The LepidopterologicalSocietyLepidopterological Society of Japan ue t ue Lapickvetera Science 62 (2): 98- 1Ol, June 201 1 Pupae of Japanese Callidulidae (Lepidoptera) Masanao NAKAMURA Ubumi 4971-1, Ytito-cho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatu, 431-O102 Japan Abstruct [[he pupae of two callidulid gellera, Callidula Hlibner and Ptervdecta Butler present in Japan are described. From the pupal characteristics, the Callidulidae as designated by Minet (1989) contains two (or more) conspicuously diEferent families, one (incEuding at least the Pterothysaninae) belongs to the Macrolepidoptera and is related to the Bombycoidea, the other (the Callidulinae) is a sister group ef the Hyblaeidae in the Microlepidoptera, True Callidu] Ldae should be restricted to Minet's Callidulinae, Key wordsCallidulidae, Callidula, Pterodecld, pupa, description, classification, phylogeny, Japan. The Callidulidae is a small but curious farnily. Minet separate fatnilies but also they are far apart in phylogenetic (1989) recognized three subfamilies, the Oriental relationships, the fOrmer is a member o'f the so-called Callidulinae, the Madagascan Griveaudiinae and the Microlepidoptera and the latter belongs within the higher Pterothysaninae.Arnongthem,onlytwogeneraPterodectaLepidoptera close to the Bombycoidea. and Callidula in the Callidulinae occur in Japan, Based on the pupal morphology, Nakarnura (1981) Knowledge of the pupae in this family is insufficient and considered R falderi Bren]er should be included that in pupue were recorded only three geilera so fai: Oriental the Pyraloidea and Tschistiakov and Belyaev (1987) Pterodecta, Callidula (Callidulinae) and Madagascan reached a similar conclusion from consideration of the Helicomitru(Pterothysaninae), features of larva and pupa, However, this opinion was not accepted by Minet (1991), who regarded the Callidulidae Research into Callidulid pupa had began with Nagano's as associated with the Macrolepidoptera, placed among (]9l6) survey of the immatures of Pterodecta fetderi the Obtectmera such as Rhopalocera, Drepanoidea or Bremer, Nakamura (1980, 1981) illustrated the pupa and Geometroidea. Holloway (1998) followed this, discussed its phylogenetic pesition. Nishto (19g3, 1987) observed some habits of the adult and 1arva. Tschisci akov The pupa of Heticomitra Butler is allied to those of the and Be]yaev (1 987) described accurately the larva and Bombycidae, especially Prisjnosticta Butler (Nakamura, pupa and discussed their phylogenetic position. 2007) jn the fo11owing features: lacking rnaxillary palpus; Subsequently, Inoguchi and Miyata (1999) successfu11y labial pa]pus adjoining labrum; mandibles never meeting bred the larvae of Catlidula attenuata Moore and Minet on meson; maxi1la reaching before tip of pruthoracic leg; (1987) described the pupa of Madagascan Helicomitra antenna extending at tip of prothoracic leg; suture between monitijlera MabMe. pro- and mesothorax attached to antenna at a point of suture restricting proximal margin of prothoracic ]eg; in this paper, the pupae of Callidula attenttata Moore and pro- and mesothoracic legs meeting on meson; cremaster Pterodecta ,felderi Bremer both o'(' which belong to and cremaster setae absent, etc, (Callidulinae), are described. They are compared wj th that of IIblicomitra monitijlera Mabille (Pterothysaninae) and On the other hand, the pupae of Pterodecta Butler and thejr phylogenetic relation between them discussed, Callidula HUbner show contrasting characteristics to Helicomitra as fbllows: maxillary palpus appearing; labial The morphologicat difference of the pupae between the pa]pus never adjoining labrum; mandiblcs 1arge, meeting two subfarnilies, Callidul'inae (Calliduta and Pterodecta) on mesen; maxilla extending far beyend tip of prothoracic and Pterothysaninae CHeiicomitra), is great and shows too leg; antenna longer than prothoracic leg; suture between much dissimilarity for the insects concerned to be pro- and mesothorax attached to antenna at caudal point uccommodated in the same family, of suture restricting preximal margin of prothoracic leg; Not only does it appear on the basis of pupal morphology pro- and mesothoracic legs never meeting on meson; that these two subfamilies should be censidered to be ¢ remaster and cremaster setae present, etc, Ilaxonomic studies on the pupae of Japanese Lepidoptera-Heterocera XVIII NII-Electronic Library Service The LepidopterologicalSocietyLepidopterological Society ofofJapan Japan PupaeofJapaneseCallidulidae 99 1 ra 3 ' ) L' t-,v'", 1l yL .]o. ' e.t.t / t. .' e.."I ,.. ./.･=--"/ 'L' t. a･,',.)iKS"tSOIn't/L. a 6 5 YI/'tttt 1.....- bl sasSD2 'xq,ilel'tt3vltfsv'Ji?Nnl'Dl eeeeligL "f vtlnelL x:.trx ±-h ,･s/l･ lti,･ Fig. 1, PteivdectaJlalderi Bremer, ventral and lateral views. (after Nakamura, 1980). a: cremaster Fig, 2. Callidula atten"ata Moore, ventral and lateral views, b: cremaster, Fig, 3. Madagascan Helicomitra monilijlrmet Mabi]]e, ventral and lateral views (after Minet, 1987), Fig. 4. H),btaea fbrtissima Butler, ye]tral and lateral views, Hyblaeidae (after Nakamura and Iwata, 1969). Fig. 5. Striglina suz"kii 'ventral Matsumura, and lateral views; Thyrididae (after Nakamura, 1974) Fig. 6. Prismosticta hyatiuata Butler, ventral and lateral views, Bombycidae (after Nakamura, 2007) Accordinglytheauthorconcludes,judgingfromthepupalis valid only for the Pterothysaninae but not acceptable morphology, that the Callidulidae as designated by Minet fdr the Asian Callidulinae which may be closely related (1989) consists of two (or more) completely different to the Pyralidae. Finally, the true Callidulidae should be families, one belonging near the Pyraloidea in the restricted to species belonging to the Cal]idulinae. Microlepidoptera and the other to the Bombycoidea in the in generally, the phylogenetic position of this subfainily Macrolepidoptera, However, the cranial suture is an Callidulinae may be presumed from the pupal abdominal exceptional feature. Minet (1987) noted that the epicranial setae as described below, suture (sic=cranial suture) is present on the pupa of Helicomitra monilijlera Mabitle, According to Mosher The abdominal and L setae of lepidopterous pupae ( 1916), the pupai cranial suture is present in the Pyralidae vary as fOllows:SD and is absent in the Bombycidae, As no pupa of species (1) in the Microlepidoptera except those in (2) below, The in the Griveaudiinae is yet been fbund, the phylogenetic SD1 seta bears a dorsad spiracle and the SD2 seta is position of this subfamily is not clear. ]acking. The Ll seta bears a ventro-cauda] spiracle, In conclusion, the phylogenetic treatment by Minet (199 1) directly be]ow the L2 seta. NII-Electronic Library Service The LepidopterologicalSocietyLepidopterological Society of Japan 1OO M. NAKAMIIRA (2) in the Pyraloidea (Pyralidae, Crambidae, Alucitidae on 5th-7th abdominal segments and setae absent on 8th- and Thyrididae) within the Microlepidoptera, The 1Oth abdominal segments. situation is the same as in (] ) but the L2 seta is absent. Apartfromthis, thetwo familiesare similar to each oth er in (3) the Drepanoidea (Drepanidae, Thyatiridae and in the the day-fiying habit of the adult, vertical wing Epicopeiidae)belongingtothe Macrolepidoptera, the position at rest and the larvae living and pupating within situation is the same as in (1) but the leng SD2 seta is I'olded leaf of the food-fern, etc. present directly above the SDI seta. Therefore the phylogenetic relationship between the (4) in the Macrolepidoptera except those in (3) above. [[be Callidulidae and the Hyblaeidae sheuld be carefully setae as seta situated SD is in (1 ). L1 is directiy below reconsidered, in spite of the fact that the Callidutidae has thespiracle and L2 seta situates ventro-caudad spiracle, been depesited into the unique superfamily Calliduloidea by Heppner (1998). The pupa of the Callidulinae has the same characteristics as (1) above, and therefore it is beyond dispute that this subfamily belongs to the Microlepidopetra excluding Key to the genera Pyraloidea. It is regrettable that the chaetotaxy of the 1. [[lip of maxillary palpus appearing to proximo-lateral Helicomitra pupa has not been clarified, corner ofmaxilla; antenna ending slightly befbre tip of mesothoracic leg; spiracular callosity not raised; Relation to the allied on the mesothoracic Ieg familiesbased pupa]feature reachjng a half length between tip of prothoracic leg and caudal margin of wing; cremaster As mentioned above, there is no doubt that the species of Cal]idulinaearethememberofso-calledMicrolepidoptera, small transversally, ridged ,......,,.,,,, Callidula HUbner "is - but it is questienable that this family a'ffined to the Tip ot' maxillary palpus appearing to proximo-lateral superfamily Pyraloidea" as was mentiened Tschislj corner of by akov prothoracic leg; antenna ending far before tip and Belyaev c.). of mesothoracic (1. leg; spiracular callosity roundea stightly raised; mesothoracjc leg reaching at two thirds the it is true that the peculiar rnouth form of the calliduline- t`relatively length between tip ofprothoracic leg and caudal margin pupa is similar to that of many Pyralinae in the of wing; cremaster small, trigonal high position of Iabium (error of labrum ?), absence of ,,........,,",,.....,,,,....,..H.,,-,,.............PterodectaButler palpi and the large, wide gena sclerites without isolated mandible" (Tschislj akov and Be]yaev, 1. c.), I believe the part indicated as gena by them is the mandible itself and Description of the genera this portion is represented as the lobe by Mosher