Vol. XXXVII No. 12

Published in the Interests of Agriculture

AUGUST, 1925

*5 f pel* copy Guelph Business Directory

The attention of the O. A. C. and Macdonald Students is drawn to the following Directory of Guelph Business and Professional men. Their adver¬ tisements help to make your magazine a success. They carry the best goods and give the best service you can obtain. It is only fair that you patronize them.

Banks— Cigar Stores— Dominion Bank Murphy & Cartledge Guelph and Ontario Investment Russell Daly and Saving Society. The Royal Bank Caterers— Union Bank The Kandy Kitchen Geo. Williams Barbers— College Barber Shop Cleaners and Pressers W. V. Bagg Bicycles— S. J. Wimpenny M. J. Brown

Book Stores— Confectionery— C. Anderson & Co. Geo. Williams

Boots and Shoes— Clothiers & Furnishings— Cosford’s Shoe Store J. D. McArthur Rollie Hewer Thurstons D. E. Macdonald & Bros., Ltd. Powell & Fennell R. S. Cull Brokers— Cole Bros. & Scott J. E. Carter A. S. MacPherson Keleher & Hendley Cafes— W. V. Baggs Dominion Cafe S. J. Wimpenny Royal Canadian Cafe Wyndham Inn Dentists— Dr. E. Burrows Candy, Ice Cream, Hot Drinks— Dr. M. J. Rudell The Kandy Kitchen Dr. G. P. Britton The Peacock Candy Shop Dr. D. M. Foster Murphy & Cartledge Dr. Ross H. Wing Russell Daly Dr. R. Mahoney

You will be doing the Review a service if you tell these people you have read their advertisement.

Continued on inside back cover page. 9 THE O. A. C. REVIEW 1

Dry, Sanitary, Poultry Houses Built of Concrete

- Dry, comfortable quarters which can he easily cleaned and ventilated are essential to a profitable poultry business. Birds kept under such conditions , are healthier. They breed better and lay better. Concrete is growing in favor for poultry house construction. It is permanent and proof against rats and other rodents. It is easily cleaned and has no cracks or crevices to harbor lice or other parasites. The following table shows material needed to build a concrete poultry house like the one illustrated: CONCRETE MIXTURES Footings and foundation walls . 1 2 y2 : 4 Floor.. 1 ; 2 : 3 Mortar for laying block.•. 1 : 3

MATERIALS REQUIRED

(Outside dimensions, 14x2 2 ft. Estimate based on foundation wall extending 3 feet below grade)

Cement.. 69 sacks Sand.5y2 cubic yards Pebbles or broken stone.8Y2 cubic yards Concrete block (8 by 8 by 16 inch).400 Half Block.40

Write to-day for literature about concrete on the farm CANADA CEMENT COMPANY LIMITED CANADA CEMENT COMPANY BUILDING PHILLIPS SQUARE MONTREAL Sales Offices at: Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Calgary CANADA CEMENT CONCRETE

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements • • 11 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

Please mention the 0. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements THE O. A. C. REVIEW 111.

Chilean Nitrate of Soda Oil Cake Meal The Fertilizer that furnishes Nitro¬ gen in the Immediately Avail¬ The Best Live Stock Food able Nitrate Form Twenty years’ investigations at the J.&J- LIVINGSTON New Jersey Experiment Station show¬ BRAND ed that “The percentage of Nitrogen recovered in the Crop was greater with the Nitrate than with any of the THE BEST OIL CAKE other materials, the 20-year average FLAX SEED being as follows:” Nitrate of Soda.62.42% PURE LINSEED MEAL Sulphate of Ammonia.... 47.48 % Dried Blood.38.69% Prompt Shipment Cow Manure.32.69% Reasonable Prices Free Literature on the Use of Nitrate of Soda in Canada may be obtained from THE DOMINION B. Leslie Emslie, Director LINSEED OIL CO. Chilean Nitrate Limited Educational Montreal, Que. St. Boniface, Man. Head Office and Mill, BADEN, ONT. Bureau Branch Office, TORONTO REFORD BUILDING TORONTO

r

Your ARE SURE IE YOU USE o v un-r yyy F Live HOW MANY,MANY TIMES YOU NEED SOMETHING OF THIS KIND, : TO KILL LICE ON A COLT OR CALF. TO TREAT A CASE OF MANGE OR RINGWORM,TO Stock.; WASH OUT A CUT OR A SCRATCH, TOiVDISINFECT A WOUND OR A RUNNING SORE OR GALL; HOW OFTEN YOU COULD MAKE GOOD USE OF A RELIABLE ANTISEPTIC IF YOU ONLY HAD IT. KEEP KRESO DIP N?l ON HAND YOU WILL FIND IT THE BEST KIND OF "INSURANCE AGAINST LOSS FROM PARASITES AND DISEASE. ITS A REAL NECESSITY ON EVERY FARMJ THERE IS ALWAYS GOOD MONEY IN HEALTHY, THRIFTY, WELL KEPT STOCK. LOUSY,MANGY, DIRTY, NEGLECTED ANIMALS ARE A LOSING GAME ANYTIME AND ANYWHERE . USE A GOOD DIP AND YOU WILL HAVE NO TROUBLE. BE SURE YOU HAVE THE RIGHT KINO NO QUESTION ABOUT IT JF YOU USE KRESO DIP NO.Ii FOR S-Lt By Al_l_ DRUGGISTS —bv Parke. Daria A Co.. ■ - • u l Ml I 11II Mil III llll —— ■ IV. THE 0. A. C. REVIEW

HOUSE INSULATION A NEW IDEA

A house lined with Cork is warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Fuel bills are reduced fully 30 per cent. ARMSTRONG’S NONPAREIL CORKBOARD has kept the heat out of cold storage rooms for the past thirty years. It will prevent the heat escaping from your home in just the same manner. Why burn fuel and allow the heat to flow readily through your , walls and roof? Write for a corkboard sample and our 40 page catalogue on House Insulation. Armstrong Cork & Insulation Co., Limited McGill Bldg., 11 Brant St., Montreal Toronto

Press Agricultural Politics in Canada

Founded are given unusual treatment in 1829 A History of Farmers’ Movements in Canada By Louis Aubrey Wood, Ph.D. WITH the study of Agriculture naturally goes a study of the doings of agriculturists. This volume gives a comprehen¬ sive treatment of the remarkable series of farmers’ move¬ ments occurring in Canada since 1872, and shows their effect on the social, economic and political life of the country. Dr. Wood’s aim has been to show Canadian farmers struggling through organiz¬ ation toward self-expression and toward an adequate defence of their industry. Particular attention is given to the farmers’ plunge into politics in the several provinces as well as in the Federal arena. 400 pages. $2.50. Get It Through the College Bureau THE RYERSON?PRESS Publishers

TORONTO CANADA

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements THE O. A. C. REVIEW v.

CONTENTS

Vol. XXXVII. Guelph, August, 1925. No. 12.

Something New in Canadian Agriculture. 461 E'. T. G., ’22. A Word About Our Travelling Libraries. 464 C. E. Freeman. Inside Information on Type. 467 Macdonald Hall . 468 Two Small Areas Test 68,'881 Cattle for T.B. 470 A Practical Method of Grain Selection ... 474 A. H. Stevens, ’27. Shall We Cater to Home or Foreign Markets. 476 Fruit Growing in Eastern Ontario. 480 A. D. Runions, ’27. Chemistry in the Home. 483 L. Elmo Gilmore Eluding Bandits in Mongolia. 486 S. M. Gordon, B.A. Editorial . 492 College Life . 495 Alumni . 497 Locals ..,. 508

The 0. A. C. Review is published by the students of the Ontario Agricultural College Students’ Publishing Association, every month in the year.

Annual subscription price in Canada, $1.00; outside 1.50; single copies 15c. Advertising rates on application. Scene on Speed, Guelph THE O AC. REVIEW “THE PROFESSION WHICH I HAVE EMBRACED REQUIRES A KNOWLEDGE OF EVERYTHING”

VOL. XXXVII. GUELPH, ONT., AUGUST, 1^25 No. 12

Something New in Canadian Agriculture IT is more than likely that the Re¬ just graduated to join. In past view reader, on realizing that years it has been the fact of slim this is but another of those “Will finances which has kept many of the you not join?” appeals with the in¬ recent graduates from becoming en¬ evitable yearly fee attached, shall rolled on the society’s membership. turn the pages rapidly to seek relief The new by-law now provides that in the small jokes and pointed per¬ all who make application for mem¬ sonalities which from ancient days bership within one year after gradu¬ have graced the last pages of the ation may become members without magazine. But alas! search for paying the initiation fee of five dol¬ light reading will be in vain, for this lars. is summer, and editors, bereft of all Perhaps it would be as well to aid from the jokesters who have mention for the sake of the older wandered far from the editorial graduates that the initiation fee be¬ chair, must needs fill the vacant comes effective on January first, pages with articles from graduates 1926, and until that date, all eligible who invariably feel that the under¬ may take out regular membership on graduate is in need of mental up¬ payment of the annual fee of six lifting. dollars alone. Let us get the worst over and deal The student member is entitled to at once with this invitation to join the privileges of the Text Book Club yet another society, and the sordid through which he may purchase his details of annual dues. text books at the considerable dis¬ * The Canadian Society of Techni¬ count of twenty per cent. This ser¬ cal Agriculturists is extending an in¬ vice, while it may not interest the vitation which strikes an entirely O.A.C. undergraduate who has the new note in the conduct of technical co-op. ready at hand, has steadily societies. It has added to its classes grown, and hundreds of members of members one open to “Student scattered across Canada have made members,” and all senior students use of its help. With the member¬ pursuing a degree course at an agri¬ ship also goes a free subscription to cultural college of recognized stand¬ Scientific Agriculture, the monthly ing are eligible for membership. The magazine that is edited, owned and annual dues for this class of mem¬ published by the society. bers are three dollars, and there is There is more behind membership no initiation fee. The recent revis¬ in the C.S.T.A. than a mere saving ion of the by-laws of the society also of money in buying books and a sub¬ makes it easier for those who have scription to a scientific agricultural 462 THE O. A. C. REVIEW magazine. These two are valuable and what has been accomplished in but merely incidental to the great a material way towards building up purpose for the following of which a strong organization? Professor the society is surely building a strong Barton in his retiring speech as Pres¬ and Dominion-wide membership. No ident of the society, delivered at the better words can be chosen to out¬ recent annual convention in Edmon¬ line the fundamental object of the ton, brought up this question of pro¬ society than those used by Professor gress, and the secretary’s report, Barton, of Macdonald College, a from which some figures are quoted Past-President of the C.S.T.A. The later, gave the answer. first object, he says, is to unite all Five years is not a very long per¬ workers in scientific, and technical iod in terms of agriculture, said Pro¬ agriculture for combined effort in fessor Barton, but most of us might promoting efficiency of the profes¬ regard it as sufficient to test an idea, sion in the service of agriculture. but not many of us would consider it How can the society promote this long enough to fully develop one of design? First, by creating in the very far reaching importance. Five heart of each member a pride in his years ago the Canadian Society of profession. With pride in occupation Technical Agriculturists was but an will come a self-respect that does idea. For five years it has been un¬ more to push forward the betterment der test, so we now should be able of agriculture than all the grants and to form some opinion as to whether bonuses that a government can offer it is good or bad, worth while or not, to the industry. If the need of fos¬ and whether the possible results to tering this pride in profession is not be obtained justify the further de¬ now apparent to the undergraduate, velopment necessary to secure them. it will be clear when he sallies forth The test has been a severe one; a from college with his degree. new type of society, therefore unaid¬ More easily understood, perhaps, ed by precedent and subject to skep¬ than this fostering of an esprit de ticism and suspicion; a widely scat¬ corps is that other branch of the tered prospective membership, a society’s activities towards promot¬ large section of which had formed ing the efficiency of the profession no society predilections; trying times in the service of agriculture. This financially for men in professional consists of the work of committees, agriculture and most adverse econ¬ made up of members foremost in omic conditions generally; official their branch of the profession, which support only as it could be justified are laboring together on such ques¬ and very limited financial assistance: tions as research, agricultural and these were some of the conditions educational policies, marketing edu¬ under which the test was made. cation, and graduate study. Along The conclusion to be drawn is in¬ these lines of investigation, consid¬ dicated in the continued endorsement erable progress has been made, and of nearly all the older members and the way cleared for a speedy ad¬ the further additions of new ones; vance. in the prestige the society demands, How long has the society been in a prestige that is not fully appre¬ existance, will ask certain readers, ciated by the members at large. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 463

The society, as mentioned, was tion for the Advancement of Sci¬ formed in 1920, with some 417 char¬ ence; articles from “Scientific Agri¬ ter members. At that time there culture” are reprinted in many of the were no local branches, no prospect leading technical publications of an official magazine, and no throughout the world. money with which to carry on. All This is the society that is opening the fees from the charter members its doors to the senior undergraduate had been spent in the organizing at the O.A.C., and making easy the convention, and the officers were path of entry for the recent gradu¬ forced to adopt a straight annual fee ate. The officers of the Western On¬ of ten dollars in the hope that it tario Branch will all be pleased to would provide sufficient funds to discuss membership with O.A.C. men. cover operating expenses. To-day, B. Leslie Emslie, Reford Building, the society numbers 760 members; Toronto, is President; Dr. C. A. Zav- it owns- edits and publishes an offi¬ itz, O.A.C., Vice-President; and W. cial organ, “Scientific Agriculture;” H. Wright, Post Office Building, To¬ it has organized local branches in ronto, Secretary-Treasurer. Fred H. every province; it numbers among Grindley (P.O. Box 625, Ottawa) is its membership practically all the General Secretary, and will be pleas¬ leading technical agriculturists of ed to explain further the aims and Canada; it has affiliations with the work of the society, and to advise Royal Society of Canada, the British as to membership. Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Associa¬ E. T. C., ’22.

v

This world that we ’re a livin in Is mighty hard to beat; You get a thorn with every rose, But aint the roses sweet!

i Think of me as your friend, I pray. For else my life is little worth, So shall your memory light my way, Although we meet no more on earth.

—William Winter. 464 THE O. A. C. REVIEW A Word about our Travelling Libraries By C. E. Freeman, ’25.

THE boys and girls of the O.A.C. matter in this day and generation, and Macdonald Institute have and especially so that they should carried many good gospels to know not of the benefits and plea¬ the people of Ontario. They have sures that books can bring. It told them the story of better seed, might well be suggested that a still better stock, better methods of work¬ more insidious phase of the question ing and better ways of playing, but is the possibility of raising up a gen¬ there is one message which has been eration of citizens who lack entirely somewhat neglected at times, and an appreciation of any kind for the that is the gospel of books. We have arts and letters which are in a sense all had such a splendid course in the basis of our fine civilization. English at the College and enjoyed Fortunately, however, there is no so the privileges which were made need for such conditions, because possible by the presence of the Mas¬ provision was made many years ago sey Library on our campus, that it for supplying at almost negligible almost behooves us to bring as much cost books for such people. But un¬ of it as possible to those to whom fortunately there are very few who such an opportunity has been de¬ know about and avail themselves of nied. the opportunities that have been thus As regards books, the people in opened. It is the purpose then of our larger municipalities and centres this article to call attention to the are particularly well served. Ontario splendid collections of books which has more public libraries in propor¬ are at the disposal of our people at tion to her population than any other all times in order that any who may country, state or province in the read this article and who may not world. But 'this brings nothing to themselves happen to know about the people in the open country, and Ontario’s Travelling Libraries may therefore thousands of people so pass on the information to the situated who are literally starving people to whom these cases of books for books and the benefits that they would mean so much in the long would bring to them. lonely evenings of the fall and win¬ Many of these people have moved ter. to these regions from places where The Travelling Library movement they had always had access to books started in America in the early and for them this starvation is a real nineties, spreading quickly from New and trying condition, but there are York State, where it had its birth, thousands who never have enjoyed to some of the other States and to the companionship of books, know Ontario. The first cases were made not their loss, and are as the blind up for the use of men in the lumber who reck not of the light of day. camp, but by 1910 a number were In any case it is a sad and regret¬ being sent out to rural districts. To¬ table state of affairs that people day there are upwards of 50,000 should be without suitable reading volumes in the collection and about THE O. A. C. REVIEW 4 65

400 cases of 40 books each, were sent given a preference at all times and out during the past year. The year¬ a reasonable balance is maintained ly growth of these libraries in On¬ between the popular writings of the tario was largely due to the splendid hour and the books of all time. This work of the late Walter Nursey. Af¬ may seem rather much to ask of ter his death, in 1909, the develop¬ one’s collection of about 40 books ment was rather slow for some years. but when a community gets a case Under the supervision of Mr. W. V. or two every year the adjustment Carson, the present Inspector of becomes rather nice from year to Public Libraries, there has been a year. steady growth, but, owing to lack of Indeed it is almost pathetic the adequate funds, no advertising has way individuals look in each case been done of the service available. for a certain type of book. One The result is that only those who wants a look on architecture, another have heard of it through the Wo¬ a work of electricity, still another mens’ Institute or some other organ¬ one on travel. Some want a certain ization have been availing themsel¬ author, and are so enraptured to find ves of the opportunity to obtain a volume of Dickens or so disap¬ books for community reading. The pointed if there is not something by present appropriation for Travelling Ralph Connor, and so on. No one is Libraries is about five thousand dol¬ more delighted by the arrival of the lars, which is merely sufficient to case than the mothers who want maintain the service as it now something for Johnny or Mary to stands. This sum will not be in¬ read. But that is a story that is as creased until the demand becomes long as the history of the libraries greater and since the Department themselves. has not sufficient funds to spread the good news it remains for us to There isn’t any mystery about do our part in creating the demand getting one of these little gray cases which alone can increase the pro¬ into your community. It is only portions of this splendid branch of necessary to form a club of some Library 'work. In other words the sort call it a Reading Club or any¬ appropriations for Travelling Lib¬ thing else that you like—that will be raries will be increased only when responsible for looking after the there is a greater demand from the books when they arrive. Fill out people for the books. the application form, which will be sent by the Department of Educa¬ A splendid feature of the cases tion on request, and the books will that are sent out is the fact that be sent “Collect” to your nearest each box contains books to suit a station. A case may be kept for six great variety of tastes. . There are months if desired, and then return¬ always at least ten or tv/elve books ed to the stock-room in Toronto, the for the children included, the rest department paying cost of return of the case comprising a fair per¬ transportation. In order that all centage of wholesome fictions and an communities might show equally in assortment of well selected books of cost of transportation, Mr. Carson travel, history, biography and sci¬ has suggested that a flat rate should ence. Naturally Canadian works are be charged of say three dollars for 466 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

each, but this has not as yet been version. Too much cannot be said arranged and the clubs pay the cost on this point, but to Review readers of the out-going journey. Unfortun¬ its importance is already well known. ately by this system the outlying The writer would suggest further communities who need the books discussion of this important ques¬ most have to pay much more than tion in the columns of our little ma-v those nearer at hand, but even for gazine. For the benefit of those this the cost is only trifling when who do not already know where to compared with the benefits received. get these ubiquitous little libraries, Now is the time to be getting folks it is only necessary to drop a card interested in the matter of winter to the Travelling Libraries Branch, reading. By the time the thing had Department of Education, Parlia¬ been talked up, clubs organized and ment Buildings, Toronto. other necessary details arranged the days will be growing shorter and the May we take this opportunity of wishing you a very pleasant winter evenings more suggestive of a com¬ fortable fireside with a good book. with your books. Get the reading habit started before other and lesser interests take its “How well I know what I mean to place, and the long dreary winter do, will be transformed and filled with When the long, long winter even¬ hours of pleasant and beneficial di¬ ings come.”

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THE ONLY WAY OUT

“The Smiths have separated. Were they not suited to each other?”

“Oh, quite. But neither of them had LUCK: “I’m a fortunate man. It courage to discharge the cook.”— happened outside of a hospital!”—Le Xagels Lustige Welt, Berlin. Rire, Paris. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 467 Inside Information on Type

Bacon Hog (left) and Lard Hog (right) minus the pork.

THE Animal Husbandry Depart¬ and the arch and size of the chine ment at the O. A. C. is now over the loin as compared with the in possession of the skeletons lard type. The size and openness shown above. The one on the left of chine in the bacon hog is typical was the champion bacon barrow at of a dairy cow. See how it carries the Royal Winter Fair in 1923. The from the shoulders to the head. The other was a lard type hog of exactly difference can even be noted in the the same weight. The Canadian tail. Swine Breeder’s Association present¬ Another striking difference is that ed the hogs to the college, and they of the size of the thoracic cavity, have had the carcasses degreased and which is so important for constitu¬ the skeletons mounted. tion and vigour, since it houses the No better object jlesson in type vital organs. In the bacon hog it could be seen anywhere. First note is deeper, and longer, and wider at the difference in general appearance both top and floor. In width of rib, and carriage of the two animals. In flatness of rib, and openness of rib, living models the quality and the bacon hog again resembles the strength of bone and erectness of dairy cow. carriage of the bacon hog far ex¬ Strange to say this bacon model cels that of the lard hog, and in has one pair more ribs than the the skeletons this superiority in other. However, this is not as the bacon hog, and the corres¬ strange as it would at first seem, ponding weakness and inferiority since the number of ribs in any type in the lard hog is much more pro¬ of hog is not always constant. nounced. For example note the Another thing you will notice on strength and erectness of pasterns closer examination is that the open- 46S THE O. A. C. REVIEW

ing into the head for the spine, and tastes of old country consumers, anti the brain space in the bacon hog is most breeders who look for strength considerably larger than that of the and quality of bone, style, and arch lard hog. Apparently it is correct to of back, strength of constitution and say that the bacon hog has more trimness will declare that he has a brains than his lard type brother. At fair share of brains and knows how any rate he certainly knows how to to use them. measure up to the most fastidious

MACDONALD HALL

As you come to the College (that hotbed of knowledge Which goes ;by the name of the Guelph 0. A. C.) Your maiden impression (a perfect obsession) Is: “Where is the Farm that I thought this to be?” On looking around you, the buildings confound you No cow rears her head, we are barren of bees No Stable nor manger;—but bear up dear stranger Well show you some things that are better than these.

On your left is a portal, long rendered immortal— The doorway that guards the abode of the girls You may watch from this station the swift emigration Of sleepy young damsels still combing their curls. Such pageants of beauty create it a duty To mention a fact that its hard to conceive Like Mills Hall their nighbour they're subject to labour And hard labour too (so they'll have us believe.)

They study so much they can make anything Cooking for instance, and dates with the men. They’d even try farming but though they're quite charming Thev’d die if you left them alone with a hen, This building at eve, a spot I believe is Unequalled for touching and picturesque scenes Its really delightful to see the hall quite full Of fellows who’ve come for their own special Queens. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 469

Would you know the Hall girls (both short girls and tall girls) ; Oh stranger you’ll find them >a harrowing lot; For this is a fact; you will find they'll attract you, No matter how much you may think they will not. These maidens bewitching, at needlework stitching Or fetching Mac Institute water in pails; Would vie with a siren, for kindling Love's fire in The vunerable hearts of susceptible males.

The influence tender of feminine gender Is quickly discerned in our everyday life; By rigid self training and desperate restraining Of primitive instinct to eat with ones knife. These ruthless heart breakers, these dainty “Home Makers” Make serious study a thing of romance; A fellow’s unable to work at a table, Instead of attending a masquerade dance.

They’re the height of the bright life, of O.A.C. night life, Such crowds of brave men and their ladies so fair; It is certain, your feet’ll be crashed like a beetle, But everyone else will, so what does one care? Only those men who won’t dance, or fellows who don’t dance Are absent from this, (and amongst them’s myself) ; They toil the long night through, till work they are quite through, The stalwarts of college, the pillars of Guelph.

That edifice dome like is rendered quite home like, By frequently varied and touching display; The cream of their art. is the sweet “Children’s Parties”, They're sheltered, alas, from the man’s vulgar gaze, Some wear football outfits, what matter if ‘nowt’ fits As long as thev’re eomfv and easv to wear— —I’d better say here sir, that all this my dear sir Is what I’ve been told, for I’ve never been there.

Those of us who believe that justice and fairness must rule the world have to take a very firm stand against those subversive tendencies which can bring no hope of anything except strife and war.—Mr. Ramsay MacDonald. 470 THE O. A. C. REVIEW Two Small Areas Test 68,881 Cattle for T.B. 7.38% React

Pioneer work in eradicating Bovine Tuberculosis in Manitoba and Quebec THE first attempt in Canada to infected premises had been satisfac¬ test ALL cattle for Tubercul¬ torily cleansed, disinfected and re¬ osis within a definite area, leased, compensation amounting to was made by the Carman district in $32,830 vTas paid. All herds from Manitoba as recently as 1923, and w’hich reactors had been removed the second attempt was made last were tested after a period of sixty year in the Province of Quebec, in days had lapsed. There were 344 the same way, under what is known of these herds, which contained 5.990 as the Restricted Area Plan. cattle, and 97 reactions were obtain¬ The Manitoba Area ed, or 1.6 per cent. The reacting cattle were slaughtered, the prem¬ George Hilton, V. S., Veterinary ises disinfected, and $3,128 wTas paid Director General, wonting in the in compensation. Agricultural Gazette, tells of the test made in Manitoba. He writes: The ninety-seven (97) reacting The first application for assist¬ cattle w~ere found on fifty-one (51) ance under this plan w*as received premises, and on four of these all soon after the order wTas passed the cattle were diseased, leaving from the Deputy Minister of Agricul¬ forty-seven (47) infected herds to ture for the Province of Manitoba, retest after a sixty day interval. At covering an area in the Carman dis¬ this test two reactors wTere found on trict, consisting of twenty townships. one premises. These animals were The application wras accepted and slaughtered, the premises disinfect¬ arrangements w^ere made to organ¬ ed and $49.33 was paid in compen¬ ize the vrork of testing all cattle in sation. the area. These tests were commen¬ Ten veterinary inspectors were en¬ ced on February 1st, 1923, and al¬ gaged in conducting the second gen¬ though bad weather conditions made eral test of all cattle in the area, and transportation difficult, it was pos¬ this work was completed in October, sible, owing to most active co-oper¬ having occupied a period of four ation of all the stock owmers, to com¬ weeks. plete the test of all the cattle, num¬ There vrere 15,600 cattle in the bering 16,435 head, in a period of six area at this test, and 87 of these re¬ weeks, with the employment of ele¬ acted, or .55 per cent, for which ven veterinary officers. $3,154 w^as paid in compensation. Nine hundred and eighteen (918) These reactors were found on 67 dif¬ of these cattle reacted, or 5.58 per ferent premises and after they wrere cent. These were promptly shipped removed for slaughter the premises for slaughter to abattoirs under Gov¬ were thoroughly cleansed and disin¬ ernment inspection, and after the fected. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 471

The Quebec Area Mr. Hilton, in the Agricultural Gaz¬ In regard to the test made in ette, has for its object the eradica¬ Quebec the following information tion of Bovine Tuberculosis from de¬ has been obtained from A. E. Cam¬ finite areas. It is a more radical eron, Acting Veterinary Director plan than our older policies, as it General. involves the testing of all classes of The application for assistance un¬ cattle in a specified territory and the der the Restricted Area Plan for slaughter of all diseased animals. the Eradication of Bovine Tuber¬ It is a co-operative plan between culosis was received from the Minis¬ the Federal and Provincial Govern¬ ter of Agriculture for the Province ments and the stock owner, and of¬ of Quebec, covering an Area in that fers an exceptional opportunity to province consisting of three count¬ eradicate this disease from large ies—Huntingdon. Beauharnois and areas, also their maintenance from Chateauguay. After due considera¬ it in a practical and economical man¬ tion the application was accepted ner. and arrangements were made to or¬ The regulations provide that the ganize the work of testing all cattle application for assistance under this in the area. plan must be forwarded to the Fed¬ These tests were commenced Oc¬ eral Minister of Agriculture by the tober 23rd, 1924, and although wea¬ Minister of Agriculture of the Pro¬ ther conditions were not all that vince in which the area is located. could be desired; it was possible, The location and boundaries of the owing to the co-operation of the proposed area must be given, the ap¬ stock owners, and all other bodies proximate number of cattle within interested in the project, to complete it, and there must also be a state¬ the test of all cattle in the area on ment to the effect that a majority of March 4th, 1925. at least two-thirds of the cattle own¬ ers in the area have expressed a de¬ 52,446 head of cattle were tested, of which 4,172 reacted, or 7.95%. sire to have all the cattle in the area tested for the eradication of tuber¬ The reactors were shipped for culosis. Under this plan, therefore, slaughter to an abattoir under gov¬ all cattle are systematically tested ernment inspection, and after the in¬ with tuberculin by Veterinary In¬ fected premises had been satisfactor¬ spectors of the Health of Animals ily cleaned and disinfected and re¬ Branch. Reactors are permanently leased, compensation amounting to earmarked by punching the letter $150,785 was paid. “T” through the right ear, and are All herds from which reactors have valued bv the veterinarv officer. The been removed are tested after a per¬ maximum value permitted by law for iod of sixty days has lapsed. There purebreds is $150 and $60 for grades, were 1,343 of these herds and as the and the owner receives two-thirds of retests have not been completed fur¬ the appraised value in compensation ther figures in this connection are in addition to the value of the car¬ not available. cass. Regulations As the essential feature in the era¬ The Restricted Area Plan, says dication of tuberculosis is the sep- 472 THE O. A. C. REVIEW aralion of the diseased cattle hom Untested cattle may be brought tlv healthy ones, and the wider they into the area for immediate slaugh¬ are separated and the less communi¬ ter, provided they are not allowed to cation there is between them after¬ come in contact with area cattle and wards, the greater the possibility of are kept isolated until slaughtered. establishing clean herds, reactors af¬ With a view to further protecting ter having been valued and earmark¬ the cattle from possible infection, the ed are promptly shipped for slaugh¬ feeding of by-products of cheese fac¬ ter under official supervision, and tories, skimming stations and butter the premises from which they are factories, is prohibited within an removed are thoroughly cleansed area unless the said by-products have and disinfected. All herds in which first been sterilized by heat. reactors have been found are retest¬ ed as soon as possible after a sixty Advantages of Restricted Plan day period has elapsed from the date Experience in dealing with this of the cleansing and disinfection of disease has shown that, with the con¬ the premises. This procedure is tinued support of the stock men, in¬ necessary in order to pick out anim¬ fection will be ultimately eradicated als in which the disease had not from these areas, but it will require progressed sufficiently to produce a the utmost vigilance and persever¬ reaction at the previous test, and this ance. Great care will have to be ex¬ is the earliest period at which a re¬ ercised to prevent the introduction test can be applied with reliable re¬ of infection from outside sources, and sults. as a tuberculosis cow is undoubtedly The regulations further provide the most prolific disseminator of in¬ for the protection of the herds in fection, cattle for addition to clean the area from the introduction of herds should be purchased only from infection from outside sources. herds in which infection has not Cattle intended to be brought into the been found, or from those in which area for permanent stay must first it has been eliminated. be tested with tuberculin by a veter¬ Regulatory measures are essential inary inspector, and no cattle are in suppressing contagious diseases, permitted to be brought in for this and, unfortunately, however wisely purpose unless they have passed a administered, they are in many cases satisfactory test. irksome and cause inconvenience and Untested cattle may be shipped financial losses to stock owners. No for transit through the area, but, if trouble was, however, experienced in necessary to unload within the area, conducting this work. The stockmen they must be unloaded at points were willing and anxious to assist in specially designated for this purpose, the eradication of this disease, and where they can be kept from coming with their active co-operation it was in contact with area cattle. possible to make satisfactory pro¬ Untested cattle are not permitted gress. to be driven across the area by road, This plan affords an excellent op¬ unless special permission is first re¬ portunity for systematic and meth¬ ceived in writing by the veterinary odical work, and enables the testing inspector in charge of the area. of the greatest number of cattle in a THE O. A. C. REVIEW 473

given period. The prompt slaughter ket for the feed produced by the of all diseased cattle and the cleans¬ stock raisers, as the same profitable ing and disinfection of all infected returns cannot be made in feeding premises provide a clean territory tuberculosis animals as healthy ones. for healthy herds, which gives the The value of a herd is much en¬ owners a better opportunity to main¬ hanced by the elimination of tuber¬ tain their herds free from tubercul¬ culosis, and there is a greater de¬ osis. mand for animals from such herds. The advantage to a stock owner The owner also has the satisfaction in a restricted period are many. A of knowing that he is raising cattle tuberculosis-free herd is a valuable free from tuberculosis, and especial¬ asset. Tuberculosis cows on an aver¬ ly so as it is not at all an uncommon age are not so long lived as those thing for this disease to be transfer¬ free from it. The percentage of di¬ red from cattle to man, and more gestive and other disorders is much particularly to young children by greater in a tuberculosis herd, result¬ means of raw milk. The eradica¬ ing in severe losses through dimin¬ tion of tuberculosis is, therefore, not ished milk supply, and premature only an economic problem but of deaths are much more frequent. great benefit to the public health of Tuberculosis animals are a poor mar¬ the state.

Homeward over the downs we went, Soaked to the heart with sweet content. 474 THE O. A. C. REVIEW A Practical Method of Grain Selection

By A. H. Stevens, ’27. IN Ontario to-day one of the great¬ slowly and does not grow as fast, est problems on an up-to-date hence the field is uneven. Through farm is to produce the maximum this uneven growth the sun and wind amount of grain that the land will penetrates and drys out the land. yield. On stock farms and on dairy With large plump seeds, however, farms where a large herd is being growth is dense and even through¬ maintained, the greater portion of out and thus the land is protected the farm is taken up wuth pasture, and does not lose its precious mois¬ hay, roots and silage, and, for econ¬ ture. Also in storms, one blade pro¬ omical feeding, the remaining por¬ tects the next, which is not the case tion must satisfy the grain require¬ with uneven growth. ments of the herd. The rotation used on this type of farm leaves the 40 Bushels of Spring Wheat Per ground in good condition for grow¬ Acre! ing a bumper crop of grain, and there This does not seem probable, or is no real reason why a good crop even possible, and yet it is the ex¬ should not be harvested every year perience of a. farmer with Wild Goose Wheat. He wTas dissatisfied Eliminate tlie Runt with the yield he had been receiv¬ It is wTell known that a runt in a ing, although his crops were equal litter of pigs wTill not develop with to any in the neighbourhood. To in¬ the same feed and care as rapidly crease his yields he decided to take as the rest of the litter; so in grains, drastic measures. A few miles awray poor seed can never produce as good wTas a flour mill, and to this he took crops as good seed will. Yet, in his seed v~heat. After considerable spite of this fact, farmers go on from trouble he persuaded the miller to year to year sowing seed that is not put his grain through the screens of the highest quality, and wonder that are used to screen wTheat for why their crops compare so unfavor¬ the highest grade hour. • In the pro¬ ably with those of a neighbor, who cess, over one-third of the wheat has selected his seed, and in the was removed, but the remainder wras harvest reaps the benefit. of excellent size and quality. From In grain that has been cleaned of the time the wheat came up till it weed seeds, w^e still find a great num¬ was harvested, it was the prettiest ber of small and shrunken seeds. It sight in the district. The growth is this mixture of small and shrunk¬ wras very thick and uniform, and en seeds along with large, plump, ripened evenly. But the greatest healthy ones, that is the great cause surprise of all came when the grain of reduced grain yields. When this was threshed, the yield being forty seed is sowm, the plumper seeds ger¬ bushels per acre. This shows con¬ minate first, and of course -grow clusively that it is well wrorth the more rapidly than the rest. The time and trouble of fanning out small and shrunken seed germinates severely any grain used for seed. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 475

A Golden Opportunity a gardener. Here he developed that But this is merely a system of quality of patience that served him selecting the best seeds from a mass. so well in later life. Disgusted with The better type of selection requires his humdrum life as gardener, he more effort, but will reward richly came to Canada and took up a quar¬ anyone who is willing to sacrifice ter section in Saskatchewan. In this a little time. Any field of grain on new environment he followed the first sight appears the same through¬ crowd and produced wheat for mar¬ out, but closer inspection reveals ket. He soon saw, however, that some heads much larger, plumper seed production was his one hope of and usually a little earlier maturing success. Into this new field he ent¬ than the rest. Here is the farmer’s ered heart and soul, and soon found golden opportunity. A half day spent that the selection of standing heads in gathering these wonderful heads was his quickest way of producing would be time well spent. But seed grain, better than that of his selection does not end here. The competitors. He made a wonderful good old flail should be dug from its success of this, and his seed always dusty retreat and once more put to sold at a high price. This led him work, but this time to a more noble further in selection, by growing task, that of threshing the very best grain in single cultivated rows, to seed. The straw and chaff should be mark the good qualities of each removed by a fanning mill, and as a plant. After a few years of this further step toward first-class seed, selection, he has succeeded in de¬ the small grains from the tips of veloping wheat up to 60 bushels the heads should be fanned and per acre as a field average. screened out. The crop produced While everv farmer would not do next year from seed of this kind will this, yet he should be able to carry surprise and convert even the great¬ cut the selection of standing heads est sceptic. This course continued without much trouble, since during from year to year will gradually im¬ this whole time, Segar Wheeler, with prove the yields to an unexpected the help of one hired man. has farm¬ degree. ed a quarter section, and still found A Western Success time to carry on his chosen work. A good example of this is the won¬ So it is the duty of every energetic derful success of Segar Wheeler, of farmer to select his grain to as great Rosthern, Sask. He was brought a degree as possible under his own up in England, and apprenticed to conditions.

Think of me as your friend, I pray, For else my life is little worth; So shall your memory light my way, Although we meet no more on earth. —William Winter. 476 THE O. A. C. REVIEW Shall We Cater to Home or Foreign Markets ? MUST American farmers look to markets may be dismissed with the to the future in which farm statement that the prices of certain products are consumed at staple commodities, such as wheat, home, or shall they produce with the corn, rye and tobacco, suffered heav¬ foreign market in view? Will the ily in the recent price decline. Yet United States become an importing the volume of exports of these pro- nation for agricultural products? ducts during the period of the de¬ Asher Hobson, the United States cline were greater than before or delegate to the International Insti¬ during the war. tute of Agriculture at Rome, writing Price Is All-Important Item in the Banker-Farmer, says: “In my The foreign market is still doing opinion, prudence dictates that the business at the same old stand, in future policy of American agriculture the same old quantities, if goods are must be one depending less and less offered at the same old price. But upon sales abroad.” He believes unfortunately American agriculture that the purchasing power of Europe is unable to do business at anything has not kept pace with production like the same old price. costs in America, and that standards of living have a direct bearing on As regards exports, price—not both production costs and purchas¬ volume—is the vitamine which ing power. He says: nourishes agriculture. Little solace is it to the man on the land to know Until the last years the United that his country exports huge quan¬ States has been able to sell abroad tities of the things he grows, if the the products of her soil at a price price received does not pay his pro¬ which at least maintained her agri¬ duction outlays. Hence our interest cultural population, even though it in Europe as an outlet for American did not necessarily maintain her agricultural products centres upon agriculture. the likelihood of the European con¬ During the last decade, the Ameri¬ sumers being able and willing to pay can farmer enjoyed a production cost a price that will show a profit to sufficiently low to permit him to of¬ the American farmer. fer his wares to the world at an Europe’s Purchasing Power is attractive price. The world needs Meagre his products as badly as ever, but the increased price is not so attrac¬ When the bulk of the populace is tive. The European market is still considered, the American observer hungry. But the difficulty comes in abroad cannot help being impressed that the purchasing power of the with the limited amount of money consumer abroad has not kept, pace expended by the average European with production costs at home. family. The shop keeper, clerk, art¬ The assumption that declining isan, mechanic, labourer, farmer, the prices were due to a loss of foreign village inhabitant—roughly guessed THE O. A. C. REVIEW 477

as representing more than 75 per less than he can afford, and the cent, of the entire population—leads tendency of the American to travel a frugal life when compared to his beyond his means. But for the most occupational brother in America. part, the difference is explained by There are many indications of this. the vaguely used term “purchasing Travel Indicative of Buying Power power of the masses.” Travel may be considered an index Automobiles Are Another Index of purchasing power. An idea of the In walking through Switzerland, volume of travel in Europe, as com¬ I did not see a single automotive pared to America, may be had from vehicle on the farm. This is not say¬ the fact that there are two through ing that none exist, but certainly trains a day between Paris and they are few. The same observation Rome, cities of the same respective holds generally true in Italy and, to sizes as Washington and Chicago, a less extent, in France. The lack separated by about the same distan¬ is not due to a disregard for the use ces. One of these trains carries of machinery, but because farmers first-class sleeping cars only, “de can afford to purchase only highly luxe.” It is largely supported by the productive machinery. The automo¬ tourist trade, of which Americans bile considered solely in. the light of form no small part. During a por¬ a farm implement, apart from its tion of the year this train runs only uses as a pleasure and convenience three times a week. It is safe to vehicle, places its cosf beyond reach. assume that these two trains do not A year or two ago, roughly speak¬ carry one-fifth the number of pas¬ ing, there were 20,000,000 automo¬ sengers carried by American trains biles, tractors, and trucks in use in under similar conditions. the world. Seventeen million of these Roughly speaking, passenger tra¬ were in the United States; hence, vel in Europe is divided into three there were some six cars in America classes, not including sleeping cars. to every one found elsewhere. It is More people ride third class than in believed that this proportion may ail other classes combined. Third be considered as a fairly reliable class, as a rule, is an unadorned, un¬ measure of spending tendencies in cushioned coach with wooden seats our own country for commodities not not unlike park benches. English generally considered essential, as third class coaches are an excep¬ compared to European nations. tion to this generalization. The The same general conditions hold European sleeping car is used by the true in relation to the moving pic¬ exceptional traveller only. Its use is ture shows, theatres, and other forms a certain indication of either wealth of paid amusements common to Eur¬ or lack of judgment concerning val¬ ope and America. The spending ues. Hence for those who travel, tendency of the American may not there is a vast difference between the indicate a better or more substan¬ services demanded and those repre¬ tial civilization, but it certainly does sented by our own parlor and pull- imply a higher purchasing power. man car habits. The difference may It is perhaps well to consider more be explained in part by the Europ¬ basic factors in attempting to de¬ ean’s tendency to travel in a class scribe the limited purchasing power 478 THE O. A. C. REVIEW of the average European family. Patching Is Lost Art in U. S. The home, clothing, and diet are The expenditure of the people for matters difficult to encompass in gen¬ clothes in well illustrated bv*/ the eralizations. For the sake of accur¬ story of a Russian immigrant in acy I shall attempt to be specific. America, who was asked to state the Foreign Families Practice Thrift things in America which impressed In Switzerland I made inquiry as him most. His reply was that he to the possibility of securing board never ceased wondering at the fact and room with a Swiss peasant fam¬ that people could leave their milk ily for a short period. I was told by bottles on the front step, and that no one of the agricultural leaders of the one wore patched clothing. The* country that this would be difficult first observation is a compliment to to do, since most peasants live under our standard of honesty, perhaps conditions far too primitive for one justly deserved, perhaps not,, when used to an American standard of measured with other factors. The comfort. Furthermore, he advised second remark is no surprise to one me that the usual farm home was who has lived in Europe. Judging barely sufficient in size to accommo¬ by dress alone, America has no poor. date the members of the farm fam¬ Patching is a lost art. In Europe it ily. Later experience led me to be¬ has not been abandoned. In certain lieve that my adviser underrated circles it is still a cherished prac¬ somewhat the comforts of the Swiss tice. That it so generally survives peasant’s dwelling, inasmuch as the indicates that the inhabitants have lack of furnishings is supplied in a not so much to spend as in America. large measure by that indescribable Diet Is Simple and Wholesome atmosphere called homliness. One is compelled to admire the When it comes to European diet, a thriftiness practised in these homes, generalization or two will not mis¬ how they save and how far they can lead. The European may eat as much make a little go. Here one finds or more than the American. How¬ the simplest of furniture, much of ever that may be, certainly he does which has been made by members not enjoy as wide a variety of the of the family. They get along with things he eats. It is not at all un¬ tools of a primitive sort, yet one common for the Italian labourer or must commend the efficient use they farm peasant to make a hearty meal make of these tools. The Swiss of bread and wine. A usual excep¬ farm home is attractive, even though tion is to cut a wide gash in a loaf it is a product of a low cash income. of bread and fill it with boiled greens The same degree of thriftiness is or beans. practised in the farm homes of Because of the question of price, France and Italy and in the portion meat is not an everyday article of of Germany in which I have been. diet. Meat on Sundays, or more lib- In all these countries the American erallv twice a week, is a condition is amazed at the low cash turnover generally unknown in America. Bai¬ of the average farmer. The expen¬ ter and eggs are other items pro¬ ses of subsistance leave little in the duced on farms, but- not consumed form of surplus funds. there or by the labouring classes. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 479

Except in the arid or semi-arid the comforts of life. Frugality is to regions in the United States, fuel is be admired; but on the whole, when a free commodity on most farms. universally practisedrit does not fur¬ Such is far from the case in Europe. nish a demand sufficient to support Even in Switzerland, a land of for¬ the agriculture of a more extrava¬ ests, wood is an expensive item and gant nation. one to be husbanded with care. It When purchasing power of the is a common sight all over Europe people as a whole is considered, cer¬ to see women gathering brush for tainly no European population can fuel wherever brush is to be gather¬ measure up to spending tendencies ed. They will carry a bundle for a exhibited by the populace of the mile or so to their own fireside. United States. Europe Too Frugal for Our From the standpoint of a market, Products the American home market has no These incidents which have been equal when measured by the ability mentioned have their numerous ex¬ to pay. The most prosperous consum¬ ceptions, but certainly they accurate¬ er is that of his own country. This ly portray a tendency which indicat¬ fact alone should be sufficient incen¬ es, in some measure at least, a re¬ tive for attempting to adjust Ameri¬ stricted means with which to pur¬ can agriculture to the needs of the chase those things which promote home market.

Wife: “But you haven’t shaved!’’ “I saw “The Sisters” of Goethe Husband: “I did—when you yesterday!” started to dress!” “Are they still alive?” Buen Humor, Madrid. —Dorfbarbier, Berlin. 4S0 THE O. A. C. REVIEW Fruit Growing in Eastern Ontario By A. D. Runions, ’27. FRUIT growing in Ontario is gen¬ season is warmer and considerably erally thought to be confined longer in Western Ontario, thus to the Western part of the there is more time for the pests to Province, especially the Niagara reproduce. This is merely a fulfil¬ Peninsula. Nevertheless, while the ment of the unwritten law that climatic conditions are not favorable wherever plants and animals thrive for the growing of peaches, pears, the best parasites are also sure to and quinces, the more hardy fruits, multiply rapidly. plums, apples, cherries and grapes Owing to this it is necessary to can be grown just as successfully in spray for Codling Moth, San Jose Eastern Ontario. As the writer is a Scale, and Oyster Shell Scale more resident of the St. Lawrence Valley, frequently in Western Ontario. The the subject will be discussed from Easterner only needs to use the dor¬ the standpoint of a grower from mant spray every third year, while that vicinity, especially the Counties his less fortunate Western competi¬ of Grenville and Dundas. tor must spray every spring to in¬ sure healthy trees and a clean crop. Advantages of Fruit Growing in The dormant spray is very strong, Eastern Ontario and is applied very early in the sea¬ The St. Lawrence Valley has many son before growth starts. natural advantages as a fruit grow¬ The quality of fruit must be con¬ ing district. One of the chief facts sidered; a cold climate makes the is the proximity to the Montreal trees hardier and they produce the market. Apples always sell for a very best quality of fruit. higher price in Montreal than they The McIntosh Red, considered by do in Toronto. While the Toronto many as “the apple of apples,'’ ori¬ market is usually flooded with ap¬ ginated at Dundale, in Dundas ples from British Columbia, as well County. The fact that the original as from all parts of Western On¬ tree is still standing and bearing tario, the Montreal market is free of fruit, proves conclusively that the British Columbia apples. Needless to life of this apple trees is not im¬ say this results in higher prices in paired by the long, cold winters of Montreal. Toronto seems to be the the lower end of the Province. maximum distance that the British Another chief factor is the price Columbia apples can be shipped to of land which is decidedly in favour compete with the home grower. of Eastern Ontario. The fruit farms Another advantage is that the of the Niagara District sell for about apple grower of the East does not one thousand dollars per acre, which have to wage such a continued war¬ means the investment of a large fare against insect pests, as his fel¬ amount of capital, and in the case low grower from farther West. of a poor crop, a great loss of money. Climatic conditions have a great In comparison to this, the choice deal to do with this as the summer farms of Grenville and Dundas Coun- THE O. A. C. REVIEW 481

ties sell for about one hundred dol¬ entire young orchard may be kill¬ lars per acre. Generally speaking a ed. man can get one hundred acres in Naturally the effect is very bad the East for the price of ten acres on the young grower, just like in the West; he can set out ten acres throwing a wet blanket on a fire. of orchard and still have ninety He immediately loses heart and gives acres left. As the land is fitted for up fruit growing as a bad job. almost any type of mixed farming Northern Spies should only be he can keep a herd of dairy cattle, grown to a very limited extent for which will be a paying sideline. By personal not commercial use, as they following this method he is not are not hardy enough to stand the carrying “all his eggs in one bask¬ severe winters. et.” In case of a failure of the ap¬ The following three varieties are ple crop the sideline will still pay the hardiest, and most in demand on interest on the capital invested. the market. The writer would sug¬ gest planting them in the following Disadvantages of Fruit Growing in proportions: McIntosh Red, 50 per Eastern Ontario cent; Fameuse, 25 per cent; Wealthy I have outlined above the advan¬ 25 per cent. tages in this part, therefore I will I will now give a brief outline of endeavour to point out the disadvan¬ the best method of preparing an tages of Eastern Ontario, and wher¬ orchard, especially a young one for ever possible suggest a means of winer. An orchard should not be overcoming them. kept in sod, but should be cultivated One of the greatest difficulties is practically all summer. About Aug¬ the shorter growing season and the ust the fifteenth a cover-crop of long hard winter with heavy frosts. either sweet clover or rye should be Owing to this the fruit will not color sown. The idea of sowing at this as well, therefore, I would suggest time is to take the available plant a closer pruning of the branches to food away from the young tree. allow more sunlight to get at the Deprived of the food, it naturally fruit. Then there is the question of prepares for a time of adverse con¬ the suitable varieties to choose for ditions by maturing. The sap flows planting. Many an enthusiastic from the branches and limbs to the young fruit grower has made the sad roots. Thus when winter sets in, it mistake of setting out a whole orch¬ is able to withstand the cold blasts ard of Northern Spies. They may and heavy frosts. grow, and thrive for six or seven The cover crop should be plough¬ years, in fact they may do so well ed down about the middle of May, that he will decide to feed them more thus furnishing the tree with plenty heavily by applying a little more fer¬ of plant food for the growing sea¬ tilizer or ploughing down a clover son; it is also much cheaper than crop late in the season. As a re¬ commercial fertilizers. sult when winter sets in suddenly Plum and cherry trees are some¬ the young tree will still be filled what hardier and are able to with¬ with sap, and not matured or hard¬ stand the winter without the aid of ened up and fifty per cent, of the any special cultural methods. Grap- 482 THE 0. A. C. REVIEW es can also be successfully grown, es of proximity to the Montreal mar¬ but they require considerable care ket, and the price of land more than and attention, as they have to be counterbalance the minor disadvan¬ taken down off the frame each aut¬ tages. umn, and covered, in order to pass The future of the fruit grower in the winter without injury. Eastern Ontario is indeed a bright In conclusion the huge advantag¬ one.

“I shall have to take the wreath “Why do they have a rail only on away with me. I have to attend one side of the bridge. Do they another funeral this afternoon.” think a fellow only gets drunk on one side?” —Lustige Blaetter, Berlin. —Dorfbarbier, Berlin.

“Not only did the chauffeur nearly run over me but he also treated me as an imbecile!” “Ah, I see my wife has been out with the car.” “Ah, he knew you?” Journal Amusant, Paris. Sondagsnisse-Strix, Stockholm. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 483

Chemistry in the Home By L. Elmo Gilmore.

“Give us the. luxuries of life And we will dispense with the necessaries A

Although parents generally regard production has become standardized “Ice Cream" as a luxury, it is, never¬ and highly developed. Special machin¬ theless, now, indisputably looked upon ery has been perfected for its manu¬ as a food which forms a part of the facture so that, “ice cream can be daily ration. Many children are made land is made in the home on the taught, that “Ice Cream’7 is a delicacy farm” just as easily as in the con¬ to be indulged in only at parties or at fectionery shops, and large dairies of festivals, or in holiday season midst towns and cities. Ice cream in the the seething heat of the summer broad sense usually includes such pro¬ months. True enough, it is a delicacy ducts as custards, sherberts and ices, and a food at the same time, for it is but should not be confused with them a product made entirely from whole¬ because they are entirely different pro¬ some foods into a tasty frozen “rel¬ ducts. ish”. Some children, however, under Ice Cream, Sherbets and Ices. the ages of 5 and 6 years, are well ad¬ vised to avoid such foods as frozen A brief general discussion will show ices, because of delicate health, and in us the difference between these pro¬ >..ch casts, the frigid temperature of ducts : the food is at fault, but even then, it 1. Ice Cream— may be safely recommended to young If the dictionary is taken as author children if eaten late in the afternoon. ity, — according to Webster, — “Ice To-day, ice cream is commonly serv¬ cream is milk or cream sweetened, flav¬ er in the dining room of oi r homes, oured, and congealed by a freezing of the hotels, in restaurants and cafes, mixture. Sometimes, instead of cream, and indeed, everyone will agree it the materials of a custard are used." makes a delicious dessert on the menu In France and Great Britain the tend¬ of a mid-day or evening meal. Not ency has been to make frozen custards cniy is ice cream eating confined to which were termed ice cream. These a meal time, but it is a happy in¬ frozen custards are certainly not as dulgence any time during the after¬ tasty as Canadian ice cream, but in noon or evening. It is also not only spite of the fact that they are merely a summer food, but a food which is frozen custards or beverages in many in demand all the year round as a cases, they are, nevertheless, important “refreshment”, despite the “falling substitutes for ice cream. In some off' ’ during the frigid temperature states in the U. S. A., it is alleged, the of the winter season. ice cream standards of the Association Large manufacturing concerns, of the official Agricultural Chemists eevoting themselves solely to the mak¬ have been adopted and the result is a ing of ice cream are the direct out- fairly concentrated' food-product which c(mes of the demand for this frozen is rich and delicious. The official food, and, moreover, the process of its chemists definition is given: “Ice cream 4m THE O. A. C. REVIEW is a frozen product made from cream berries and cherries, etc., or nuts of and sugar with or without natural almonds, walnuts, etc., are all famil¬ flavoring and contains not less than iar flavorings and can be used as de¬ 14 per cent, of milk-fat.” Some simple sired. recipes for household use are given 1. Vanilla Ice Cream—To make a below: gallon freezer full. 21-2 quarts of 2. Sherbets—• cream, 18 ounces of granulated sugar, There are water and milk sherbets. 3 eggs well beaten and one table spoon¬ These are essentially made from water ful of vanilla extract. Freeze until ■or milk, sugar, egg albumen and a stiff. stabilizer such as gelatine, and flavor¬ 2. Strawberry Ice Cream—Wash 1 ed with fruit juices or other natural quart of strawberries, cover with sugar flavorings. The addition of a stabiliz¬ and let stand until the sugar is dis¬ er prevents the formation of ice cry¬ solved, then pass through a fine cloth. stals. Punches -are simply water sher¬ One tablespoonful of this strawberry bets which are more highly flavored extract added and well worked or by the addition of liquors or fruit “whipped” into a gallon of vanilla ice¬ juices and spicecs. Some simple re¬ cream-mix will give a well flavored cipes for household use are given be¬ strawberry ice cream when frozen stiff. low : Well ground up nuts may be added to the vanilla mix. Certain nuts, like 3. Ices— almonds, when pounded to a paste, con¬ Ices resemble sherbets except that tain sufficient flavoring in themselves they do not contain eggs or a stabiliz¬ and can be stirred into the ice cream er and are simply made from water, mix. In some cases, after the ice cream sugar and some natural flavoring. has been frozen hard, some people let Frappes are included under this group the frozen product stand for a while and are only semi-frozen to a “slush". to ripen. Gelatine is a good stabilizer and may be added to prevent ice cry¬ Some Simple Household Recipes. stals forming and to a give a smooth Ice Cream— taste to the ice cream. On the farm it is not always con¬ venient to buy ice cream in the finish¬ Sherbets. ed state but the essential raw con¬ A common ice-cream freezer can stituents are always at hand or easily here be employed to advantage and for obtainable. The first essential is the those who are prejudiced against in¬ apparatus itself, called, the ice cream dulging in home brews, wines and 4.4, freezer which can be readily purchased sherbets and ices will be found to make in town or city. The freezers come in a pleasant substitute. various sizes, quart, half gallon and Currant Sherbet—To make 3 pints. gallon, etc. Any small house or part Use 1 pint of red currant juice, 1 pound of a barn can be used as an ice-house of sugar, juice of 3 lemons, 1 pint of for storing enough ice for the season. boiling water. Dissolve sugar in boil¬ Coarse salt is used along with the ice ing water; when cold, add currant to freeze the ice cream mixture. Such juice and freeze. plain flavors as, vanilla, chocolate and 2. Lemon Sherbet — To make 1 maple or fresh or canned fruits, straw¬ quart. One cup of sugar, 1 pint of THE O. A. C. REVIEW 485 milk, 1 lemon. Partly freeze the mik um and fat, the fat being distributed and sugar; then add the strained juice throughout the serum, in the form of of the lemon and freeze stiff. A little minute globules, visible only through cream will improve it. a microscope. The serum consists of 3. Green Grape Sherbet-—To make milk sugar, called lactose, mineral 1 gallon. Strain 1 quart of grapes salts and proteids of chiefly casein. through a cloth; sweeten to taste. If Granulated sugar is a chemical com¬ too acid add from a pint to a pint and pound known as sucrose. Flavoring a half of water. Beat the white of extracts are either manufactured from 4 eggs, and put the mixture into the certain chemicals or extracted by chem¬ freezer and turn slowly until frozen. ical processes from the fruits of var¬ This will give a beautiful white pro¬ ious plants. duct which is said to be highly digest¬ It is therefore readily seen that the ible. essential ingredients of good ice cream Ices—or Ice Cold Drinks. consist of chemicals or chemical mix¬ tures commonly known as: 1. Currant Ice—To make 5 pints. Air—Oxygen and Nitrogen Use 3 pints of ripe currants, 1 pint of Milk Containing—Water. red respberries and one half pint of —Milk Fat. water. Simmer for a few minutes, —Proteins. strain through a hair sieve or cotton —Mineral Salts. cloth, add another half pint- of water —Milk Sugar (Lac¬ and 12 ounces of sugar, and it is ready tose) for freezing. Sugar—Sucrose. 2. Cherry Ice—To make over 2 Stabilizer—Gelatine. quarts. Use 21-2 quarts pf cherry Flavoring—Vanilla, Strawberry, etc. juice and the juice of 2 lemons. Add a If we examine Sherbets and Ices, the few drops of almond flavoring. Sweet¬ chemical make-ups are found to be en to taste and freeze. somewhat similar to ice cream, but the Chemical Make-up. proportion of the constituents are dif¬ Chemically speaking, what are these ferent. This property, that different food-products--Ice Cream, Sherbets and products possess, of consisting of the Ices? Consider Ice Cream first. Milk same constituents which are present the basic raw material for ice cream in different proportions is typically and all other dairy products is gener¬ characteristic of chemical compounds ally considered as an emulsion of ser¬ and chemical products. 486 THE O. A. C. REVIEW Eluding Bandits in Mongolia By S. M. Gordon, B. A.

"»HE YEAR 1917 will go down in made was in connection with the Great history as one of great disaster Wall of China. and distress in China because of Soon after leaving Peking the dis¬ political disturbances culminating in the covery is made that the Great Wall was attempted restoration of the monarchy not made all at one time nor in one by General Chang Hsun, and because continuous line. Some thirty miles of great floods which caused tremend¬ north , of Peking in the vicinity of the ous loss of life and property. The at¬ Ming Tombs the first sectors are dis¬ tempt to restore the rule of the Ch’ing covered in short spurs. Several more Dynasty by putting the deposed “Boy” sections are passed as the train mounts Emperor back on the throne, was ac¬ to the summit of a mountain range un¬ companied by revolts in several pro¬ til a stop is made near the point where vinces, and Mongolia, where control by the railway pierces the wall. Many of the Republic had never been received the pictures found in magazines treat¬ with complete accord. ing this subject are taken in this vic¬ Mongolia is approached from the inity where the top of the wall is about south at Kalgan, one hundred miles twenty feet wide, and the facing is from Peking, where the chief trade be¬ made of large chiseled blocks of stone. tween Mongolia and China is carried on. When Kalgan is reached an older and This city is reached by rail. A tele¬ lower part of the Great Wall is found, graph line extends about 1,000 miles and the pass to Mongolia is guarded north from Kalgan to Urga, a city of at a narrow gorge by a massive gate tragedies, the most northern of Mon- where the old wall becomes a protec¬ golio’s trading marts. Several high¬ tion for the city. Twenty miles journey ways traverse the mountainous grass from this gate by a tortuous, rocky lands and the Gobi which occupy the road in the river bed a still older wall great territory between these two points, is found where huge towers built on a but the chief 'jroad follows the tele¬ barren summit stand out as sentinels of graph line. For several years auto¬ the past. More ruin exists here than mobiles have been operated for pas¬ at the other walls where the effective sengers over these roads, reducing the masonry has withstood wind, rain, snow time of the journey from a month to and frost for more than two thousand four or five days. However, prior to years. The next stage of the journey 1918, very few automobiles had made is through what is known as the Chin¬ the trij), and it was customary for trav¬ ese settlement, an area which is grad¬ ellers to go by camel caravan, mule ually being occupied by farmers much cart, horseback, or on foot. Practically to the dismay of the Mongols who have all merchandise is transferred either lost some very valuable grazing lands by camels or freight cars which are because of this colonization on wind operated in groups. When the writer swept land. History has recorded facts made his first trip into Southern Mon- about the walls mentioned heretofore, golio the Urga road was followed to a but we cannot get much information point two hundred miles from Kalgan, about three earth walls, the remains of and one of the interesting studies then which are in Mongolia proper. These THE O. A. C. REVIEW 487 are found more or less parallel at dis¬ quire new pasture. In the winter the tances fifty to sixty miles apart, travers¬ tents are so located as to gain some de¬ ing east and west, the great plateau of gree of shelter from surrounding hills, Southern Mongolia. As seen now they at a point where a well is easily dug,, present the appearance of well built and where tall grasses are abundant railway beds which have been deserted enough to tide the live stock over until, until covered by grasses and small early summer. Surplus stock is dis¬ bushes. posed of in the autumn, and the breed¬ Early in July, 1917, in search oi. a ing animals that survive the winter’s ex¬ cool place where some time might be posure without shelter present a sorry spent in the saddle as an antidote for picture when spring comes. study I joined a party with the inten¬ But the views of the plateau in mid¬ tion of spendmg several weeks at a summer are magnificent, where chang¬ Swedish Mission station founded by Mr. ing colors of grass and flowers are and Mrs. F. A. Larson, abouf one dotted here and there by contended hundred miles north of Kalgan. Mr. herds which have begun to fatten. Oc¬ Larson had been advisor to the Chinese casionally a fox is to be seen in rugged Government at the beginning of the hills, and the song of the Mongolian Republic. He had previously been a lark is ever present, while, not in¬ missionary to the Mongols, and when frequently, herds of beautiful antelope the region where I had chosen to snend are discovered in secluded meadows. the summer was harrassed bv bandits, The natives are always interesting with the presence of Mrs. Larson and (die their free and easy manners. The stal¬ good name of her husband afforded us wart men walk with queer gait when complete protection. they leave the saddle, their garments Our camp for the summer had hardly are often made of the most striking been made when Chang Hsun made colors, and their hats of yellow or red, his attempt at restoring the monarchy. are a marvel. Silver ornaments and This brought complete chaos in Mon¬ head dress are worn by every married golia because one Mongolian prince who woman as these are her dowry and had been virtually a prisoner in Kalgan wealth. Long garments are worn by for more than a year, although he had both sexes, but the children often depart done much to pacify his people, manag¬ from convention when the sun is warm, ed to escape and immediately stirred and proceed to acquire a coat of tan. up his kinsmen to revolt. He persuaded Before the end of July our party was both the Mongolian and Chinese sold¬ joined by others from Peking, and we iers stationed at garrisons in his pro¬ learned then for the first time of the vince to join the rebellion, and these state of revolution that surrounded us, unitedly proceeded to torture and rob as our friends had found it necessary the unprotected inhabitants. to keep their hunting guns in evidence The Mongolians are essentially a along the way as a means of safety. It nomad race, dwelling in round tents, soon developed that neither Chinese nor so constructed as to provide good Mongol would take a message to Kalgan shelter against very severe weather for us, because none dared to run the conditions, yet easily taken down and risks involved. Stories came to us of moved when the flocks of sheep and people whose tents had been robbed, goats, or herds of horses and cattle re¬ and whose flocks had been decimated 488 THE O. A. C. REVIEW by the feastings of marauding soldiers! and I assured those leaving for Peking We were informed that two hundred that I would return with some message such miscreants were encamped at a before they should start. Fortunately temple twenty miles to the west. Then we had very choice horses, and I had we were warned not to ride out of been riding mine daily for nearly a sight of the camp because five banditti month, so that we understood each had separated from their fellows, and other well. with the aid of their rifles, were terror¬ After trotting along for about three izing the district north of us. hours we came upon a most unusual When August came we were ex¬ sight. A large blue tent, such as is pecting the early arrival of Mr. Larson generally used by Chinese carters, was and some American army officers who surrounded by thirty carts, and not desired to experience the joys of hunt¬ one horse or mule was to be seen. We ing antelope. But we knew that these stopped and were informed by the friends were depending upon us to send drivers that every animal had been them riding horses, and this had proven stolen, and that one carter who had an impossibility. To complicate mat¬ tried to escape had been shot dead, and ters, one of Mr. Larson’s herdsmen that the bandits had carried away what¬ was about due to arrive from Urga ever they fancied from a few carts with several hundred very choice horses, that were laden with the belongings of a and Mrs. Larson feared that these merchant in Urga. One man had left might be stolen. Our Peking friends on foot to carry this news to Kalgan deemed it necessary to begin the return as most of the carts were loaded with journey to Kalgan by August seventh, cases of kerosene oil, and the caravan belonged to the Standard Oil Company.' since thevJ were at considerable ex- pense because their carters, who had We soon continued our journey until brought them, were afraid to return necessary to leave the roa.l and go to alone, and must be paid for each day some Mongol tents just as dusk was while in their employ. coming on. The Mongols are a most Finally I volunteered to go with a hospitable people, and we were provided Mongol guide who spoke some Chinese, with hot water for tea, and were urged to the nearest telegraph station, one to partake of some of their milk. It hundred miles to the north of us, -to may have been from cows, goats or stop the horses from coming among sheep, or even from mares, or it may the bandits, and to telegraph to Mr. Lar¬ have been a combination of all four son. .When a Swedish missionary to varieties, since all are used indiscrimin¬ the Mongols, Mr. J. Johannson, who ately by the Mongols both for drinking lived three miles away, heard of my with tea and for making cheese. For decision, he readily agreed to join me, politeness sake I took several swallows and I shall ever be thankful for his com¬ of the liquid proferred, but inwardly I pany during the next four days. A vowed, “never again.” Mongol priest from the north attached When our meal was concluded we himself to our party as a second guide, rode out into the night with hopes of so we numbered four with a mount being able to pass, under the cover of each and an additional pack horse, darkness, the district where the five carrying provisions and blankets. We banditti had last been seen. We had left our friends at 1 p.m., August third, learned that one of the outlaws had THE O. A. C. REVIEW 489

lost his gun when his horse went down friends of Mr. Larson. A fire of while he was crossing a stream, and we ‘‘buffalo chips” was kindled beneath also learned that a number of local men the cauldron in the centre of the tent, had been pressed into service to lead and the smoke passed out through an stolen horses. For an hour or more we opening made in the middle of the roof rode slowly across a plain which was by rolling back a strip of the felt cov¬ very much cut up by erosion, until a ering. We found an old man and a river was forded and we began to go boy sleeping opposite the door near the uphill. Near this place we heard the altar that houses the family gods. They bark of a small Chinese dog, and judg¬ were getting all the protection they ed that some Chinese must have camp¬ could while the women were required ed there. At the top of the mountain to face any dangers that might arise. we heard the creaking sounds of an Our guides were given the most honor¬ approaching cart and in time passed a ed position on the rug at the right of team of oxen hauling the tent and ef¬ the door, and Mr. Johannson and my¬ fects of some Mongol. We pressed on self were assigned the space at the left with the prospects of reaching two of the door. No chairs or stools are tents near the roadside by ten o’clock, used in these tents, but a little benchlike but great was our disappointment when table was provided on which to place we reached that objective to find one food and drink. Each Mongol carries tent gone and the other deserted. Later his own bowl in a breast pocket when we learned that the bandits had feasted travelling, and this is licked clean after there earlier in the evening, and with¬ each meal, and safely replaced in the out a doubt we had passed the owner pocket along with chopsticks. of the place with his ox team as he fled When through eating we were told after being fleeced. Finding it impos¬ to spread out our blankets and rest in sible to spend the night there, we rode the place alloted. We did so, and the on until after mid-night when a branch women guarded the door until early road was taken by which we reached a morning when they were the first to group of six or seven tents. Huge Mon¬ stir about. We found our bed as com¬ golian dogs had come out to meet us, fortable as could be expected on the and they barked continuously Until we ground of this tent, which was probab¬ halted beside the central tent where ly fourteen feet in diameter, and about they were silenced by two women who nine feet in height at the centre of its responded to the call of our priest guide. conical roof. By 7:30 in the morning Leaving our whips at the entrance of we were on our way again, after giving the door as is the custom in the land, we the little boy a small silver coin and were admitted to the tent and our saddles leaving behind a coveted empty jam tin. and other belongings were brought in¬ The day was delightful, we found side. No offer had been made to pro¬ our way deserted except for a few vide a light, so we hunted up one of shepherds who were anxious to learn our candles and lighted it. Afterwards the whereabouts of the bandits, and we we were told that the women had wondered about the correct answer to thought that we must be bandits, but that question. In the early afternoon that when they saw the faces of. white we made a detour to some tents hidden men they had concluded that we had away from the road, and after a meal told the truth when claiming to be and a good rest continued our journey, 490 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

reaching the telegraph station quite is not customary for the horses to be early. Two youthful Chinese operators bunched around tents at night during were in charge of the office, and they the summer. offered us accomodations for the night. After a restful night spent in a tent Communicating with the next station, by ourselves in another village, we were two hundred miles to the north, they as¬ ready at seven o’clock to continue the certained that Mr. Larson’s herdsmen journey with ninety miles to go. By had only recently passed that point so 11:30 a.m., without seeing more than could not be expected to reach us for one shepherd, we brought up at the several days, as they were making short tents where we had lodged the first stages. We telegraphed Mr. Larson, night out, and were amazed to find that and the next morning got a reply that no one wanted us to stop there even for he and« six men were leaving Kalgan the a drink. It developed that the bandits following morning. had been seen only a few miles away, As the Mongolian horses depend en¬ and our former hosts were apprehensive tirely upon grasses for their sustenance lest our horses be stolen. But we need¬ we considered it wise to graze our ed a drink and lunch, our horses re¬ mounts the greater part of that day, so quired rest, and we knew that we would did not begin the return journey until not find another tent for several hours, so prevailed upon our friends to allow about 5 p.m. We hoped to reach some tents before dark, but failed in this, and us to take the risk of capture while hardly knew which way to turn as our they provided water and a place to eat. priest had gone to his destination, and At one o'clock we gave away a few our remaining guide knew no more of more empty tins, and went out to our this territory than we did. Finally we horses which had been tethered at the passed a couple of horsemen who were rear of the tent. As we did so we saw going to a well to water horses. They a rider leading four horses, emerge told us to keep ahead on the trail, but from behind a hill not more than three this was very poorly defined, and in hundred yards away. He was followed time we found it necessary to await the by another rider similarly employed, and return of these men. They soon over¬ in quick succession, seven such horse¬ took us, but proved most non-commun- men appeared, two of whom were arm¬ icative. Finally, we found ourselves in ed. We knew then that this was half the midst of closely crowded herds and of the bandit group, but who could flocks, and growing suspicious, we took tell where the others were located? In a turn to one side before approaching haste, we tightened the girths of our the tents. We found the head man of saddles, and quietly mounted our horses. that village after a while, and from him With our guide and pack horse in the received the quieting information that lead, we started away from the bandits 1‘iese herds had been accumulated by while they went down to a ravine to visitors from the west who guard the tether their animals. We let our tomb and grounds of Ghingis Khan, horses walk, and watched one of the and who annually solicit contributions armed robbers approach the tent that in kind from their countrymen. This we had just left. Then we put our brought us great relief because we had steeds to a trot which we maintained feared that our ride had taken us right for two hours until we reached the into the camp of the bandits, since it hilltop where we had previously met THE O. A. C. REVIEW 491 fhe ox-cart. At the foot of the hill was Our horses were showing signs of the stream near which the Chinese fatigue, but the endurance of these ani¬ travellers had camped. On the south mals is wonderful, and after taking side of the river was a deserted hut, counsel without stopping, we decided and I was told as we proceeded, that to do our best to elude our pursuers by a few years before at this point were keeping to the road. We resumed oir- captured and killed by bandits an Eng¬ trotting gait again, and with a start of lish telegraph inspector and several perhaps a mile and a half, succeeded in Chinese from the station that we had getting out of the sight of our enemies just visited. as a turn in the road soon put a hill This information had hardly been between them and ourselves. At six received when I discovered at a little o’clock we reached friendly tents and distance from the road the ghastly stopped for supper. After an hour’s corpse of a Chinese business man, and rest we concluded that it would be bet¬ it was evident that his death had oc¬ ter to ride the last twenty miles that curred quite recently by violence. We night, so that our horses could be set watered our horses at the stream, and free on familiar grazing grounds, even then, with abated breath, filed past the though we must travel at a walk much cabin which had been the rendezvous of the time. By midnight we had con¬ of bandits when the Englishman lost cluded the journey, and received the his life. Having passed this point in congratulations of our friends who had safety we happened to look back, when anxiously awaited our return. who should appear, riding pell mell The next evening Mr. Larson and his down the mountain slope, but the group friends arrived with the announcement of seven that had let us get away two that they had come to rescue us. The hours earlier. They had evidently tak¬ attempt to restore the monarchy had en a short cut with the intention of failed, and Chinese soldiers loyal to the catching us at the ford, for they were Republic soon came to restore order not on the road. in Mongolia.

Her Home is on the Deep 492 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

H. H. HAN NAM, ’26, Editor-in-Chief. L. 0. YOUNG, ’27, Associate Editor. H. A. KNOX, ’26, Live Stock. T. H. JAMES, ’27, College Life. J E. WHITMORE, ’26, Agronomy. D. A. ANDREW, ’27, Alumni. W. C. FISHER, ’26, Horticulture. E. C. BECK, ’28, Alumni. W. A. GARLAND, ’28, Poultry. E. G. WRIGHT, ’28, Athletics. C. G. L. REID, ’26, Dairy. G. S. WALLEY, '26, Apiculture. A. A. KINGSCOTE, O.V.C., Art. G. MACKINNEY, ’26, Science. R. W. THOMPSON, ’27, Locals. MTSS K. SCOTT, Mac. Rep. MISS D. SHORT, Jr. Rep.

Science and Practice Science and practice should go hand try Agriculture. Testing milk for fat in hand. The one should supplement the per centage, treating of grain and in¬ other. Science is urged ahead to higher oculation of c.over seed is not as widely development by the demands of art or practised as it might be. practise and art is perfected by the The London Spectator commenting advance of the science. on this condition sets, as an example, The.closer relation between the two that of wholemeal bread. It says: then will tend toward the betterment “A glaring instance is before us to¬ of both. If knowledge gained through day. Over ten years ago scientists dis- ■science cannot be applied then we get covered that wholemeal bread was much nowhere. Equally true is the fact superior to the ordinary white bread. that, if practise does not make use of They found we had invented costly and the knowledge gained through science, intricate milling machinery, a marvel then no advancement can be made of engineering skill, which had for its Yet how often is practise lagging behind : nose the removal of the husk and for no other reason than the natural “germ” from the grain of wheat during apathy of man toward a new idea. the process of grinding into flour. This is not so noticeable in practical With the aid of these truly wonderful sciences, as it is in natural science. We machines the miller was able to produce find many examples of it in our indus¬ the present dead-white bread with THE O. A. C. REVIEW 4-93

which we are familiar, ancl contemptu¬ fore we are delighted to see the present ously to throw away the rest of the ducational campaign for changing the grain as “offal/’ This was the triumph demand from white bread into whole¬ of engineers; hut then along came the meal bread. This, of course, is the chemists and the biologists with their only way in the long run to change t.ie discovery that this despised “offal" attitude of millers and retail bakers, contained not only valuable nutritive but they themselves can immensely help properties, but also some mysterious in this great- piece of national work by substance essential to the health of man, encouraging instead of discouraging which they called a vitamin. the new demand. They can supply These scientists suppose that having wholemeal or “germ” bread as soon as made this discovery, o.ur milling mach¬ it is asked for.” inery would be duly modified, and we Possibly one of the greatest difficul¬ hould take to eating wholemeal or ties met with in Agriculture is that of “germ bread” forthwith. But, as we passing on the information from centres all know, nothing, of the sort happened. of science to the practical man who So every day thousands of tons of needs it most. Yet nothing seems to grain are, by a triumph of engineering be left undone to reach those people. skill, milled in such a manner that the We have our County Representatives, essential vitamin is carefully separated our bulletins and reports and extension from the rest and thrown away. In work. Then too there is the Agricul¬ hundreds of thousands of families up tural Press and annual shows and ex¬ and down the country the tired worker hibitions. What more can be done? when he comes home does not get the What shall be the future policy of life-giving food he needs; the wife and leaders in Agriculture? That is the lother has to bear the double strain problem facing all young men and upon her without its aid; and the child women to-day who take up Agriculture st go unvitalized to school. There¬ as their life work.

Hobbi es to Rest Tired Nerves

A friend who was on the verge of a “There are a great many people who serious nervous breakdown went to a seem to think that we doctors are never great specialist to seek advice. The ill,” he said. “They think that be¬ very first question the doctor asked cause we may be able to prescribe for him was, “What hobbies have vou?” their ailments—real or imaginary—we My friend looked rather dumbfound¬ must, of necessity, keep to the health ed. Then he explained that he was a rules we may be obliged to lay down for busy man and that apart from an occas¬ them. ” ional round of golf he had no time for He smiled. “There never was a big¬ hobbies. ger fallac}7,” he continued. “We do “Then we can put our finger on the get very run down—and very often real cause of your ‘nerves’,” said the the physician can not heal himself. specialist. He saw, I suppose, that Two years ago I was faced with the my friend was inclined to be sceptical, self-same trouble that has sent you to so he indulged in a little personal me. Do you know how I cured myself reminiscence. of ‘nerves’? Well. I’ll tell you. I 494 THE O. A. C. REVIEW learned to knit—and in three months' niture—and very excellent work he A time I was a different man!” turning out! My friend stared at him in speech¬ “One reason why the craze for cross¬ less amazement. word puzzles has spread so rapidly is “One of my patients—a man who is because brain and other workers find the head of a great legal firm—who in the problems an outlet for nerves.’ was also faced with a nervous break¬ That may sound curious—but it is down. simply because, like yourself, nevertheless true. The forced concen¬ he put business first and foremost and tration makes them forget their busi¬ never gave a thought to anything else, ness and other cares. took my advice. He looked round un¬ til he found a hobby that appealed to “My advice to ‘jumpy’ folk is this—• him. He was a different man in six find a hobby that appeals to you—and months. work at it. _ In that lies salvation and “Do you know what he does in his a sound mind in a sound body.”—Rich¬ leisure moments now? He makes fur¬ ard Worth, in Washington Post.

A Thousand Years from Now

“There are,’’” says the editor of My (railways, newspapers, telephones, Magazine (England), “three things the motor-cars) may all have gone.” But in one respect there will be no last generation would have laughed at. change. “The hearts of men,” the It would have laughed at the thought writer goes on, “will beat in a thousand of a man riding behind great engines years as thev beat now.* Men will in the clouds. It would have laughed thrill with deep emotion at the thought at the thought of a word spoken in a of something noblv done, their eves room in London being heard through will fill with tears at the thought of space in a room in Australia. It somebody’s pain. The sight of a little child, the scent of a red rose, the would have laughed at the thought of babbling of a winding brook over shiny a motor-car running through our streets pebbles, will have the power to move and lanes, beating railwavs. men then as now. Sunrise and sunset, “And if a generation can do so much. and the moop on the hills, will be the what will a thousand years do? Only same. The nightingale will still be imagination can conceive it. We may singing when the years have rolled be almost sure that there is hardlv a away. The stars of midnight will still %■ mechanical thing that will remain as be dear to men. will still look down on it is for a hundred centuries. The a silent world where a man can be alone familiar dailv wonders of our lives with God.”

Happiness is rarely absent; it is we who know not of its presence. —Maurice Maeterlinck.

A proof that experience is of no use, is that the end of one love does not prevent us from 'beginning another. —Paul Bourget. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 495

The Rural Leaders’ School

The Rural Leaders are with us undesirable attitude has been assum¬ again. In spite of the fact that the ed at times during the past ten years official name of their meeting has the Rural Leaders School has been now become the Annual Conference in existence. This has doubtless on Rural Community Work, the been due to misunderstanding as Rural Leaders Summer School seems most friction is. Both schools can the best way to describe them and learn much that is good from each their sessions. other, and the good fellowship and They have come from a more sympathy which seem to be grow¬ widely scattered area than ever. ing up are most enjoyable. The Some are from the shores of Lake opening address of the session was Erie, and the Niagara Valley, others given by President Reynolds on from Thessalon or Blind River, near Monday evening, July 20th. It was Sault Ste. Marie. The registration a very fearless criticism of certain is approaching one hundred, about phases of thought which exist, or 75 per cent, as usual being clergy¬ which are thought to exist, among men from rural parishes. There is teachers of religion. That attitude is a larger proportion than usual who that religion and science are oppos¬ have brought their wives with them. ed to each other. He accused teach¬ This is no doubt due to the improv¬ ers of religion for neglecting the ed accommodation provided during higher and more essential features the past two years under the direc¬ of their teaching, and unduly con¬ tion of President Reynolds. cerning themselves with secondary The Rural Leaders tell us of the matters. At the same time he was satisfaction they feel at the improv¬ frank enough to say that this was ed relations existing between their only his personal opinion, and might School and the Summer Course stud¬ be all wrong! Some of the clergy ents now in session. There has been would like to have a discussion with a good deal of friction and a very him on some of the points raised.

Teachers Summer Course at O.A.C.

On July 6th the O.A.C. witnessed hanging on their hands, until the the arrival of prospective students dining-room doors should open for from near and far. Those who ar¬ admittance to the mid-day meal. rived on the early trains found time We met familiar faces and became 496 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

familiar with our surroundings, An outstanding event was Field which proved to be a “wierd and Day, July 16th. Of the many games, wonderful plant” indeed. “Captain Ball” was the favourite Dr. Dandeno addressed a mass with the majority. There was a tie meeting of the teachers in Massey between two teams for first place. Hall. In a few words he gave us This was broken by a “Jumping an insight of what was expected of Contest.” The winning team was us during the course. At the con¬ awarded a generous prize. clusion of his address, class officers The events of the day were brought were appointed to carry on the work to an interesting closing by a game in the interest of the various classes. of Volleyball between the “married We next found ourselves as stud¬ and single men.” As you’d expect, ents once again, taking notes from this game was won by the married a lecturer who seemed “never to run men. There naturally was a crowd down” or “need a needle changed.” of spectators, who were doubly in¬ Indeed many moments were spent in terested—in the first place the game wandering about the campus between was very interesting—the second lectures, with a two-fold purpose— reason was ? ? ? firstly, that of getting acquainted, A social hour of community sing¬ and secondly, hunting for the next ing and games was spent in the even¬ class room. Occasionally we struck ing. a lecture in which our vocabulary The course promises to be most was increased by “words of learned beneficial from both an intellectual length and thundering sound.” and social standpoint. We are given in it, a glimpse of the importance The Executive Committee met at of agriculture as the basis of pros¬ noon and the social side of our course perity, not only for Ontario, but also was decided. The games were for our fair Dominion. brought into progress the same This will help us to carry to our night. Thus we are receiving phy¬ rural communities some of the ap¬ sical as well as mental development. proved methods of agriculture, and We were given an Address of Wel¬ instil in the minds of the boys and come by President Reynolds. He girls a real pride in their country impressed upon us the fact that be¬ homes; also assisting them to grasp fore agriculture found its true place the spirit of the “true dignity of in the country at large, the science labour.” of agriculture must be developed. Thus we may help to build up a The events of the week were con¬ healthy social fabric which can find cluded by a dance in Macdonald Hall. its enjoyment independently of ur¬ This was quite informal and very ban attractions, which are too often much enjoyed. It served as a med¬ detrimental to the development of ium for becoming acquainted. the four-square men and women. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 497

We are presenting to onr readers a Algoma, Sault St. Marie. rather complete list of the Agricultural J. M. McIntosh “16”. Has been 6 Representatives for Ontario. We will, years in the service. His chief activ- where possible, give the class with ities have been along the line of seed which they attended college together potato production, poultry and dairy with the number of years they have improvement. been in the service. Brant, Paris. Director. Roy Schuyler “ 11 ”, “ 12 ”. 13 years R. S. Duncan, “06'’. Entered the in the service. Orchard work has service in 1909. Prior to this appoint¬ taken considerable of his time. ment five years ago he had charge of Bruce, Walkerton. the work in Durham County. C. Lamont “19”. 4y2 years in the Assistant Director. service. J. A. Carroll “14”. Has been 13 years in the service. Prior to this K. Riddell “23”. 2 years in the appointment, one year ago, he was Rep. service. in Peel County. Chief projects are Junior Farmers’ 498 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

Associations, Junior Institutes and T. S. Cooper “18”. 5 years in the Swine Improvement. service. Carleton, Carp. J. B. Nelson “24”. 1 year in the C. M. Meek “22’. 2 years in the ser¬ service. Sheep Extension, Swine Im¬ vice. Charlie has been very success- provement and Spray Service have been */ ful in training boys for stock judging. the chief projects. Last winter he coached the Provincial Ha 1 d ini and, C ayu g a. champions. C. C. Main “11”. 10 years in the Puffer in, Orangeville. service but only 1 year at Cayuga. H. A. Dorrance “11”. 14 years in Sheep Extension was the chief work the service. Harold's work has been last year during which time 13 dipping chiefly Live Stock Improvement. tanks were installed. Dun das, Morrisburg. Halton. Milton. A. E. Springstead “22"'. 2 years in R. R. Fleming “17”. 5 years in the the service. Besides being of great service. Roy has been busy with seed assistance to farmers by running op¬ associations for the handling of Alsike, position to Jews in the purchase of Alfalfa and Red Clover, demonstration hens, “Spring” is specializing in the orchards along highways and Swine improvement of the McIntosh Apple. Improvement. There are 10 boar Durham. Port Hope. clubs in this country. P. C. Paterson “15”. 6 years in Hastings, Stirling. the service. Chief projects are Spray Rav Atkin “21". 4 years in the Service, Orchard Improvement. Alfalfa service. and Live Stock work. Huron, Clinton. Eigin. St. Thomas. S. B. Stothers “16”. 7 years in the C. W. Buchanan “11'’. 13 years in service. the service. D. A. Andrew “11'’, “26'’. 4 years Essex, Essex. in the service.

Justus Miller “14”. This countv«/ boasts of the most School W. E. Senn “23”. 2 years in the Fairs of any countv in the Province. St* *». c e. Justus is strong on publicity Orchard improvement and Spray Ser¬ and thus has done much to bring the vice is also a feature. possibilities of his county to the atten¬ Kenora, Dn'den. tion of outlaying districts.. M. F. Cook “19”. 5 years in the Frontenac, Kingston. service. Certified seed potatoes. Clo¬ A. W. Sirett “13”. 11 years in the ver seed production and the improve¬ service, the last 9 of which have been ment of the Dairy Cattle are the chief spent in Frontenac. projects. Glengarry, Alexandria. Kent, Chatham. D. E. MaeRae “10”. 13 vears in the R. E. White “22”. 3 years in the %/ service. Mac is out after the Scrub service. Chief projects—Permanent Bulls and Alfalfa. organization of peninsular Winter Fair, Grenville, Kemptville. Corn Borer control and co-operative II. L. Trueman “21”. 4 years in the marketing of early potatoes. service, 1 year at Kemptville. Lambton, Petrolia. Grey, Markdale. W. P. MacDonald “16”. 9 years in THE O. A. C. REVIEW 499

the service. Apples and corn have service. Walter has made a fruit sur¬ taken a lot of Bill s time. vey of the county. Lanark, Perth. Ontario, Uxbridge. F. Forsyth “ 11 ”, 4 * 14 ’ \ 11 years in W. M. Croskery “15”. the service. Pete has a good record 'Oxford, Woodstock. in training Live Stock Judging teams. G. R. Green “12”. 11 years in the Leeds, Athens. service. E. F. Neff “15”. 9 years in the ser¬ M. W. Staples “24”. 1 year in the vice. The first 5 were spent in Nor¬ service. folk, the latter 4 in Leeds. The chief Live Stock improvement has been project has been the introducing of the chief work. No county has as hardy alfalfa. thorough or as complete a record of the Lennox and Addington, Napanee. Live Stock and 'that much good work Jas. Laughland “10”. 8 years in the is being carried on is evidenced by the service. Chief projects are cow test¬ high quality of the swine, dairy and ing and poultry culling. poultry products which the county Lincoln, St. Catharines. produces. W. S. VanEvery “16”, “17”, “22”. Peel, Brampton. 2 years in the service. Special work is J. E. Whitelock “22”. 3 years in being carried on in orchard work in co¬ the service. operation with the Dominion Labora¬ G. R. Paterson “24”. 1 year in the tories. service. Manitoulin, Gore Bay. The Peel County Alfalfa Growers' R. E. Cumming “15”. 10 years in Association is the chief project of this the service.. The former 6 years were office. spent in Rainy River, the latter 4 in Perth, Stratford. Gore Bay. The chief projects are: M. C. MePhail “21”. years in the Silo building, alfalfa growing, sheep service. Junior work has been the extension and building of dipping feature of Mac’s, programme. tanks, organization of Turkey Raisers' Peterborough, Norwood. Association and co-operative shipment F. C. McRae “12”. 13 years in the of live turkeys. service. Middlesex, London. Prescott and Russel, Plantagenet. R. A. Finn “15”. 10 years in the F. Larose. 7 years in the service. service. Chief projects are cow testing and red J. F. Andrew “16”, “18”, “23”. 2 clover seed production. Four of the years in the service. 13 Demonstration Farms are in this Live Stock Improvement is the chief district. Next year 2500 cows will be project in this county. under test. Muskoka and Parry Sound, Huntsville. Prince Edward, Picton. R. M. Tipper “12”. 14 years in the A. P. MacVannel “06”. 17 years in service, the greater part of which were the service. put in in Ontario 'County. Rainy River, Emo. Norfolk, Simcoe. J. A. Garner “23”. 1 year in the G. G. Bramhill “13”. service. Special projects are cow test¬ Northumiberland, Brighton. ing, sheep and alfalfa. W. H. Smith “12”. 13 years in the Renfrew, Renfrew. 500 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

M. H. Winter “12’ ’. 14 years in the Chief projects are county Dramatical service. and Musical contest, the Turnip Grow¬ North Simcoe. Barrie. ers’ Co-operative and Live Stock Judg¬ W. M. Cockburn “23’ ’. 1% years in ing. the service. Junior work is the chief W entworth, Hamilton. feature of the work. Moff co-operated W. G. Marritt “ 17 8 years in the with 'Fred Webster last June in putting service.. on an old time excursion to Guelph. S. L. Page “24”. 1 year in the ser¬ South Simcoe, Alliston. vice. F. G. Webster “22”. 3 years in the Junior work is a strong feature of the service. Live Stock improvement is work in this county. the chief project. York, Newmarket. Sudbury, Sudbury. R. J. Rogers “22”. 3 years in the D. J. Robicheau. 7 yeans in the ser¬ service. vice. IT. K. McC'harles “23”. 1 year in Temiskaming, New Liskeard. the service. W. G. Nixon “14”. 11 years in the Cow testing is a major part of the service. work of this office. A. G. Skinner “24”. 1 year in the service. Wealthy Australian ’74, Visits Alma The Demonstration Farm at New Lis¬ Mater. keard is under the direction of this office. Mr. Ben Tolton received a pleasant Thunder Bay. surprise on Saturday morning when Fort William Section, Fraser Ross Mr. Robert G. Nall, of Sydney, Austral¬ “22”. 3 years in the service. ia, a friend of his in the early 70’s, call¬ Port Arthur Section, F. S. Thomas ed on him at his home on Woolwich “22”. 3 years in the service. Street and had dinner with him. Mr. The chief projects are seed potatoes, Nall, who is now a multimillionaire, be¬ alfalfa and cow testing. ing head of the firm of Robert G. Nall, Victoria, Lindsay. Ltd., printers and paper box makers, A. A. Knight “09”. 12 years in the Sydney, was one of the first students service. to enroll at the Ontario Agricultural Live Stock improvement is the main College when it opened in 1874. project. lie came to Guelph from London, Waterloo, Galt. Eng., in the fall of 1873, with the ex¬ E. 1. McLoughry “22”. 4 years in press purpose of attending the College. the service. Plowing ompetitions are As that institution had not yet opened, a strong feature of Mac’s work. he engaged to work on the farm with Welland, Welland. Mr. Tolton, and was with him until the R. J. Bryden “16”. years in the following May, when he commenced his service. course in agriculture. On the death Wellington, Arthur. of his father a year later, Mr. Nall re¬ R. IT. Clemens “12”. 8 years in the turned to London, and later to Austral¬ service. ia, where lie established a printing and A. H. Martin “24”. 1 year in the paper box business, which has grown service. to such proportions that a building 156 THE O. A. C. REVIEW 501 feet by 100 feet and seven stories high Mr. Shoemaker was born in Montreal is required to accommodate it. and received his early education in the Mr. Nall has accumulated au im¬ Montreal High School. After moving mense fortune, which was taxed so to Ottawa he matriculated from the heavily following the war that he divid¬ Lisgar street Collegiate and received ed £750,000 among his family of six sons his B. S. A. degree in 1921 at the Ont¬ and eleven daughters, retaining plenty ario Agricultural College at Guelph. of money, however, to run his business. Following this he accepted a fellowship Mr. Nall, who is making a trip through at the Iowa State College and obtained the United States and Canada, stated his M. S. degree the following June. that he could not neglect the 'opportun¬ ity of looking up Mr. Tolton, who he had not seen for 51 years, when the chance offered. He left Saturday afternoon for Hamilton. —Guelph Mercury.

F. J. Greany, '22 The Review regrets not having made announcement sooner of the appoint¬ ment early 'this spring of F. J. Greaney ’22, to the position of Assistant Dom¬ inion Plant Pathologist for Manitoba with headquarters at the Manitoba Agricultural College at Winnipeg. Assuming the duties of a Potatoo Inspector a few summers before grad¬ uation, Frank has constantlv worked and studied hard improving both him¬ self and his position until now he is a qualified Pathologist. We predict even greater things of him very soon for he J. Sheldon Shoemaker 21’ is contemplating Post Graduate work at Minnesota this fall. Since then he has spent several months at the Michigan Agricultural College Honor for Former Ottawa Boy, J. and the last year and a half studying Sheldon Shoemaker, ’21 at the University of Minnesota. His The degree of Doctor of Philosophy, thesis prepared during the latter course one of the highest degrees awarded by of study is being published in the Bot¬ any university, on June 18th will be anical Gazette of America. The sub¬ conferred by the Universitv of Minne- ject is, “ Pollen development in the seta. St. Paul, on J. Sheldon Shoemaker, Apple with Special Reference to son of Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Shoemaker. Chromosome Behaviour. ’ ’ 33 Fifth avenue, Ottawa. Graduating Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker and the citv with honors, he has been admitted as of Ottawa must be congratulated on a member of the Gamma Sigma Delta having such a noted son of science. Fraternity. —Ottawa Citizen. 502 fHE O. A. C. REVIEW

J. R. Sweeney, ’20 Married Friends, classmates and readers of Emigh—Wright—The marriage of the Review are pleased to hear of the Mr. Vernon Emigh and Miss Agnes recent appointment of J R Sweeney, Wright was solemnized at the '20, to the position of Federal Produce parsonage, Dundas Street, by Re\. Grader for Manitoba with head quarters Mr. Meek, on June 17th. Owing to at Winnipeg. Knowing him to be in¬ the death of Miss Wright’s mother, the timately familiar with dairy conditions ceremony was strictly private. The from East to West and having earned immediate relatives of the young couple for himself the highest reputation of alone being present. all engaged in the Dairy Industry both Mr. Emigh is a former 0. A. C. man before graduation and while connected of the Associate Class ’26. The mar¬ with the Manitoba Dairv Branch, we riage took place in Woodstock, Ont. feel sure that the Dominion Government has gained the services of a most cap¬ A. G. Beattie, ’23, Agricultural Sup¬ able person. ervisor, Kano, Nigeria, is expected back We wish “J. R.” every success pos¬ in Canada early in August on five sible and hope to hear more of his months leave. advances in the Dairv World.

P. Lome Wilson, ’24, has been farm¬ Born ing at home, near Delhi, since he left To Mr. and Mrs. Rundall M. Lewis, at the end of his associate course. As Kaifeng, China, on April 27th, 1925. a a pastime he has been following and in¬ daughter, Jean Wishart. structing in boxing and wrestling. One night a week during the winter months he instructs a group of boys at Delhi, '86. C. R. Xotman and Mrs. Not man in the art of self defence. For the visited the college on the 8th of July. past, three years he has won laurels in Mr. Xotman was a classmate of Dr. the Annual Boxing and Wrestling turn- Creel man’s. He is now with the Equit¬ ament of Norfolk County—three times able Life Assurance Co., Pittsburg. being champion of the county in wrest¬ Pa. ling and twice in boxing.

1898 ’24 Remembers “Bob” Keegan The position now held by Joseph H. A few of the members of year *24 Grisdale is deputy minister of ag¬ remembered “Bob” Keegan by present¬ riculture of Ontario, Canada. He ing him with a gift of a dozen soup has been with the central experimental spoons for committing the recent rash farm at Ottawa the entire time since act of matrimonial wedlock. We graduation. From 1899-1911 he was sympathize with “Bob” in the serious agriculturist, then director from 1911- operation of marriage, but we neverthe¬ 1919 and has held his present position less, felicitate him on the important, and cf deputy minister for the last five yet, eventful capture of a wife whom we believe to be really worth while. •>vears. —Iowa Agriculturist Yes, Bob has actually taken unto him- THE O. A. C. REVIEW 503

self a wife, who will always welcome teacher of Science and Agriculture at anjr 0f ’24 with a cheerful greeting and the Collegiate Institute at Oakville, unusual hospitality. If you do not Ontario. ’24 wishes Bill a “Bon voy¬ know her, nor have not already met age”, and “Beaucoup d’Amusements”. her, it will pay you to avail yourself of the opportunity.

Mrs. Robert Keegan, the lady in ’24. An extract from a recent letter question, was formerly Miss Margaret from (Dick Lane reads as follows— Young of the City of Guelph. She is Balantrae, Ont. probably already known to many of ’24 “At present 1 am stopping only two who have met her at dances and parties farms away from Hugo Clark’s farm of at the college. Bob, himself, continues 200 acres. I was down to see him yester¬ to work in his usual thorough and effic¬ day. I have been sent up here by the ient manner as Plant Breeder and has Govt, to get options on some of the poor established himself in his own modest land through here for reforestation and capable way in the hearts of the purposes which will !be paid for by Field Husbandry Staff. York County. As soon as I leave here I will be off to Bruce County1 to get The marriage took place on June 9th some more for the same purpose for at the home of the Bride’s parents, 101 that county. King St., Guelph. Mr. and Mrs. Kee¬ gan have taken up residence at 282 As far as I know I finished my third year Forestry, LT. of T., and will only Paisley Road, Guelph, where they will . be glad to welcome any of the boys at have one more year to put in. After any time. The spirit of ’24 still lives that I will probably do as most fellows and it is the wish of all the boys that do—start looking for a job. the future of “Bob” and his wife will G. R. Lane. “Dick” be filled with much happiness, success and many pleasant surprises. Year ’26. “Bill” Young (W. G.) ' ^ of Kendal Ave., Toronto, who complet¬ ed two years with class ’26 and then ’24, W. J. A. Stewart, who has just transferred to the Faculty of Medicine, completed his course at the College of U. of T., is selling Wear Ever Aluminum Education, is taking a trip abroad to for the summer in Eastern Ontario. He see England and Bonny Scotland. Bill was last heard from at Smith Falls, has a good reason, though, for it has Ontario. been heard from good authority that he is going to “fetch” a wife from the good old land. It has been known for a long time that Bill’s lady love lived ’27. (Extracts from a letter receiv¬ overseas where he met her and “fell” ed from “Tommy” Graham while in in his army days. His long engage¬ Guelph.) ment is now terminating into what is ‘ ‘ Ottawa is a mecca of 0. A. C. boys commonly termed ‘eonjugial bliss”. and one has no trouble in seeing many Bill’s step in the matrimonial world familiar faces around the city. coincides with his material successes, Ottawa is one of the gayest, prettiest in that of obtaining the appointment of and one of the busiest cities in Canada 504 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

—'bar none. And when one gets set¬ S. H. Gaudier, ’ll, Claresholm, Alta. tled here, honestly, it is hard to get J. R. Higgins, ’19, Calgary, Alta. away again. E. S. Hopkins, Ottawa, Ont. We were all glad to see the boys E. A. Howes ’ll, Edmonton, Alta. graduate so successfully. To show our appreciation, we took Bower, Frank L. S. Klinck, 03, Vancouver, B. C. and Clarence Hand to Luna Park, Hull, D. C. Laird, ’15, Vancouver, B. C. and initiated the boys into many of the O. W. Leggatt, ’21, Calgary, Alta. mysteries there. Later we motored A. J. Logsdail, ’09, Kemptville, Ont. over to the Chateau Laurier and had A. J. Mann, ’20, Summerville, B. C. midnight dinner in what they call their A. W. Mason, ’05, Guelph, Ont. Ball Room. J. Murray, Medicine Hat, Alta. I am enjoying the work at the exper¬ A. A. MacMillan, ’12, Ottawa, Ont. imental Farm and should have enough G. P. McRostie, ’12, Ottawa, Ont. money to return to Guelph in the Fall. L. H. Newman, ’03, Ottawa, Ont. I have been crossing onions, tomatoes, F. H. Reed, ’03, Lacomibe, Alta. beans and peppers for five weeks here P. E. Reed, ’03, Regina, Sask. and am at present working with Bob W. H. Robertson, ’ll, Victoria, B. C. Murray of ’23. J. P. Sackville, ’15, Edmonton, Alta. Re mv«/ own exams in the Intermediate H. W. Scott, ’07, Sedgewick, Alta. year. I wish to thank Mr. Wheatley W. Southworth, ’12, Winnipeg, Man. for tempering justice with mercy and G. M. Stewart, ’08, Calgary, Alta also to thank “Doc.” Gilmore for his P. Stewart, ’14, Ottawa, Ont. coaching in Chemistry. 0. Tice, ’19, Victoria, B. C. T'hos 0. Graham. G. G. White, ’05, Regina, Sask. C. A. Zavitz, ’88, Guelph, Ont. R. R. Moore, ’09, Norwich, Ont. Among those attending the combined A. H. MacLennan, ’08, O. A. C. meetings of the C- S. T. A. (Canadian E. L. Gray, ’23, Claresholm, Alta. Society of Technical Agriculturists) D. M. Johnston, ’08. and the C. S. G. A. (Canadian Seed J. C. McBeath, ’18, Edmonton, Alta. Growers Association) at Edmonton S. H. Clark, ’12. were: A. L. F. Lehmann, ’89, Edmonton, W. D. Albright, ’05, Beaver Lodge, Alta. Alta. F. W. Race, ’02, Edmonton, Alta. H. Barton, ’07, Macdonald College, G. Ilarcourt, ’89, Edmonton, Alta. P. Q. F. W. Brodrick, ’03, Winnipeg, Man. T. G. Bunting, ’07, Macdonald Col¬ Alumni Please Note lege, P. Q. The following is a list of graduates G. H. Clark, ’98, Ottawa, Ont. whom we have been unable to locate. T. 0. Clark, ’12, Ednmnton, Alta. Any information regarding their pre¬ H. A. Craig, 06, Edmonton, Alta. sent locations and occupations will be N. Curtis, ’20, Edmonton, Alta. much appreciated and will enable us to G. E. De Long, ’18, Lacomibe, Alta. complete our records. Please send any S. G. Freeborn, ’15, Calgary, Alta. information to A. M. Porter, Registrar D. H. Galbraith, ’03, Vulcan, Alta. O. A. C., Guelph. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 505

Year of 1909— Monroe, J. F. Graduation Name 1900-—McCarthy, D. J. 1914— Anderson, J. F. 1906— McCredie, A. 1904— Avila, C. N. 1892—Newcomen, W. F. 1921—Arsenault, D. E. 1904^Panelo, J. 1905— Baker, R. G. 1907— Prittie, F. H. 1896—Bishop, W. R. 1912—Ross, W. H. 1913—Boddy, R. A. 1911— Scott, W. R. M. 1891—Buchanan, D. 1920— Seouten, W. 1905—'Bustamante, D. 1891—Sharman, H. B. 1904— Bustamante, R. S. 1921— Semple, J. A. 1923—Carr, C. L. 1912— Shibley, C. S. 1910— Clancey, R. H. 1922— Shore, F. R. 1911— Coglan, R. B. 1922—Shore, F. R. 1910—Collins, G. W. 1910— Snyder, A. S. 1915— Cory, A. 1898—Summerley, W. L. 1913—Davidson, W. 1904—Thom, C. C. 1908— iDennis, F. H. 1896—Thompson, W. J. 1905— Diaz, G. 1915— Towmsley, W. A. 1907— Diaz, P. 1922— Wasson, F. C. 1913—Diaz, R. 1918—Weston, E. W. 1920— Dow, N. D. 1908— Winslow, R. 1909— Eastham, A. 1923— Young, W. A. 1893— Eaton, L. W. 1916— Scott, H. Mapwell. 1903— Eftyhithes, B. M. 1921—Wadsworth, J. W. 1913— Ellis, J. C. 1894— Ferguson, J. Lest We Forget 1905—Grand, J. The following is a list of the girls 1915—Gray, A. J. who graduated this year from Mac¬ 1904— Hamilton, W. donald Institute. 1915—Harris, A. G. 1914— Hayes, W. H. Senior Normal Course in Home 1919—Higgins, J. R. Economics 1908— Hodson, R. 1. Ainslie, Helen I., St. Mary’s Ont. 1915— Hart, E. W. 2. Blandford, Beatrice R., 169 Del¬ 1916— Hogan, E. aware Ave., Hamilton, Ontario. 1900—Hollis, J. H. 3. Mowman, Bessie A., Box 14, 1915—Holmes, H. M. Guelph, Ontario. 1913— Horolin, H. P. 4. Cameron, Jean P., R. R. No. 2. 1921— Jukes, R. Dobbinton, Ontario. 1914— Lattimer, J. E. 5. Durst, Lorna M., Chesley, Out, 1921—Morrison, S. H. 6. Edwards, Fern N., 338 6th Ave 1921—McCrimmon, J. G. West, Calgary, Alberta. 1896—Kidd, D. F. 7. Nixon, Kathleen E., R. R. No. 1, 1913—Keegan, H. L. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. 1903—LaPierre, L. D. 8. Yeandle, Audrey, 210 Albert St., 1900—Linklater, W. Stratford, Ontario. 506 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

Homemaker Course Senior Associate Course 1. Buzza, Gladys H., Flamboro 1. Anderson, Lenore, 44 Benson Centre, Ont. Street, Niagara Falls, Ont. 2. Chambers, Eleanore, Iiarriston, 2. Bell, Winnifred, 178 George St., Ontario. Sarnia, Ontario. 3. Coatsworth, Dorothy E j 113 Kil¬ 3. Bull, Rheta L., 159 Rose-mount dare Road, Walkerville, Ontario. Ave.., Weston, Ontario. 4. (Drinkwater, Irene, 6 Queen St. 4. Burrows, Vivian N., 144 Ford East, Guelph, Ontario. Ave., Highland Park, Detroit, Mich. 5. Eerris, Clarice E., Oundles P. 0., 5. Davison, Margaret, Unionville, Ontario. Ontario. 6. Gammage, Janet, R. R. No. 2, 6. Davidson, Daisy, 171 Antrim St., Dresden, Ontario. Peterborough, Ont. 7. Higinbotham, Muriel D., 620 7. Drew, Elizabeth, 409 Woolwich 12th St. South, Lethbridge, Alberta. Street, Guelph, Ontario. 8. Kelly, Allie, Box 40, Dunnville, 8. Forster, Marjorie S., 512 Jarvis Ontario. Street, Toronto, Ontario. 9. Galbraith, F. Kathleen, Vernon, 9. McConnell, E. Florence, Harris- B. C. ton, Ontario. 10. Gayiman, Marie, 97 Queen Street. 10. MTntosth, Helen M., ‘Arran”, Si. Catharines, Ontario. York Place, Oak Bay, Victoria, B. C. 11. Goldie, Mary M., 1 Brant Rd. 11. McKenzie, Florence E., Willow North, Galt, Ontario. Dale, Ontario. 12. Harvie, Beatrice, Port Colborne, 12. Milling, Mildred, R. R. No. 1, Ontario. Napanee, Ontario. 13. Johnston, Gretta M., Essex, Ont. 13. Moo-die, Minnie, Athens, Ont. 14. Kirkpatrick, Verna J., 238 Davis 14. Morrow, Gladys E., 72 Charlton Street, Sarnia, Ontario. Ave. West, Hamilton, Ontario. 15. McBurney, Isabel, 16 Jepson 15. Read, Marjorie A., 278 Reid St., Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario. Peterborough, Ont. 16. McGregor, Jessie I., 13 High 16. Robertson, Helen W., Box 275, Street, Brantford, Ontario. St. Catharines, Ont. 17. McKiel, E. Marguerite, 51 Lyon 17. Sagert, Inez, Box 851, Ingersoll, Avenue, Guelph, Ontario. Ontario. 18. McMillan, M. Carroll, 129 6th 18. Scholes, Dorothy I., 60 Kendal Ave. East, Calgary, Alberta. Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. 19. McTaggart, Mary F., Clinton, 19. Sneyd, Nora, 25 Ashford Blvd., Ontario. Hamilton, Ontario. 20. Muirhead, Eleanor |D., Carleton 20. Tremayne, Dorothy E.. Prince Plance, Ontario. Rupert, B. C. 21. Odell, Nellie W., Cobourg, Ont. 21. Tremayne, Ethel M. R., Prince 22. O’Neill, Eleanor, 273 Argyle Rupert, B. C. Rd., Walkerville, Ontario. 22. Way, Helen B., Picton, Ontario. 23. Robertson, Helen, Milton, Ont. 23. Weber, Viola, 127 Young Street, 24. Robinson, Allberta, 2415 8th St. Kitchener, Ontario. West, Calgary, Alberta. THE O. A. C. REVIEW 507

25. Rollins, Lois, R. R. No. 4, Belle¬ Senior Institutional Management ville, Ontario. Course 26. Row, Lulu A., 'Currie’s Crossing, 1. Bradley, Edna M., 152 Third Ave., Ontario. Ottawa, Ontario. 27. Rowat, Helen, 34 Cartwright St., 2. Frost, Dorothy L., Walkerton, London, Ontario. Ontario. 28. Scott, B. Kathleen, 16 Crescent 3. Hepburn, Ada M., R. R. No. % Rd., Galt, Ontario. St. Thomas, Ontario. 4. Rowe, Elizabeth, Allenford., Oni. 29. Shaw, Helen M., Essex, Ontario. 5.. Ruston, Frieda, Milverton, Ont. 30. Silverthorne, Edna, 107 Elgin 6. Sykes, Mrs. Dorothea, 188 Gren¬ Street, St. Thomas, Ontario. adier Rd., Toronto, Ontario. 31. Simpson, Isabel, 11 Chestnut St., Note—Miss Paynes, Miss Gibson, Miss St. Catharines, Ontario. Grace McIntosh did not graduate. 32. Sneyd, Evelyn IL, Severn Bridge, Ontario. 33. Southcott, J. Margaret, 135 Ont¬ A few of the O.A.C. men at Ottawa ario Street, St. Catharines, Ontario. enjoyed a wonderful evening at Clint 34. Spackman, Florence, 60 East St.. Shoemaker’s, ’24, on Wednesday, July St. Thomas, Ontario. 22nd. There were present: Nel. Henry 35. Telford, Mary S., 612 8th St. ’24, Doc. Gilmour ’24, E.. Ripley ’22, East, Owen Sound, Ontario. Thos. 'Graham ’26, Joe Grisdale ’27, E. 36. Thompson, Helen E., 763 George Haskett and F. Parish ’25. Let me St., Peterborough, Ontario. slip you a tip, Clint sure is the boy 37. Thompson, Willa M., Belwood, to arrange for good partners. The Ontario. party was snappy from the word “Go”, 38. Tudhope, Frances, 103 Match e- variety was the “Keynote” of the dash St., Orillia, Ontario. evening, and we hied homeward some 39. Webster, Alice E., R. R. No. 4, time in the wee hours of the morning. Creemore, Ontario. 40. White, Pearl E., R. R. No. 5, A. Holman ’24, arrived in Ottawa Aylmer, Ontario. Tuesday, 21st., on his honeymoon trip. 41. Wills, St. George, 38 Queen St., R. Ostler, of Plevna, met him and after Belleville, Ontario. showing him the sights in Ottawa, was 42. Wilson, Helen M., Box 24, Wing- taking him home with him for a ham, Ontario. week’s visit.

There was a young girl of West Ham An epicure dining at Crewe Who hastily jumped on a tram, Found quite a large mouse in his When she had embarked stew, The conductor remarked, Said the waiter. “Don’t shout, “Your fare, miss.” She answered And wave it about, “I am.” Or the rest will be wanting one too.” 508 THE O. A. C. REVIEW

A Scotchman, returning on horse¬ Glum Prospect back accompanied by a companion, “Don’t cry, little boy. You’ll get from the tavern, fell off his horse your reward in the end.” while crossing a stream. “Mack!” he “Sp’ose so. That’s where I always shouted, “something has fallen into do get it.” the water.” Mack dismounted and found Jock in the water. “Why, it’s A farmer continually having fruit yourself, Jock,” he said. Jock main¬ stolen from his orchard, one day re¬ tained that it could not have marked—-“Drat them boys. They’re possibly been him, but after consid- stealing my apples again. The more able argument mounted his horse. I have the more they take. In fact, Being a little the worse for wear, if I have many more I’ll have none he got on his horse backwards, he at all.” then asked Mack to hand him the r« ip ns. Mack seemed to have some The carriage was crowded as the difficulty in getting them. Then he young man opened the door and ask¬ handed him the horse’s tail. “Why, ed: “Is this Noah’s Ark full?” Mack,” he said, “it was the horse’s “Yes,” was the reply from the man head that fell off.” in the corner, “we’re all here except the ass; come in.” He—But I don’t think I deserve an absolute zero.” A Scotsman was found dead in Teacher—Neither do I, but it is front of a 1-cent punching machine. the lowest mark I am allowed to give The Coroner found that death had you.” been caused by over-exertion. In¬ vestigation disclosed a sign reading: “Your penny returned if you hit hard Teacher—“This exam, will be con¬ enough.”—McGill Daily. ducted on the honour system. Please cake seats three apart and in alter¬ A Fateful Hide nate rows.” Clyde Younghorse, a young Indian suddenly oil-rich, bought himself a Great Forethought $5,000 automobile and drove away. “It is wonderful how nature pro¬ Next day the salesman was confront¬ vides for the needs of mankind.” ed by Younghorse again. The Indian “I quite agree with you. What, for was afoot, walked with a limp, and instance, could be more convenient bore various contusions and bruises. than ears to hook one’s spectacles This was his explanation: over.” “Drive out big car; buy gallon • • THE 0. A. C. REVIEW vi 1 moonshine; take big drink; step on Teacher — (Spelling teacher) — gas. Trees and fences gb by heap “John Smith how do you spell frog?” fast. Pretty quick see big bridge com¬ John Smith—“F. .r. .o. .” ing down road. Turn out let bridge Teacher—“Go home and don’t pass. Bang! Car gone! Gimme an¬ come back until you know it.” other one.” Teacher (next day)—“John Smith spell frog.” Jones—“I hear your wife had an John Smith—“F. . r. . o. . ” accident with the car.” Teacher—-“Sit down and learn it.” Smith—“Oh; it was not serious.” Teacher (later)—“John Smith, Jones—“Anything damaged?” spell frog.” Smith—“Oh, no; just a little paint John Smith—“F. .r. .” scratched off both.” Just then the boy behind him stuck a pin into him and John shouted: Sailor (just home from cruise) — “O Gee!” “Sorry, old girl; I tried ’ard to get Teacher—“You have it at last.” you a monkey, but I ’ad no luck.” —Northland Echo. Fond Wife—Oh, it don’t matter dear—I ’ave you.” Flora—“You haven’t announced your engagement yet, have you?” The week had gloomly begun Dora—“Haven’t I just told you.” For Willie Weeks, a poor man’s Sun. “Brother Johnston,” said the Dea¬ He was beset with bill and dun con, “can’t you all donate some small And he had very little contribution to de fund for fencing Mon. in the culud cemetery?” “I dunno as I kin, parson,” replied “This cash,” said he, “won’t pay my Brother Johnston. “I don’t see no dues, use in a fence round no cemetery. I’ve nothing here but one’s and You see, them what’s in there can’t Tues. get out, and them what’s out sho’ A bright thought struck him, and he doan wanta git in.” said, “The rich Miss Goldlocks I will It was just for recreation Wed.” That she asked the explanation But when he paid his court to her, Of a young man no relation She lisped, but firmly said, “No What was meant by “Osculation.” Thur.” Then she shifted her location “Alas!” said he, “then I must die, To invite the sweet sensation Although hereafter I may « Just imagine her vexation, Fri.” When he gave her the translation. They found his gloves, his coat and hat And in French the derivation, The coroner upon them Just as if he were in class; Sat. Wasn’t he an awful goose. vm THE O. A. C. REVIEW fr Jersey Milk— A Bar We’re Particularly Proud of Never in our long experience have we made a chocolate bar that ap¬ pealed to so many people in such a short time. It’s the new delicious flavor that does it. Try Jersey Milk and see for yourself. Jersey Milk, a solid milk chocolate bar, in 5c, 10c and 25c sizes.

Chocolate Bars THE LAST WORD IN CANDY VALUE

&

Mrs. Tipsy (to inebriated hubby “No, you nut; you don’t get ‘down’ fumbling with the knob of the front off an elephant. You get that off a door)—“What on earth are you try¬ duck.” ing to do?” Mr. Tipsy—“Ah — ah — hie — um — trying — hie — to get Pish-berg.” A Toast to the Farmer (Gentleman’s Magazine, Sept. 1749) Now You Tell One Let the wealthy and great They were discussing ways and Roll in splendor and state: means of getting down off an eleph¬ I envy them not, ant. I declare it. “Well, how do you get down?” ask¬ I eat my own lamb, ed Bob. “You climb down, of course.” My chicken and ham, “No,” replied his friend Tom. I shear my own fleece and I wear it. “Well, you grease his sides and 1 have lawns, slide down,” suggested the other. 1 have bowers, “Wrong again,” insisted Tom. 1 have fruits, “Then you take a ladder if one is 1 have flowers, handy and get down,” was the next The lark is my morning alarmer. suggestion. So Jolly Boys now “No.” May God speed the plow, “Well, you slide down his trunk.” Long life and success to the farmer

Please mention the O. A. C.. REVIEW when answering Advertisements THE O. A. C. REVIEW ix

i

While Travelling Other ONE of the safest ways of carrying Safe Ways: money when travelling is by means Letters of Credit of Travellers’ Cheques. Drafts They are as good as cash in almost any part Money Orders Transfers by of the world and have the distinct advantage Mail or Wire of protecting your money against loss. They are self-identifying and can be cashed only by the original purchaser.

Travellers' Cheques in your pocket are equivalent to ready money.

The surprised Burglar: “Sir, I have worked hard all night. Can’t I A Spook visits a modern ancestral take this little bundlle for my allery. trouble?” Le Rire, Paris Die Muskete. Vienna.

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Betting tbe most for tbe IDoney Getting the most for the money is the aim of everyone when purchasing. Today dairy buyers realize that getting the most for the money means getting the most work done with the least expenditure of time, energy and capital. This can only be accomplished with quality supplies. Because the modern dairy cleaner

performs maximum cleaning service with an economy of time, labor and cleaner, its use is ever growing where the most is wanted for the money. INDIAN IN CIRCLE

Wyandotte Dairyman’s Cleaner and Cleanser

cleans clean, and leaves all washed surfaces sweet Dehjye/?r> smelling and odorless.

Ask Your Supply Man IN EVERY PACKAGE The J. B. Ford Co. Sole Mnfrs. Wyandotte, Mich. Offices in Principal Cities L.

"A High School Boards and Boards of Education

Are Authorized 'by Law to Establish INDUSTRIAL, TECHNICAL

and ART SCHOOLS

WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION

Day and Evening Classes may be conducted in accordance with the regula¬ tions issued by the Department of Education.

Theoretical and Practical Instruction is given in various trades. The schools and classes are under the direction of an Advisory Committee.

Commercial Subjects, Manual Training, Household Science and Agriculture and Horticulture are provided for in the Courses of Study in Public, Separate. Continuation and High Schools, Collegiate Institutes, Vocational Schools and Departments.

Copies of the Regulations issued by the Minister of Education may be ob¬ tained from the Deputy Minister, Parliament Buildings, Toronto. Toronto, December, 1921.

Please mention the O. A. O. REVIEW when answering Advertisements THE O. A. C. REVIEW xi

Where a DeLaval will con¬ vince you ©t what it can do ~ Trp One on Your Own Farm

If you are not already convinced of the superiority of the De Laval Cream Separator, there is a simple and easy way to settle this question to your own satisfaction. Ask your De Laval Agent to let you try one—he will gladly do so, free of charge. ^ Then use it under your own conditions. You will soon be convinced cf its superiority, and know why. Run the skim-milk from your old separator through the new De Laval. You may be sur¬ prised ar the amount of cream the new Dc Laval will get from it; and if it does, then trade in your cld machine as partial paymepi. 1 THE DE LAVAL COMPANY, Ltd. MONTREAL PETERBORO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER

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Tbe Kind of Printing You Want — The Way You Want It — When You Want It

THE GUMMER PRESS Printers, Bookbinders and Publishers

THE SIZE OF THE JOB MAKES NO DIFFERENCE GOOD SERVICE AND GOOD PRINTING CHARACTERIZE OUR WORK

'

' - GUMMER BUILDING PHONE 872 GUELPH

Give Your Hens A Square Deal, Feed EHONEED

r FOODS7 Chick Food, More Eggs Laying Mash,

Growing Mash, and Fattening Mash,

Scratch Food, Better Birds Pigeon Food, WESTERN CANADA FLOUR MILLS COMPANY, LIMITED TORONTO, ONT.

Please mention the O. A. C. REVIEW when answering Advertisements /T- Guelph Business Directory (Continued)

Dry Goods & Ladies’ Wear— Magazines and Newspapers— D. E. Macdonald & Bros. Ltd. Daly’s Cole Bros. & Scott Murphy and Cartledge Foster’s John Armstrong Musical Instruments, Music, Etc.— C. W. Kelly & Son Druggists— Alex. Stewart Opticians and Optometrists— Bogardus & Barton Geo. Pringle Broadfoot A. D. Savage Sun Drug Co. Photographers— Florists— The Kennedy Studio James Gilchrist O’Keefe Studio Miss E. S. Marriott Crewson & Mitchell Printing—

Fruits— The Gummer Press Wallace Printing Co. Geo. Williams Kelso Printing Co. Hood & Benallick Crewson & Mitchell Radio Sets— Gladioli, Peonies, Iris— C. W. Kelly & Son J. E. Carter Rendezvous— Groceries— Wyndham Inn Hood and Benallick Geo. Williams Riding Horses— Mrs. Olive M. Meade Hair-Dressing Parlors— Mrs. Hodgins Shoe Repairing— J. D. McArthur Hardware^ Campbell’s Shoe Repair Shop J. P. Hammill A. McGladerys Shoe Repair Shop The Bond Hardware Co. Howden Hardware Co. Taxicabs— Penfold Hardware Co. C. L. Kearns, Phone 41W Horticultural Society, Guelph— Tailors— J. F. Marr, 14 Verney St., Sec. Keleher & Hondley Jewellers— Savage & Co. Theatres— Smith and Mahoney Castle J. J. McTague Tobacco Shops— Lumber— Murphy & Cartledge Guelph Lumber Co. Daly’s «».

Ontario Agricultural College OPENING

SEPTEMBER 18, 1925

The wealth of Ontario is in her soils and her prosperity depends upon the intelligent use of the same. The O.A.C. can give you the training necessary to efficiency in leadership, in all that pertains to agriculture and rural life. You are going to live anyway, why not live a full life. Education makes the difference. The province offers it to you at a very low cost. Tuition only $20 for the first year, and room and board only $5.50 per week. This is your opportunity to become a leader. Write for College Calendar descriptive of liberal training in the science and practice of agriculture.

J. B. REYNOLDS, M.A. A. M. PORTER, B.S.A. President Registrar

The Ontario Agricultural College

GUELPH, ONTARIO