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MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA TULIS NUSANTARA: Kajian Tentang

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MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA TULIS NUSANTARA: Kajian Tentang MELESTARIKAN7 BUDAYA TULIS NUSANTARA: Kajian tentang Aksara Lontara ABD. AZIZ AHMAD Abstract The conservation of Indonesian Traditional Script is less seriously done. Therefore it needs to be encouraged especially for the traditional scripts because they are one of the national assets which need to be developed and kept. Lontara, traditional script in Indonesia, is the one which is still exist in use in South Sulawesi, although it is restricted in small areas. The term Lontara means history and science, and the second meaning is something written, or an article. Lontara script is also well known as Bugis Script or Makassar Script, but people prefer saying it as Lontara Script. The effort to introduce the Lontara is done in the following ways firstly by introducing the use and the benefit of the script. People are usually not interested to something because they do not know it. Second- ly, it is done by reading and writing. Thirdly is by promoting the people to use it in daily written communication. Fourth is by using it in a publication, or written media, because this script needs to be spread out through a latest modern technology. Fifth is showing the Lontara to the people in a form of Artistic Craft, or paintings. Keywords: script, lontara, traditional, communication, publication. PENDAHULUAN makan aksara Makassar, namun pada akhirnya Dalam upaya melestarikan budaya tulis di In- disepakati menjadi satu istilah yaitu aksara Lon- donesia yang saat ini kelihatannya kurang tara. mendapat perhatian serius, perlu digalakkan ter- utama dalam penggunaan aksara daerah. Aksara daerah merupakan salah satu aset nasional yang PEMBAHASAN perlu dipelihara dan dikembangkan. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas bagaimana upaya Dari sejumlah aksara yang masih ber- melestarikan salah satu warisan budaya leluhur tahan hingga saat ini salah satunya adalah aksara yang kita miliki tersebut. Pembahasan selanjut- Lontara. Aksara Lontara adalah aksara yang nya ditawarkan beberapa hal yang perlu segera masih eksis di daratan Sulawesi bagian selatan, dilakukan dalam upaya ikut mengembangkan dan masih digunakan dalam kehidupan ber- dan melestarikan keberadaan aksara Lontara masyarakat, walaupun intensitasnya semakin adalah sebagai berikut. menurun. Istilah Lontara terdapat dua penger- Memperkenalkan Kegunaan dan Manfaat tian yaitu sebagai suatu sejarah dan ilmu pen- Aksata Lontara getahuan dan pengertian kedua adalah sebagai Sebelum mengerjakan suatu pekerjaan tentu tulisan (aksara). Dalam hal ini aksara Lontara perlu diketahui dan dipahami apa manfaat atau merupakan aksara Bugis dan aksara Makassar, kegunaan yang akan diperoleh. Dalam hal ini walaupun pada awalnya ada pemisahan di antara kegunaan mempelajari aksara Lontara selain keduanya, yaitu terdapa tkelompok yang mena- menambah pengetahuan tentang jenis tulisan, makan aksara Bugis dan yang lainnya mena- yang lebih penting adalah ikut melestarikan wari- 148 san salah satu budaya yang dimiliki yaitu budaya lu dicamkan juga nasihat seseorang yang men- tulis. Oleh karena itu, siapa lagi yang diharap gatakan ”Ajarilah anak-anakmu bahasa daerah melestarikannya kalau bukan kita sebagai warga di rumah, karena untuk bahasa Indonesia anak- Negara khususnya masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan anak akan dengan sendirinya mendapatkannya termasuk juga Sulawesi Barat dan sekitarnya. dari lingkungan sekolah”. Terkadang juga anak- Suatu budaya kalau tidak lagi diprak- anak karena sering mendengarkan orang tuanya tikkan atau diwacanakan oleh masyarakat pen- menggunakan bahasa daerah di rumah, maka dukungnya, maka sangat dikhawatirkan lambat sebenarnya mereka juga dapat memahami arti laun akan hilang dan punah, tentunya hal itu bahasa yang digunakan orang tuanya, namun tidak diharapkan. Dikhawatirkan pula kalau di mereka tidak bisa mengucapkan atau menggu- suatu saat nanti generasi penerus kita, katakan- nakan bahasa daerah sebagaimana layaknya alat lah sepuluh tahun akan datang, tidak lagi men- komunikasi minimal di lingkungan keluarga. genal aksara Lontara dengan arti kata mereka Kembali lagi ke masalah pembelaja- tidak dapat membaca dan menulis aksara Lon- ran menulis dan membaca aksara Lontara, di- tara sebagaimana mestinya. harapkan orang tua di rumah memperkenalkan Manfaat mempelajari aksara Lontara dan mengajarkan kepada anak-anak mereka lainnya adalah dapat dijadikan sebagai alat ko- bagaimana cara menulis dan membaca aksara munikasi yang efektif. Efektif dalam penulisan Lontara. Menjadi masalah kalau seandainya dan efektif pula sebagai komunikasi yang ber- kedua orang tuanya juga tidak dapat menulis dan sifat “rahasia”. Rahasia dalam arti kata hanya membaca aksara Lontara, tentu hal ini sedikit dapat dipahami secara terbatas bagi si pengirim merepotkan, karena mereka sendiri seharusnya dan si penerima pesan itu. Namun diharapkan ikut mempelajarinya. Solusinya adalah mencari lebih dari itu adalah menjadikan aksara Lontara seseorang guru untuk mengajar mereka sekelu- sebagai alat komunikasi tertulis yang digunakan arga. Hal ini juga membutuhkan komitmen yang layaknya seperti aksara pada umumnya. tinggi terhadap kelestarian bahasa daerah. Harapan berikutnya adalah pembelaja- ran aksara Lontara di lingkungan sekolah, yang Perlu Mengajarkan Cara Menulis dan Mem- meliputi baik pendidikan formal maupun non- baca Aksara Lontara formal dan kalau perlu diberikan pada kegiatan Dalam hal ini diharapkan adanya keterlibatan ekstrakurikuler. Kita ketahui bahwa di sekolah berbagai pihak, artinya pihak pemerintah dan ada pelajaran muatan lokal (Mulok) yang mater- masyarakat. Pertama, tentunya pihak keluar- inya adalah pelajaran bahasa daerah setempat. ga yaitu orangtua di rumah. Sebagaimana kita Di sanalah guru Mulok perlu membuat tero- ketahui bahwa pendidikan pertama dan utama bosan baru, baik metode maupun strategi un- dimulai danbermuladari keluarga yaitu orangtua tuk mengajarkannya. Tentunya seorang guru di dan keluarga lainnya. Pintu masuk untuk mem- samping memang mempunyai kompetensi yang pelajari penulisan aksara Lontara adalah melalui mumpuni di bidang pengajaran bahasa daerah, bahasa daerah itu sendiri. Di lingkungan keluar- perlu pula didukung oleh materi dan bahan ajar ga terkadang yang terjadi adalah kedua orangtua yang dibutuhkan. Misalnya saja ketersediaan menggunakan bahasa daerah, namun anak-anak buku teks atau buku ajar tentang menulis dan mereka tetap menggunakan bahasa nasional (In- membaca aksara Lontara. Perangkat pembelaja- donesia). Pada hal untuk melestarikan bahasa itu ran seperti itulah yang perlu disediakan untuk sendiri seharusnya orang tua di rumah mengajar- keperluan pembelajaran terutama buku teks. kan kepada anak-anaknya berbahasa daerah, toh Selanjutnya buku bacaan yang disimpan di per- untuk bahasa Indonesia sudah diajarkan pada pustakaan sekolah sebagai buku referensi dan matapelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di sekolah. Per- sebagai buku pengayaan. 149 Jurnal Budaya Nusantara, Vol.1 No.2, (Desember 2014): 148-153 Gambar 1. Aksara Lontara digabungkan dengan Gambar 2. Penggunaan Aksara Lontara untuk aksara Latin dan aksara Arab salah satu contoh papan nama kantor Badan Pendidikandan Pelatihan buku bacaan umum. Kota Makassar Sumber: HASANUDDIN (2007: viii-ix) Sumber: Dokumen pribadi: 2008 Menggunakan dalam Kehidupan Bermasyarakat Untuk lebih mensosialisasikan penggunaan aksara Lontara, perlu kiranya digunakan se- bagai informasi publik misalnya menuliskan- nya pada papan nama toko, nama jalan, papan nama instansibaikinstansipemerintahmaupun- swasta, nama bangunan dan yang lainnya. Se- benarnya hal tersebut sudah dimulai sejak be- berapa waktu yang lalu, sebagai contoh di kota Makassar, Sungguminasa, di kabupaten Barru, Pangkep dan yang lainnya, namun sepertin- ya tiada kemajuan yang signifikan karena han- ya pada bangunan itu-itu saja, pada bangunan lama. Maksudnya adalah perlu ada upaya untuk Gambar 3. Penggunaan Aksara Lontara untuk nama jalan. Tertulis: “SulutanAlauddin”. mensosialisasikan dan mengembangkan peng- Sumber: Dokumen pribadi: 2008 gunaan aksara Lontara pada papan nama bangu- nan baru yang akan dibangun. Hal itu perlu ada dukungan dandorongandari pemerintah daerah misalnya dengan menerbitkan peraturan daer- Mempublikasikan Lewat Media Massa ah (Perda) yang mengatur tentang penggunaan Salah satu cara untuk memasyarakatkan tulisan aksara Lontara pada nama bangunan, sebuah ide atau gagasan adalah memperkenal- dan lebih baik lagi kalau ada kerjasama dengan kan lewat media massa; di antaranya adalah Dinas Tata Kota yang menerbitkan izin mendi- melalui media cetak seperti surat kabar, majalah, rikan atau merenovasi bangunan (IMB).Jadi, buletin, jurnal, newsletter dan sebagainya. Se- perlu ada inisiatif baik dari pemerintah ataupun dangkan melalui media elekronik; melalui acara dari masyarakat. siaran televisi, radio dan website atau jaringan ABD. AZIZ AHMAD, Melestarikan Budaya Tulis Nusantara ... 150 internet. Untuk membuat lebih semarak pub- membuat lukisan kaligrafi seorang pelukis per- likasi lewat media televisi dan radio sebaiknya lu pula mengangkat aksara Lontara ini sebagai diadakan program cerdas cermat tentang peng- materi (subject matter) dalam lukisannya. Se- gunaan bahasa daerah (Bugis-Makassar). Ide bagaimana diketahui bahwa kaligrafi diartikan yang lain adalah dengan mengadakan lomba sebagai tulisan indah. Di sini tidak melihat apa- menulis aksara Lontara yang diliput oleh kalan- kah aksara Arab, Latin, Cina, Jepang, Korea gan media. Di tahun 70-an di Sulawesi Selatan atau aksara Lontara. Kuncinya adalah aksara pernah diadakan lomba menulis aksara Lontara yang diperindah atau ditulis
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