NICODOM IR Dyes and Pigments –List of Spectra
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Natural Colourants with Ancient Concept and Probable Uses
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php Review Open Access Natural Colourants With Ancient Concept and Probable Uses Tabassum Khair1, Sujoy Bhusan2, Koushik Choudhury2, Ratna Choudhury3, Manabendra Debnath4 and Biplab De2* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India. 2 Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science And Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura, India. 3 Rajnagar H. S. School, Agartala, Tripura, India. 4 Department of Human Physiology, Swami Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Tripura, India. *Corresponding author: Biplab De, E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 20, 2017, Accepted: April 15, 2017, Published: April 15, 2017. ABSTRACT: The majority of natural colourants are of vegetable origin from plant sources –roots, berries, barks, leaves, wood and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. In the medicinal and food products apart from active constituents there are several other ingredients present which are used for either ethical or technical reasons. Colouring agent is one of them, known as excipients. The discovery of man-made synthetic dye in the mid-19th century triggered a long decline in the large-scale market for natural dyes as practiced by the villagers and tribes. The continuous use of synthetic colours in textile and food industry has been found to be detrimental to human health, also leading to environmental degradation. Biocolours are extracted by the villagers and certain tribes from natural herbs, plants as leaves, fruits (rind or seeds), flowers (petals, stamens), bark or roots, minerals such as prussian blue, red ochre & ultramarine blue and are also of insect origin such as lac, cochineal and kermes. -
The Maiwa Guide to NATURAL DYES W H at T H Ey a R E a N D H Ow to U S E T H E M
the maiwa guide to NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM WA L NUT NATURA L I ND IG O MADDER TARA SYM PL O C OS SUMA C SE Q UO I A MAR IG O L D SA FFL OWER B U CK THORN LIVI N G B L UE MYRO B A L AN K AMA L A L A C I ND IG O HENNA H I MA L AYAN RHU B AR B G A LL NUT WE L D P OME G RANATE L O G WOOD EASTERN B RA ZIL WOOD C UT C H C HAMOM IL E ( SA PP ANWOOD ) A LK ANET ON I ON S KI NS OSA G E C HESTNUT C O C H I NEA L Q UE B RA C HO EU P ATOR I UM $1.00 603216 NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM Artisans have added colour to cloth for thousands of years. It is only recently (the first artificial dye was invented in 1857) that the textile industry has turned to synthetic dyes. Today, many craftspeople are rediscovering the joy of achieving colour through the use of renewable, non-toxic, natural sources. Natural dyes are inviting and satisfying to use. Most are familiar substances that will spark creative ideas and widen your view of the world. Try experimenting. Colour can be coaxed from many different sources. Once the cloth or fibre is prepared for dyeing it will soak up the colour, yielding a range of results from deep jew- el-like tones to dusky heathers and pastels. -
Chemical Groups and Botanical Distribution
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 8, Issue 10, 2016 Review Article REVIEW: FROM SCREENING TO APPLICATION OF MOROCCAN DYEING PLANTS: CHEMICAL GROUPS AND BOTANICAL DISTRIBUTION IMANE ALOUANI, MOHAMMED OULAD BOUYAHYA IDRISSI, MUSTAPHA DRAOUI, MUSTAPHA BOUATIA Laboratory of Analytical Chemestry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat Email: [email protected] Received: 19 May 2016 Revised and Accepted: 12 Aug 2016 ABSTRACT Many dyes are contained in plants and are used for coloring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemicals families of plant dye which are contained in more than 450 plants known around the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dyes plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical Composition, Colors and parts of the plant used. Keywords: Natural dye, Morocco, Chemical structures, Plant pigments, Extraction © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.12960 INTRODUCTION [5]. They are also biodegradable and compatible with the environment [12]. Several hundred species of plants are used around the world, sometimes for thousands of years for their ability to stain a medium In this article, we process methods of extraction and analysis, or material[1]. -
Pale Intrusions Into Blue: the Development of a Color Hannah Rose Mendoza
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 Pale Intrusions into Blue: The Development of a Color Hannah Rose Mendoza Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS AND DANCE PALE INTRUSIONS INTO BLUE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COLOR By HANNAH ROSE MENDOZA A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2004 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Hannah Rose Mendoza defended on October 21, 2004. _________________________ Lisa Waxman Professor Directing Thesis _________________________ Peter Munton Committee Member _________________________ Ricardo Navarro Committee Member Approved: ______________________________________ Eric Wiedegreen, Chair, Department of Interior Design ______________________________________ Sally Mcrorie, Dean, School of Visual Arts & Dance The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Pepe, te amo y gracias. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my gratitude to Lisa Waxman for her unflagging enthusiasm and sharp attention to detail. I also wish to thank the other members of my committee, Peter Munton and Rick Navarro for taking the time to read my thesis and offer a very helpful critique. I want to acknowledge the support received from my Mom and Dad, whose faith in me helped me get through this. Finally, I want to thank my son Jack, who despite being born as my thesis was nearing completion, saw fit to spit up on the manuscript only once. -
Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics Xizhe Zhao The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3258 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics By Xizhe Zhao A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The City University of New York. 2019 © 2019 Xizhe Zhao All Rights Reserved ii Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics by Xizhe Zhao This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Chemistry in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 04/29/19 Prof. Shi Jin _________________________ __________________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee 04/29/19 Prof. Brian R. Gibney _________________________ __________________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Prof. Krishnaswami Raja Prof. Sanjai Kumar Pathak THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Mild Synthesis of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides with Potential Applications in Organic Optoelectronics By Xizhe Zhao Advisor: Professor Shi Jin Perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives are considered good n-type semi-conductors. In past decades, there has been extensive study on their synthesis and electronic properties. -
ABSTRACT WANG, GUAN. Synthesis and Application of Bleach Activators
ABSTRACT WANG, GUAN. Synthesis and Application of Bleach Activators Containing Various Cationic Groups and PET Fabric Decolorization using Fenton’s Reagent. (Under the direction of Dr. David Hinks.) CBAs are quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) that are extensively used in various applications. Although most of the QAS are generally believed to be nontoxic to humans, they will harm aquatic life both animals and plants. CBAs are applied in textile bleaching process and the wastewater after bleaching contains chemicals including bleach activators. Even though wastewater contains CBAs will be treated in a wastewater treatment plant, the treated water still contain these chemicals. The study of acute toxicity and genotoxicity of CBAs to aquatic organisms was conducted in this study. Eight new bleach activators and two bench mark cationic bleach activators were investigated. New invented cationic bleach activator 3- PBBC is 86 times less toxic in the Daphnia sp. Immobilization Test, 18 times less toxic in Algae Toxicity assay and 10 times less mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay in comparison with the benchmark product (TBBC). This confirmed that replacing the cationic group in CBAs using low toxicity ammines can reduce the toxicity of CBAs to aquatic organisms. An effective low temperature and neutral pH bleaching system was developed using CBAs. A comparison life-cycle assessment for conventional and innovational bleaching system was conducted in this study. Their relative environmental performance was analyzed and compared. Based on data from industry, pre-published research, lab-scale experiments and the Ecoinvent database, the life-cycle-inventory (LCI) for both innovative and conventional bleaching process was developed. -
Making Basic Period Pigments at Home
Making Basic Period Pigments at Home KWHSS – July 2019 Barony of Coeur d’Ennui Kingdom of Calontir Mistress Aidan Cocrinn, O.L., Barony of Forgotten Sea, Kingdom of Calontir Mka Holly Cochran [email protected] Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Safety Rules: .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Basic References ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Other important references:..................................................................................................................... 6 Blacks ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Lamp black ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Vine black .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Bone Black ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Whites ........................................................................................................................................................ -
Use of Orcein in Detecting Hepatitis B Antigen in Paraffin Sections of Liver
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.35.4.430 on 1 April 1982. Downloaded from J Clin Pathol 1982;35:430-433 Use of orcein in detecting hepatitis B antigen in paraffin sections of liver P KIRKPATRICK From the Department ofHistopathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxjord OX3 9DU SUMMARY This study has shown that different supplies/batches of orcein perform differently and may fail. The "natural" forms generally performed better although the most informative results were obtained with a "synthetic" product. Orcein dye solutions can be used soon after preparation and for up to 7 days without the need for differentiation. After 10 days or so the staining properties become much less selective. Non-specific staining severely reduces contrast and upon differentiation overall contrast is reduced and the staining of elastin is reduced. Copper-associated protein positivity gradually fails and after 14 days is lost. For demonstrating HBsAg in paraffin sections of liver, it is best to use orcein dye preparations that are no older than 7 days and to test each batch of orcein against a known positive control. Orcein dye solutions are now commonly used for the was evaluated. detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Eight samples of orcein were supplied by: Sigma copyright. and copper-associated protein in paraffin sections London Chemical ("natural" batch Nos 89C-0264 of liver.' It is generally believed that orcein dyes and 59C-0254 and "synthetic" batch Nos 31 F-0441); from a single source should be used. 2-6 Variable Raymond A Lamb ("natural" batch No 5094); results are obtained with different reagents perhaps Difco Laboratories ("natural" batch No 3220); because of different manufacturing procedures or BDH Chemicals ("synthetic" batch No 5575420A); significant batch variations. -
Writes of Spring
On 20 March 2019 we asked people across the UK to capture the arrival of the first official day of spring and help create a crowd-sourced nature diary. More than 400 people did just that from across the four corners of the UK – celebrating this season of colour and the natural world coming to life. The following pages are a selection of the entries curated by the writer Abi Andrews. Introduction n 2018, my spring was spent in a caravan, in a glade in view of Carningli mountain, Itopped by a rocky grey outcrop with purple heathers, confettied below with vivid yellow gorse. The caravan sat within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, in an area that saw an influx of ‘back-to-the-landers’ during the seventies. In it you will find covert, sympathetically built dwellings and cooperative human communities in repurposed farmhouses, lying between woods of bent, blackened oaks, their flamboyant colonies of lichens, and boulders covered with soft and ecstatic mosses. On the moors are strange, stunted Welsh horses, their silhouettes hunched like the simplified animals of Neolithic rock art. Clear spring water gurgles up and silvers everything, running brown through the taps after a heavy rain. At night, owls call to each other. In spring 2019, I was the most attentive to the living world that I have ever been, for the transition of a season. I grew up in suburbia, and moved soon after to a city. Living closer to the land has offered me an anchoring, in noticing the seasons more: the fatigue that comes with winter darkness, the processing of firewood for next year, the harvesting of food — being reminded all the time of the future by preparing for it. -
Origin of the Exotic Blue Color of Copper-Containing Historical
Article pubs.acs.org/IC Origin of the Exotic Blue Color of Copper-Containing Historical Pigments Pablo García-Fernandez,́ * Miguel Moreno, and JoséAntonio Aramburu Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The study of chemical factors that influence pigment coloring is a field of fundamental interest that is still dominated by many uncertainties. In this Article, we investigate, by means of ab initio calculations, the origin of the unusual bright blue color displayed by historical Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10) and Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10) pigments that is surprisingly not found in other 6− compounds like BaCuSi2O6 or CaCuO2 containing the same CuO4 chromophore. We show that the differences in hue between these systems are controlled by a large red-shift (up to 7100 cm−1) fi 6− produced by an electrostatic eld created by a lattice over the CuO4 chromophore from the energy of the 3z2-r2 → x2-y2 transition, a nonlocal phenomenon widely ignored in the realm of transition metal chemistry and strongly dependent upon the crystal structure. Along 4− this line, we demonstrate that, although SiO4 units are not involved in the chromophore itself, the introduction of sand to create CaCuSi4O10 plays a key role in obtaining the characteristic hue of the Egyptian Blue pigment. The results presented here demonstrate the opportunity for tuning the properties of a given chromophore by modifying the structure of the insulating lattice where it is located. ■ INTRODUCTION even then they remained rare. -
Chromosomal Staining Comparison of Plant Cells with Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and Lac (Laccifer Lacca Kerr)
© 2010 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 75(1): 89–97, 2010 Chromosomal Staining Comparison of Plant Cells with Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Lac (Laccifer lacca Kerr) Praween Supanuam1, Alongkoad Tanomtong1,*, Sirilak Thiprautree1, Somret Sikhruadong2 and Bhuvadol Gomontean3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Muang, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakam, 44150, Thailand Received October 10, 2009; accepted February 8, 2010 Summary The study on chromosomal staining comparison of plant cells with natural dyes was carried out to compromise the use of expensive dyes. Dyes from black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Lac (Laccifer lacca Kerr) were extracted using acetic acid, ethanol, butanol and hexane with the concentration levels of 30%, 45% and 60%, respectively. The pH was then adjusted from 1 to 7, the natural extracted dyes were used to stain the chromosomes of spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis Salisb.) root cells, which were ongoing mitotic cell division, using the squash technique. The results showed that the natural extract dyes were capable of chromosome staining and cell division observing. Natural dyes which showed well-stained chromosome included 45% acetic acid-extracted black glutinous rice dye (pH 1–3), 45% butanol-extracted black glutinous rice dye (pH 1–3) and 60% ethanol-extracted Lac dye (pH 1–3). We also concluded that all other extracts have no significant quality as chromosomal staining indication. Key words Natural dye, Chromosome staining, Black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.), Lac (Laccifer lacca Kerr), Spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis Salisb). -
328 United States Tariff Commission July 1970 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION Washington IMPORTS OF BENZENOID CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS 1969 United States General Imports of Intermediates, Dyes, Medicinals, Flavor and Perfume Materials, and Other Finished Benzenoid Products Entered on 1969 Under Schedule 4, Part 1, of The Tariff Schedules of the United States TC Publication 328 United States Tariff Commission July 1970 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION Glenn W. Sutton Bruce E. Clubb Will E. Leonard, Jr. George M. Moore Kenneth R. Mason, Seoretary Address all communications to United States Tariff Commission Washington, D. C. 20436 CONTENTS (Imports under TSUS, Schedule 4, Parts 1B and 1C) Table No. pue_ 1. Benzenoid intermediates: Summary of U.S. general imports entered under Part 1B, TSUS, by competitive status, 1969 4 2. Benzenoid intermediates: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1B, TSUS, by country of origin, 1969 and 1968 3. Benzenoid intermediates: U.S. general iml - orts entered under Part 1B, TSUS, showing competitive status, 1969 4. Finished benzenoid products: Summary of U.S.general . im- ports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by competitive status, 1969 24 5. Finished benzenoid products: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by country of origin, 1969 and 1968 25 6. Finished benzenoid products: Summary of U.S. general imports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by major groups and competitive status, 1969 27 7. Benzenoid dyes: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by class of application, and competitive status, 1969-- 30 8. Benzenoid dyes: U.S. general imports entered under Part 1C, TSUS, by country of origin, 1969 compared with 1968 31 9.