Supergravity Domain Walls in Basic Theory 64 8.1 Connection to Topological Defects in Superstring Theory
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Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics CUSPINERA-CONTRERAS, JUAN,LEOPOLDO How to cite: CUSPINERA-CONTRERAS, JUAN,LEOPOLDO (2020) Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13421/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics Juan Leopoldo Cuspinera Contreras A Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology Department of Physics University of Durham England September 2019 To my family Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics Juan Leopoldo Cuspinera Contreras Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2019 Abstract In this thesis we study two fairly different aspects of gravity: vacuum decay seeded by black holes and black hole thermodynamics. The first part of this work is devoted to the study of black holes within the (higher dimensional) Randall- Sundrum braneworld scenario and their effect on vacuum decay rates. -
The End of Nuclear Warfighting: Moving to a Deterrence-Only Posture
THE END OF NUCLEAR WARFIGHTING MOVING TO A W E I DETERRENCE-ONLY V E R POSTURE E R U T S O P R A E L C U N . S . U E V I T A N September 2018 R E T L A Dr. Bruce G. Blair N Jessica Sleight A Emma Claire Foley In Collaboration with the Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University The End of Nuclear Warfighting: Moving to a Deterrence-Only Posture an alternative u.s. nuclear posture review Bruce G. Blair with Jessica Sleight and Emma Claire Foley Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University Global Zero, Washington, DC September 2018 Copyright © 2018 Bruce G. Blair published by the program on science and global security, princeton university This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License; to view a copy of this license, visit www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 typesetting in LATEX with tufte document class First printing, September 2018 Contents Abstract 5 Executive Summary 6 I. Introduction 15 II. The Value of U.S. Nuclear Capabilities and Enduring National Objectives 21 III. Maximizing Strategic Stability 23 IV. U.S. Objectives if Deterrence Fails 32 V. Modernization of Nuclear C3 40 VI. Near-Term Guidance for Reducing the Risks of Prompt Launch 49 VII. Moving the U.S. Strategic Force Toward a Deterrence-Only Strategy 53 VIII.Nuclear Modernization Program 70 IX. Nuclear-Weapon Infrastructure: The “Complex” 86 X. Countering Nuclear Terrorism 89 XI. Nonproliferation and Strategic-Arms Control 91 XII. Conclusion 106 Authors 109 Abstract The United States should adopt a deterrence-only policy based on no first use of nuclear weapons, no counterforce against opposing nuclear forces in second use, and no hair-trigger response. -
Aspects of False Vacuum Decay
Technische Universität München Physik Department T70 Aspects of False Vacuum Decay Wenyuan Ai Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Physik der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Auwärter Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Dr. Björn Garbrecht 2. Prof. Dr. Andreas Weiler Die Dissertation wurde am 22.03.2019 bei der Technischen Universität München ein- gereicht und durch die Fakultät für Physik am 02.04.2019 angenommen. Abstract False vacuum decay is the first-order phase transition of fundamental fields. Vacuum instability plays a very important role in particle physics and cosmology. Theoretically, any consistent theory beyond the Standard Model must have a lifetime of the electroweak vacuum longer than the age of the Universe. Phenomenologically, first-order cosmological phase transitions can be relevant for baryogenesis and gravitational wave production. In this thesis, we give a detailed study on several aspects of false vacuum decay, including correspondence between thermal and quantum transitions of vacuum in flat or curved spacetime, radiative corrections to false vacuum decay and, the real-time formalism of vacuum transitions. Zusammenfassung Falscher Vakuumzerfall ist ein Phasenübergang erster Ordnung fundamentaler Felder. Vakuuminstabilität spielt in der Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie eine sehr wichtige Rolle. Theoretisch muss für jede konsistente Theorie, die über das Standardmodell -
12Th Annual Dodd-Walls Centre Symposium University of Otago 28Th January – 1St February 2019 Page 1 Dodd-Walls Centre 12Th Annual Symposium 2019
12th Annual Dodd-Walls Centre Symposium University of Otago 28th January – 1st February 2019 Page 1 Dodd-Walls Centre 12th Annual Symposium 2019 12th Annual Dodd-Walls Centre Symposium 27th January – 1st February 2019 – University of Otago Programme……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Abstracts ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Presentations – Monday 28th January 2019 Recent Developments in Photonic Crystal Fibres – Professor Philip Russell (Invited Speaker) ………………… 7 Efficient and Tunable Spectral Compression Using Frequency-Domain Nonlinear Optics – Kai Chen……... 8 Octave-Spanning Tunable Optical Parametric Oscillation in Magnesium Fluoride Microresonators – Noel Sayson …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 9 Advances in High Resolution Sagnac Interferometry – Professor Ulrich Schreiber (Invited Speaker) ….… 10 Initial Gyroscopic Operation of A Large Multi-Oscillator Ring Laser for Earth Rotation SENSING – Dian Zou………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11 Applications of High-Pressure Laser Ultrasound to Rock Physics MeasurementS - Jonathan Simpson…. 12 Biomedical Imaging and Sensing with Light and Sound - Jami L Johnson………………………………………….…… 13 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Kiwifruit Water-Soaked Tissue Detection - Mark Z. Wang………………….. 15 Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles for Quantum Technologies – Professor Philippe Goldner (Invited Speaker) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. -
Bounds on Extra Dimensions from Micro Black Holes in the Context of the Metastable Higgs Vacuum
Bounds on extra dimensions from micro black holes in the context of the metastable Higgs vacuum Katherine J. Mack∗ North Carolina State University, Department of Physics, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA Robert McNeesy Loyola University Chicago, Department of Physics, Chicago, IL 60660, USA. We estimate the rate at which collisions between ultra-high energy cosmic rays can form small black holes in models with extra dimensions. If recent conjectures about false vacuum decay catalyzed by black hole evaporation apply, the lack of vacuum decay events in our past light cone places tight bounds on the black hole formation rate and thus on the fundamental scale of gravity in these models. Conservatively, we find that the lower bound on the fundamental scale E∗ must be within about an order of magnitude of the energy where the cosmic ray spectrum begins to show suppression from the GZK effect, in order to avoid the abundant formation of semiclassical black holes with short lifetimes. Our bound, which assumes a Higgs vacuum instability scale at the low 18:8 end of the range compatible with experimental data, ranges from E∗ ≥ 10 eV for n = 1 extra 18:1 dimension down to E∗ ≥ 10 eV for n = 6. These bounds are many orders of magnitude higher than the previous most stringent bounds, which derive from collider experiments or from estimates of Kaluza-Klein processes in neutron stars and supernovae. I. INTRODUCTION that evaporating black holes formed in theories with ex- tra dimensions are capable of seeding vacuum decay. The decay of the false vacuum is a dramatic consequence that In models with extra dimensions, the fundamental scale presents an unmistakable (and fatal) observational sig- of gravity may be lower than the four-dimensional Planck nature of microscopic black hole production. -
Topics in Vacuum Decay Ali Masoumi
Topics in vacuum decay Ali Masoumi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences arXiv:1505.06397v1 [hep-th] 24 May 2015 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 c 2013 Ali Masoumi All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Topics in vacuum decay Ali Masoumi If a theory has more than one classically stable vacuum, quantum tunneling and thermal jumps make the transition between the vacua possible. The transition happens through a first order phase transition started by nucleation of a bubble of the new vacuum. The outward pressure of the truer vacuum makes the bubble expand and consequently eat away more of the old phase. In the presence of gravity this phenomenon gets more complicated and meanwhile more interesting. It can potentially have important cosmological consequences. Some aspects of this decay are studied in this thesis. Solutions with different symmetry than the generically used O(4) symmetry are studied and their actions calculated. Vacuum decay in a spatial vector field is studied and novel features like kinky domain walls are presented. The question of stability of vacua in a landscape of potentials is studied and the possible instability in large dimension of fields is shown. Finally a compactification of the Einstein-Maxwell theory is studied which can be a good lab to understand the decay rates in compactification models of arbitrary dimensions. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Vacuum decay, background 7 2.1 Vacuum decay in one-dimensional quantum mechanics . 7 2.2 Imaginary energy states and decay . 8 2.3 Vacuum decay in multi-dimensional quantum mechanics . -
Eternal Inflation, Past and Future
Eternal Inflation, past and future Anthony Aguirre1 Department of Physics/SCIPP UC Santa Cruz 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064 [email protected] Cosmological inflation, if it occurred, radically alters the picture of the `big bang', which would merely point to reheating at the end of inflation. More- over, this reheating may be only local so that inflation continues elsewhere and forever, continually spawning big-bang-like regions. This chapter reviews this idea of `eternal inflation’, then focuses on what this may mean for the ul- timate beginning of the universe. In particular, I will argue that given eternal inflation, the universe may be free of a cosmological initial singularity, might be eternal (and eternally inflating) to the past, and might obey an interesting sort of cosmological time-symmetry. 1 The inflationary Genie Cosmological inflation, as discussed at length in Chapter 2, was developed as a means of explaining the very simple yet specific `initial' conditions that define the hot big-bang cosmological model. But while inflation grants the wish of providing a very large, uniform, hot, monopole-free region with ap- propriate density fluctuations, it is also, like the proverbial Genie let out of the bottle, difficult to contain. In most inflation models, the selfsame accel- erated expansion that allows inflation’s explanatory and predictive successes also completely changes the ultra-large-scale structure of the universe in which it occurs, through the process of `everlasting' or `eternal' inflation.1 In this picture, once inflation starts, it continues forever { at least some- where { continually spawning non-inflating regions large enough to be our arXiv:0712.0571v1 [hep-th] 4 Dec 2007 entire observable universe. -
Fate of the True-Vacuum Bubbles
Fate of the true-vacuum bubbles J. A. González,a A. Bellorín,b Mónica A. García-Ñustes,c L. E. Guerrero,d S. Jiménez,e Juan F. Marín,c;1 and L. Vázquezf aDepartment of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA bEscuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado Postal 47586, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela cInstituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Chile dDepartamento de Física, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado Postal 89000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela eDepartamento de Matemática Aplicada a las TT.II., E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain f Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. We investigate the bounce solutions in vacuum decay problems. We show that it is possible to have a stable false vacuum in a potential that is unbounded from below. arXiv:1710.05334v4 [hep-th] 17 Apr 2018 1Corresponding author. Contents 1 Introduction1 2 The model1 3 The bounce solution3 4 Discussion 5 5 Conclusions7 1 Introduction Is our vacuum metastable? Is the Universe that we live in inherently unstable? Recent experimental and theoretical works suggest that our vacuum is probably me- tastable [1–23]. Measurements of Higgs boson and top quark masses indicate that there should be a “true” vacuum with less energy than the present one [1–24]. Vacuum stability problems have been discussed in many classical papers [25–36]. -
Russian Strategic Intentions
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Russian Strategic Intentions A Strategic Multilayer Assessment (SMA) White Paper May 2019 Contributing Authors: Dr. John Arquilla (Naval Postgraduate School), Ms. Anna Borshchevskaya (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), Dr. Belinda Bragg (NSI, Inc.), Mr. Pavel Devyatkin (The Arctic Institute), MAJ Adam Dyet (U.S. Army, J5-Policy USCENTCOM), Dr. R. Evan Ellis (U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute), Mr. Daniel J. Flynn (Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)), Dr. Daniel Goure (Lexington Institute), Ms. Abigail C. Kamp (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)), Dr. Roger Kangas (National Defense University), Dr. Mark N. Katz (George Mason University, Schar School of Policy and Government), Dr. Barnett S. Koven (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)), Dr. Jeremy W. Lamoreaux (Brigham Young University- Idaho), Dr. Marlene Laruelle (George Washington University), Dr. Christopher Marsh (Special Operations Research Association), Dr. Robert Person (United States Military Academy, West Point), Mr. Roman “Comrade” Pyatkov (HAF/A3K CHECKMATE), Dr. John Schindler (The Locarno Group), Ms. Malin Severin (UK Ministry of Defence Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC)), Dr. Thomas Sherlock (United States Military Academy, West Point), Dr. Joseph Siegle (Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University), Dr. Robert Spalding III (U.S. Air Force), Dr. Richard Weitz (Center for Political-Military Analysis at the Hudson Institute), Mr. Jason Werchan (USEUCOM Strategy Division & Russia Strategic Initiative (RSI)) Prefaces Provided By: RDML Jeffrey J. Czerewko (Joint Staff, J39), Mr. Jason Werchan (USEUCOM Strategy Division & Russia Strategic Initiative (RSI)) Editor: Ms. -
Jhep05(2020)154
Published for SISSA by Springer Received: January 20, 2020 Revised: March 15, 2020 Accepted: May 3, 2020 Published: May 28, 2020 JHEP05(2020)154 QCD axion window and false vacuum Higgs inflation Hiroki Matsui,a Fuminobu Takahashia;b and Wen Yinc aDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan bKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan cDepartment of Physics, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The abundance of the QCD axion is known to be suppressed if the Hubble parameter during inflation, Hinf , is lower than the QCD scale, and if the inflation lasts suffi- ciently long. We show that the tight upper bound on the inflation scale can be significantly relaxed if the eternal old inflation is driven by the standard-model Higgs field trapped in a false vacuum at large field values. Specifically, Hinf can be larger than 100 GeV if the false vacuum is located above the intermediate scale. We also discuss the slow-roll inflation after the tunneling from the false vacuum to the electroweak vacuum. Keywords: Beyond Standard Model, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Higgs Physics ArXiv ePrint: 2001.04464 Open Access, c The Authors. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2020)154 Article funded by SCOAP3. Contents 1 Introduction1 2 The QCD axion and the Bunch-Davies distribution3 3 False vacuum Higgs inflation5 3.1 A false vacuum in the Higgs potential5 3.2 The effective QCD scale9 JHEP05(2020)154 3.3 The QCD axion window opened wider9 4 False vacuum decay and slow-roll inflation 10 11 4.1 Thin-wall approximation (10 GeV vfalse Mpl) 12 11 4.2 Non-degenerate vacua (vfalse ∼ 10 GeV) 14 4.3 Thick-wall regime (vfalse ∼ Mpl) 15 4.4 Open bubble universe and the dynamics 16 5 Slow-roll inflation after the bubble nucleation 17 6 Discussion and conclusions 20 1 Introduction The Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism is the most plausible solution to the strong CP prob- lem [1,2 ]. -
Cosmological Models with Running Cosmological Constant
Jagiellonian U n iv e r s it y D o c t o r a l T h e s is Cosmological models with running cosmological constant Author: Aleksander Stachowski Supervisor: Prof. dr hab. Marek Szydłowski A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science October 2018 iii Wydział Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej Uniwersytet Jagielloński Oświadczenie Ja niżej podpisany Aleksander Stachowski (nr indeksu: 1016516) doktorant Wydziału Fizyki, Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego oświadczam, że przedłożona przeze mnie rozprawa doktorska pt. „Cosmological models with running cosmological constant" jest oryginalna i przedstawia wyniki badań wykonanych przeze mnie osobiście, pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Marka Szydłowskiego. Pracę napisałem samodzielnie. Oświadczam, że moja rozprawa doktorska została opracowana zgodnie z Ustawą o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. (Dziennik Ustaw 1994 nr 24 poz. 83 wraz z później szymi zmianami). Jestem świadom, że niezgodność niniejszego oświadczenia z prawdą ujawniona w dowolnym czasie, niezależnie od skutków prawnych wynikających z ww. ustawy, może spowodować unie ważnienie stopnia nabytego na podstawie tej rozprawy. Kraków, dnia v Abstract The thesis undertakes an attempt to solve the problems of cos mological constant as well as of coincidence in the models in which dark energy is described by a running cosmological con stant. Three reasons to possibly underlie the constant's change ability are considered: dark energy's decay, diffusion between dark energy and dark matter, and modified gravity. It aims also to pro vide a parametric form of density of dark energy for the models that involve a running cosmological constant, which would de scribe inftation in the early Universe. -
Disinformation and Propaganda – Impact on the Functioning of the Rule of Law in the EU and Its Member States
STUDY Requested by the LIBE committee Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its Member States Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union PE 608.864 - February 2019 EN Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its Member States STUDY Abstract This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs and requested by the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, assesses the impact of disinformation and strategic political propaganda disseminated through online social media sites. It examines effects on the functioning of the rule of law, democracy and fundamental rights in the EU and its Member States. The study formulates recommendations on how to tackle this threat to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. It specifically addresses the role of social media platform providers in this regard. ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This research paper was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) and was commissioned, overseen and published by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Policy Departments provide independent expertise, both in-house and externally, to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny