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Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in the Genus Amanita
1170 Molecular phylogenetic studies in the genus Amanita I5ichael Weiß, Zhu-Liang Yang, and Franz Oberwinkler Abstracl A group of 49 Amanita species that had been thoroughly examined morphologically and amtomically was analyzed by DNA sequence compadson to estimate natural groups and phylogenetic rclationships within the genus. Nuclear DNA sequences coding for a part of the ribosomal large subunit were determined and evaluated using neighbor-joining with bootstrap analysis, parsimony analysis, conditional clustering, and maximum likelihood methods, Sections Amanita, Caesarea, Vaginatae, Validae, Phalloideae, and Amidella were substantially confirmed as monophyletic groups, while the monophyly of section Lepidell.t remained unclear. Branching topologies between and within sections could also pafiially be derived. Stbgenera Amanita an'd Lepidella were not supported. The Mappae group was included in section Validae. Grouping hypotheses obtained by DNA analyses are discussed in relation to the distribution of morphological and anatomical chamcters in the studied species. Key words: fungi, basidiomycetes phylogeny, Agarrcales, Amanita systematics, large subunit rDNA, 28S. R6sum6 : A partir d'un groupe de 49 esp,ces d'Amanita prdalablement examinees morphologiquement et anatomiquement, les auteurs ont utilisd la comparaison des s€quences d'ADN pour ddfinir les groupes naturels et les relations phylog6ndtiques de ce genre. Les sdquences de I'ADN nucl6aire codant pour une partie de la grande sous-unit6 ribosomale ont 6t6 ddterminEes et €valu6es en utilisant l'analyse par liaison en lacet avec le voisin (neighbor-joining with bootstrap), l'analyse en parcimonie, le rcgroupement conditionnel et les m€thodes de ressemblance maximale. Les rdsultats confirment substantiellement les sections Afiarira, Caesarea, Uaqinatae, Ualidae, Phalloideae et Amidella, comme groupes monophyldtiques, alors que la monophylie de la section Lepidella demerxe obscure. -
Topic 3. Diet Digestibilities
TOPIC 3. DIET DIGESTIBILITIES General trends in diet diges tibili ties follow the general trends in the cell structures of the plants. The stages and parts of plant growth that have thinner and less lignified cell walls are, for the most part, more digestible than those stages and parts with more lignified cell walls. Cell chemistry also affects digestibility, however. Tannins, for example, act as inhibitors of digestion. Changes in cell structure occur as plant phenology changes over the growing season. Emerging, growing tissue cannot have rigid cell walls, for new tissue is being added as cells increase in both number and size. When the numbers and sizes of cells in plant tissue have both reached maximum, cell maturation occurs and cell walls increase in thickness and rigidity. The cells in stems become very rigid and serve as supporting tissue. Cells in leaf tissue mature, become decadent, and the leaf falls to the ground. Flower petals mature, wither, and fall. Functional changes in different plant parts are accompanied by structural changes in the cells, and these changes affect nutritive relationships between animal and range. The concepts underlying relationships between cell structure and digestibility permit one to generalize on seasonal variations in diet digestibility. Consumption of decadent lignified dormant forage results in stable diet digestibilities. As the growing season progresses, diet digestibilities increase as new growth makes up an increasing proportion of the diet. As the growing season progresses and plants mature, diet digestibilities begin to drop until they reach the annual low when only de cadent lignified forage is available again. -
Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 346508, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/346508 Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species S. K. Sharma1 and N. Gautam2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur 176 062, India 2Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India Correspondence should be addressed to N. Gautam; [email protected] Received 8 May 2015; Accepted 11 June 2015 Academic Editor: Miroslav Pohanka Copyright © 2015 S. K. Sharma and N. Gautam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The chemical, bioactive, and antioxidant potential of twenty wild culinary mushroom species being consumed by the peopleof northern Himalayan regions has been evaluated for the first time in the present study. Nutrients analyzed include protein, crude fat, fibres, carbohydrates, and monosaccharides. Besides, preliminary study on the detection of toxic compounds was done on these species. Bioactive compounds evaluated are fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherol content, carotenoids (-carotene, lycopene), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanidins. Fruitbodies extract of all the species was tested for different types of antioxidant assays. Although differences were observed in the net values of individual species all the species were found to be rich in protein, and carbohydrates and low in fat. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide. Predominance of UFA (65–70%) over SFA (30–35%) was observed in all the species with considerable amounts of other bioactive compounds. -
Pt Reyes Species As of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus Biennis Agaricus
Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus biennis Agaricus augustus Agaricus bernardii Agaricus californicus Agaricus campestris Agaricus cupreobrunneus Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Agaricus lilaceps Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agaricus rutilescens Agaricus silvicola Agaricus subrutilescens Agaricus xanthodermus Agrocybe pediades Agrocybe praecox Alboleptonia sericella Aleuria aurantia Alnicola sp. Amanita aprica Amanita augusta Amanita breckonii Amanita calyptratoides Amanita constricta Amanita gemmata Amanita gemmata var. exannulata Amanita calyptraderma Amanita calyptraderma (white form) Amanita magniverrucata Amanita muscaria Amanita novinupta Amanita ocreata Amanita pachycolea Amanita pantherina Amanita phalloides Amanita porphyria Amanita protecta Amanita velosa Amanita smithiana Amaurodon sp. nova Amphinema byssoides gr. Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum Anthrocobia melaloma Antrodia heteromorpha Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Armillaria nabsnona Arrhenia epichysium Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Arrhenia retiruga Ascobolus sp. Ascocoryne sarcoides Astraeus hygrometricus Auricularia auricula Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura Balsamia cf. magnata Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Boidinia propinqua Bolbitius vitellinus Suillellus (Boletus) amygdalinus Rubroboleus (Boletus) eastwoodiae Boletus edulis Boletus fibrillosus Botryobasidium longisporum Botryobasidium sp. Botryobasidium vagum Bovista dermoxantha Bovista pila Bovista plumbea Bulgaria inquinans Byssocorticium californicum -
Catalogue No. 121 – Sale, Special Offers and Recent Acquisitions
C. Arden, Bookseller Darren Bloodworth The Nursery, Forest Road, Hay-on-Wye, HR3 5DT, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 1497-820471 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ardenbooks.co.uk Catalogue No. 121 – Sale, Special Offers and Recent Acquisitions Sale items : Botany 1 - 112 Entomology 113 - 140 Fine, Illustrated & Antiquarian 141 - 151 Gardening 152 - 207 General 208 - 254 Natural History & Zoology 255 - 266 New Naturalist s 267 - 302 Ornithology 303 - 346 Special offers : Botany 347 - 404 and recent Entomology 405 - 440 acquisitions Fine, Illustrated & Antiquarian 441 - 458 Gardening 459 - 512 Natural History & Zoology 513 - 562 New Naturalists 563 - 611 Ornithology 612 - 688 The stock in the Sale part of this catalogue (items 1 to 346) is an attempt to clear the remains of stock from the year’s previous catalogues. Book prices have already been reduced in many cases and further reductions are available to those who wish to take a risk that their chosen books will be available 10 or even 20 days after receiving this catalogue. Books will be dispatched once orders are complete – this may take up to three weeks if you order books at 50% off. How the Sale works First 10 days of sale…….All books available at prices shown in the catalogue After 10 days……………..If books are still available, we reduce their prices by 25% After 20 days……………..If books are still available, we reduce their prices by 50% We have also included over three hundred Special offers and recent acquisitions at the end of the catalogue (items 347 to 688). These Special offers and recent acquisitions are available at the prices indicated and are not part of the Sale terms. -
Japanese Mushroom Extracts 2
Campo Research CAMPO RESEARCH PTE LTD Level 30, 6 Battery Road, Singapore 049909 Tel: (65) 63833203 / 202 / 63833631 Direct Fax (65) 63833632 / 63834034 Email: [email protected] Website: http///www.campo-research.com CAMPO® Multi-Purpose Cosmetic Base Chemicals & Active Ingredients CAMPO® Novel Functional Active Cosmetic Ingredient & Raw Materials Campo Japanese Mushroom Extracts 2 JAPANESE MUSHROOM EXTRACTS Index Introduction Glycolic Extracts (1,3-butylene glycol) Eburiko Fomistopsis officinalis Kawarate Coriolus versicolor Magojakushi Ganoderma neo-japanicum Mannentake Ganoderma lucidum Matsutake Tricholoma matsutake Raigankin Polyporus mylittae Semitake Cordyceps sabolifera Tsugasaromoshikake Fomistopsis pinicola Tsuriganedake Fomes fometarius Aqueous Extracts Matsutake Tricholoma matsutake IMPORTANT NOTICE Specifications may change without prior notice. Information contained in this technical literature is believed to be accurate and is offered in good faith for the benefit of the customer. The company, however, cannot assume any liability or risk involved in the use of its natural products or their derivatives, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. Statements concerning the possible use are not intended as recommendations to use our products in the infringement of any patent. We make no warranty of any kind; expressed or implied, other than that the material conforms to the applicable standard specifications. Ask about our Herbal Natural Products Chemistry Consultancy Services – Product Registration EEC/UK New Drug Development (NDA-US); Quasi-Drug Topicals (MOHW_Japan); Development of Standards, Analysis & Profiles of Phytochemicals; Literature searches, Cultivation of Medicinal Plants, Clinical-Trials, Development of new uses for Phytochemicals and Extracts; Contract Research and Development Work in Natural Products for Novel Drugs, New Cosmetic Active Ingredients for Active Topica/OTC Cosmetic with functionality and Consumer-perceivable immediate-results, New Food Ingredients for Nutraceuticals & Functional Foods. -
Chemical Elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
Chemical elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes The reference mushrooms as instruments for investigating bioindication and biodiversity Roberto Cenci, Luigi Cocchi, Orlando Petrini, Fabrizio Sena, Carmine Siniscalco, Luciano Vescovi Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena EUR 24415 EN 2011 1 The mission of the JRC-IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via E.Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA) Italy Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC Catalogue number: LB-NA-24415-EN-C Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena JRC65050 EUR 24415 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20395-4 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/22228 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Translation: Dr. Luca Umidi © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 2 Attached to this document is a CD containing: • A PDF copy of this document • Information regarding the soil and mushroom sampling site locations • Analytical data (ca, 300,000) on total samples of soils and mushrooms analysed (ca, 10,000) • The descriptive statistics for all genera and species analysed • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in mushrooms • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in soils 3 Contact information: Address: Roberto M. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death. -
Diversidade E Fenologia Dos Macrofungos Do JBUC
Diversidade e Ecologia dos Macrofungos do Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra Marta Bento Silva Marques Mestrado em Ecologia, Ambiente e Território Departamento de Biologia 2012 Orientador Professor João Paulo Cabral, Professor Associado, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ FCUP ii Diversidade e Fenologia dos Macrofungos do JBUC Agradecimentos Primeiramente, quero agradecer a todas as pessoas que sempre me apoiaram e que de alguma forma contribuíram para que este trabalho se concretizasse. Ao Professor João Paulo Cabral por aceitar a supervisão deste trabalho. Um muito obrigado pelos ensinamentos, amizade e paciência. Quero ainda agradecer ao Professor Nuno Formigo pela ajuda na discussão da parte estatística desta dissertação. Às instituições Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra, Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra e Centro de Ecologia Funcional que me acolheram com muito boa vontade e sempre se prontificaram a ajudar. E ainda, aos seus investigadores pelo apoio no terreno. À Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto e Herbário Doutor Gonçalo Sampaio por todos os materiais disponibilizados. Quero ainda agradecer ao Nuno Grande pela sua amizade e todas as horas que dedicou a acompanhar-me em muitas das pesquisas de campo, nestes três anos. Muito obrigado pela paciência pois eu sei que aturar-me não é fácil. Para o Rui, Isabel e seus lindos filhotes (Zé e Tó) por me distraírem quando preciso, mas pelo lado oposto, me mandarem trabalhar. O incentivo que me deram foi extraordinário. Obrigado por serem quem são! Ainda, e não menos importante, ao João Moreira, aquele amigo especial que, pela sua presença, ajuda e distrai quando necessário. -
Economically Important Plants Arranged Systematically James P
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 1-2017 Economically Important Plants Arranged Systematically James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Economically Important Plants Arranged Systematically" (2017). Botanical Studies. 48. http://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/48 This Economic Botany - Ethnobotany is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS ARRANGED SYSTEMATICALLY Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 30 January 2017 This list began in 1970 as a handout in the Plants and Civilization course that I taught at HSU. It was an updating and expansion of one prepared by Albert F. Hill in his 1952 textbook Economic Botany... and it simply got out of hand. I also thought it would be useful to add a brief description of how the plant is used and what part yields the product. There are a number of more or less encyclopedic references on this subject. The number of plants and the details of their uses is simply overwhelming. In the list below, I have attempted to focus on those plants that are of direct economic importance to us. -
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin Name Comment Habitat Edibility
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin name Comment Habitat Edibility L S 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 90 Abortiporus biennis Blushing rosette On ground from buried hardwood Unknown O06 O V Agaricus albolutescens Amber-staining Agaricus On ground in woods Choice, disagrees with some D06 N N Agaricus arvensis Horse mushroom In grassy places Choice, disagrees with some D06 N F FV V FV V V N Agaricus augustus The prince Under trees in disturbed soil Choice, disagrees with some D06 N V FV FV FV FV V V V FV N Agaricus bernardii Salt-loving Agaricus In sandy soil often near beaches Choice D06 N Agaricus bisporus Button mushroom, was A. brunnescens Cultivated, and as escapee Edible D06 N F N Agaricus bitorquis Sidewalk mushroom In hard packed, disturbed soil Edible D06 N F N Agaricus brunnescens (old name) now A. bisporus D06 F N Agaricus campestris Meadow mushroom In meadows, pastures Choice D06 N V FV F V F FV N Agaricus comtulus Small slender agaricus In grassy places Not recommended D06 N V FV N Agaricus diminutivus group Diminutive agariicus, many similar species On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus dulcidulus Diminutive agaric, in diminitivus group On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed agaricus In needle duff and among twigs Poisonous to many D06 N V V F N Agaricus integer In grassy places often with moss Edible D06 N V Agaricus meleagris (old name) now A moelleri or A.