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CAP-2.Pdf (2.381Mb) CAPITULO II ______________________________________________________________ LOS MUNICIPIOS FLAVIOS 39 II. MUNICIPALIZACIÓN FLAVIA EN LA PROVINCIA DE BÉTICA. La concesión del derecho latino supuso una transformación para las comunidades indígenas, que hasta el momento no habían disfrutado de estatuto privilegiado alguno; eran simples comunidades stipendiariae1, liberae2 o foederatae3 que a partir de ahora pasan a ser municipios latinos. Se trata de un número limitado de comunidades indígenas (aciniponenses, arundenses, baedronenses, cartimatenses, conobarienses, curigenses, ilipulenses, mellarienses, obulculenses, oningitenses, osquenses, ostipponenses, saborenses, singilienses, sosontigitanos, suelenses, ventipponenses, y pocas más), puesto que el testimonio de Ptolomeo y los análisis arqueológicos sobre la organización territorial ibérica catalogan en la zona muchos otros centros indígenas, de estatuto indefinido. Para la identificación de estos municipios flavios, nos hemos basado en la titulación de los enclaves, en los que se conserva la toponímia indígena, desarrollada con el apelativo de Municipium flavium, y en la presencia de la tribu Quirina. Se trata de los siguientes: MUNICIPIOS FLAVIOS EN LA PROVINCIA BAETICA Denominación Localización Referencia Municipal Acinipo Ronda la Vieja (MA) C.I.L. II, 1348; 1350 Alameda Alameda (MA) C.I.L. II2/5, 913 Aratispi Cauche el Viejo (MA) C.I.L. II2/5, 730; 5, 731; 5, 732 Arunda Ronda (MA) C.I.L. II, 1359 Arva El Castillejo, CILASE, 220; 223; 224; 225 Alcolea del Rio (SE) 1. PLINIO, (NH, III, 11-12): "Oppida Hispalerisis conventus Celti, Axati, Arua, Canama, Naeva, Ilipa cognomine Ilpa, Italica et a laeva Hispal colonia cognomine Romulensis; ex adverso oppidum Osset quod cognominatur Iulia Constantia, Lucurgentum quod Iuli Genius, Orippo, Caura, Siarum, fluvius Maenuba Baeti et ipse a dextro latere infusus. At inter aestuaria Baetis oppida Nabrissa cognomine Veneria et Colobana, coloniae Hasta quae Regia dicitur et in mediterraneo Asido quae Caesarina"; "Singilis fluvius, in Baetim quo dictum est ordine inrumpens, Astigitanam coloniam adluit cognomine Augustam Firmam: ab ea navigabilis. Huius conventus sunt reliquae coloniae inmunes Tucci quae cognominatur Augusta Gemella, Ituci quae Virtus Iulia, Vcubi quae Claritas Iulia, Vrso quae Genetiva Vrbanorum, inter quae fuit Munda cum Pompeio filio rapta; oppida libera Astigi Vetus, Ostippo; stipendiaria Callet, Callicula, Castra Gemina, Ilipula Minor, Marruca, Sacrana, Obulcula, Oningi, Sabora, Ventippo. Maenubam amnem et ipsum navigabilem haut procul accolunt Olontigi, Laelia, Lastigi"; PLINIO, NH, III, 14: "Altera Beturia, quam diximus Turdulorum et conventus Cordubensis, habet oppida non ignobilia Arsam, Mellariam, Mirobrigam, Reginam, Sosontigim, Sisaponem". 2. PLINIO, (NH, III, 7) y (NH; III, 12). 3. PLINIO, (NH, III, 8): "Dein litore interno oppidum Barbesula cum fluvio, item Salduba, oppidum Suel, Malaca cum fluvio foederatorum; dein Maenuba cum fluvio, Sexi cognomine Firmum Iulium, Sel, Abdara, Murgi Baeticae finis". 40 Aurgi Jaén C.I.L. II2/5, 29; 5, 31; 5, 32; 5, 49 Axati Lora del Rio (SE) CILASE, 206; 207 La Atalaya Cº La Atalaya-Cª de las Balas del C.I.L. II2/5, 1120 Ctjo. El Nuño, Écija, (SE) Baedro Los Pedroches (CO) C.I.L. II2/7, 845 Barbesula Torre de Guadiaro, C.I.L. II, 1338, 1940, 1941 San Roque (CA) Bujalance-Cañete Bujalance-Cañete de Las Torres C.I.L. II2/7, 180 de las Torres (CO) Canania La Mesa, CILASE, 234; Alcolea del Rio (SE) 239; 266 Carruca Ctjo. de Cosmes (SE) C.I.L. II2/5, 1145 Cartima Cártama (MA) C.I.L. II, 1949; 1956; 1957 Castro del Rio Castro del Río (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 401 Cisimbrium Zambra (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 291; 5, 292; 5, 296 Conobaria Las Palmillas, CILASE, 994 Las Cabezas de San Juan (SE) Corticata Cortegana (HU)? ZPE, 63 (1986), 217ss lex municipalis Cumbres Mayores Cumbres Mayores (HU) CILH, 83 Curiga La Candelaria, Monesterio (BA) C.I.L. II, 1040 Igabrum Cabra (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 308; 5, 311 Ilipula Minor Cortijos de Repla, C.I.L. II2/5, 896; 5, 897 Los Corrales (SE) Iliturgicola Cº de las Cabezas, Fuente Tójar C.I.L. II2/5, 896; 5, 254 (CO) Ilurco Cº de los Infantes (GR) C.I.L. II, 1200 C.I.L. II2/5, 670; 5, 678 ; 5, 679; 5, 681 Iluro Alora (MA) C.I.L. II, 1945 Ipolcobucula Carcabuey (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 267; 5, 277 Iponoba Cº del Minguillar (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 274; 5, 366 41 Iporca? Constantina, (SE) CILASE, 1048 Ipsca Cortijos de Iscar (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 391; 5, 387-389 Iptucci Tejada la Vieja, CILAH, 84 Escacena del Campo (HU) Irni El Saucejo, CILASE, 1201 Molino Postero (SE) Lacilbula Ctjo. El Clavíjo, Grazalema (CA) C.I.L. II, 1342 Malaca Málaga (MA) C.I.L. II, 1973, 1969, 1970, 1963, 1964 Mellaria Cº de Masatrigo, C.I.L. II2/7, 798; 7, 801 Fuente Obejuna (CO) Mirobriga Cº del Cabezo, C.I.L. II2/7, 852; 7, 853 Capilla (BA) Monturque Monturque (CO) C.I.L. II2/5, 615 Munigua Dehesa de Mulva, Villnª del Río y CILASE, 1072-1075, 1055, Minas (SE) 1058, 1059, 1053, 1064, 1065, 1071, 1062, 1066, 1068 Naeva Cantillana (SE) CILASE, 1049, 271, 272 Nescania Valle de Abdalajis (MA) C.I.L. II2/5, 841; 5, 838; 5, 839 5, 849 Oba Jimena de la Frontera, C.I.L. II 1330, 1334 (CA) Obulcula? La Monclova, Fuentes de C.I.L. II2/5, 1322 Andalucía (SE) Ocurri Casas de Santa Lucía, C.I.L. II 1336, 1337 Ubrique (CA) Oducia La Mesa de Lora, (SE) C.I.L. II2/5, 1330 Oningi Ctjo. Las Ángulas, Casariche (SE) C.I.L. II2/5, 930 Osqua Cº del León-Huerta Solana, C.I.L. II2/5, 718; 5, 736 Villanª de la Concepción, (MA) Ostippo Estepa (SE) C.I.L. II2/5, 787; 5, 959; 5, 994 42 Ostur Villalba del Alcor (HU) C.I.L. II2 Sabora Cañete la Real (MA) C.I.L. II2/5, 871 Saepo Dehesa de la Fantasía, Cortes de C.I.L. II 1339, 1340, 1341 la Frontera (MA) Salpensa Cº El Casar, Utrera (SE) C.I.L. II, 1286; lex municipalis Segovia Isla de Castillo (SE) CILASE, 4 Singilia Barba El Castillón, C.I.L. II2/5, 788; Antequera (MA) 5, 783-786; 5, 789; 5, 792; 5, 796; 5, 798-800; 5, 777; 5, 779 Sosontigi Alcaudete (JA) C.I.L. II2/5, 232; 5, 247; 5, 367 Suel Fuengirola (MA) C.I.L. II, 1944 Ulisi La Camila, Archidona - Ctjo. Los C.I.L. II2/5, 720; Llanos, Villanª del Rosario, (MA) 5, 721 MFV(---) Azuaga (BA) C.I.L. II2/7, 887; 7, 887a; 7, 888; 7, 890 Ventippo Casariche (SE) C.I.L. II2/5, 919; 5, 1006 Villo Puebla de Cazalla, CILASE, 1206; Rancho de la Estaca (SE) lex municipalis 43 II.1. ACINIPO. Acinipo aparece constatada en Plinio, (NH, III, 14) y Ptolomeo, (Geographia, II, 4, 11). El naturalista la señala entre las poblaciones de los celtas y Ptolomeo concuerda en esta misma adscripción. Asimismo, la población aparece citada en las Actas del Concilio de Elvira del año 300-302 d.C. Los descubrimientos epigráficos (C.I.L., II 1346, 1347, 1350 y 1351) y numismáticos también constatan el nomen de la ciudad. El conjunto epigráfico que adscribimos a Acinipo y a su territorio está constituido por 18 inscripciones4, de las que E. Hübner procedió a catalogar 145. Con posterioridad al C.I.L. II han realizado aportaciones P. Rodríguez Oliva, B. Nieto y A. Ventura6. La ciudad, acuña moneda con la leyenda Acinippo7, topónimo considerado por L. García Iglesias y L. Pérez Vilatela como el nombre indígena de la ciudad8, conformado por la raiz indoeuropea aken y el elemento no indoeuropeo ippo, que unidos es cotejable con el griego ï6D`B@84H. Acuñó semises, algunos reacuñados sobre ases de otras cecas como la de Obulco9, y ases del 47-44 a.C. Como los tipos se documenta un racimo de uvas y una espiga de trigo10. Los restos arqueológicos conservados son de gran trascendencia y han sido objeto de diversas campañas arqueológicas, dirigidas por el profesor P. Aguayo desde 198511. Estas actividades han documentado diferentes aspectos de la evolución de la ciudad. El municipio romano se asentó sobre una meseta, situada a doce kms al noroeste de la ciudad de Ronda (Málaga) y conocida popularmente como "Ronda la Vieja". Acinipo se sitúa entre tres valles, al Guadiaro, Guadalete y Guadajoz; desde su posición podía controlar la via romana procedente de Carteia, asi como sus ramificaciones hacia el río Corbones, alto Guadalete y la campiña sevillana12. 4. Cf. Ch. DUBOIS, (1901), pp. 209-225; M. RODRÍGUEZ DE BERLANGA, (1903), pp. 49-50, nº IX; R. AMADOR DE LOS RIOS, (1907), p. 413; (ILER), 576; C. DÍAZ VALERA, (1979), pp. 8-10; ILMM, pp. 48-49, nº 47; AE, (1981), p. 127, nº 513; HEp 1, (1989), pp. 124-126, nº 475. 5. Cf. E. HÜBNER, C.I.L. II, Acinipo, pp. 181-184, nº 1344-1357; E. HÜBNER, C.I.L. II, Supplementum, Acinipo, p. 701, 847. 6. Cf. P. RODRÍGUEZ OLIVA, (1979)1, pp. 14-21; B. NIETO y A. VENTURA, (1990)2, pp. 149-158. 7. Cf. A. VIVES Y ESCUDERO, (1926), III, p. 82; A. BELTRÁN, (1950), p. 444; A. BELTRÁN, (1954), p. 58; O. GIL FARRÉS, (1966), p. 340; A.M. GUADÁN, (1969), p. 183 fig. 166-168; J.R. ANDERICA, (1984), p. 34; J.R. ANDERICA, (1986); L. VILLARONGA, (1987), p. 19, fig. 103, 234, 855, 856. 8. Cf. L. GARCÍA IGLESIAS, (1971), pp. 95-96; L. PÉREZ VILATELA, (1990), pp. 15-105. 9. Cf. B. MORA, (1987)1, p. 20. 10. Cf. B. MORA y M. OJEDA, (1987)2, pp.
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