The End of Nuclear Warfighting: Moving to a Deterrence-Only Posture
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Worksop-Inset.Pdf
Worksop inset map 258 151 43.3m 3 41.8m 139 74 135 ANSTON AVENUE 64 4 SOUTH VIEW 125 AVENUE HARSTOFT 54 3 LB 214 115 42 PCs 31 22 105 40 Shelter 42.4m 13 Supermarket 36 32 El Sub Sta 22 44.5m 1 12 221 81 246 69 2 103 48.2m 37 57 A N S TO N A V E N U E 54 ED & Ward Bdy 52a B L Y TH G R O V E 45 41 Key 33 45.7m 29 23 CR 2 13 STANLEY STREET STANLEY 35 25 3 234 1a3a 1 11 North Nottinghamshire College Shelter 21 5 21 217 (FE) 12 New Housing (ST18) 33 52 12 43 BLYTH ROAD 53 19 222 JA M E S S TR E E T 215 1 G A TE FO R D R O A D 2 Works CR 220 8 Proposed mixed use (Policy 17) 10 54.3m 14 I Ward Bdy 25 13 SP 6 GP 1a 17 1b 208 Shelter 2 1 Committed Housing 36 3 HOLMEFIELD CLOSE HOLMEFIELD 15 43.0m S H E P H E R D 'S A V E N U E 15 2 13 CR Norbridge Academy 29 196 (Sch) 15 PERCIVAL STREET PERCIVAL 38 New Employment (ST08) 2a 24 2 203 L Twrs W52 13 8 1 3 52.4m 10 186 11 S H E P H E R D 'S A V E N U E 34 Pit 18 Wr Pt 9 Exisiting Employment (ST11) SPs 30 12 174 SP 34a M e rry -g o -ro u n d CR 168 28 Locally important openL Twr space (ST48) W ag o n D ep o t The Chestnuts 50.0m 3 El Sub Sta SP Oak Lodge Playingfield and outdoor sportsSandhole Sidings facility (ST49) TU R N E R R O A D 40.0m 20 1 LB El Sub Sta 185 78 Ward Bdy STREET 18 1b 8 CR 1a 102 183 7 Main Green Corridor (ST41) STANLEY 90 72 MP 0.5 50.6m ED Bdy BANK El Sub Sta BLYTH ROAD Turner Road 18a SUNNY ED Bdy TU R N E R R O A D 64 SP Industrial 51.8m Minor Green Corridor (ST41) Estate 18b 54 Club 47.2m 50 Ward Bdy 48.8m 63 61 53 6 50.9m ED Bdy ED & Ward Bdy Ward & ED 49 SUNNY BANK Bowling -
Report: the New Nuclear Arms Race
The New Nuclear Arms Race The Outlook for Avoiding Catastrophe August 2020 By Akshai Vikram Akshai Vikram is the Roger L. Hale Fellow at Ploughshares Fund, where he focuses on U.S. nuclear policy. A native of Louisville, Kentucky, Akshai previously worked as an opposition researcher for the Democratic National Committee and a campaign staffer for the Kentucky Democratic Party. He has written on U.S. nuclear policy and U.S.-Iran relations for outlets such as Inkstick Media, The National Interest, Defense One, and the Quincy Institute’s Responsible Statecraft. Akshai holds an M.A. in International Economics and American Foreign Policy from the Johns Hopkins University SAIS as well as a B.A. in International Studies and Political Science from Johns Hopkins Baltimore. On a good day, he speaks Spanish, French, and Persian proficiently. Acknowledgements This report was made possible by the strong support I received from the entire Ploughshares Fund network throughout my fellowship. Ploughshares Fund alumni Will Saetren, Geoff Wilson, and Catherine Killough were extremely kind in offering early advice on the report. From the Washington, D.C. office, Mary Kaszynski and Zack Brown offered many helpful edits and suggestions, while Joe Cirincione, Michelle Dover, and John Carl Baker provided much- needed encouragement and support throughout the process. From the San Francisco office, Will Lowry, Derek Zender, and Delfin Vigil were The New Nuclear Arms Race instrumental in finalizing this report. I would like to thank each and every one of them for their help. I would especially like to thank Tom Collina. Tom reviewed numerous drafts of this report, never The Outlook for Avoiding running out of patience or constructive advice. -
Open Letter in Support of Amb. Bonnie Jenkins to Help Lead U.S. Efforts on Arms Control and International Security
Open Letter in Support of Amb. Bonnie Jenkins to Help Lead U.S. Efforts on Arms Control and International Security June 21, 2021 As President Biden's Interim National Security Strategy notes: "Global dynamics have shifted. New crises demand our attention.” It is a "moment of accelerating global challenges — from the pandemic to the climate crisis to nuclear proliferation .…" This means that our nation has no time to lose when it comes to putting in place the leadership team in government that can harness America's diplomatic power, which is essential to advancing effective solutions to address the most difficult security and foreign policy challenges. As arms control, international security, and foreign policy experts with years of experience in and out of government, we believe President Joe Biden — or any president — needs a strong and experienced team in place to address issues of international security, particularly the difficult and urgent challenges posed by nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and the countries that possess them or that could develop them. Five months since inauguration day, the president’s nominee for one of the most important positions in this area — Amb. Bonnie Jenkins for Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security — has yet to be confirmed. Further delays of this nomination will hamper our nation’s ability to put its best diplomatic foot forward at a critical time. In the coming weeks and months, her leadership will be important to help the State Department and the White House: -
October 02, 1963 Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Paper Regarding Dutch Participation in Talks Regarding a Multilateral Nuclear Force'
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 02, 1963 Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Paper Regarding Dutch Participation in Talks Regarding a Multilateral Nuclear Force' Citation: “Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Paper Regarding Dutch Participation in Talks Regarding a Multilateral Nuclear Force',” October 02, 1963, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, National Archives, The Hague, Council of Ministers, access number 2.02.05.02, inventory number 753 and 723. Obtained and translated by Bastiaan Bouwman. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117766 Summary: Paper presented at 4 October 1963 meeting of the Dutch Council of Ministers. The paper lays out the reasons for declining to participate in the Multilateral Force so far, but argues that due to changes in the situation – principally a turn on the part of the British toward participation – the Netherlands now should move to participate in the talks. The paper lists the (political) advantages of such participation. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation and Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY). Original Language: Dutch Contents: English Translation Scan of Original Document [...] SECRET Paper regarding Dutch participation in talks regarding a multilateral nuclear force . On 1 August of this year, the Council of Ministers agreed that for now the invitation by the American government to participate in talks of a working group in Washington regarding the establishment of a NATO multilateral nuclear force, consisting of surface ships with mixed crews, would not be acted upon. This invitation had been accepted by the Federal Republic, Italy, Greece and Turkey. Along with the Netherlands, the UK and Belgium decided to remain on the sidelines for the time being. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics CUSPINERA-CONTRERAS, JUAN,LEOPOLDO How to cite: CUSPINERA-CONTRERAS, JUAN,LEOPOLDO (2020) Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13421/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics Juan Leopoldo Cuspinera Contreras A Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology Department of Physics University of Durham England September 2019 To my family Black holes, vacuum decay and thermodynamics Juan Leopoldo Cuspinera Contreras Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2019 Abstract In this thesis we study two fairly different aspects of gravity: vacuum decay seeded by black holes and black hole thermodynamics. The first part of this work is devoted to the study of black holes within the (higher dimensional) Randall- Sundrum braneworld scenario and their effect on vacuum decay rates. -
Broken Arrows: Radiological Hazards from Nuclear Warhead Accidents (The Minot USAF Base
Occasional Paper January 2008 Broken Arrows: Radiological hazards from nuclear warhead accidents (the Minot USAF base nuclear weapons incident) by Dr. Theodore E. Liolios Page 1 of 30 ATHENA, the Hellenic Arms Control Center, is a non-profit, nongovernmental, scientific organization dedicated to promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies. It is the only organization in Greece (and probably in the entire Europe) dedicated exclusively to research on arms control and nonproliferation issues. The Director of the Center is Dr. Theodore Liolios1 currently a permanent member of the faculty of the Hellenic Army Academy and Director of its Nuclear Physics Laboratory. ATHENA provides policy-makers, the press, and the interested public with authoritative information, analysis and commentary on scientific aspects of arms control, arms proposals, negotiations and agreements, and all relevant international security issues. ATHENA holds regular press briefings on major arms control developments, providing commentary and analysis on a broad spectrum of issues for journalists and scholars both in Europe and abroad. ATHENA covers numerous peace and security issues affected by proliferation of weapons of mass destruction including European and international nonproliferation programs, missile defenses, failed and post-conflict states and irresponsible defense spending. The non-commercial academic nature of ATHENA ensures that all the proceeds from donations, subsidies and advertisements will be used to support the scientific research of the center (in the form of fellowships) as well as the education of young scientists (in the form of internships) who wish to specialize in arms control and international security subjects. ATHENA’s homepage can also be considered a library, which provides information on various arms control topics. -
Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons
Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Paul K. Kerr Analyst in Nonproliferation Mary Beth Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation August 1, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34248 Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons Summary Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional nuclear weapons and new types of delivery vehicles. Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad’s expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called “full spectrum deterrence” have led some observers to express concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, which also continues to expand its nuclear arsenal. Pakistan has in recent years taken a number of steps to increase international confidence in the security of its nuclear arsenal. Moreover, Pakistani and U.S. officials argue that, since the 2004 revelations about a procurement network run by former Pakistani nuclear official A.Q. Khan, Islamabad has taken a number of steps to improve its nuclear security and to prevent further proliferation of nuclear-related technologies and materials. A number of important initiatives, such as strengthened export control laws, improved personnel security, and international nuclear security cooperation programs, have improved Pakistan’s nuclear security. However, instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question. Some observers fear radical takeover of the Pakistani government or diversion of material or technology by personnel within Pakistan’s nuclear complex. -
Management Challenges at the Centre of Government: Coalition Situations and Government Transitions
SIGMA Papers No. 22 Management Challenges at the Centre of Government: OECD Coalition Situations and Government Transitions https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kml614vl4wh-en Unclassified CCET/SIGMA/PUMA(98)1 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques OLIS : 10-Feb-1998 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Dist. : 11-Feb-1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Or. Eng. SUPPORT FOR IMPROVEMENT IN GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (SIGMA) A JOINT INITIATIVE OF THE OECD/CCET AND EC/PHARE Unclassified CCET/SIGMA/PUMA Cancels & replaces the same document: distributed 26-Jan-1998 ( 98 ) 1 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AT THE CENTRE OF GOVERNMENT: COALITION SITUATIONS AND GOVERNMENT TRANSITIONS SIGMA PAPERS: No. 22 Or. En 61747 g . Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format CCET/SIGMA/PUMA(98)1 THE SIGMA PROGRAMME SIGMA — Support for Improvement in Governance and Management in Central and Eastern European Countries — is a joint initiative of the OECD Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition and the European Union’s Phare Programme. The initiative supports public administration reform efforts in thirteen countries in transition, and is financed mostly by Phare. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an intergovernmental organisation of 29 democracies with advanced market economies. The Centre channels the Organisation’s advice and assistance over a wide range of economic issues to reforming countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Phare provides grant financing to support its partner countries in Central and Eastern Europe to the stage where they are ready to assume the obligations of membership of the European Union. -
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Global Zero NATO-Russia Commission REPORT REMOVING U.S
GLOBAL ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION REPORT REMOVING U.S. AnD RUSSIAN TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM EUROPEAn COMBAT BASES FEBRUARY 2012 GLOBAL ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION REPORT Removing U.S. and Russian Tactical Nuclear Weapons from European Combat Bases PREPARED FOR THE 48TH MUNICH SECURITY CONFERENCE GLOBAL ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION REPORT REMOVING U.S. AnD RUSSIAN TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM EUROPEAn COMBAT BASES GLOBAL ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION REPORT Removing U.S. and Russian Tactical Nuclear Weapons from European Combat Bases Copyright © 2012 by Global Zero All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the copyright holder. Global Zero assumes full responsibility for the analysis and recommendations contained in this report. www.GLOBALZERO.ORG i GLOBAL ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION REPORT REMOVING U.S. AnD RUSSIAN TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM EUROPEAn COMBAT BASES Global ZERO NATO-RUSSIA COMMISSION AMB. RICHARD BURT, CO-CHAIR AMB. WOLfgAng ISCHIngER, CO-CHAIR COL. GEN. (RET.) VIctOR ESIN, CO-CHAIR SIR MALCOLM RIFKIND, MP, CO-CHAIR MIN. HIKMET ÇETIN AMB. THOMAS PICKERIng GEN. (RET.) AnATOLY KULIKOV AMB. StEVEN PIFER COL. GEN. (RET.) EVGENY MASLIN GEN. (RET.) JOHN SHEEHAN SEN. MIKHAIL MARGELOV COL. (RET.) VALERY YARYNICH GEN. (RET.) KLAUS NAUMAnn MAJ. GEN. (RET.) PAVEL ZOLOTAREV GEN. (RET.) BERNARD NORLAIN Global Zero is the international movement for the elimination of all nuclear weapons. It has grown to 300 leaders and more than 450,000 citizens worldwide, developed a step-by-step plan to eliminate nu- clear weapons, built an international student movement with 100 campus chapters in ten countries, and produced an acclaimed documentary film, Countdown to Zero. -
Portsmouth, NH Calling on the US Government to Lead a Global Effort to Prevent Nuclear War
A resolution of Portsmouth, NH calling on the US government to lead a global effort to prevent nuclear war WHEREAS, global arsenals have over 14,000 nuclear weapons, and most are far more destructive than those that killed hundreds of thousands of people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945; WHEREAS, the detonation of even a small number of these weapons anywhere in the world could have catastrophic human, environmental, and economic consequences that could affect everyone on the planet including in Portsmouth, New Hampshire; WHEREAS, a large-scale nuclear war could kill hundreds of millions of people directly and cause unimaginable environmental damage, producing conditions wherein billions of people could die from starvation or disease; WHEREAS, the United States maintains nuclear missiles in prompt launch status, capable of being launched within minutes, which greatly increases the risk of an accidental, mistaken or unauthorized launch; WHEREAS, the United States, as well as Britain, China, France and Russia, are obligated under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to take concrete steps toward eliminating their nuclear arsenals; WHEREAS, in July 2017, 122 nations approved the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons which makes it illegal under international law to develop, test, produce, manufacture, or otherwise acquire, possess or stockpile nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City of Portsmouth, New Hampshire calls on the United States government to lead a global effort to prevent nuclear war by: • renouncing the option of using nuclear weapons first; • ending the sole, unchecked authority of any president to launch a nuclear attack; • taking U.S. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5.