Cviewoftherestlesssn2009ip Reveals the Explosive Ejection of a Massive Star Envelope Margutti, R., Et Al
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Astronomie in Theorie Und Praxis 8. Auflage in Zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski
Astronomie in Theorie und Praxis 8. Auflage in zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Beobachtungen mit bloßem Auge 37 Motivation 37 Hilfsmittel 38 Drehbare Sternkarte Bücher und Atlanten Kataloge Planetariumssoftware Elektronischer Almanach Sternkarten 39 2 Atmosphäre der Erde 49 Aufbau 49 Atmosphärische Fenster 51 Warum der Himmel blau ist? 52 Extinktion 52 Extinktionsgleichung Photometrie Refraktion 55 Szintillationsrauschen 56 Angaben zur Beobachtung 57 Durchsicht Himmelshelligkeit Luftunruhe Beispiel einer Notiz Taupunkt 59 Solar-terrestrische Beziehungen 60 Klassifizierung der Flares Korrelation zur Fleckenrelativzahl Luftleuchten 62 Polarlichter 63 Nachtleuchtende Wolken 64 Haloerscheinungen 67 Formen Häufigkeit Beobachtung Photographie Grüner Strahl 69 Zodiakallicht 71 Dämmerung 72 Definition Purpurlicht Gegendämmerung Venusgürtel Erdschattenbogen 3 Optische Teleskope 75 Fernrohrtypen 76 Refraktoren Reflektoren Fokus Optische Fehler 82 Farbfehler Kugelgestaltsfehler Bildfeldwölbung Koma Astigmatismus Verzeichnung Bildverzerrungen Helligkeitsinhomogenität Objektive 86 Linsenobjektive Spiegelobjektive Vergütung Optische Qualitätsprüfung RC-Wert RGB-Chromasietest Okulare 97 Zusatzoptiken 100 Barlow-Linse Shapley-Linse Flattener Spezialokulare Spektroskopie Herschel-Prisma Fabry-Pérot-Interferometer Vergrößerung 103 Welche Vergrößerung ist die Beste? Blickfeld 105 Lichtstärke 106 Kontrast Dämmerungszahl Auflösungsvermögen 108 Strehl-Zahl Luftunruhe (Seeing) 112 Tubusseeing Kuppelseeing Gebäudeseeing Montierungen 113 Nachführfehler -
Investigating the Unusual Spectroscopic Time-Evolution in SN 2012Fr∗
Draft version October 4, 2018 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX62 Investigating the Unusual Spectroscopic Time-Evolution in SN 2012fr∗ Christopher Cain,1, 2, 3 E. Baron,2, 4, 5 M. M. Phillips,6 Carlos Contreras,7, 8 Chris Ashall,9 Maximilian D. Stritzinger,8 Christopher R. Burns,10 Anthony L. Piro,10 Eric Y. Hsiao,9, 7, 8 P. Hoeflich,9 Kevin Krisciunas,11 and Nicholas B. Suntzeff11 1Azusa Pacific University 901 E Alosta Ave, Azusa, California, 91702, USA 2University of Oklahoma 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 4Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany 5Visiting Astronomer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 6Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile 7Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile 8Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 9Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA 10Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 11George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (Received ; Revised ; Accepted ) Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT The type Ia supernova (SN) 2012fr displayed an unusual combination of its Si II λλ5972, 6355 fea- tures. This includes the ratio of their pseudo equivalent widths, placing it at the border of the Shallow Silicon (SS) and Core Normal (CN) spectral subtype in the Branch diagram, while the Si IIλ6355 expansion velocities places it as a High-Velocity (HV) object in the Wang et al. -
Curriculum Vitae Avishay Gal-Yam
January 27, 2017 Curriculum Vitae Avishay Gal-Yam Personal Name: Avishay Gal-Yam Current address: Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. Telephones: home: 972-8-9464749, work: 972-8-9342063, Fax: 972-8-9344477 e-mail: [email protected] Born: March 15, 1970, Israel Family status: Married + 3 Citizenship: Israeli Education 1997-2003: Ph.D., School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Advisor: Prof. Dan Maoz 1994-1996: B.Sc., Magna Cum Laude, in Physics and Mathematics, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. (1989-1993: Military service.) Positions 2013- : Head, Physics Core Facilities Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2012- : Associate Professor, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2008- : Head, Kraar Observatory Program, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2007- : Visiting Associate, California Institute of Technology. 2007-2012: Senior Scientist, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. 2006-2007: Postdoctoral Scholar, California Institute of Technology. 2003-2006: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow, California Institute of Technology. 1996-2003: Physics and Mathematics Research and Teaching Assistant, Tel Aviv University. Honors and Awards 2012: Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation. 2010: Krill Prize for Excellence in Scientific Research. 2010: Isreali Physical Society (IPS) Prize for a Young Physicist (shared with E. Nakar). 2010: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) ARCHES Prize. 2010: Levinson Physics Prize. 2008: The Peter and Patricia Gruber Award. 2007: European Union IRG Fellow. 2006: “Citt`adi Cefal`u"Prize. 2003: Hubble Fellow. 2002: Tel Aviv U. School of Physics and Astronomy award for outstanding achievements. 2000: Colton Fellow. 2000: Tel Aviv U. School of Physics and Astronomy research and teaching excellence award. -
Asymmetries in Sn 2014J Near Maximum Light Revealed Through Spectropolarimetry
ASYMMETRIES IN SN 2014J NEAR MAXIMUM LIGHT REVEALED THROUGH SPECTROPOLARIMETRY Item Type Article Authors Porter, Amber; Leising, Mark D.; Williams, G. Grant; Milne, P. A.; Smith, Paul; Smith, Nathan; Bilinski, Christopher; Hoffman, Jennifer L.; Huk, Leah; Leonard, Douglas C. Citation ASYMMETRIES IN SN 2014J NEAR MAXIMUM LIGHT REVEALED THROUGH SPECTROPOLARIMETRY 2016, 828 (1):24 The Astrophysical Journal DOI 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/24 Publisher IOP PUBLISHING LTD Journal The Astrophysical Journal Rights © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Download date 27/09/2021 22:28:24 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622057 The Astrophysical Journal, 828:24 (12pp), 2016 September 1 doi:10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/24 © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. ASYMMETRIES IN SN 2014J NEAR MAXIMUM LIGHT REVEALED THROUGH SPECTROPOLARIMETRY Amber L. Porter1, Mark D. Leising1, G. Grant Williams2,3, Peter Milne2, Paul Smith2, Nathan Smith2, Christopher Bilinski2, Jennifer L. Hoffman4, Leah Huk4, and Douglas C. Leonard5 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, 118 Kinard Laboratory, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; [email protected] 2 Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 3 MMT Observatory, P.O. Box 210065, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA 4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80208, USA 5 Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, PA-210, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA Received 2016 February 14; revised 2016 May 11; accepted 2016 May 12; published 2016 August 24 ABSTRACT We present spectropolarimetric observations of the nearby Type Ia supernova SN 2014J in M82 over six epochs: +0, +7, +23, +51, +77, +109, and +111 days with respect to B-band maximum. -
No Supernovae Associated with Two Long-Duration Γ-Ray Bursts
1 No supernovae associated with two long-duration γ-ray bursts Johan P. U. Fynbo1, Darach Watson1, Christina C. Thöne1, Jesper Sollerman1,2, Joshua S. Bloom3, Tamara M. Davis1, Jens Hjorth1, Páll Jakobsson4, Uffe G. Jørgensen5, John F. Graham6, Andrew S. Fruchter6, David Bersier7, Lisa Kewley8, Arnaud Cassan9, José María Castro Cerón1, Suzanne Foley10, Javier Gorosabel11, Tobias C. Hinse5, Keith D. Horne12, Brian L. Jensen1, Sylvio Klose13, Daniel Kocevski3, Jean-Baptiste Marquette14, Daniel Perley3, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz15,16, Maximilian D. Stritzinger1, Paul M. Vreeswijk17,18, Ralph A. M. Wijers19, Kristian G. Woller5, Dong Xu1, Marta Zub6 1Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 2Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Sweden 3Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, UK 5Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 6Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 7Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK 2 8University of Hawaii, Institute of Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, US 9Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Mönchof Str. -
Liverpool Telescope 2: a New Robotic Facility for Rapid Transient Follow-Up
Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Liverpool Telescope 2: a new robotic facility for rapid transient follow-up C.M. Copperwheat · I.A. Steele · R.M. Barnsley · S.D. Bates · D. Bersier · M.F. Bode · D. Carter · N.R. Clay · C.A. Collins · M.J. Darnley · C.J. Davis · C.M. Gutierrez · D.J. Harman · P.A. James · J.H. Knapen · S. Kobayashi · J.M. Marchant · P.A. Mazzali · C.J. Mottram · C.G. Mundell · A. Newsam · A. Oscoz · E. Palle · A. Piascik · R. Rebolo · R.J. Smith Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The Liverpool Telescope is one of the world’s premier facilities for time domain astronomy. The time domain landscape is set to radically change in the coming decade, with synoptic all-sky surveys such as LSST providing huge numbers of transient detections on a nightly basis; transient detections across the electromagnetic spectrum from other major facilities such as SVOM, SKA and CTA; and the era of ‘multi-messenger astronomy’, wherein astro- physical events are detected via non-electromagnetic means, such as neutrino or gravitational wave emission. We describe here our plans for the Liverpool Telescope 2: a new robotic telescope designed to capitalise on this new era of time domain astronomy. LT2 will be a 4-metre class facility co-located with the Liverpool Telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos on the Canary island of La Palma. The telescope will be designed for extremely C.M. Copperwheat · I.A. Steele · R.M. Barnsley · S.D. Bates · D. Bersier · M.F. Bode · D. -
Short Burst GRB 060614
ARTICLE Received 8 Oct 2014 | Accepted 27 Apr 2015 | Published 11 Jun 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8323 OPEN A possible macronova in the late afterglow of the long–short burst GRB 060614 Bin Yang1,2, Zhi-Ping Jin1, Xiang Li1,2, Stefano Covino3, Xian-Zhong Zheng1, Kenta Hotokezaka4, Yi-Zhong Fan1,5, Tsvi Piran4 & Da-Ming Wei1 Long-duration (42s) g-ray bursts that are believed to originate from the death of massive stars are expected to be accompanied by supernovae. GRB 060614, that lasted 102 s, lacks a supernova-like emission down to very stringent limits and its physical origin is still debated. Here we report the discovery of near-infrared bump that is significantly above the regular decaying afterglow. This red bump is inconsistent with even the weakest known supernova. However, it can arise from a Li-Paczyn´ski macronova—the radioactive decay of debris following a compact binary merger. If this interpretation is correct, GRB 060614 arose from a compact binary merger rather than from the death of a massive star and it was a site of a significant production of heavy r-process elements. The significant ejected mass favours a black hole–neutron star merger but a double neutron star merger cannot be ruled out. 1 Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China. 3 INAF/Brera Astronomical Observatory, via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. 4 Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. -
Noao Annual Report Fy07
AURA/NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007 Submitted to the National Science Foundation September 30, 2007 Revised as Final and Submitted January 30, 2008 Emission nebula NGC6334 (Cat’s Paw Nebula): star-forming region in the constellation Scorpius. This 2007 image was taken using the Mosaic-2 imager on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter- American Observatory. Intervening dust in the plane of the Milky Way galaxy reddens the colors of the nebula. Image credit: T.A. Rector/University of Alaska Anchorage, T. Abbott and NOAO/AURA/NSF NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007 Submitted to the National Science Foundation September 30, 2007 Revised as Final and Submitted January 30, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 NOAO Gemini Science Center .............................................................................. 2 GNIRS Infrared Spectroscopy and the Origins of the Peculiar Hydrogen-Deficient Stars...................... 2 Supermassive Black Hole Growth and Chemical Enrichment in the Early Universe.............................. 4 1.2 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO)................................................ 5 The Nearest Stars....................................................................................................................................... -
The Afterglows of Swift-Era Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
The Afterglows of Swift-era Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt dem Rat der Physikalisch-Astronomischen Fakult¨at der Friedrich-Schiller-Universit¨atJena eingereicht von Dipl.-Phys. David Alexander Kann geboren am 15.02.1977 in Trier Gutachter 1. Prof. Dr. Artie Hatzes, Th¨uringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg 2. Prof. Dr. J¨orn Wilms, Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049 Bamberg 3. PD Dr. Hans-Thomas Janka, Max-Planck-Institut fr Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching Tag der letzten Rigorosumspr¨ufung: 13. 07. 2011 Tag der ¨offentlichen Verteidigung: 13. 07. 2011 Zusammenfassung Das Ph¨anomen der Gammastrahlenausbr¨uche (Englisch: Gamma-Ray Bursts, kurz: GRBs) war auch lange nach ihrer Entdeckung vor ¨uber vier Jahrzehnten ein großes R¨atsel. Selbst heute, ¨uber ein Jahrzehnt seit Beginn der “Ara¨ der Nachgl¨uhen” (engl.: Afterglows) sind noch viele Fragen unbeantwortet. Das akzeptierte Bild, welches einen Großteil der Daten erkl¨aren kann ist, dass GRBs erzeugt werden, wenn ein massereicher Himmelsk¨orper (en- tweder ein Stern, der die Hauptreihe verlassen hat, oder miteinander verschmelzende kom- pakte Objekte) in kosmologischer Distanz zu einem schnell rotierenden Objekt kollabiert (ein Schwarzes Loch oder vielleicht ein kurzlebiger Magnetar), welches ultrarelativistische Materieausw¨urfe (sogenannte “Jets”) entlang der Polachse ausschleudert. Die interne Dissi- pation von Energie in dem Jet f¨uhrt zu kollimierter nicht-thermischer Strahlung bei hohen Energien (der eigentliche GRB), w¨ahrend Schockfronten, die bei der Interaktion des Jets mit der interstellaren Materie erzeugt werden, zu einem langlebigen abklingenden Afterglows f¨uhren. Die gesammelten physikalischen Prozesse, die die GRB-Emission beschreiben, werden als das Standard-Feuerballmodell bezeichnet. -
Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i at M¯Anoa Publications in Calendar Year 2013
Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai‘i at Manoa¯ Publications in Calendar Year 2013 Aberasturi, M., Burgasser, A. J., Mora, A., Reid, I. N., Barnes, J. E., & Privon, G. C. Experiments with IDEN- Looper, D., Solano, E., & Mart´ın, E. L. Hubble Space TIKIT. In ASP Conf. Ser. 477: Galaxy Mergers in an Telescope WFC3 Observations of L and T dwarfs. Evolving Universe, 89–96 (2013) Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 84, 939 (2013) Batalha, N. M., et al., including Howard, A. W. Planetary Albrecht, S., Winn, J. N., Marcy, G. W., Howard, A. W., Candidates Observed by Kepler. III. Analysis of the First Isaacson, H., & Johnson, J. A. Low Stellar Obliquities in 16 Months of Data. ApJS, 204, 24 (2013) Compact Multiplanet Systems. ApJ, 771, 11 (2013) Bauer, J. M., et al., including Meech, K. J. Centaurs and Scat- Al-Haddad, N., et al., including Roussev, I. I. Magnetic Field tered Disk Objects in the Thermal Infrared: Analysis of Configuration Models and Reconstruction Methods for WISE/NEOWISE Observations. ApJ, 773, 22 (2013) Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections. Sol. Phys., 284, Baugh, P., King, J. R., Deliyannis, C. P., & Boesgaard, A. M. 129–149 (2013) A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Eclipsing Short-Period Aller, K. M., Kraus, A. L., & Liu, M. C. A Pan-STARRS + Binary V505 Persei and the Origin of the Lithium Dip. UKIDSS Search for Young, Wide Planetary-Mass Com- PASP, 125, 753–758 (2013) panions in Upper Sco. Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 84, Beaumont, C. N., Offner, S. S. R., Shetty, R., Glover, 1038–1040 (2013) S. C. -
SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS of SN 2012Fr: a LUMINOUS, NORMAL TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA with EARLY HIGH-VELOCITY FEATURES and a LATE VELOCITY PLATEAU
The Astrophysical Journal, 770:29 (20pp), 2013 June 10 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/29 C 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF SN 2012fr: A LUMINOUS, NORMAL TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA WITH EARLY HIGH-VELOCITY FEATURES AND A LATE VELOCITY PLATEAU M. J. Childress1,2, R. A. Scalzo1,2,S.A.Sim1,2,3, B. E. Tucker1,F.Yuan1,2, B. P. Schmidt1,2,S.B.Cenko4, J. M. Silverman5, C. Contreras6,E.Y.Hsiao6, M. Phillips6, N. Morrell6,S.W.Jha7,C.McCully7, A. V. Filippenko4, J. P. Anderson8, S. Benetti9,F.Bufano10, T. de Jaeger8, F. Forster8, A. Gal-Yam11, L. Le Guillou12,K.Maguire13, J. Maund3, P. A. Mazzali9,14,15, G. Pignata10, S. Smartt3, J. Spyromilio16, M. Sullivan17, F. Taddia18, S. Valenti19,20, D. D. R. Bayliss1, M. Bessell1,G.A.Blanc21, D. J. Carson22,K.I.Clubb4, C. de Burgh-Day23, T. D. Desjardins24, J. J. Fang25,O.D.Fox4, E. L. Gates25,I.-T.Ho26, S. Keller1, P. L. Kelly4,C.Lidman27, N. S. Loaring28,J.R.Mould29, M. Owers27, S. Ozbilgen23,L.Pei22, T. Pickering28, M. B. Pracy30,J.A.Rich21, B. E. Schaefer31, N. Scott29, M. Stritzinger32,F.P.A.Vogt1, and G. Zhou1 1 Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; [email protected] 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) 3 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 4 Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA 5 Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA 6 Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile 7 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA 8 Departamento de Astronom´ıa, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile 9 INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy 10 Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda. -
Astrophysics and Cosmology
Copyright of the works in this eBook is vested with World Scientific Publishing. The following eBook is allowed for Solvay Institutes website use only and may not be resold, copied, further disseminated, or hosted on any other third party website or repository without the copyright holders' written permission. http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9953 For any queries, please contact [email protected]. ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH SOLVAY CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9953 ©World Scientific Publishing Company. For post on Solvay Institutes website only. No further distribution is allowed. 9953_9789814759175_tp.indd 1 8/3/16 4:58 PM December 12, 2014 15:40 BC: 9334 { Bose, Spin and Fermi Systems 9334-book9x6 page 2 This page intentionally left blank ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH SOLVAY CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9953 ©World Scientific Publishing Company. For post on Solvay Institutes website only. No further distribution is allowed. ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH SOLVAY CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9953 ©World Scientific Publishing Company. For post on Solvay Institutes website only. No further distribution is allowed. 9953_9789814759175_tp.indd 2 8/3/16 4:58 PM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.