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Nomenclatural Notes on American Thymelaeaceae

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Nomenclatural Notes on American Thymelaeaceae Nomenclatural Notes on American Thymelaeaceae Zachary S. Rogers Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63116-0299, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT . The nomenclatural status of all published belong to the much larger Thymelaeaoideae subfam- plant names applicable to American Thymelaeaceae ily. Centers of species diversity are located in Brazil at the rank of genus and below is evaluated. Thirty- (particularly around Rio de Janeiro), northwestern two of the 256 published names at specific and South America (especially Ecuador, Colombia, and infraspecific ranks require effective typifications. Venezuela), and the Greater Antilles. Despite the Lectotypes are designated for 29 names: Daphne availability of relatively recent taxonomic treatments lagetto Sw., D. macrophylla Kunth, D. occidentalis for some American genera, much of the nomenclature Sw., D. pillopillo Gay, Daphnopsis bogotensis Meisn., and typification of these groups has not been D. brasiliensis Mart., D. caracasana Meisn., D. comprehensively evaluated, a shortcoming that is the caribaea Griseb. var. ecuadorensis Domke, D. coriacea primary focus of the research presented here. Taub., D. decidua Domke, D. ekmanii Domke, D. ericiflora Gilg & Markgr., D. longifolia Taub., D. TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF AMERICAN THYMELAEACEAE longipedunculata Gilg ex Domke, D. longiracemosa Gilg ex Domke, D. martii Meisn., D. purpusii Daphnopsis Mart., with approximately 73 dioecious Brandegee var. ehrenbergii Domke, D. racemosa species, is by far the largest genus in the Americas, Griseb., D. sessiliflora Griseb. ex Taub., D. zamorensis ranging from central Mexico to Chile and Argentina, Domke, Goodallia guianensis Benth., G. guianensis and also throughout most of the Antilles. Nevling var. parvifolia Benth., Lagetta funifera Mart. & Zucc. (1959) recognized 46 species in the last taxonomic (epitype also designated), Linostoma albifolium Barb. revision of the genus and shortly afterward published Rodr., Lophostoma bolleanum Domke, Schoenobiblus a few corrections and updates, in which a few coriaceus Domke, S. daphnoides Mart., S. ellipticus additional taxa were recognized (Nevling, 1960, Pilg., and S. peruvianus Standl. Neotypes are 1963b). While most of Nevling’s underlying taxonomy designated for three names: Daphnopsis crassifolia of Daphnopsis is reasonable, his treatment is difficult (Poir.) Meisn. var. eggersii Krug & Urb., D. pseudo- to use for identification purposes, because both salix Domke, and D. selerorum Gilg. staminate and pistillate flowers are required for the Key words: Antilles Islands, Caribbean, Central key (herbarium material is usually collected in fruit), America, Daphnopsis, Dirca, Drapetes, Falkland and the species illustrations he provided only Islands, Funifera, Goodallia, Lagetta, Lasiadenia, consisted of longitudinal floral dissections (about half Linodendron, Lophostoma, Neotropics, North America, of the species were only known to him from either Ovidia, Schoenobiblus, South America, Tepuianthus, staminate or pistillate specimens). Over the past the Americas, Thymelaeaceae. 50 years, an additional 22 species from Central and South America and the Caribbean have been Thymelaeaceae, now widely accepted as one of the described (e.g., Cuatrecasas, 1962; Borhidi & Mun˜iz, basal families of Malvales, are composed of ca. 45 1976; Nevling & Barringer, 1986; Barringer & Pruski, genera and 800 species that are mostly confined to 2005), which has further increased the need for a Africa, Australia, and Asia (Herber, 2003). Two comprehensive taxonomic reevaluation of Daphnopsis. subfamilies are currently recognized for the family, The second largest American genus, Schoenobiblus the cosmopolitan Thymelaeaoideae (ca. 42 genera, Mart. (ca. 10 species), also dioecious, occurs pre- 750 species) and the much smaller and mostly dominately in lowland tropical South America, with a paleotropical Octolepidoideae (eight genera, ca. 50 single species, S. grandifolia Urb., endemic to species). In the Americas, the family is represented by Trinidad and Tobago. Schoenobiblus has never been 12 genera and ca. 115 species (or 14% of the family taxonomically revised. Most recent attention paid to total) that are distributed from southeastern Canada the genus has been the description of a few taxonomic through southern Chile and Argentina, and also in the novelties (Barringer & Nevling, 1987; Steyermark, Falkland Islands and the Caribbean. All American 1987) and the occasional treatment of one or two taxa genera except Tepuianthus Maguire & Steyerm. in regional floras and catalogs published for Peru NOVON 20: 448–462. PUBLISHED ON 29 NOVEMBER 2010. doi: 10.3417/2009069 Volume 20, Number 4 Rogers 449 2010 Nomenclatural Notes on American Thymelaeaceae (Macbride, 1941; Zarucchi, 1993), Trinidad and Relevant specimens and literature at BM, F, G, K, Tobago (Philcox, 1978), Ecuador (Leo´n-Ya´nez, MO, NY, P, and US were personally inventoried, 1999), French Guiana (Kawasaki & Mori, 2002), photographed, scanned, and databased. Additional and Venezuela (Rogers et al., 2005). types and original material were examined and Maguire and Steyermark (1981) described the cataloged from several sources including online enigmatic Tepuianthus (six species, Venezuela, adja- digital image repositories and databases, type photo- cent Colombia, and Brazil; Steyermark, 1986–1987) graph collections, and specimen images available on in its own family and ascribed it to Sapindales (sensu microfiche. Specimens were consulted from 33 Cronquist, 1968). Molecular data, well supported by herbaria: A, B, BM, BREM, C, CAS, CORD, E, F, morphology, suggest that Tepuianthus is sister to the G, GH, GOET, HBG, K, L, LE, M, MEL, MO, NY, P, basal subfamily Octolepidoideae within the Thyme- PI, R, RB, S, SP, SPF, TRIN, U, UC, US, W, and Z. laeaceae (Horn, 2004), and Wurdack and Horn (2001) Curator R. Vogt (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches recommended that the genus be placed in its own Museum Berlin-Dahlem) searched for extant original subfamily, a view that is shared by the author of the material of every name typified in this paper that was present paper. All seven of the published Tepuianthus based on material deposited in the B herbarium, but names (six specific and one varietal; Berry & Rogers, found that the types for all names were destroyed 2005) do not pose nomenclatural or typification during the Second World War. problems and are therefore not further discussed here. Typification methodology followed Turland and Of the remaining 10 American genera in the family, Jarvis (1997), McNeill et al. (2006), and Rogers and none are composed of more than four species, and Spencer (2006). When selecting types, the most each genus has been taxonomically evaluated at least complete herbarium specimens were chosen over once since the 1960s. Nevling published comprehen- illustrations whenever possible. Handwritten inscrip- sive revisions for Lophostoma (Meisn.) Meisn. (four tions on herbarium material were compared to species, Amazonian Brazil and Amazonas, Venezuela; handwriting examples taken from several sources Nevling, 1963a), Ovidia Meisn. (three species, including Steinberg (1977), ABG (2010), the Swedish Bolivia, Chile, nearby Argentina; Nevling, 1964; Museum of Natural History (2010), and the personal Rogers et al., 2004), and Funifera Leandro ex C. A. correspondence of authors. Mey. (four species, Brazil; Nevling, 1965, 1976). Nesom and Mayfield (1995) described a third narrow RESULTS AND DISCUSSION endemic species in the North American genus Dirca L., based on material collected from northeastern A total of 256 names belonging to American Mexico, and more recently, Floden et al. (2009) Thymelaeaceae at the rank of genus and below were described a fourth species endemic to Kansas, identified: 23 generic, 207 specific, and 26 infraspe- Arkansas, and probably Missouri. Two genera, cific (11 subspecies and 15 varieties). In all, 215 Linodendron Griseb. (three Cuban species) and names (84%) were validly published, 17 were invalid, Lagetta Juss. (three species, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and 24 were valid but illegitimate (for details see Dominican Republic), were both treated by Noa Tropicos, 2010). Monzo´n (1992, 2009). Plowman and Nevling (1986) recognized two species of Lasiadenia Benth. (Vene- NAMES PUBLISHED AT THE GENERIC RANK zuela, Colombia, Brazil), and an identification key for the genus was provided in Rogers et al. (2005). Heads Of the 23 generic names, 19 are valid and are (1990) recircumscribed Drapetes Banks ex Lam. to already effectively typified, while the other four are include a single species, D. muscosus Lam., from invalid orthographic variants (for details see Tropicos, southern Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. 2010). Three names are illegitimate: Dofia Adans. ; The monotypic Goodallia Benth. is distributed in the (Adanson, 1763) [ Dirca], Nordmannia Fisch. & C. lowlands of Guyana and Roraima, Brazil, and remains A. Mey. (Meyer, 1843) [5 Daphnopsis] non Ledeb. ex poorly known (Rossi, 1997, unpublished; Berry et al., Nordm. (Nordmann, 1837), and Goodallia Benth. 2007). (Bentham, 1845) non T. E. Bowdich (Bowdich, 1825). Names published at the rank of genus were typified by reference to a single species name in their MATERIALS AND METHODS original publications (Art. 37.3, McNeill et al., 2006), A list of American plant names of Thymelaeaceae with two exceptions. Typifications were published was compiled based on thorough searches of pertinent retroactively by Lamarck (1792:
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