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1.Brethericks1 51 1..51 0001. Silver [7440-22-4] Ag Ag Acetylenic compounds MRH Acetylene 8.70/99þ See ACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS Aziridine See Aziridine: Silver Bromine azide See Bromine azide 3-Bromopropyne See 3-Bromopropyne: Metals Carboxylic acids Koffolt, J. H., private comm., 1965 Silver is incompatible with oxalic or tartaric acids, since the silver salts decompose on heating. Silver oxalate explodes at 140C, and silver tartrate loses carbon dioxide. See other METAL OXALATES Chlorine trifluoride MRH 1.42/36 See Chlorine trifluoride: Metals Copper, Ethylene glycol See Ethylene glycol: Silvered copper wire Electrolytes, Zinc Britz, W. K. et al., Chem. Abs., 1975, 83, 150293 Causes of spontaneous combustion and other hazards of silver—zinc batteries were investigated. Ethanol, Nitric acid Luchs, J. K., Photog. Sci. Eng., 1966, 10, 334 Action of silver on nitric acid in presence of ethanol may form the readily detonable silver fulminate. See Nitric acid: Alcohols See also SILVER-CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES Ethyl hydroperoxide See Ethyl hydroperoxide: Silver Ethylene oxide MRH 3.72/99þ See Ethylene oxide: Reference 4 Hydrogen peroxide MRH 1.59/99þ See Hydrogen peroxide: Metals Iodoform Grignard, 1935, Vol. 3, 320 In contact with finely divided (reduced) silver, incandescence occurs. 1 Other reactants Yoshida, 1980, 103 MRH values for 7 combinations, largely with catalytically susceptible materials, are given. Ozonides See OZONIDES Peroxomonosulfuric acid See Peroxomonosulfuric acid: Catalysts Peroxyformic acid MRH 5.69/100 See Peroxyformic acid: Metals See other METALS 0002. Silver—aluminium alloy [11144-29-9] AgÀAl Ag Al 1. Popov, E. I. et al., Chem. Abs., 1977, 87, 205143 2. Popov, E. I. et al., Chem. Abs., 1980, 94, 35622 Combustion and explosion hazards of the powdered alloy used in batteries were studied. Increase in silver content leads to higher values of the ignition temperature and COI [1,2]. See other ALLOYS, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0003. Silvered copper [37218-25-0] AgÀCu Ag Cu Ethylene glycol See Ethylene glycol: Silvered copper wire See related ALLOYS 0004. Silver—thorium alloy [12785-36-3] (1:2) AgÀTh Ag Th See entry PYROPHORIC ALLOYS 0005. Silver tetrafluoroborate [14104-20-2] AgBF4 F + Ag F B F F 2 Preparative hazard 1. Meerwein, H. et al., Arch. Pharm., 1958, 291, 541—544 2. Lemal, D. M. et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1961, 776—777 3. Olah, G. A. et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1960, 14, 295—296 Experimental directions must be followed exactly to prevent violent spontaneous explosions during preparation of the salt from silver oxide and boron trifluoride etherate in nitromethane, according to the earlier method [1]. The later method [3] is generally safer than that in [2]. See other SILVER COMPOUNDS 0006. Silver tetrafluorobromate [35967-89-6] AgBrF4 F + Ag F Br F F See entry METAL POLYHALOHALOGENATES See other SILVER COMPOUNDS 0007. Silver bromate [7783-89-3] AgBrO3 + OO Ag Br O Other reactants Yoshida, 1980, 133 MRH values for 16 combinations with oxidisable materials are given. Sulfur compounds MRH Sulfur 2.0/12 1. Taradoire, F., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1945, 12, 94—95 2. Pascal, 1960, Vol. 13.1, 1004 The bromate is a powerful oxidant, and unstable mixtures with sulfur ignite at 73—75C, and with disulfur dibromide on contact [1]. Hydrogen sulfide ignites on contact with the bromate [2]. See other METAL OXOHALOGENATES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0008. Silver chloride [7783-90-6] AgCl + Ag Cl Aluminium See Aluminium: Silver chloride 3 Ammonia 1. Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 382 2. Kauffmann, G. B., J. Chem. Educ., 1977, 54, 132 3. Ranganathan, S. et al., J. Chem. Educ., 1976, 53, 347 Exposure of ammoniacal silver chloride solutions to air or heat produces a black crystalline deposit of ‘fulminating silver’, mainly silver nitride, with silver diimide and silver amide also possibly present [1]. Attention is drawn [2] to the possible explosion hazard in a method of recovering silver from the chloride by passing an ammoniacal solution of the chloride through an ion exchange column to separate the þ Ag(NH3) ion, prior to elution as the nitrate [3]. It is essential to avoid letting the ammoniacal solution stand for several hours, either alone or on the column [2]. See Silver nitride See other METAL HALIDES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0009. Silver azide chloride [67880-13-1] AgClN3 2+ + Cl Ag N N N Frierson, W. J. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 1698 It is shock sensitive when dry. See other METAL AZIDE HALIDES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0010. Silver chlorite [7783-91-7] AgClO2 + Ag O O Cl Alone, or Iodoalkanes Levi, G. R., Gazz. Chim. Ital. [2], 1923, 53,40 The salt is impact-sensitive, cannot be finely ground, and explodes at 105C. Attempts to react silver chlorite with iodo-methane or -ethane caused explosions, immediate in the absence of solvents, or delayed in their presence. Hydrochloric acid, or Sulfur Mellor, 1941, Vol. 2, 284 It explodes in contact with hydrochloric acid or on rubbing with sulfur. Non-metals Pascal, 1960, Vol. 16, 264 Finely divided carbon, sulfur or red phosphorus are oxidised violently by silver chlorite. See other CHLORITE SALTS, SILVER COMPOUNDS 4 0011. Silver chlorate [7783-92-8] AgClO3 + Ag O O Cl O Sorbe, 1968, 126 An explosive compound and powerful oxidant. Ethylene glycol MRH 2.68/17 See Ethylene glycol: Oxidants Other reactants Yoshida, 1980, 69 MRH values for 17 combinations, largely with oxidisable materials, are given. See other METAL CHLORATES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0012. Silver perchlorate [7783-93-9] AgClO4 O + Ag O Cl O O Anon., Angew. Chem. (Nachr.), 1962, 10,2 It melts without decomposition although the enthalpy of conversion to silver chloride and oxygen appears to be about —0.5 kJ/g. An explosion while grinding the salt (which had not been in contact with organic materials) has been reported [1]. A powerful oxidant. Acetic acid MRH 2.80/22 Mellor, 1956, Vol. 2, Suppl. 1, 616 The salt solvated with acetic acid is impact sensitive. See Aromatic compounds, below Alkynes, Mercury Comyns, A. E. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4324 Concentrated solutions of the perchlorate in 2-pentyne or 3-hexyne (complexes are formed) explode on contact with mercury. See METAL ACETYLIDES Aromatic compounds MRH Aniline 3.47/11, toluene 3.51/9 1. Sidgwick, 1950, 1234 2. Brinkley, S. R., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 3524 3. Peone, J. et al., Inorg. Synth., 1974, 15,69 4. Stull, 1977, 22 Silver perchlorate forms solid complexes with aniline, pyridine, toluene, benzene and many other aromatic hydrocarbons [1]. A sample of the benzene complex exploded violently on crushing in a mortar. The ethanol complex also exploded similarly, and unspecified perchlorates dissolved in organic solvents were observed to explode [2]. 5 Solutions of the perchlorate in benzene are said to be dangerously explosive [3], but this may be in error for the solid benzene complex. The energy released on decomposition of the benzene complex has been calculated as 3.4 kJ/g, some 75% of that for TNT [4]. Carbon tetrachloride, Hydrochloric acid 491M, 1975, 368 Silver perchlorate and carbon tetrachloride in presence of a little hydrochloric acid produce trichloromethyl perchlorate, which explodes at 40C. See Trichloromethyl perchlorate 1,2-Diaminoethane 491M, 1975, 368 Dropwise addition of the amine to the salt led to an explosion (possibly initiated by heat liberated by complex formation). Diethyl ether Heim, F., Angew. Chem., 1957, 69,274 After crystallisation from ether, the material exploded violently on crushing in a mortar. It had been considered stable previously, since it melts without decomposition [1]. Dimethyl sulfoxide Ahrland, S. et al., Acta. Chem. Scand. A, 1974, 28, 825 The crystalline complex solvated with 2DMSO explodes with extreme violence if rubbed or scratched. See Dimethyl sulfoxide: Metal oxosalts Ethanol MRH 3.30/13 See Aromatic compounds, above Other reactants Yoshida, 1980, 81 MRH values for 20 combinations with oxidisable materials are given. 1,4-Oxathiane Barnes, J. C. et al., J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 1982, 4, 103—113 The perchlorate forms complexes with 2, 3 or 4 mols of oxathiane which explode on heating. Tetrachlorosilane, or Tetrabromosilane, or Titanium tetrachloride, and Diethyl ether Schmeisser, M., Angew. Chem., 1955, 67, 499 Reaction gives explosive volatile organic perchlorates, probably ethyl perchlorate. See ALKYL PERCHLORATES Tetrasulfur tetraimide See Tetrasulfurtetraimide—silver(I) perchlorate See other METAL PERCHLORATES, OXIDANTS, SOLVATED OXOSALT INCIDENTS 6 0013. Silver fluoride [7775-41-9] AgF + Ag F Calcium hydride See Calcium hydride: Silver halides Non-metals Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 389 Boron reacts explosively when ground with silver fluoride; silicon reacts violently. Titanium Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 20 Interaction at 320C is incandescent. See other METAL HALIDES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0014. Silver difluoride [7783-95-1] AgF2 2+ F Ag F Boron, Water Tulis, A. J. et al., Proc. 7th Symp. Explos. Pyrotechnics, 1971, 3(4), 1—12 Mixtures of boron and silver difluoride function as detonators when contacted with water. Dimethyl sulfoxide See Iodine pentafluoride: Dimethyl sulfoxide Hydrocarbons, or Water Priest, H. F. Inorg. Synth., 1950, 3, 176 It reacts even more vigorously with most substances than does cobalt fluoride. See other METAL HALIDES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0015. Silver amide [65235-79-2] AgH2N H + Ag N H Brauer, 1965, Vol. 2, 1045 Extraordinarily explosive when dry. See Nitrogen triiodide—silver amide See other N-METAL DERIVATIVES, SILVER COMPOUNDS 7 0016. Silver N-nitrosulfuric diamidate [ ] AgH2N3O4S O + + O N Ag N O (VI) S N H O H Sorbe, 1968, 120 The silver salt of the nitroamide is explosive. See other N-METAL DERIVATIVES, N—NITRO COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS 0017. Silver phosphinate [ ] AgH2O2P O + Ag P H O H Luchs, J. K., Photog. Sci. Eng., 1966, 10, 335 Explosive, but less sensitive than the azide or fulminate.
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