A Collaborative Approach to Advancing In-Vehicle Connectivity Rick Wietfeldt, Ph.D. Director, MIPI Alliance Board of Directors Sr. Director Technology, Qualcomm 19 November 2020 1 | © 2019 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Presentation Outline • About MIPI Alliance • Automotive Industry Need • MIPI Automotive SerDes Solutions (MASSSM) and MIPI A-PHYSM • Summary 2 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. About MIPI Alliance TODAY'S MIPI MEMBER ECOSYSTEM 3 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Specifications Leveraged Beyond Mobile 4 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Board and Contributor Members Contributor Members Board Members 5 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Liaisons: Extending The Mobile Ecosystem Security Automotive SIM, Secure Element Memory, Storage Displays Telecommunications Storage Connectivity Automotive 6 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Cross-Industry Convergence, Protocol Persistence • Semiconductor & ecosystem companies reuse assets (IP) to lower NRE/costs, including reuse of interface protocols – Making any interface change is difficult and costly. MIPI CSI, DSI, Backward compatibility is key. I3C, RFFE ... • Leading examples of evolution… reuse/extend: – USB: 1996+: USB 1, … USB 4 (adds DP, PCIe) … – SD: 1999+: SD, … SD v7 (adds PCIe) … – PCIe 2003+: PCIe Gen 1, … Gen 5, Gen 6 WIP – CSI-2 2005+: CSI-2 v1, … CSI-2 v3, … CSI-2 v4 WIP • Leverage includes cross-SDO cooperation: – USB4 adds DP & PCIe support; SD7 adds PCIe support • Evolution focuses on improving USB PCIe, DP UART Ethernet performance & reliability I2C I2CMIPI I3C – Encoding, equalization, error control, modulation DP … … – Functional safety and security CANbus Ethernet … 7 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI in Automotive SPECIFICATIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE TODAY Most MIPI interfaces are implemented as "short reach" (15~30cm+) CSI-2SM I3C® Camera Serial Interface protocol Control and data bus protocol and Protocol for cameras, lidar, radar interface sensors Sensor and general-purpose data and control interface within a module DSI-2SM Display Serial Interface protocol RFFESM Protocol for smartphone, IOT and RF control protocol automotive displays Front-end control within a wireless module C-PHYSM SoundWire® & SWI3SSM 3-phase physical layer for CSI-2 Digital audio and control interface & DSI-2 Audio interface within a module Short-reach physical layer for cameras and displays UniPro® for JEDEC UFS Data transport protocol for UFS over M- Cameras, displays, audio, sensors, storage, RFFE for 5G, D-PHYSM PHY Transport protocol for UFS storage Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC Differential physical layer for CSI-2 & DSI-2 M-PHY® for JEDEC UFS Reuse & extend well-proven protocols == reduced NRE/cost Short-reach physical layer for cameras and displays Differential physical layer for UFS storage Intra-box usage has been limited due to lack of native long- Short-reach physical transport for UFS storage reach PHY 8 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI and the Mobile Gs . Including Automotive 9 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Automotive Industry Need MIPI 2017 Forecast for Display/Camera Payload … that Informed the A-PHY v1.0 Speed Target of 16 Gbps 11 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI in High-Speed In-Vehicle Connectivity Coexistence of Edge and Networking Connectivity • High-speed Edge and Networking connectivity will coexist in automotive architectures • Networking: • Symmetric comms between ECUs • Edge: • Asymmetric comms from cameras-to-ECU and ECU-to- displays • MIPI is focused on asymmetric communications, leveraging its long history of protocol and SerDes PHY specification developments 12 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Automotive SerDes Solutions (MASS) and MIPI A-PHY MASS: A Conceptual View Certified cameras (displays) connect to the ECU over an enhanced CSI-2 (DSI-2) protocol, which includes functional safety and security protection. HDCP for premium content over DP/eDP and DSI-2 is also supported. By “certified” it is meant those camera/display peripherals that have been provisioned by a key authority(s) to support the MIPI security standards of authentication, encryption and integrity protection. 14 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MASS: Data Protection 15 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MASS: Bridge-to-Bridge Data Protection 16 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MASS: End-to-End Data Protection 17 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MASS: A More Detailed Look 3 1 2 3 2 1 4 6 4 5 Legend: 1 CSI-2 Protocol 2 CSI-2 SerDes Tx,Rx 3 CSI-2 FuSa & Security 4 DSI-2/DP Protocols 5 DSI-2/DP SerDes Tx,Rx 6 DSI-2/DP FuSa, Security, HDCP 5 4 6 18 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Automotive Stack 19 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. A-PHY v1.0 Released – 15 September 2020 Members named in press release: • Beijing ASL Technology • Qualcomm • BitifEye Digital Test • Robert Bosch Solutions • Sony • Intel • STMicroelectronics • Luxshare-ICT • Synopsys • MediaTek • Tektronix • Mixel • Teledyne LeCroy • ON Semiconductor • Toshiba Electronics • Parade Technologies • Valens • Primesoc Technologies Semiconductor • Prodigy Technovations 20 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI A-PHY Overview Asymmetric SerDes physical layer specification targeted for ADAS/ADS surround sensor applications and infotainment display applications A-PHY v1.0 offers: • Direct coupling to CSI- 2/DSI-2/DP-eDP protocols, supporting bridge-based & endpoint integration • High performance of 2- 16 Gbps over 10-15m, with roadmap to 24- 48+ Gbps • High noise immunity, ultra-low PER (< 10-19) Lower cost through standardization and economies of scale Lower cost/eBOM through integration • Support for automotive coax and SDP channels 21 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. A-PHY Performance and Immunity-Based Profiles Performance requirements vary: • 8MP camera sensors might require “8 Gbps” per camera • 4K displays might require “16 Gbps” per display (uncompressed) • These interface speeds increase with aggregation and daisy- chain use cases Noise immunity (EMC RF Ingress) requirements vary: • Different OEMs have different requirements • MIPI-conducted tests in independent labs evaluated noise levels and shielding effect degradation after mechanical stress and aging A-PHY supports two performance & immunity profiles: • P1 (NRZ): Lower noise immunity, similar to other SerDes Performance- and Immunity-based profiles: solutions, and applicable to the lower speed gears (G1 and • P1 offers the lowest cost at the lower performance needs G2, optional at G3) • P2 offers the highest performance and immunity • P2 (PAM-X): Very high noise immunity to meet the expected noise levels over 10-15m and the car lifetime period 22 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPI Automotive Guiding Principles 23 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Concluding Thoughts • Asymmetric interfaces are key to surround sensor applications for ADAS/autonomous driving • MIPI A-PHY is the first long-reach asymmetric SerDes PHY standard, offering performance- and immunity-based profiles to meet a broad spectrum of requirements • With A-PHY as its foundation, MASS leverages existing protocols (MIPI CSI-2 and DSI-2, VESA DP and eDP, and more) to simplify integration while adding functional safety and security • This approach enables end-to-end data protection, from data source to data sink • Standardization drives economies of scale, increases choice and interoperability, and reduces cost and eBOM • The majority of MASS specifications will be completed by early 2021 24 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. Thanks for listening MIPI Automotive Resources More information can be found at: • Press Release: MIPI Alliance Releases A-PHY SerDes Interface for Automotive • MIPI Automotive Homepage • MIPI A-PHY Specification Homepage • MIPI in Automotive White Paper 26 | © 2020 MIPI Alliance, Inc. .