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The Application of the Iodine - Azide Reaction in Thin-Layer Chromatography Studies of Pesticide Preparations
THE APPLICATION OF THE IODINE - AZIDE REACTION IN THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PESTICIDE PREPARATIONS By T. CSEHHATI* and F.OHSI Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Budapest Received October 3, 1981 Presented by Prof. Dr. R. LASZTITY Introduction With chemicals bcing uscd in wider and wider areas for plant protection, toxicologieal and ecological aspects become increasingly important. The formulation analysis of pesticides cannot be limitcd nowadays to the selective determination of the active agent: the identification and quantitative determi nation of impurities is becoming equally significant. The process is of particular importance with phosphoric ester derivatives, since they are more ore less toxic to human beings. Gas chromatographic analysis (GC) of these active agents has been developed many years ago [1]. However, the technique could not supplant thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [2] for the following reasons: a) thermally unstable phosphoric ester derivatives cannot be analyzed by GC; b) if flame ionization detectors are used, one cannot state whether the peaks indicating impurities correspond to presumably toxic side products of the active agents, or to othcr, non-toxic components of the formulation; c) a substantial part of the decomposition products formed in hydrolysis or oxidation proccsses are non-volatile. Consequently, GC methods can only be used when combined with additional processes to yield volatile products; d) the TLC technique, using non-destructive, selective detection processes, allows to isolate, in a much simpler manner as ~ompared to traditional GC, volatile and non-volatile organic phosphoric ester derivatives in amounts in the order of milligrams for further studies of structure identification and toxic properties. -
Reproducibility of Silver-Silver Halide Electrodes
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP1183 Part of Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Volume 22, March 1939 REPRODUCIBILITY OF SILVER.SILVER HALIDE ELECTRODES 1 By John Keenan Taylor and Edgar Reynolds Smith ABSTRACT Tests of the reproducibility in potential of the electrolytic, thermal-electrolytic, and thermal types of silver-silver chloride, silver-silver bromide, and silver-silver iodide electrodes, in both acid and neutral solutions, are reported. All of these silver-silver halide electrodes show an aging effect, such that freshly prepared electrodes behave as cathodes towards electrodes previously aged in the solution. They are not affected in potential by exposure to light, but the presence of oxygen disturbs the potentials of the silver-silver chloride and silver-silver bromide elec trodes in acid solutions, and of the silver-silver iodide electrodes in both acid and neutral solutions. Except in the case of the silver-silver iodide electrodes, of which the thermal-electrolytic type seems more reliable than the electrolytic or the thermal type, the equilibrium potential is independent of the type, within about 0.02 mv. CONTENTS Page I. Introduetion_ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 II. Apparatus and materials_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 308 III. -
Used at Rocky Flats
. TASK 1 REPORT (Rl) IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS AND RADIONUCLIDES USED AT ROCKY FLATS I PROJECT BACKGROUND ChemRisk is conducting a Rocky Flats Toxicologic Review and Dose Reconstruction study for The Colorado Department of Health. The two year study will be completed by the fall of 1992. The ChemRisk study is composed of twelve tasks that represent the first phase of an independent investigation of off-site health risks associated with the operation of the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver. The first eight tasks address the collection of historic information on operations and releases and a detailed dose reconstruction analysis. Tasks 9 through 12 address the compilation of information and communication of the results of the study. Task 1 will involve the creation of an inventory of chemicals and radionuclides that have been present at Rocky Flats. Using this inventory, chemicals and radionuclides of concern will be selected under Task 2, based on such factors as the relative toxicity of the materials, quantities used, how the materials might have been released into the environment, and the likelihood for transport of the materials off-site. An historical activities profile of the plant will be constructed under Task 3. Tasks 4, 5, and 6 will address the identification of where in the facility activities took place, how much of the materials of concern were released to the environment, and where these materials went after the releases. Task 7 addresses historic land-use in the vicinity of the plant and the location of off-site populations potentially affected by releases from Rocky Flats. -
Catalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by 4–10 Nm Cobalt Nanoparticles
Topics in Catalysis https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0923-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Catalysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by 4–10 nm Cobalt Nanoparticles Edward Locke1 · Shan Jiang1 · Simon K. Beaumont1 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Electrolysis of water is key technology, not only for clean energy production, but to ensure a continued supply of hydrogen beyond fossil resources, essential to the manufacture of many chemical goods other than fuels. Cobalt nanomaterials have been widely identified as a promising candidate for the anode (oxygen evolution) reaction in this process, but much work has focused on applied materials or electrode design. Given the importance of oxidation state changes Co(III) → Co(IV) in the accepted reaction mechanism, in this work we look at size effects in small (4–10 nm) cobalt nanoparticles, where the ease of oxidation for lower cobalt oxidation states is known to change with particle size. To discriminate between geometric and chemical effects we have compared the catalysts in this study to others in the literature by turnover frequency (widely used in other areas of catalysis), in addition to the more commonly employed performance metric of the overpotential required to produce a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Comparisons are drawn to key examples of using well defined nanomaterials (where the surface are of cobalt sites can be estimated). This has enabled an estimated intrinsic turnover rate of ~ 1 O2 mol- ecule per surface Co atom per second at an overpotential of 500 mV in the oxygen evolution reaction under typical alkaline reaction conditions (pH 14.0) to be identified. -
Potential Ivvs.Gelbasedre
US010644304B2 ( 12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 10,644,304 B2 Ein - Eli et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : May 5 , 2020 (54 ) METHOD FOR PASSIVE METAL (58 ) Field of Classification Search ACTIVATION AND USES THEREOF ??? C25D 5/54 ; C25D 3/665 ; C25D 5/34 ; ( 71) Applicant: Technion Research & Development HO1M 4/134 ; HOTM 4/366 ; HO1M 4/628 ; Foundation Limited , Haifa ( IL ) (Continued ) ( 72 ) Inventors : Yair Ein - Eli , Haifa ( IL ) ; Danny (56 ) References Cited Gelman , Haifa ( IL ) ; Boris Shvartsev , Haifa ( IL ) ; Alexander Kraytsberg , U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Yokneam ( IL ) 3,635,765 A 1/1972 Greenberg 3,650,834 A 3/1972 Buzzelli ( 73 ) Assignee : Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited , Haifa ( IL ) (Continued ) ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 CN 1408031 4/2003 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 56 days . EP 1983078 10/2008 (21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /300,359 ( Continued ) ( 22 ) PCT Filed : Mar. 31 , 2015 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (86 ) PCT No .: PCT/ IL2015 /050350 Hagiwara et al. in ( Acidic 1 - ethyl - 3 -methylimidazoliuum fluoride: a new room temperature ionic liquid in Journal of Fluorine Chem $ 371 (c ) ( 1 ), istry vol . 99 ( 1999 ) p . 1-3 ; ( Year: 1999 ). * (2 ) Date : Sep. 29 , 2016 (Continued ) (87 ) PCT Pub . No .: WO2015 / 151099 Primary Examiner — Jonathan G Jelsma PCT Pub . Date : Oct. 8 , 2015 Assistant Examiner Omar M Kekia (65 ) Prior Publication Data (57 ) ABSTRACT US 2017/0179464 A1 Jun . 22 , 2017 Disclosed is a method for activating a surface of metals , Related U.S. Application Data such as self- passivated metals , and of metal -oxide dissolu tion , effected using a fluoroanion -containing composition . -
Nitrato Complexes of Manganese
NITFLAT0 COMPLEXES OF MANGANESE (II I ) DAVID WILLIAM JOHNSON B.Sc., University of Alberta, Calgary, 1966 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF Tm REQUIREMENTS FOR THE3 DEGRE3E OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Chemistry 0 DAVID WILLIAM JOHNSON SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY AUGUST, 1972, APPROVAL Name: David William Johnson Degree : Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: Nitrato Complexes of ~snganese(111) Examining Committee : Chairman: T.N. Bell D. Sutton, denior Supervisor F.W.B, Einstein C.H,W, Jones L.K. Peterson - - N. Paddock, Professor, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B .C . Date Approved : I! Abstract The thesis describes a study of the reactions of a variety of manganese compounds with N204 or N205 leading to the synthesis of new manganese compounds with coordinated nitrate groups and other ligands, The aim of this work, to synthesise the first reported nitrato-complexes of manganese in an oxidation state higher than the common state (II), has been achieved, Manganese(II1) trinitrate, M~L(NO~)~,has been prepared by reaction of manganese(II1) trifluoride and dinitrogen pentoxide in dinltrogen tetroxide, Manganese (111) trinitrate is stable indefinitely below -14OC, but rapidly evolves N204 at room temperature and fumes in moist alr, The properties indicate that all nitrate groups are strongly coordinated and suggest that the compound fs polymeric with bridging nitrate groups. The bipyridyl, -o-phenanthroline, triphenylphosphine oxide and acetonitrile complexes of Mn(N0 have been prepared; all are stable at -
Sop Pyrophoric 2 12/16/2019
Owner DOC. NO. REV. DATE C.H.O SOP PYROPHORIC 2 12/16/2019 DOC. TITLE SOP FOR PYROPHORIC CHEMICALS Environmental Health & Safety STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) FOR WORKING WITH PYROPHORIC CHEMICALS AT AMHERST COLLEGE ___________________________________________________________________ General Information Pyrophoric Chemicals are solid, liquid, or gas compounds that, when exposed to air or moisture at or below 54°C (130°F), can spontaneously ignite. Examples of Pyrophoric chemicals used at Amherst College Laboratories include: sodium hydride, zinc powder, and Grignard reagents. See the “Appendix” page below for a full list of Pyrophoric Chemicals. Pyrophoric chemicals are often used as catalysts in chemical reactions or as reducing and deprotonating agents in organic chemistry. Note that Pyrophoric chemicals may also be characterized by other hazards, hence, users of these chemicals may also need to refer to other SOPs that cover other hazards. In addition, each individual chemical’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) should be consulted before they are used. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Personal Protective Equipment When working with Pyrophoric Chemicals, the following personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn, at a minimum. Depending on the specific chemical, other forms of protection might be required. Consult the SDS for each chemical before use: Splash goggles Lab coat (Fire resistant lab coat highly recommended) Long pants Close toed shoes Gloves – Nitrile gloves adequate for accidental contact with small quantities. However, the use of fire resistant Nomex/ Leather Pilot’s gloves is highly recommended _____________________________________________________________________________________ Safety Devices All work with Pyrophoric chemicals must be done in a glove box, vacuum manifold, or any enclosed inert environment. If work must be done in a fume hood, ensure that the hood sash is in the lowest feasible position. -
Lightning in a Test Tube
Published on ASSIST (https://assist.asta.edu.au) Home > Lightning in a test tube Lightning in a test tube Posted by Anonymous on Thu, 2015-08-20 15:08 Lightning in a test tube: I have a teacher who is planning on performing the 'lightning in a test tube' demonstration in the school lecture theatre. The experiment involves layering ethanol on top of sulfuric acid in a test tube and then dropping some potassium permanganate crystals into the sulfuric acid. I would prefer it to be performed in a fume cupboard. Voting: 0 No votes yet Year Level: 7 8 9 10 Senior Secondary Laboratory Technicians: Laboratory Technicians Showing 1-1 of 1 Responses Lightning in a test tube Submitted by sat on 25 August 2015 Science ASSIST strongly advises against this demonstration being performed in a school. The risks are too high and the demonstration is not able to be adequately controlled. Each of the chemicals involved in this activity has its own particular significant hazards. Ethanol: flammable liquid Sulfuric acid: corrosive acid Potassium permanganate: oxidising agent Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium permanganate to form manganese (VII) oxide (Mn2O7) [also called manganese heptoxide], which is explosive and reacts violently with the ethanol. Significant risks of explosion or fires or both are foreseeable and cannot be controlled, so the risk assessment would conclude that the risks of the demonstration are significant and cannot be adequately controlled at the moment and therefore should not be conducted. An alternative method for demonstrating this -
Potentially Explosive Chemicals*
Potentially Explosive Chemicals* Chemical Name CAS # Not 1,1’-Diazoaminonaphthalene Assigned 1,1-Dinitroethane 000600-40-8 1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate 006659-60-5 1,2-Diazidoethane 000629-13-0 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 000602-96-0 1,3-Diazopropane 005239-06-5 Not 1,3-Dinitro-4,5-dinitrosobenzene Assigned Not 1,3-dinitro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin Assigned Not 1,4-Dinitro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylolbutanetetranitrate Assigned Not 1,7-Octadiene-3,5-Diyne-1,8-Dimethoxy-9-Octadecynoic acid Assigned 1,8 –dihydroxy 2,4,5,7-tetranitroanthraquinone 000517-92-0 Not 1,9-Dinitroxy pentamethylene-2,4,6,8-tetramine Assigned 1-Bromo-3-nitrobenzene 000585-79-5 Not 2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexanitro-3,3'-dihydroxyazobenzene Assigned 2,2-di-(4,4,-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl)propane 001705-60-8 2,2-Dinitrostilbene 006275-02-1 2,3,4,6- tetranitrophenol 000641-16-7 Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl methyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso nitrobenzene Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso-1,4-dinitrobenzene Assigned 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazo benzene 029306-57-8 Not 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-diazabenzene Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl trimethylol methyl nitramine trinitrate Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitroso-3-methyl nitraminoanisole Assigned 2,4-Dinitro-1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene 000608-50-4 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine 000119-26-6 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol 000519-44-8 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diydroperoxy hexane 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol nitrate 024884-69-3 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid 000609-99-4 Not 3-Azido-1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate -
Synthesis with Iodine Azide
Controlling hazardous chemicals in microreactors: Synthesis with iodine azide Johan C. Brandt and Thomas Wirth* Full Research Paper Open Access Address: Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2009, 5, No. 30. Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.30 3AT, UK. Received: 23 March 2009 Email: Accepted: 04 June 2009 Thomas Wirth* - [email protected] Published: 12 June 2009 * Corresponding author Guest Editor: A. Kirschning Keywords: © 2009 Brandt and Wirth; licensee Beilstein-Institut. azide; flow chemistry; hazardous reagents; microreactor; License and terms: see end of document. rearrangement Abstract Aromatic aldehydes have been converted into the corresponding carbamoyl azides using iodine azide. These reactions have been performed safely under continuous flow reaction conditions in microreactors. Introduction Microstructured devices have already found their way into moieties in organic synthesis as they can be transformed easily organic synthesis, because they offer various advantages over into a large variety of other functional groups [5]. traditional large-scale chemistry performed in flasks or vessels [1,2]. The high surface-to-volume ratio as their main character- Iodine azide is a very hazardous but valuable reagent that is istic can result in rapid mixing of compounds, uniform reaction easier and much more safely handled under microreactor condi- conditions due to precise temperature control as well as rate tions. Iodine azide is a solid compound, highly explosive and enhancements because of short diffusion distances. In addition, toxic. It is known to add stereospecifically to carbon–carbon the synthesis and use of potentially hazardous compounds is double bonds with high regioselectivity following an ionic another advantage of microreactors as only very small amounts mechanism. -
The True Formula
ON THE TRUE FORMULA FOR PERMANGANATES. DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITT7 ' OF VIRGINIA. In application fir the Degree of Dadar of 'Pflilawplzj'. BY CHARLES M. B‘RADBURY, 0F VIRGINIA. THESIS —Permanga;zz}: acid is moiwéaszc, and the per-:V _ mangamztes are represented 6}! the generalfbmwla R (Mn 04 p. -' : . ; V To His Fat/tor, 31m ‘18. granary, (35511. 77:13 Paper is Inscribed IN TOKEN OF AFFECTION, BY film 9mm, Preface. The greater part of the following paper was written nearly a year ago. As it was nearing completion, I found, from an allusion in .an article by M. Raoult, of Paris, (see Bzzlleiz'n dc Soc. C/u'm. de Paris, XLVI, p. 805), that my conclusion as to the true formula for permanganates had been reached already by that eminent chemist, by means of a new method, origi- nated by himself, for determining molecular weights. Upon examining M. Raoult‘s original papem‘fHéWIz—Iifilc C/zz'm. ct dc Ply/5., (6), VIII, July, 1886, p. 3 30, however, it was found that nothing was given concerning permanganates, beyond the simple statement that they were shown by the method to be monobasic. T Dr. Victor Meyer and Dr. Auwers, of Gottingen, have recently extended and simplified the method of M. Raoult, (see Berk/zit a’n’ Dads. Chem. 656115., for February 27 and March 12, 1888), and I am therefore enabled to add materially to the evidence already collected in the dissertation, by a con- vincing application of this method. ‘ Had the detailed results of M. -
Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride