MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6(2): 312–324, 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52520/masjaps.34 Araştırma Makalesi Determination of Nutrition Status of Quince (Cydonia oblonga MILL.) Gardens By Leaf Analysis in Geyve District, Sakarya Ahmet Çağlar MUMCUOĞLU1, Korkmaz BELLİTÜRK2* 1T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, İstanbul 2Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tekirdağ *Corresponding author: [email protected] Geliş Tarihi: 17.02.2021 Kabul Tarihi: 25.03.2021 Abstract This research was carried out in order to determine the nutritional status of quince gardens in villages where Eşme variety quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Is grown in Sakarya province, Geyve district. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron in leaf samples taken from 34 quince gardens in 13 villages where Eşme variety is intensively cultivated, 8-12 weeks after the full flowering period. (Fe), Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) concentrations were determined. Since there are no limit values determined for evaluating the results of herbal analysis related to quince in the literature, the values determined for pear (Pyrus communis) and apple (Malus domestica), which are from the same family with the quince (Rosaceae), were taken as reference. The reason for using the reference values determined for pear in the literature; It is the use of quince rootstocks for dwarfing the pear plant. N 9% deficiency, 91% sufficient in leaf samples taken from quince gardens in the research area; P 100% is sufficient; K 6% deficient, 85% sufficient, 9% high; Ca 18% sufficient, 82% high; Mg 69% sufficient, 31% high; Fe 97% sufficient, 3% high; Mn 23% deficient, 74% adequate, 3% high; Zn 50% deficient, 47% sufficient, 3% high; Plant nutrient levels were determined as 100% higher than Cu. Correlation analysis of the amount of plant nutrients determined as a result of the research was found statistically significant [(P≤0.050), (P≤ = 0.01)]. Keywords: Sakarya province, Geyve district, Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), nutrient element 312 MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6(2): 312–324, 2021 INTRODUCTION 2019 TÜİK data in Turkey, 180.542 tons Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) of quince were produced in the area in belongs to the Maloideae sub-family of 71.031. Approximately 26.20% of the the Rosaceae family, which includes world's quince production is produced in commercially important fruits such as Turkey. According to TÜİK 2019 data in apples and pears. This sub-family Turkey, 59.123 tons of quince, which is includes 30 genera and about 1.000 approximately 32.67% of the amount of species belonging to these breeds. A fruit quince produced, was produced in Geyve with distinctive cores is characterized by district of Sakarya province. the number of seeds and 17 base Fruit trees that stay in the soil chromosomes (Mirabdulbaghi et al., where they are planted for a long time 2014). Cydonia sinesis Thouin and and maintain their economic and Cydonia japonica Persian, which are physiological life are perennial plants used as ornamental plants. (Gencer, and remove plant nutrients from the soil 2011). According to fruit shapes; pear- during their economic life. Taking into shaped quince (Cydonia oblonga exists. account environmental factors such as Pyriformis [Dierb.]) And there's the soil, water and factors such as yield and apple-shaped quince Cydonia oblonga. quality, fertilization programs based on Maliformis [Mill.]) divided into two scientific basis should be applied, and variants (Özçağıran et al., 2011). nutritional balance should be Quince, which develops in the emphasized by avoiding excessive or form of woodpeckers or shrubs, which is low fertilizer use in plant feeding. When one of the very old types of fruits that plant nutrient fertilizers are used more have been cultured; It has been reported than necessary and for a long time, that it has a brown and red body that can environmental problems such as heavy grow up to 6-8 meters, has a superficial metal accumulation in agricultural soils, root structure, has young shoots of deterioration in microorganism activity, feathered yellowish green color, has a salting, nutrient imbalance, dark green top and has wide ellipse or eutrophication and nitrate increase in egg-shaped leaves (Özçağıran et al., waters, greenhouse effect caused by 2011). thinning of the ozone layer as a result of Its homeland is thought to be gas emissions containing sulfur and around North Anatolia, North-West Iran, nitrogen into the air arise. the South Caucasus and the Caspian Sea. In the research carried out on the Their ancestors date back to Turkistan in determination of the types and quantities the east. It moved from Anatolia to of commercial fertilizers to be applied to Greece and Rome in the years before apple trees in some centers where apple B.C. It is known that it was bred in production is intensive in Turkey; As a Greece in 650 B.C. and then spread to result of the application of fertilizers central and eastern Europe. Although it containing N, P, K to apple orchards, it is grown in other countries except was determined that although nitrogen Australia today, this type of fruit is not and phosphorus contents increased in the as popular as other cultured fruits orchards of apple trees, potassium (Özbek, 1978; Özkan, 1995; Özçağıran content was not affected (Ateşalp and et al., 2005; Gökçe, 2019). Işık, 1978). According to FAO 2018 data, Köksal et al. (1999), in a study 688,660 tons of quince were produced in conducted with Williams pear, 82.941 ha areas worldwide. According to investigated the possibilities of using 313 MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6(2): 312–324, 2021 three different amino acid cleyti leaf insufficient in 45%, and sufficient in fertilizers in order to find solutions to the 55%; Ca amount is insufficient in 47%, discomforts such as yellowing, browning sufficient in 53%; Fe amount is and shedding of the leaves in the early inadequate in 64% and sufficient in 27%; period and the decline in yield, fruit Zn amount is 85% sufficient and 15% quality and development. As a result of insufficient; Amount B is inadequate in the three-year study, they found that by 21%, sufficient in 76%, excess 3%; Cu comparing amino acid cleyti-Fe with amount is sufficient in 80%, high in control, total yield increased by 64%, 20%; Mn amount was determined as extra fruit ratio by 75%, shoot length by sufficient in 33% and high in 67% 70%, iron content of leaves by 112%, (Gürel, 2013). zinc content by 11%, copper content by In the study conducted by Iranian 22%. They also reported that this applied researchers Mirabdulbaghi and leaf manure prevents the leaves from Abdollahi (2014); Fruits collected from turning yellow, browning and shedding. different regions of Iran (Isfahan, Taher and Hassan (2005), who Horasan, Orumia, Ardebil, Astara and examined the effects of some chemical Tarhan) between 2006 and 2009 and 28 applications on the fruit formation and genotypes of quince rootstocks formed quality of the Leconte pear variety, in the nurseries of the Institute of Seed applied boron, gibberellic acid, and Plant Breeding within the benzyladenine adenine and sucrose to framework of the Iran national quince the trees during the fruit binding phase collection breeding program, plant and three weeks after this stage. They samples taken from the leaves of the determined that these applications same environmental conditions. As a significantly increased yield with the result of nutrient analysis; stated that the formation of the first and last fruits. nutritional responses of leaves vary In the research carried out in within species. Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in In the study investigating the a garden with the red variety pistachios effects of increasing doses of of full yield age (27 years old), they vermicompost on growing vegetables found that fertilization applications such as pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and made in accordance with the technique eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) on P contributed greatly to growth and and K contents; As a result of the development in pistachio trees and analysis of peppers and eggplants, it was therefore reduced the harmful effects of observed that P and K ratios were periodicity on crop yield by increasing linearly increased with increasing yield, increased yield by increasing fruit amounts of vermicompost (Bellitürk et size, and increased snapping rate al., 2017). (Bellitürk, et al., 2019). Zn concentration was determined In the research on the diagnosis in the leaves of hazelnut gardens, which and elimination of the micronutrient are located in an area of about 130 km elements Fe, Zn, and B deficiencies seen starting from Ordu-Ünye coastal border in pear plantations in Bursa region, the to the end of Gülyalı district border, and lice nutrient content of leaf samples was 22% was found to be less than the leaf determined. N of leaf samples taken limit values. In addition to Zn, it was from pear orchards is insufficient in 30% found to be malnourished by other and sufficient in 70%; The amount P is elements such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg sufficient at 100%; The amount K is (Özkutlu et al., 2018). 314 MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 6(2): 312–324, 2021 MATERIAL and METHODS Doğantepe, Eşme, Hırka, Kozan and The district center image of the Umurbey neighborhoods (villages) of research area is given in Figure 1. In Geyve plain on the banks of the Sakarya 2020, the research was carried out in river, where quince cultivation was Geyve center, Alifuatpaşa, Bağlarbaşı, carried out in Geyve district of Sakarya Bozören, Burhaniye, Ceceler, Çengel, province. Figure 1. Overview of Geyve district where research was carried out Table 1.