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Brazilian Cardinal by Edith Pendleton, Ph.D., Fort Meyers, Florida

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Brazilian Cardinal by Edith Pendleton, Ph.D., Fort Meyers, Florida Domestic Breeding of the Brazilian Cardinal by Edith Pendleton, Ph.D., Fort Meyers, Florida ittle has been written and even less ing and stress, and those that survived demeanor. On the other hand, once a bird documented about the domestic often bore the scars of combat, including reaches puberty, it will fight for and L breeding habits of the Red-crested missing toes and eyes, mauled feet, or defend its hen to the death. A bird can be (Brazilian) Cardinal. With encouragement amputations. fully scalped and left bleeding to death in from Kenneth Reininger, Curator of Birds the course of 10 minutes; a bird can 10 e at the North Carolina Zoological Park, pli­ one or more toes, or an eye, in five min­ vate aviculturalists have begun a coopera­ '13razifian Caraina[s tliri[[ utes. Two birds housed together may be tive infOImation exchange with zoos on to tlie company of tlieir own congenial at dawn, but mortally maimed behalf of this beleaguered softbill. Only {in" antI aViary observe by afternoon, should spring fever strike six zoos nationwide successfully reared ana imitate one anotlier. them. For that reason, never leave two Red-crested Cardinals in 1992, from a unsexed birds nearing puberty together, or pool of 86. There were 62 birds in zoos in even housed side by side, from February 1987, and 52 fi ve years earlier, in 1982, Pairing and Sexing Birds through August, the breeding months, perhaps reflecting the growing trend Brazilian Cardinals thrill to the compa­ unless you have every guarantee they are toward walk-in rainforest exhibits. ny of their own kind, and avidly observe a bonded pair. Colonies of Brazilian Cardinals have and imitate one another. An older bird Both sexes will sing at about six been sighted sporadically in Miami, but who knows your flight well can be an weeks. Hens as well as cocks will trill and Hawaii remains the only Amelican region invaluable asset, regardless of its breeding carryon at this age. The most reliable gen­ with a sustained alien population. There, perfonnance. A tame bird is even more der indicator is bone structure. At about the species inhabits areas of O'ahu, low­ help to you, as wilder members of the nine months, the hens will begin to take land Kaua'i, Moloka'i, and Lana'i, with aviary will readily come to the cage of a on the shape of an English Budgie, with growing numbers on Maui. Ornithologists confined bird, and will respond to its calm thick breasts, wide shoulders, and a gener- will find them plentiful at parks and golf courses, with colony flocks at the Manoa campus of the University of Hawaii, the Coast Guard Air Station at Barbers Point at Waikiki. and on the grounds of the Honolulu Zoo. The birds were introduced into Hawaii in 1928 for insect control, and soon joined an exotic population of imports that today includes the Yellow­ billed (Pope) Cardinal, the common mynah and the Lavender Waxbill. To cap­ ture and sell such birds is illegal. FIND OUT WHY HUMIDAIRE EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN THE In Finches and Soft-billed Birds, Bates and Busenbark describe the Brazilian CHOICE OF ZOOS, PRE­ Cardinal as "extremely hardy," "ideal for SERVES AND PROFESSIONAL the beginner" and "inexpensive and usual­ BREEDERS WORLDWIDE FOR ly readily available (pg 233)," comments OVER SIXTY-FIVE YEARS. that reflect the once-plentiful supplies of WRITE, CALL OR FAX FOR imports. Hobbyists may remember occa­ YOUR FREE CATALOG! sions as recently as 1965 when these birds could be purchased in lots of 50 or more for $15 apiece. Housed in groups in free­ P.O. BOX 9, NEW MADISON, OH 45346 U.S.A. IlumlDAIRE TELEPHONE [U.S.A.] TOLL·FREE (800) 410·6925 standing cages, such captive Red-crested INCUBATOR COMPANY WORLDWIDE (513) 996·3001 • FAX (513) 996·3633 Cardinals frequently perished from maim- afa WATCHBIRD 9 ally more square appearance. Males will 1996 retain the lanky look of the adolescent, ?lever attempt to rusn tne gaining length but little weight. Both hens nesting process 09 provia­ COMMITTEES and cocks will strut, fan the tail, arch the ing a reaa9-maae nest or 09 AFA IN BRIEF (monthly newsletter) back and court. confining tne pair to close Cheryl Jones (509) 226-0611 Often, the hen will clack her beak dur­ quarters. fax (509) 326-6725 ing advances by the male, indicating her AVIAN RESEARCH interest. As the birds reach puberty, males William Sager, D.V.M. 508-486-3101 will become noticeably aggressive, charg­ bound hen. Never attempt to rush the nest­ AVYAWARDS ing at the cage walls, calling, stretching ing process by providing a ready-made CAPTIVE BREEDING SURVEY their necks and engaging in combat with nest or by confining the pair to close quar­ Starr Kirkchoff 616-327-3399 anything that moves. A new male released ters. Strong bonds must be forged CITES between the birds before successful nest­ Al McNabney 510-945-1785 into my aviary one February crushed the CONSERVATION/SMALL GRANfS skulls of eight Green Singing Finches 109 can occur. Benny Gallaway 409-775-2000 within an hour. At the height of spring These birds need ample space (at least fax 409-775-2002 mating, the Red-crested Cardinal will 10 feet of open flight) and plenty of nest­ CONVENTION COORDINAlOR attack Fairy Bluebirds, Black-crested ing sites both within thick vegetation and in the open. Hens may elect to build on the COOPERXI1VE BREEDING PGM Finches, Grenadiers, Violet-ears Waxbills Sharon Garsee 916-784-1314 and any other aggressor. side of the flight, in a cavity in a hanging DRAWING COORDINAlOR During courtship, hens will become plant, or in a nest woven into the branch­ Cathy Ford 805-684-0752 absorbed in feeding and other activities, es of a tree such as a ficus or bamboo. EDUCATION and will generally appear preoccupied. EIHICS However, should a true pair be separated, Nesting Larry Ring 916-885-7868 the male will give sharp, deep staccato It is the hen who must approve the nest, EXECUTIVE DIREC10R calls and will hasten to the hen's side but the cock who must weave it. Thus the Robert J. Berry 713-434-8076 wherever she goes. To verify a pairing, cock may suggest first one site and then fax 713-433-3731 ANANCE release the birds into a larger area and another. A careful curator will watch the Jim Hawley bus 602-838-4770 watch their movements. A true pair will activities ofthe cock, who will select a site fax 602-987-3389 never range out of sight of one another, and then call joyously to attract the hen's FUND RAISING and should they become separated, the attention. If she seems to approve the site, Tom Marshall (703) 777-3252 male will thunder out his summons, a call the curator may want to secure a suitable ILLEGAL BIRD TRADE that is unique and unmistakable, guttural basket of grapevines or screen mesh, or Marty Muschinske (619) 468-3201 LEGAL COUNSEL and demanding.* use an orchid box, small Easter basket or Gary Lilienthal (617) 345-0770 Never venture to test two males, even some other shallow natural-fiber cavity. LEGISLATION for a moment. Their combat is vicious and Several such containers may be Dwight Greenberg (407) 631-9800 the results permanent. Any two sparring attached to walls and trees, but should be fax (407) 632-4338 MEMBERSHIP birds, regardless of their sex, should be placed to encourage nesting in a spot that Paddy Lambert (314) 962-8186 separated immediately, at least for a cool­ provides ample shade from noon sun and NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS ing down period. Terrified birds-even protection from rain, that is well out of lifelong mates-will attack one another in reach of ants and mosquitoes, and that is PARLIAMENTARIAN Gary Clifton (602) 830-4920 a crisis. Avoid such disturbance at all cost. accessible by ladder to the curator, who PUBLIC RELATIONS Never place two birds, even a pair, in a will need to inspect activities regularly. A Cheryle Jones (509) 226-0611 closed container such as a shipping crate. nest tightly woven into the branches of a fax (509) 326-6725 When frightened, they will maul each shrub at the far back of the flight is not PUBLICATIONS other. suitable for a safe, productive breeding Sheldon Dingle ph/fax (818) 289-4400 season, since the chicks will be inaccessi­ PHOENIX BUSINESS OFFICE Carol Inderrieden (602) 484-0931 Courtship ble for medical treatment, banding, and fax (602) 484-0109 Birds ready to nest will display relaxed observation. WATCHBIRD STAFF congeniality toward one another. They do A large tree in a pot can be helpful, but Dale Thompson (805) 252-4871 not engage in mutual grooming, but should be provided well in advance of Editor-in Chief fax (805) 252-5861 remain solicitous ofthe other's allegiance. actual courtship lest the birds become dis­ Sheldon Dingle ph/fax (818) 289-4400 Mating occurs in swift attacks by the tracted. For nesting, my hens consistently Mgr.. Editor male, usually on the ground when the hen select an orchid box placed in the highest M. Jean Hessler (714) 548-3133 becomes inattentive. A flat board provid­ comer of the aviary, nearest the fan and Art Dir./ Prod. fax (714) 548-0420 Sharon Rosenblatt (703) 255-3399 ed at perch height may be of assistance the night lights. I hang a large flight cage Advertising fax (703) 281-3140 when the male elects to mount. A male directly under the nesting box to provide a or Phoenix Office that fails to mount the hen will trigger a lookout for the male, who will sing, nap series of disasters culminating in an egg- and relieve the brooding hen.
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