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Degradace Korostanových Barviv Mikroorganizmy

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Degradace Korostanových Barviv Mikroorganizmy MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV EXPERIMENTÁLNÍ BIOLOGIE DEGRADACE KOROSTANOVÝCH BARVIV MIKROORGANIZMY Diplomová práce Martin Struk Vedoucí práce: Brno 2018 doc. RNDr. Miroslav Němec, CSc. Bibliografický záznam Autor: Martin Struk Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav experimentální biologie Název práce: Degradace korostanových barviv mikroorganizmy Studijní program: Experimentální biologie Speciální biologie, zaměření Mikrobiologie a Studijní obor: molekulární biotechnologie Vedoucí práce: doc. RNDr. Miroslav Němec, CSc. Akademický rok: 2017/2018 Počet stran: 96 Klíčová slova: Dekolorizace, Azo barviva, Rostoucí buňky, Nerostoucí buňky, Bakterie, Korostanová barviva, Kultivace Bibliografický záznam Autor: Martin Struk Prírodovedecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav experimentálnej biológie Názov práce: Degradácia korostanových farbív mikroorganizmami Študijný program: Experimentálna biológia Špeciálna biológia, zameranie Mikrobiológia a Študijný obor: molekulárna biotechnológia Vedúci práce: doc. RNDr. Miroslav Němec, CSc. Akademický rok: 2017/2018 Počet strán: 96 Kľúčové slová: Dekolorizácia, Azo farbivá, Rastúce bunky, Nerastúce bunky, Baktérie, Korostanové farbivá farbivá, Kultivácia Bibliographic Entry Author Martin Struk Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Experimental Biology Title of Thesis: Microbial degradation of korostan dyes Degree programme: Experimental Biology Special Biology, specialization Microbiology and Field of Study: Molecular Biotechnology Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Miroslav Němec, CSc. Academic Year: 2017/2018 Number of Pages: 96 Keywords: Decolorization, Azo dyes, Viable cells, Non-growing cells, Bacteria, Korostan dyes, Cultivation Abstrakt Azo farbivá sú priemyselne najpoužívanejšie syntetické farbivá. Textilný a kožiarsky priemysel je najväčším producentom odpadovej vody s ich obsahom. Konvenčné fyzikálno- chemické spôsoby ich čistenia sú nedostatočné a pozornosť sa preto zameriava na využitie mikroorganizmov. Mnohé z nich sú schopné odstrániť azo farbivá absorpciou alebo degradáciou. Efektivita celého procesu je ovplyvnená rôznymi faktormi prostredia. Cieľom predkladanej diplomovej práce je skúmanie a sledovanie dekolorizačných schopností vybraných kmeňov baktérii a kvasiniek na azo farbive Korostanová modrá BS. Sledovaný bol vplyv počiatočnej koncentrácie, teploty, spôsobu kultivácie, použitého na rastúcich bunkách a vplyv teploty, pH na nerastúcich bunkách. Abstrakt Azobarviva jsou průmyslově nejpoužívanější syntetická barviva. Textilní a kožedělný průmysl je největším producentem odpadní vody s jejich obsahem. Konvenční fyzikálně-chemické způsoby jejich čištění jsou nedostatečné a pozornost se proto zaměřuje na využití mikroorganismů. Mnohé z nich jsou schopny odstranit azobarviva absorpcí nebo degradací. Efektivita celého procesu je ovlivněna různými faktory prostředí. Cílem předkládané diplomové práce bylo studium dekolorizačných schopností vybraných kmenů bakterií a kvasinek na azo barvivu Korostanová modř BS. Sledovaný byl vliv počáteční koncentrace, teploty, způsobu kultivace, použitého na rostoucích buňkách a vliv teploty, pH na nerostoucích buňkách. Abstract Azo dyes are the most used synthetic dyes in industry. Textile and leather factories are the largest producers of wastewater containing these dyes. Conventional physico- chemical methods for their purification are inadequate; and attention is therefore drawn to the use of microorganisms. Many of them are able to remove azo dyes by absorption or degradation. The efficiency of the whole process is influenced by various environmental factors. The aim of this diploma thesis is to study the decolorization capabilities of selected bacteria and yeast strains on the azo dye Korostan Blue BS. The effect of the initial concentration, temperature, and cultivation method used on growing cells was monitored; as well as the effects of temperature and pH on non-growing cells. Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěl poděkovat panu doc. RNDr. Miroslavu Němcovi, CSc. za cenné rady a připomínky, za vstřícnost, trpělivost a čas, který mi věnoval při vedení mé diplomové práce. Dále děkuji všem zaměstnancům Oddělení mikrobiologie a molekulární biotechnologie za pomoc a příjemné pracovní prostředí. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svoji diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně s využitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. Brno 8. mája 2018 ……………………………… Martin Struk Obsah Zoznam použitých skratiek .............................................................................................. 11 1. Úvod ............................................................................................................................. 12 2. Delenie organických farbív a ich charakteristika ................................................... 13 2.1. Azo farbivá ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Reaktívne farbivá ...................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Kyslé farbivá............................................................................................................. 15 2.4. Bazické (katiónové) farbivá...................................................................................... 15 2.5. Priame farbivá........................................................................................................... 16 2.6. Disperzné farbivá ...................................................................................................... 16 2.7. Moridlové farbivá ..................................................................................................... 17 2.8. Rozpustné farbivá ..................................................................................................... 18 2.9. Farbivá obsahujúce síru ............................................................................................ 18 2.10. Kypové farbivá ..................................................................................................... 19 3. Toxicita ........................................................................................................................ 20 3.1. Čo je toxicita ............................................................................................................. 20 3.2. Odhad rizika ............................................................................................................. 21 3.3. Ekotoxikologické biotesty ........................................................................................ 21 3.4. Toxicita azo farbív .................................................................................................... 23 4. Dekolorizácia organických látok organizmami ....................................................... 25 4.1. Baktérie ..................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Huby ......................................................................................................................... 30 4.3. Kvasinky ................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.1. Adsorpcia a bioakumulácia ................................................................................... 35 4.3.2. Degradácia ............................................................................................................ 36 4.4. Riasy a cyanobaktérie ............................................................................................... 37 4.4.1. Biodegradácia ....................................................................................................... 37 4.4.2. Biosorpcia ............................................................................................................. 39 5. Cieľ práce .................................................................................................................... 41 6. Materiál a metódy ...................................................................................................... 42 6.1. Materiál ..................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.1. Použité mikroorganizmy ....................................................................................... 42 6.1.2. Kultivačné pôdy .................................................................................................... 42 6.1.3. Chemikálie a roztoky ............................................................................................ 44 9 6.1.4. Prístroje a počítačové programy ........................................................................... 44 6.2. Metódy ...................................................................................................................... 45 6.2.1. Príprava roztokov azo farbív ................................................................................. 45 6.2.2. Uchovávanie kultúr ............................................................................................... 45 6.2.3. Príprava 24 hodinových kultúr ............................................................................. 45 6.2.4. Výpočet množstva dekolorizovaného farbiva ....................................................... 45 6.2.5. Výpočet sušiny ...................................................................................................... 46 6.2.6. Dekolorizácie korostanovej modrej rastúcimi bunkami
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