The Training and Development of Principals in the Management of the Curriculum

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The Training and Development of Principals in the Management of the Curriculum THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CURRICULUM by ARUNACHELLAN DAYANUNDAN PADAYACHEE THESIS submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR EDUCATIONIS in EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT in the FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND NURSING at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY PROMOTER : PROF BR GROBLER CO-PROMOTER : PROF TC BISSCHOFF FEBRUARY 1999 II THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CURRICULUM A D PADAYACHEE THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CURRICULUM A D PADAYACHEE PROMOTER: PROFESSOR B R GROBLER CO-PROMOTER: PROFESSOR T C BISSCHOFF ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere, and heartfelt thanks and gratitude to: The Creator for his Divine intervention and for granting me the strength, courage and perseverance to complete this project.. My promoter of this thesis, Professor B R Grobler. My sincere appreciation and gratitude for his constructive criticism, encouragement, valuable support, insights and assistance and guidance throughout this study. My co-promoter, Professor T C Bisschoff for his constant encouragement and positive support and guidance throughout this research. Cyril Samuels, Roy Reddy and Raj Mestry for their commitment, hardwork, dedication, assistance, support and team work throughout our studies. My parents Mr and Mrs K A Padayachee for the fountain of inspiration which they provided in directing and leading me through life. My wife Umsha and my children Avashni, Trishanta and Dasevan for their patience, understanding and encouragement throughout my studies. My In-Laws, Mr and Mrs Pillay for their support and blessing during my studies. Rand Afrikaans University for their support and Mr JA Vermeulen, deputy rector for his assistance, encouragement and support. III DEDICATION This Thesis is dedicated to my late brother, Dr Kisten Padayachee for his inspiration and motivation throughout our interactions and to his wife Margaret and children Sherman and Winston for their courage and determination in life. IV SINOPSIS Voorlopige navorsing onder 'n kansmonster van Gauteng skoolhoofde en verskeie deskundiges in onderwysbestuur deur middel van vraelyste het aangetoon dat die volgende vier sleutel — komponente belangrik is om skole doeltreffend te kan bestuur : Kurrikulumbestuur . Bestuur van organisasiestrukture . Bestuur van finansiele en fisiese bronne . Bestuur van opvoeders/onderwysers . Dit is noodsaaklik dat 'n doeltreffende skoolhoof oor die nodige vaardighede, kennis en houdings, om bogenoemde vier komponente voldoende te kan bestuur, moet beskik. Die besondere navorsingsprojek is op die bevoegdhede wat van 'n skoolhoof vereis word om die kurrikulum doeltreffend te kan bestuur afgestem, om sodoende riglyne vir opleidings-en ontwikkelingsprogramme te verskaf. Die ontwikkelingsprogramme sal op die persepsies van die onderwysprofessie en belangrike faktore ten opsigte van skoolbestuur, gebaseer word. In hoofstuk twee is die volgende benaderings ten opsigte van die doeltreffende bestuur van skoolhoofde bespreek : Die bevoegdheidsbenadering wat indringende spesifikasies voorsien ten opsigte van vaardighede en kennis wat van skoolhoofde vereis word om sodoende 'n skool doeltreffend te kan bestuur. Dit sluit ook die standaarde en verskeidenheid situasies in waarin skoolhoofde hulseif moontlik kan bevind ten einde die uitvoering van hierdie take te kan bewerkstellig. Dit is veral ontwikkelings-georienteerd en maak voorsiening vir indringende assessering van onderwysbestuurders. • Die individuele bevoegdheidsbenadering wat die klem op die diepperliggende eienskappe van 'n bestuurder laat val en wat doeltreffendheid of goeie prestasies tot gevolg sal he. Hierdie onderliggende eienskappe of vaardighede mag 'n motief, 'n eienskap, 'n vaardigheid, aspekte van die selfbeeld, 'n sosiale rol of 'n besondere kennisvlak wees wat deur die bestuurder gebruik kan word. Die twee benaderings is gesintetiseer of geintegreer ten einde 'n kontinuum van bevoegdhede te ontwikkel wat veral bekwaamhede, motiewe en eienskappe aan die linkerkant en kennis, vaardighede en funksies aan die regter kant, beklemtoon. Die bevoegdheidskontinuum is as raamwerk vir doeltreffende skoolhoofde gebruik om 'n bevoegdheids-gebaseerde bestuursmatriksmodel (BBM) te ontwikkel. Die BBM model inkorporeer beide die bevoegdheidsbenaderings sodat skole effektief bestuur kan word. Dit fokus op die ontwikkeling van spesifieke bevoegdhede of vaardighede om sekere take of funksies wat van 'n skoolhoof verwag word, te kan uitvoer. Die sleutel komponente van kurrikulumbestuur, bestuur van organisasiestrukture, bestuur van finansiele en fisiese bronne en die bestuur van opvoeders vorm die basis vir die ontwikkeling van 'n sistematiese benadering tot doeltreffende skoolbestuur. Die bestuur van die kurrikulum vorm die kernkomponent en die bestuur van organisasiestrukture en sisteme, die bestuur van opvoeders en die bestuur van finansies en ander materiele bronne vorm die sleutel-aspekte wat onderlingend met mekaar verbind is. As skoolhoofde bevoeg in hierdie sleutelareas is, behoort hulle 'n skool doeltreffend te kan bestuur. Die literatuurondersoek wat in hoofstuk drie onderneem was poog om sleutel aangeleenthede wat by die kurrikulurn betrokke is, te ondersoek. Die skool se hoof VT oogmerk is om in leerlinge se behoeftes te voorsien en om die hoogste kwaliteit van onderwys moontlik te lewer. Sentraal tot die verwesenliking van hierdie oogmerk is dat skoolhoofde aan hul ondernemings 'n sin van samehorigheid en struktuur moet verskaf. Dit kan nie deur 'n kurrikulumetos wat verkeerde leiding gee, behaal word nie. Die kurrikulum vorm die fondasie van al die opvoedingsaktiwiteite en kan as die belangrikste onafhanklike veranderlike wat die doeltreffendheid van die skool bepaal, beskou word. Doeltreffende skole is moontlik waar daar 'n sterk kultuur vir skoolverbetering teenwoordig is. Die literatuur dui aan dat skoolhoofde deeglik oor die bestuur van die kurrikulum moet besin. Skoolhoofde moet die nodige kennis, vaardighede, houdings en waardes besit wat benodig word om die kurrikulum te bestuur. Dit is dan ook die oogmerk van hierdie proefskrif om riglyne vir 'n opleidings- en ontwilckelingsprogram vir skoolhoofde te ontwerp wat hulle met die nodige kennis, vaardighede, houdings en waardes sal toerus sodat hulle die skoolkurrikulum doeltreffend en doelmatig sal bestuur. Ten einde die kurrikulum doeltreffend te kan bestuur behoort skoolhoofde ten opsite van die volgende aspekte bevoegd te wees: Daarstelling van 'n visie. Die daarstelling van 'n gesamentlike visie veroorsaak interne beginselvastheid wat die skool die geleentheid gee om sy bronne op sleutel aktiwiteite en prosesse soos deur sy visie, missie en doelstellings uitgestippel is, toe te spits. Die daarstelling van 'n visie omvat sleutelelemente soos die skepping van gesamentlike begrip, effektiewe kommunikasie en die bou van konsensus en gebondenheid. Kurrikulumbeplanning. Kurrikulumbeplanning sorg dat sekere aktiwiteite en uitkomstes omskrywe en geoorloof word. Drie belangrike kurrikulumbeplannings- elemente is: VII ❖ Kurrikulumkragte. Dit verwys na basiese oorwegings wat bestuurders, onderwysers en leerders rigting gee ten opsigte van relevante aangeleenthede tot kurrikulumbeplanning. Kurrikulumbesluite. Dit verwys na die keuses wat deur bestuurstrukture en skoolbeheerliggame gemaak word wat die eienskappe van die kurrikulum weerspieel. Kurrikulumbestuursplanne. Dit verwys na die riglyne vir leergeleenthede wat deur die skool verskaf word en is insluitend van die organisering en instruksies van die spesifieke leerervarings wat in die behoeftes van al die leerders voorsien. Kurrikulumimplementering. Die proses van kurrikulumimplementering vereis 'n wisselwerking tussen die skoolhoof en mense. Vier sleutelelemente wat benodig word om die kurrikulum doeltreffend te implementeer is organisering, delegering, koordinering en kontrolering. Hierdie prosesse is ontwerp om 'n bevorderlike leeromgewing te skep en om die funksies van konsulterende en deelnemende bestuur te vergemaklik. Evaluering. Skoolhoofde behoort bewus te wees en ook verseker dat onderwysers en leerders vertroud is met die standaarde wat van hulle verwag word. Terselfdertyd moet onderwysers en leerders 'n groot verskeidenheid evalueringstelsels gebruik ten einde die leerprogramme en aktiwiteite te evalueer. Vervolgens is 'n gestrukureerde vraelys ontwerp om die persepsies van lede van die onderwysprofessie te verkry ten einde die belangrikheid van spesifieke bevoegdhede by skoolhoofde uit te wys om sodoende skole meer doeltreffend te kan bestuur. In hoofstuk vier word 'n beskrywing van die empiriese navorsing onderneem. Die response met betrekking tot die bestuur van opvoeders is vervolgens geanaliseer en bespreek. Biografiese inligting wat moontlik die bevoegdhede van skoolhoofde ten opsigte van bestuur kon beinvloed is ook verkry. In hoofstuk vyf word die 100 items van die gestruktureerde vraelys aan twee opeenvolgende faktoranalitiese prosedures onderwerp. VIII Die eerste orde faktoranalise het aangetoon dat doeltreffende bestuur op sewe onderliggende faktore gebaseer is, naamlik: bevoegde deelnemendebestuur wat uit 36 items bestaan met 'n Cronbach-alpha- betroudbaarheidskoeffisient van 0,981; bevoegde fasiliterendebestuur wat uit 36 items bestaan met 'n Cronbach-alpha- betroubaarheidskoeffisient van 0,973; bevoegde kwaliteitbestuur wat uit 12 items bestaan met 'n Cronbach-alpha- betroubaarheidskoeffisient van 0,933; bevoegde konsulterendebestuur
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