A Collaborative Approach to Advancing In-Vehicle Connectivity

Rick Wietfeldt, Ph.D. Director, MIPI Alliance Board of Directors Sr. Director Technology, Qualcomm

19 November 2020

• About MIPI Alliance • Automotive Industry Need • MIPI Automotive SerDes Solutions (MASSSM) and MIPI A-PHYSM • Summary

Contributor Members Board Members

Security Automotive SIM, Secure Element

Memory, Storage Displays Telecommunications

Storage Connectivity Automotive

• Semiconductor & ecosystem companies reuse assets (IP) to lower NRE/costs, including reuse of interface protocols – Making any interface change is difficult and costly. MIPI CSI, DSI, Backward compatibility is key. I3C, RFFE ... • Leading examples of evolution… reuse/extend: – USB: 1996+: USB 1, … USB 4 (adds DP, PCIe) … – SD: 1999+: SD, … SD v7 (adds PCIe) … – PCIe 2003+: PCIe Gen 1, … Gen 5, Gen 6 WIP – CSI-2 2005+: CSI-2 v1, … CSI-2 v3, … CSI-2 v4 WIP • Leverage includes cross-SDO cooperation: – USB4 adds DP & PCIe support; SD7 adds PCIe support • Evolution focuses on improving USB PCIe, DP UART Ethernet performance & reliability I2C I2CMIPI I3C – Encoding, equalization, error control, modulation DP … … – Functional safety and security CANbus Ethernet …

CSI-2SM I3C® Camera Serial Interface protocol Control and data bus protocol and Protocol for cameras, lidar, radar interface sensors Sensor and general-purpose data and control interface within a module DSI-2SM Display Serial Interface protocol RFFESM Protocol for smartphone, IOT and RF control protocol automotive displays Front-end control within a wireless module

C-PHYSM SoundWire® & SWI3SSM 3-phase physical layer for CSI-2 Digital audio and control interface & DSI-2 Audio interface within a module Short-reach physical layer for cameras and displays UniPro® for JEDEC UFS Data transport protocol for UFS over M- Cameras, displays, audio, sensors, storage, RFFE for 5G, D-PHYSM PHY Transport protocol for UFS storage Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC Differential physical layer for CSI-2 & DSI-2 M-PHY® for JEDEC UFS Reuse & extend well-proven protocols == reduced NRE/cost Short-reach physical layer for cameras and displays Differential physical layer for UFS storage Intra-box usage has been limited due to lack of native long- Short-reach physical transport for UFS storage reach PHY

11 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI in High-Speed In-Vehicle Connectivity Coexistence of Edge and Networking Connectivity • High-speed Edge and Networking connectivity will coexist in automotive architectures

• Networking: • Symmetric comms between ECUs

• Edge: • Asymmetric comms from cameras-to-ECU and ECU-to- displays

• MIPI is focused on asymmetric communications, leveraging its long history of protocol and SerDes PHY specification developments

12 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Automotive SerDes Solutions (MASS) and MIPI A-PHY MASS: A Conceptual View Certified cameras (displays) connect to the ECU over an enhanced CSI-2 (DSI-2) protocol, which includes functional safety and security protection.

HDCP for premium content over DP/eDP and DSI-2 is also supported.

By “certified” it is meant those camera/display peripherals that have been provisioned by a key authority(s) to support the MIPI security standards of authentication, encryption and integrity protection.

1 2

2 1 4 6 4 5 Legend: 1 CSI-2 Protocol 2 CSI-2 SerDes Tx,Rx 3 CSI-2 FuSa & Security 4 DSI-2/DP Protocols 5 DSI-2/DP SerDes Tx,Rx 6 DSI-2/DP FuSa, Security, HDCP 5 4 6

Members named in press release:

• Beijing ASL Technology • Qualcomm • BitifEye Digital Test • Robert Bosch Solutions • Sony • Intel • STMicroelectronics • Luxshare-ICT • Synopsys • MediaTek • Tektronix • Mixel • Teledyne LeCroy • ON Semiconductor • Toshiba Electronics • Parade Technologies • Valens • Primesoc Technologies Semiconductor • Prodigy Technovations

A-PHY v1.0 offers: • Direct coupling to CSI- 2/DSI-2/DP-eDP protocols, supporting bridge-based & endpoint integration • High performance of 2- 16 Gbps over 10-15m, with roadmap to 24- 48+ Gbps • High noise immunity, ultra-low PER (< 10-19) Lower cost through standardization and economies of scale Lower cost/eBOM through integration • Support for automotive coax and SDP channels

21 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. A-PHY Performance and Immunity-Based Profiles Performance requirements vary: • 8MP camera sensors might require “8 Gbps” per camera • 4K displays might require “16 Gbps” per display (uncompressed) • These interface speeds increase with aggregation and daisy- chain use cases

Noise immunity (EMC RF Ingress) requirements vary: • Different OEMs have different requirements • MIPI-conducted tests in independent labs evaluated noise levels and shielding effect degradation after mechanical stress and aging

A-PHY supports two performance & immunity profiles: • P1 (NRZ): Lower noise immunity, similar to other SerDes Performance- and Immunity-based profiles: solutions, and applicable to the lower speed gears (G1 and • P1 offers the lowest cost at the lower performance needs G2, optional at G3) • P2 offers the highest performance and immunity • P2 (PAM-X): Very high noise immunity to meet the expected noise levels over 10-15m and the car lifetime period

• Asymmetric interfaces are key to surround sensor applications for ADAS/autonomous driving • MIPI A-PHY is the first long-reach asymmetric SerDes PHY standard, offering performance- and immunity-based profiles to meet a broad spectrum of requirements • With A-PHY as its foundation, MASS leverages existing protocols (MIPI CSI-2 and DSI-2, VESA DP and eDP, and more) to simplify integration while adding functional safety and security • This approach enables end-to-end data protection, from data source to data sink • Standardization drives economies of scale, increases choice and interoperability, and reduces cost and eBOM • The majority of MASS specifications will be completed by early 2021

More information can be found at:

• Press Release: MIPI Alliance Releases A-PHY SerDes Interface for Automotive • MIPI Automotive Homepage • MIPI A-PHY Specification Homepage • MIPI in Automotive White Paper