha-1, when there was 15% flowering and the second on the percentage of surface injured. Tagged fruit were evaluated about 5 April at doses of 40 g·ha-1 when flowering was at 80%. The pollen every other month until late season harvest in May. In April, mature used was ‘Sevillano’. The Bioforte treatment was applied before flow- fruit quality including fruit size, juice content (%), total soluble solids ering (March 29) and was applied using 0.2%. The pollen application (°Brix) and acidity, was not affected by previous drought stress treat- increased statistically the olives yield, obtaining an average yield ments. Fruit surface injury decreased as fruit expanded and injuries of 2464 kg·ha-1 vs. 1273 kg·ha-1 in the control trees. The increased healed but blemishes did not disappear. Thus, fruitlet oleocellosis in yield when we applied pollen on olive tree ‘Manzanillo’ was of 94%. late season mechanical harvested trees did not increase fruitlet drop However, the Bioforte application did not affected yield. Fruit quality nor alter fruit quality. such as weight, diameter, length of the olive, as well as the pulp–pit relationship, had no statistical differences in pollination or by the ap- Specified Source(s) of Funding: University of Florida/IFAS plication of Bioforte. (44) Phloem Development in Sweet Specified Source(s) of Funding: INIFAP Orange Pedicels (46) Comparison of Commercial Sunburn Libia Laskowski* Protection Products Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara; Ines Hanrahan* [email protected] WTFRC, Wenatchee, WA; [email protected] Phloem development in the pedicel determines the contribution of Tory R. Schmidt assimilated to the fruit, limiting its growth, nevertheless the related Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA; histological information
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