AURA/NOAO ANNUAL REPORT

FY 2007

Submitted to the National Science Foundation September 30, 2007 Revised as Final and Submitted January 30, 2008

Emission nebula NGC6334 (Cat’s Paw Nebula): star-forming region in the constellation Scorpius. This 2007 image was taken using the Mosaic-2 imager on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter- American Observatory. Intervening dust in the plane of the Milky Way galaxy reddens the colors of the nebula. Image credit: T.A. Rector/University of Alaska Anchorage, T. Abbott and NOAO/AURA/NSF NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY

NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007 Submitted to the National Science Foundation September 30, 2007 Revised as Final and Submitted January 30, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ...... 2 1.1 NOAO Gemini Science Center ...... 2 GNIRS Infrared Spectroscopy and the Origins of the Peculiar Hydrogen-Deficient Stars...... 2 Supermassive Black Hole Growth and Chemical Enrichment in the Early Universe...... 4 1.2 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO)...... 5 The Nearest Stars...... 5 Electric Stars...... 6 A New Milky Way Satellite...... 6 The Nature of the Universe ...... 7 1.3 Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO)...... 7 Observing Programs Continue Broad Scientific and Educational Impact...... 7 2 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM ...... 9 2.1 The Gemini Telescopes—NOAO Gemini Science Center ...... 9 Support of U.S. Gemini Users and Proposers...... 9 Providing U.S. Scientific Input to Gemini...... 10 U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program ...... 10 Gemini 2007 Science Meeting...... 11 2.2 CTIO Telescopes...... 11 Blanco 4-m Telescope...... 11 Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope ...... 12 SMARTS Consortium and Other Small Telescopes...... 12 Blanco Instrumentation ...... 13 SOAR Instrumentation...... 13 2.3 KPNO Telescopes ...... 14 WIYN 3.5-m...... 14 Mayall 4-m...... 14 2.1-m...... 15 Relations with the Tohono O’odham Nation...... 15 VERITAS Project...... 16 Operations and Instrumentation Partnerships ...... 16 Deferred Maintenance and Modernization ...... 16 Site Protection...... 17 2.4 Community Access to the Independent Observatories ...... 17 MMT Observatory and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope...... 17 Keck and Magellan Telescopes...... 18

i NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

2.5 Joint NOAO-NASA Time Allocation ...... 18 2.6 NOAO Survey Programs...... 18 2.7 NOAO Data Products Program...... 18 Data Management System...... 19 Pipelines ...... 19 NEWFIRM support ...... 19 Operations ...... 20 Science Support Software...... 20 3 NOAO MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM...... 21 3.1 NOAO Instruments ...... 21 NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager (NEWFIRM)...... 21 SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM)...... 23 MONSOON Detector Controller ...... 24 4 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS...... 25 4.1 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Office (GSMTPO) ...... 25 Staffing...... 25 Web Site...... 25 GSMT Science Working Group (SWG)...... 25 ELT Development Support: AURA Proposal to NSF...... 26 ELT Development Support: TMT Design and Development...... 27 ELT Site Selection: Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope ...... 27 FY07 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff...... 27 4.2 Large-Aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) ...... 28 Telescope and Site ...... 28 Training and Development...... 28 Science Collaborations ...... 29 LSST D&D Education and Public Outreach (EPO) Program...... 29 4.3 National Virtual Observatory (NVO)...... 29 4.4 Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP)...... 30 4.5 Adaptive Optics Development Program (AODP)...... 31 UC Berkeley...... 31 CARA...... 32 Lawrence Livermore National Labs...... 33 Coherent Technology, Inc...... 33 5 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH...... 34 5.1 Educational Outreach (EO) ...... 34 Research Based Science Education (RBSE)...... 34 Spitzer Research Program for Teachers and Students ...... 35 Science Foundation Arizona: Astro BITS...... 35 Hands-On Optics...... 35 Science Foundation of Arizona: Expanding HOO in Arizona ...... 36 Project ASTRO...... 37 Family ASTRO...... 37 ASTRO-Chile ...... 38 GLOBE at Night...... 38

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Investigating Astronomy ...... 39 LSST D&D EPO Program...... 39 GSMT D&D EPO ...... 39 Tohono O’odham Outreach ...... 40 Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) ...... 40 Astronomy Education Review (AER) ...... 40 5.2 Public Outreach...... 41 Kitt Peak Visitor Center ...... 41 Other Public Outreach ...... 42 5.3 Media and Public Information ...... 44 Media Activity...... 45 Special Information Products...... 46 Image and Information Requests ...... 46 Web-Based Outreach...... 46 6 COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORK SERVICES...... 47 6.1 Tucson...... 47 6.2 Kitt Peak...... 47 6.3 NOAO South: La Serena & Cerro Tololo ...... 48 La Serena ...... 48 Cerro Tololo...... 49 Las Campanas...... 49

APPENDICES A NOAO Scientific Staff Activity B Scientific Staff Publications FY07 C Key Management and Scientific Personnel Changes D Publications Using Data from NOAO Telescopes E Observing Programs and Investigators—Semesters 2007A/B F New Organizational Partners and Collaborations in FY07 G Activities Encouraging Diversity within NOAO H Fourth Quarter Site Safety Report

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This year’s annual report tells two stories. The first is of a year of transition, following the NSF Senior Review and a serious effort to develop an implementation plan for the recommendations of that report. The second is of a year of continuation along the paths of many of the day-to-day NOAO activities. On the transition side, this report describes the dramatic change in the activities of NOAO’s GSMT effort, from a collaborator to a program office that represents the entire U.S. community. On the continuation side, this report includes the delivery of NEWFIRM, a new wide- field IR imager to be shared between the Mayall and Blanco telescopes and to carry out exciting new surveys. These two types of activities have, by necessity, become intertwined, because many of the same personnel are responsible for both, and because aspects of change and of continuation have affected every program. The fundamental product of NOAO is scientific results and accomplishments, by both the staff and the broad community. FY2007 has been an impressive year in that regard. From Gemini, we have new understanding of the evolutionary processes involved in white dwarf mergers as well as the first studies of elemental abundances in QSO emission-line regions out to z ~ 6. From CTIO, we have fundamental data on the census of nearby stars, a discovery of a new dwarf satellite of the Milky Way, and continuing efforts aimed at understanding dark energy. From Kitt Peak, we have a number of studies of dark matter, of higher redshift star-forming galaxies, and discovery of an ancient nova shell around the dwarf nova Z Cam. The reason that scientific discoveries continue is because the instrumentation on our facilities is improved and replaced regularly. Instrumentation news in this report includes the delivery of NEWFIRM, a 4096 × 4096 near-IR imager, that promises to be a state-of-the-art survey tool for projects ranging from stellar populations in local group galaxies to Lyman-alpha galaxies at z ~ 10. Following NEWFIRM in the pipeline, the community can look forward to SAM (the SOAR Adaptive Module), the Dark Energy Camera and the One Degree Imager, two wide-field optical imagers, and two new Gemini instruments (NICI and FLAMINGOS-2). The other new development that is related to new instrumentation and new observing capabilities is the development of the NOAO End-to-End (E2E) system, which will allow the distribution of raw and, in some cases, reduced data to the entire community after the proprietary period expires. This is a major step into the new era of the National Virtual Observatory and is an important precursor activity to LSST. NOAO continues to provide access to non-federally funded facilities through TSIP and continues to explore the evolution of that access—and other possible new programs–—with the perspective of a public-private system. This is becoming a more basic context for the entire NOAO program, and integration of this access within the NOAO time allocation process, including elements such as the NOAO Surveys Program and Joint NOAO-NASA time allocation, is an important part. Although much of the NOAO GSMT Program Office activity has been aimed at establishing a new role that is both helpful and viable, that effort was moving more smoothly and effectively by the end of the period of this report. The NOAO LSST effort has become a major component of the LSST project as it moves through the final stages of design and development and prepares for construction in the near future. NOAO’s outreach activities continue to be recognized as excellent world-wide, as indicated not only by the metrics presented in this report, but also by the identification of the NOAO outreach personnel to play a major role in the planning for the upcoming International Year of Astronomy. Of course, along with the accomplishments, there were also some setbacks this year, including the accidental partial destruction of GNIRS at Gemini South and the threat of a wildfire near Kitt Peak.

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1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

1.1 NOAO GEMINI SCIENCE CENTER

GNIRS Infrared Spectroscopy and the Origins of the Peculiar Hydrogen-Deficient Stars

The Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) conducted fascinating observations, presented in 2007, of a normally rare isotope of oxygen, 18O, in the atmospheres of two classes of unusual stars. The GNIRS spectra have provided the key clue in understanding the origins of these stars. The peculiar stars in question are the hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars and their variable cousins, the R Coronae Borealis (RCrB) stars. These particular stellar types are characterized by having almost no hydrogen, but quite large amounts of carbon. Two scenarios have been suggested to account for these chemically unusual classes of H-poor yet C-rich stars. In the first, it is postulated that in the normal transition from a luminous, cool asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star to its later planetary nebula stage, a final pulse of triple-alpha helium-burning occurs in a thin shell near the stellar surface, with the observable stellar atmosphere being polluted by the products of this burning. The combination of He-burning, to produce carbon, coupled to the mass loss of a hydrogen-rich envelope in the AGB-PN transition results in the C-rich and H-poor characteristics. In the second formation scenario, a binary system consisting of a carbon- oxygen white dwarf (CO-WD) and a helium white dwarf (He-WD) merge through a combination of magnetic braking and gravitational radiation. Such a white dwarf binary system results from the evolution of two normal low- to intermediate-mass stars in a relatively close binary system. The merging sequence would release large amounts of energy that would drive nuclear reactions that could produce 18O. Using GNIRS infrared spectra obtained from Gemini-South, G. Clayton (Louisiana State U.) and an international team of observational astronomers and nuclear astrophysicists detected significant enhancements of 18O in seven HdC and RCrB stars. The overabundances of 18O are enormous, being several hundred to a thousand times larger than in the Sun, when compared to the usually more abundant 16O isotope. The spectra showing the detection of 18O via molecular absorption from 12C18O is shown in Figure 1. This absorption is detected due to the isotopic shift from absorption due to what is usually the much more abundant 12C16O, which is also indicated in the figure. In modeling the two possible formation mechanisms, Clayton and collaborators conclude that the 18O can only survive in significant quantities as a result of the binary white dwarf merger picture. In the shell helium-burning pulse, the temperatures are so hot for such a length of time as to burn virtually all of the 18O to 22Ne. This work provides key data in attempts to understand the physics involved in white dwarf mergers. Studies of such mergers provide constraints on physical processes that occur in interacting binary systems containing white dwarfs. Interacting systems with one or more white dwarfs are interesting types of objects, as binaries with more massive white dwarfs are believed to be the source of supernovae of Type Ia (SN Ia). It is the type IA supernovae that first provided evidence for an accelerating universe. Thus, understanding more about interactions in white dwarf binaries is potentially significant in shedding light on the important SN Ia progenitor systems. The full paper can be found in The Astrophysical Journal (20 June 2007 issue) with authors G. Clayton, T. R. Geballe, F. Herwig, C. Fryer, and M. Asplund.

2 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

Figure 1: GNIRS spectra of HdC stars (top 3 and bottom 2) and RCrB stars (the 6 in the middle) with molecular absorption from CO indicated. The bandheads due to both 12C18O and 12C16O are indicated.

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Supermassive Black Hole Growth and Chemical Enrichment in the Early Universe

A set of infrared spectra obtained from both the Gemini-South and Gemini-North telescopes have been used by a team of astronomers from the U.S. and Germany, led by L. Jiang (U. Arizona, Steward Observatory), to study the kinematics and chemistry of some of the most distant and youngest known quasars. The six quasars observed are at redshifts ranging from z = 5.8 to 6.3 and correspond to a time when the universe was only about one billion years old. Using the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) at Gemini South and the Near-Infrared Imager and spectrograph (NIRI) at Gemini North, the team found these very young quasars to be already super-enriched in heavy elements. The quasars are also powered by extremely massive black holes. The Jiang et al. results cast new light on the assembly of black holes and the chemical enrichment of the universe less than one billion years after the Big Bang. Quasars are thought to be powered by radiation from matter accreting onto supermassive black holes at the center of host galaxies in the process of forming. Dense gas in the region surrounding the black hole moves at high velocities. It gives rise to a broad line region (BLR) in spectra that can be used as a diagnostic of several properties of the gas itself and of the central black hole. Chemical abundances in the BLR are important in understanding the history of star formation in the host galaxy. In particular, the ratio of iron (Fe) to the so-called “alpha elements,” such as oxygen or magnesium, is expected to have a strong correlation with the time since star formation began. Oxygen and magnesium (Mg), for example, are produced and ejected very quickly in massive stars, while iron comes from longer-lived binary sytems that give rise to supernovae of Type Ia (SN Ia). Hence, most Fe enrichment happens roughly a billion years after the initial formation of stars. Emission line ratios from Fe II and Mg II in the infrared spectrum of the quasars provide measurements of the chemical abundances of these elements in the quasar BLR. The abundances of heavy elements, such as Mg or Fe (characterizing the gas metallicity, Z) are found to be super-solar at Zquasar ~ 4 Zsun. The Fe II/Mg II ratio is also important in understanding chemical evolution in the early universe. Jiang et al. show that the metallicity in the BLRs of high redshift quasars is super-solar, and that there is no sign of strong evolution in metallicity between the local universe to z ~ 6 (Figure 2). The high metallicity found at this redshift indicates that extensive and Figure 2: Fe II/Mg II abundance as a function of redshift indicating no rapid star formation, followed by significant relative chemical evolution as a function of age, even as significant element enrichment, has far back as z ~ 6. occurred in quasar host galaxies in the first billion years after the big bang. The presence of very luminous high-redshift quasars in the early universe also betrays the rapid growth of black hole mass when the first generations of galaxies and quasars formed. The bulk motions of the broad-line region (BLR) are used to determine the mass of the central black hole. The full paper can be found in The Astronomical Journal (September 2007 issue) with authors L. Jiang, X. Fan, M. Vestergaard, J. D. Kurk, F. Walter, B. C. Kelly, and M. A. Strauss.

4 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

1.2 CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY (CTIO)

The Nearest Stars

The nearest star to the Sun is the faint M dwarf Proxima Centauri, a wide member of the alpha Centauri system. Although the census of nearby (within 10 parsecs) stars is complete for Sun-like and brighter stars, it is likely that many more faint red dwarfs remain to be discovered. None of these stars are visible to the naked eye but they are the dominant population by number and by mass in our galaxy. The RECONS (Research Consortium on Nearby Stars) group has been conducting a classical trigonometric parallax study to identify stars in the solar neighborhood. The survey uses the CTIO 0.9-m and 1.5-m telescopes within the SMARTS consortium and is led by T. Henry of Georgia State U. In the December 2006 issue of the Astronomical Journal, Henry et al. report on the identification of 25 new stars within 10 pc of the Sun. Most of these stars appear to be cool M dwarfs, but there are several L and T dwarfs, or brown dwarfs, stars that have never truly been able to sustain thermonuclear reactions in their interiors. The new stars amount to 16% of the total mass in the solar neighborhood. RECONS has also identified 33 new white dwarfs within 25 pc of the Sun (Subasavage et al. 2007), one of which may be within 10 pc. White dwarfs are faint, and a reasonably complete sample can only be drawn from the solar neighborhood. These local white dwarfs are important for constraining the underlying physics that govern the behavior of matter at high densities and for testing General Relativity.

Figure 3: The updated color magnitude diagram of the solar neighborhood. The new RECONS objects are marked as the larger filled circles.

5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Electric Stars

Polars are a class of cataclysmic variables containing a highly magnetic white dwarf and a low mass main sequence companion, usually a late-type star such as an M or a brown dwarf. The two stars form a close, interacting binary system, and orbital periods are very short, just a few hours. Chromospheric activity in late-type stars (i.e., starspots, prominences) tends to decline with age, as these stars are fully convective and cannot sustain the dynamo that powers the Sun’s magnetic field. However, the secondary stars in some polars show signs of very strong activity, despite their being relatively old. Over the past two years a group of astronomers led by Styliani Kafka (NOAO) has been observing four polars and has resolved this conundrum by discovering that the activity on the late-type companion is actually triggered by the white dwarf. The very strong magnetic field of the white dwarf acts like a giant alternator and induces Figure 4: An artist’s concept of activity induced in the secondary of an interacting binary by a white dwarf electric currents in the companion, which in companion with strong magnetic field. turn produce activity such as starspots and prominences.

A New Milky Way Satellite Standard galaxy formation models predict the existence of a large population of satellite galaxies around the Milky Way. However, it is well known that the Galaxy is orbited by no more than 20 dwarfs, much fewer than the about 400 postulated by theory. One solution to this problem is to assume that the fainter dwarfs are suppressed—they never formed large amounts of stars and are mostly dark. Belokurov et al. (2006) may have found something of this kind. They used the CTIO Blanco 4-m to obtain a deep color magnitude diagram of a candidate dwarf in Boötes. They find that this object is very faint, but is much more extended than a globular cluster. It falls below the region of Milky Way globular clusters in the Kormendy diagram (which plots central surface brightness vs. absolute magnitude). Boötes appears to be a new kind of dwarf galaxy, rather than a globular cluster, although it has a single Figure 5: Color-magnitude diagram of the new dwarf satellite from Blanco data (Belokurov, et al. 2006) together stellar population (Figure 5). The SEGUE with ridgelines for the metal poor galactic globular cluster collaboration has also found several other M92. examples of faint, extended objects with

6 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

luminosities typical of globular clusters but much more diffuse. It may suggest the existence of a new population of “galaxies,” which further fill the parameter space of the Kormendy diagram, and demonstrates that the census of faint companion galaxies to the Milky Way may still be seriously incomplete.

The Nature of the Universe

After five years of operation, the ESSENCE supernova survey is now nearing completion. ESSENCE is aimed at improving our understanding of Dark Energy, using wide-field images taken at the Blanco 4-m with the Mosaic camera. Most of the data are now on hand and the results are starting to appear. Wood-Vasey et al. show that, assuming a flat Universe and with priors from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations, the equation of state parameter (w) found is consistent with the dark energy being a cosmological constant (w = -1). The result is strengthened if the supernovae discovered by the similar (northern) sample from the SuperNova legacy Survey are included. The ESSENCE results are also useful for improving our knowledge of supernovae themselves and for refining their use as distance indicators. For instance Hsiao et al. have partly used the public ESSENCE data to derive K-corrections for Type Ia supernovae.

1.3 KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY (KPNO)

Observing Programs Continue Broad Scientific and Educational Impact

The telescopes of Kitt Peak National Observatory and of our sister observatories that share the lease to operate on Iolkam Duag (Kitt Peak) continue to have broad scientific and educational impact. Twenty- six telescopes currently operate on the mountain. These include those operated by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the National Solar Observatory, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, as well as many telescopes operated by individual and groups of universities. These facilities are used for basic astrophysical research and education. Those taught about the Universe range from the general public to students at all stages of their education. The students range in level from elementary through graduate school. They come from the Tohono O’odham Nation and from many countries around the world. The impact of the work enabled by Kitt Peak National Observatory continues to be broad and diverse. Kitt Peak telescopes continue to enable scientific results of the highest quality and at a rate comparable or higher than their larger 8-m cousins. For the past four years, KPNO publications have surpassed 145 refereed publications every year. The range of topics studied is extremely broad, ranging from the study of comets to the discovery of the most distant radio-loud quasar in the Universe (Cyanogen Jets and the Rotation Sate of Comet Machholz (C/2004 Q2)—Farnham, T. L. et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2001; Ground-based Visible and Near-IR Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 During the Deep Impact Encounter—Knight, M. M. et al. 2007, Icarus, 187, 199; Discovery of a z=6.1 Radio- Loud Quasar in the NDWFS—McGreer, I. D. et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 157; Mid-Infrared Selection of Brown Dwarfs and High-Redshift Quasars—Stern et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 677). The study of dark matter, first discovered in normal galaxies with the help of NOAO telescopes (Rubin and Ford 1970; Rubin, Thonnard, and Ford 1980), continues to be an area of active study for researchers using KPNO facilities. Major results in 2007 included a detailed Mayall 4-m (imaging) and Keck (spectroscopy) study of the Leo I dwarf spheroidal galaxy that found less dark matter than previously associated with this galaxy (Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars. X. Extended Dark Matter or Tidal Disruption?—Sohn, S. T. et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 960). KPNO telescopes often support space-based studies of dark matter, as they did with the COSMOS Survey’s reported three dimensional map of the mass distribution in a large volume of the nearby Universe (Dark Matter Maps Reveal Cosmic Scaffolding—Massey, P. et al. 2007, Nature, 445, 286).

7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

The combination of KPNO optical and near-IR imaging data over large fields coupled with Spitzer Space Telescope mid-IR imaging continues to provide new insights in the study of galaxy evolution and the role of mergers in the mass assembly history of galaxies (e.g., The Role of Galaxy Interactions and Mergers in Star Formation at z<=1.3: Mid-Infrared Properties in the Spitzer First Look Survey—Bridge, C. R. et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 931; The Evolving Luminosity Function of red Galaxies—Brown, M. J. I. et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 858). When these kinds of data sets are compared with theoretical simulations of galaxies and their satellite galaxies in a dark matter dominated Universe, even stronger constraints can be placed on the relative importance of mergers in the evolution of the properties of galaxies (Evidence for Merging or Disruption of Red Galaxies from the Evolution of Their Clustering—White, M. et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, L69). Even the smallest telescope on which KPNO regularly offers observing time is still making contributions worthy of publication in Nature, as the discovery of an ancient Nova Shell around the Dwarf Nova Z Camelopardalis demonstrated (Shara, M. M. et al. 2007, Nature, 446, 159). Using groundbased images taken with the KPNO MOSAIC-1 camera on the WIYN 0.9-m telescope and UV images from the GALEX spacecraft, the newly revealed nova shell observationally links the prototypical dwarf nova Z Camelopardalis with the classical nova process. Previously completed NOAO Surveys continue to yield results at a high rate. For example, the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey, a large optical and near-IR imaging survey that completed data collection in 2003 and whose Boötes Field data products were released in 2004, has contributed to more than 60 refereed publications (http://www.noao.edu/noao/noaodeep/ndwfspublications.html). The educational impact of the operations on Kitt Peak continued at a high level of quality and activity. The KPNO telescopes supported more than 25 Ph.D. programs during FY07, including travel and observing expenses in addition to the observing time. The non-NOAO observatories on the mountain supported many others. Groups of students from all over the country, including the Santa Rosa School of the Tohono O’odham Nation and the Tohono O’odham Community College, took advantage of the PAEO nighttime observing program (three telescopes available each night) during FY07.

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2 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

2.1 THE GEMINI TELESCOPES—NOAO GEMINI SCIENCE CENTER

Support of U.S. Gemini Users and Proposers

The NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC) supports the U.S. community’s access to the International Gemini Observatory’s two 8.1-m telescopes. This support work includes informing the U.S. community of Gemini observing opportunities, answering questions about all aspects of Gemini from U.S. proposers and users, performing technical reviews for all Gemini proposals submitted to the NOAO TAC, providing assistance with U.S. Phase-II submissions for programs selected for Gemini telescope time, interfacing with Gemini on the implementation of U.S. programs, and providing certain types of operational support for Gemini. Observing opportunities on Gemini South were affected by a serious accident involving GNIRS in April 2007. The accident forced GNIRS out of service for the rest of 2007, and the NOAO infrared spectrograph Phoenix, which had been removed from the Gemini-South telescope in March 2007 (after having been a visiting instrument since 2002), was returned to the telescope. NOAO and NGSC helped to arrange the return of Phoenix to Gemini South, where it will remain available to the Gemini user community at least through the end of 2008A. The loss of GNIRS led to the need for a “Special Call” for replacement proposals to be submitted to replace GNIRS time requested for 2007B. The time from the Special Call deadline, through TAC ranking, selection, and being made ready for implementation on the Gemini-South telescope was unusually short and required special efforts from NOAO/NGSC staff, NOAO TAC members, and Gemini staff. However, the entire process went smoothly and all of the GNIRS time was replaced by TReCS, Phoenix, and GMOS-South programs. The U.S. community continued to show a strong demand for Gemini observing time, with 136 proposals to Gemini North in 2007B and 133 proposals to Gemini South. The total time requested was 166 nights on Gemini North and 210 nights on Gemini South, resulting in oversubscription factors of 2.6 for the north and 4.8 for the south. The proposals submitted to Gemini North consisted of 48 for GMOS-North, 31 for NIRI, 12 for NIFS, 15 for Michelle, and 13 for TEXES. The Gemini North total also included time trades with Keck and Subaru, with 11 proposals submitted for HIRES on Keck, and 1 and 5 proposals for SuprimeCam and MOIRCS, respectively, on Subaru. The NIRI and NIFS proposals included requests to use the Altair AO system, with 16 of the NIRI and 9 of the NIFS programs requesting AO. Of these AO proposals, 8 requested the Laser Guide Star (LGS) for a total of 16 requested nights using the laser. The Gemini South proposals contained 35 for GMOS-South, 38 for TReCS, and 38 for Phoenix. As the GNIRS accident occurred after the 2007B deadline for proposal submission, there were also 22 programs submitted for GNIRS. The Gemini observing process requires the submission of a Phase-II file once an observing program is approved. NGSC staff perform reviews of all U.S. program Phase-II submissions. The Phase-II file must describe an observation completely and error free, since the commands in this file are uploaded directly to the telescope and instrument when the observation is executed; any errors in the execution would result in lost telescope time. Few users submit a correct Phase-II initially, so this critical and complex process usually requires multiple iterations and communications between the NGSC staff contact and the program PI. NGSC organized a booth for the January 2007 AAS meeting held in Seattle, Washington. The booth featured displays on how to propose for Gemini observing time, details of all of the available instruments, and tutorials by NGSC staff with users on preparing Phase-II programs. Numerous users and other astronomers visited the booth and interacted with the NGSC staff. A meeting of all of the partner National Gemini Offices (NGO) was held in Iguaçu, Brazil on 15 June 2007; the meetings are held every 18 months, and this was the third such meeting of all of the NGO

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offices. This particular meeting followed directly the second Gemini Science and Users meeting held at the same location over the four previous days. The NGO meeting focused primarily on technical discussions concerning Gemini instruments, software, observing, data reduction, and user support. The U.S. NGO was represented at the meeting by NGSC staff and V. Smith (Director, NGSC), who gave a presentation titled “How can we help users produce Gemini science?” NGSC provided observing support and maintenance for the NOAO-built Phoenix high- resolution infrared spectrograph on Gemini South. Phoenix was used in classical-only mode, with support astronomers provided by NGSC (staff members K. Hinkle, R. Blum, and V. Smith provided Phoenix support in FY07 for 27 nights from October 2006 to March 2007). Phoenix was removed from Gemini South in March 2007; however, the loss of GNIRS in April 2007 resulted in Phoenix being returned to the telescope in May 2007. During its continued use on Gemini South at least through the end of 2008A, Phoenix will be operated in queue mode, along with other Gemini instruments. NGSC staff members K. Hinkle and V. Smith helped train Gemini astronomers at the telescope so that Gemini now supports the continued use of Phoenix on Gemini South. In addition to the Phoenix nights, NGSC staff spent 64 nights visiting Gemini telescopes in 2006B and 2007A. In an AURA Observatory Council initiated review of the NOAO TAC process, V. Smith attended the ad hoc committee’s meeting on 9 November in Pasadena and gave a presentation on how U.S. Gemini proposals are handled by the NOAO TAC.

Providing U.S. Scientific Input to Gemini

The U.S. Gemini Science Advisory Committee (SAC), which serves as NGSC’s community-based advisory committee met in Tucson on 4–5 October. V. Smith briefed the SAC on the status of the Gemini telescopes and instruments, the U.S. instrumentation effort, and current scientific and technical issues. In addition, future observational and scientific opportunities on Gemini were discussed, while the SAC considered how the priorities of the U.S. community should be presented to the Gemini leadership. The current SAC membership can be found at www.noao.edu/usgp/staff.html. Two members of this group also serve on the NOAO Users’ Committee, which met in Tucson on 5–6 October (with a morning session overlap between the SAC and Users’ Committee), while three SAC members served on the Gemini Science Committee (GSC). The GSC met twice in FY07, the first time in Hilo from 25–26 October and again on 23–24 April in Tucson. V. Smith represented NOAO/NGSC at both meetings. In preparation for the April GSC meeting and May Gemini Board meeting, V. Smith organized a meeting of U.S. Gemini Board and U.S. GSC members, as well as NSF representatives, on 19 April in Chicago. The Gemini Operations Working Group (OpsWG) met twice in FY07, first in La Serena on 30–31 January and again in Melborune, Australia on 30–31 July. V. Smith represented the United States at both meetings and serves as the current chair of this committee.

U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program

There are two components to the U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program. One component consists of instruments being built or designed by NOAO for use on Gemini. These projects are discussed in the Major Instrumentation Program section of this report. The other component is U.S. Gemini instruments being built at other U.S. institutions under an AURA contract awarded by NOAO, with NGSC technical and managerial oversight. FY07 progress on two such instruments is described below.

ƒ NICI: the Near Infrared Coronagraphic Imager provides 1- to 5-micron dual-beam coronagraphic imaging capability on the Gemini-South telescope. Mauna Kea Infrared (MKIR) in Hilo built NICI, under the leadership of D. Toomey. In early FY07, NICI passed its acceptance testing and was shipped to Gemini South. NICI underwent its first light and initial commissioning on the telescope in January 2007, with a second commissioning run in

10 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

June 2007. It is anticipated that the NICI Campaign Science program will begin later in 2007B, with NICI available as a facility instrument in 2008A.

ƒ FLAMINGOS-2: the near-infrared multi-object spectrograph and imager for the Gemini- South telescope. FLAMINGOS-2 will image a 6.1-arcminute field in imaging mode and will provide a 6.1×2-arcminute field for multi-object spectroscopy. It can also be used with the Gemini-South Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system. Under the leadership of PI S. Eikenberry, U. Florida is building FLAMINGOS-2. In FY07, FLAMINGOS-2 underwent total integration and testing. It is expected that FLAMINGOS-2 will undergo acceptance testing towards the end of semester 2007B, with shipment to Gemini South in 2008A. As FY07 nears its end, the overall FLAMINGOS-2 project is 96% complete.

Gemini 2007 Science Meeting From 11–13 June 2007, more than 130 astronomers and staff from the seven-country Gemini partnership converged on Foz da Iguaçu, Brazil to attend the Second Gemini Science meeting. This second science meeting, a follow-on to the first held in Vancouver B.C., Canada in May 2004, was held to discuss current results, capabilities, and future research and collaborations related specifically to Gemini. The Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (LNA), acting as the Brazilian National Gemini Office, was responsible for the local organization of the meeting. Foz de Iguaçu was chosen as the meeting place because it combined an attractive location with excellent infrastructure for international conventions. The Scientific Organizing Committee worked under the lead of V. Smith (NOAO/NGSC). The 60 oral talks and about 45 posters covered all major themes of current forefront astrophysical research. Several specific Gemini tools like mid-infrared capabilities and the several integral field units for spectroscopic mapping (especially when fed by adaptive optics), were highlighted by a number of spectacular results presented at the meeting. These results demonstrate the extreme power these capabilities deliver on 8-m telescopes optimized for infrared observations and high spatial resolution. A one-day Users’ Meeting that focused on Gemini’s current observational capabilities, future instruments and opportunities, data reduction, and other user-related issues followed the three-day science meeting. The meeting was well attended, with over 100 participants, and was filled with numerous lively and productive discussions.

2.2 CTIO TELESCOPES

FY07 efforts were concentrated in four areas: (1) operating the Blanco telescope with a suite of wide-field instruments and planning enhanced operations support, and upgrades; (2) operating SOAR with two instruments while continuing engineering activities; (3) advancing the Dark Energy Survey (DES) project; and (4) facilitating operations of the small telescopes by the SMARTS II consortium.

Blanco 4-m Telescope The Blanco telescope has performed reliably throughout FY07, following a major engineering shutdown in FY06, during which the primary mirror edge supports were repaired, re-positioned, and in four cases replaced. Satisfactory progress was made on several fronts relating to the Dark Energy Survey (DES) project, which plans to conduct a 5000-square-degree imaging survey on the Blanco telescope starting in late 2010, using 30% of the observing time for five years to carry out a four-pronged project to study dark energy. The 500-Gpixel CCD camera (the Dark Energy Camera, DECam) and its data

11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

system would also be available as a facility instrument for NOAO users. During FY07, the design and development phase continued, while the whole project, end-to-end, was positively reviewed by both NSF and DOE. The glass for the large five-element optical corrector, the critical path item, was ordered. Several milestones were passed, including achieving the noise-speed technical requirement for reading out the LBL fully-depleted CCDs. The NOAO-developed MONSOON controllers will be used for DECam, in addition to other instruments including NEWFIRM, to be shared between the Mayall and Blanco telescopes, and ODI at WIYN. With increased funding for CTIO telescope upgrades and maintenance, as a result of the recommendations made by the NSF Senior Facilities Review, a plan was formulated to provide better technical and scientific support for telescope operations, and to attend to deferred maintenance, restocking of spares, and several other spares issues. In particular, a project to replace the Telescope Control System (TCS) for the Blanco telescope was initiated. The new TCS will be a derivative of that used at SOAR and is of similar design to the TCS being developed for LSST.

Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope

During FY07, characterization and commissioning of telescope systems continued, in conjunction with scheduling for science at the 50% level, arranged as two-week blocks each month, centered on New Moon. The project to replace the primary mirror lateral supports with fully active mechanisms, reported on in FY06, was completely successful. The telescope image quality matches that of the site seeing monitor, with best optical images between 0.4 and 0.5 arc seconds and best images in the IR K band of 0.21 arc seconds. The primary mirror now stays fully tuned for periods of at least one hour. The two NOAO-provided instruments, SOI and OSIRIS, have been used for the scheduled science programs. The total downtime due to technical failure of either telescope or instruments was a commendably low 3%.

SMARTS Consortium and Other Small Telescopes The Small and Moderate Aperture Telescope Research System (SMARTS) consortium completed its first year of operation as SMARTS II in December 2006. The instrument complement and operations mode remains an attractive complement of imagers and spectrographs with classical, service, and queue operational modes available. The 1.5-m telescope can be deployed with either the wide-field U. Montreal IR Imager CPAPIR or the RC Spectrograph; all other telescopes have fixed instrumentation. NOAO users averaged 25% of the scheduled time on the 0.9-m, 1.0-m, 1.3-m, and 1.5-m telescopes over the course of FY07. U. North Carolina Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) project consists of six small telescopes that rapidly follow-up gamma-ray bursts discovered by the SWIFT satellite and subsequently trigger a target-of-opportunity interrupt at SOAR. At other times, the telescopes will make observations as part of an extensive education and outreach program in North Carolina. Full science operations for four of the telescopes began at the start of FY06, and the facility has successfully made GRB follow-up observations during this time. An IR imager and a polarimeter will be installed on the remaining two telescopes in early FY08 U.S. institutions operate two other telescopes on Cerro Tololo. U. Michigan operates the 0.6/0.9- m Curtis Schmidt telescope, which is used part-time in a NASA-funded project to catalog space debris in geosynchronous orbits. The SARA Corporation reached an agreement with Lowell Observatory to roboticize the 0.4-m Lowell telescope, and a technical analysis was undertaken. Discussions were held with several other U.S. institutions regarding siting of facilities on Cerro Tololo, in particular the WHAM project (lead institution U. Wisconsin), and Las Cumbres Observatory. CTIO continued to host a Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) station; the Swarthmore Robotic Survey camera; the PICASSO project, operated by U. Illinois to study the Earth’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere; and a lunar scintillometer and transient camera belonging to the ALPACA project (lead institution Columbia U.).

12 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

Blanco Instrumentation

ƒ Mosaic 2: The Mosaic imager at prime focus continues to be the most popular Blanco instrument, being scheduled for just under 50 percent of the observing time. It remains the pre-eminent wide-field optical imaging camera-telescope combination in the Southern Hemisphere.

ƒ ISPI: The Infrared Side Port Imager, in use at the Blanco for the last five years, remains the widest field large-telescope IR imager in the Southern Hemisphere, covering 10.25 arc minutes square with 0.33-arc-second-per-pixel sampling at 1–2.4 microns. This complements the small-field, high angular resolution near-IR imaging capability soon to be available at SOAR, and the infrared spectroscopic instrumentation at Gemini South.

ƒ HYDRA-CTIO: HYDRA is the third Blanco wide-field instrument; it can be installed concurrently with Mosaic and ISPI. Regular maintenance in FY07 has maintained a satisfactory level of reliability of this complex instrument.

ƒ RC Spectrograph: This spectrograph, still very popular, was scheduled in severely blocked mode in FY07. The RC spectrograph is to be retired when the SOAR Goodman spectrograph enters full operation, which is not expected until semester 2008B. This retirement will allow the Blanco telescope to be operated with three fixed instruments.

SOAR Instrumentation

ƒ Optical Imager: Built at CTIO, this instrument has been regularly used on SOAR for commissioning and science activities. Various improvements were reported in FY06. At the start of FY07, the triplet lens elements were found to be de-bonded; it is speculated that this was a result of a power-failure during a winter storm and consequent low in-dome temperatures. The center element of calcium fluoride has a much higher thermal expansion coefficient than the two outer lenses. Re-bonding was carried out with an improved process, and the triplet has remained intact so far throughout the present winter, despite it being the harshest for 40 years.

ƒ OSIRIS: The Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrometer, which is fitted with a CTIO 1K × 1K Rockwell HgCdTe array, was moved to SOAR after several years of use on the Blanco telescope and successfully commissioned in FY05. It provides both an imaging and a modest-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy (up to R=3000) for the NOAO and SOAR community. OSIRIS has been in regular use for science operations during FY07.

ƒ Other SOAR Instruments: A new detector system with Fairchild 4K CCD was purchased by SOAR partner U. North Carolina late in FY06 to be used with the Goodman spectrograph, following no science-grade CCDs being delivered to SOAR as the result of a Lincoln Labs foundry run. Problems with some of the optics have delayed resumption of commissioning the spectrograph until early FY08. Commissioning of the Michigan State U. 4K×4K IR imager SPARTAN was also delayed until early FY08, after a variety of delays during the test phase. The NOAO high-resolution IR spectrograph Phoenix was expected to move from Gemini to SOAR in late FY07, but now this move is not expected to happen until late FY08. The Brazilian-built Integral-Field-Unit spectrograph SIFS is not expected to arrive at SOAR before FY09.

13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

ƒ SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM): This instrument is being built at CTIO as part of the NOAO Major Instrumentation program, and is described in that section.

2.3 KPNO TELESCOPES

FY07 saw major work continue on new instruments for the observatory. For WIYN, highlights include progress on three new imaging instruments and an upgrade of its main spectrograph. For the Mayall 4-m, preparations for the arrival of a major new near-IR imager were completed, and the instrument saw first light. Efforts continued to improve communication with the Tohono O’odham Nation, the hosts for our observatory, including an increase in coordinated outreach activities. The effort to preserve dark skies continued at both the local and federal level. We have also begun the process of addressing issues of deferred maintenance, renewing the staffing of the observatory, and modernizing some of our oldest systems.

WIYN 3.5-m During FY07, QUOTA and WHIRC both saw first light and began the process of becoming new facility instruments. QUOTA is the prototype for the technology being developed for the One Degree Imager (ODI), scheduled for commissioning in 2010. QUOTA makes use of orthogonal transfer CCDs, allowing zonal fast guiding on-chip. Development of this technology is by WIYN Director G. Jacoby, D. Harbeck (Project Scientist for ODI), and their colleagues in the PanSTARRS project, led by J. Tonry of the U. Hawaii. These orthogonal transfer arrays of CCDs will enable superb delivered image quality over a wide field. A combination of WIYN partner funding and award from the NSF (ATI and TSIP programs) has provided the necessary funding to deploy QUOTA and continue the progress on ODI. While the main reason to build QUOTA was to enable on-schedule construction of ODI, once QUOTA has been fully commissioned, it will replace the aging imager Mini-Mo. The WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC) saw first light during the summer of 2007. M. Meixner and collaborators at STScI, The Johns Hopkins University, U. Wisconsin, and NOAO built this high spatial resolution near-IR imager for WIYN. Commissioning of WHIRC integrated with the WIYN Tip/Tilt Module (WTTM) will be undertaken during FY08. Proposals for shared risk observing during semester 2008A are being accepted. WIYN continued to upgrade the Bench Spectrograph. Led by M. Bershady (U. Wisconsin), P. Knezek (WIYN), and M. Hunten (NOAO/MIP), this major upgrade to improve system throughput and sensitivity is currently scheduled for completion in FY08. The total system throughput will be improved as a result of the upgrade. DENSPAK, an integral field front end for the Bench Spectrograph that was originally built as a proof of concept for future instruments, was retired after many years of productive service. A large number of maintenance and repair projects were conducted during FY07 in order to continue the high level of operations expected from the most modern telescope on Kitt Peak. Included among the many tasks of a late summer shutdown was the successful recoating of the primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors.

Mayall 4-m

Work to prepare the Mayall 4-m telescope for the arrival of the wide-field near-IR imager NEWFIRM in early 2007 was successfully completed on schedule. NEWFIRM (PI R. Probst) had two successful commissioning runs at the Mayall during 2007. This new instrument brings a powerful near-IR survey capability to NOAO’s 4-m telescopes. Mounting this large instrument on the Mayall required a new Cass Cage bottom to be constructed as well as the fabrication of a handling cart for installing the instrument on the telescope. KPNO engineering also was heavily involved in the design, fabrication,

14 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

and testing of the guider for NEWFIRM. Proposals for shared risk observing were accepted in March of 2007 and our first visiting astronomers will use NEWFIRM during semester 2008B. During a late summer shutdown of the Mayall, a dome skirt was repaired and other general maintenance issues were addressed. Additional maintenance work was performed during the year. A new cooling station, necessary for NEWFIRM as well as several other instruments, is under design and will be built during FY07.

2.1-m

The oldest telescope that KPNO still operates, the 2.1-m, is becoming a test-bed for some of our newest instruments. IRMOS and FLAMINGOS, two near-IR spectrographs that were used to develop pioneering new technologies now being used in new instruments for 8-m telescopes and space observatories, were extensively commissioned and tested at the 2.1-m. D. Figer (RIT) has used the 2.1-m to test the on-sky performance of silicon pin-diode detectors, devices being considered for the LSST. A. Szymkowiak and his colleagues at Yale have used the 2.1-m to commission a new high-throughput optical spectrograph being considered for future use with the WIYN 3.5-m. While developing new technologies for astronomy, these groups have been able to use the 2.1-m to undertake astronomical research and involve students in the process of developing the next generation of astronomical instrumentation. J. Ge and his U. Florida colleagues are further examples of this use of the 2.1-m. Ge and his colleagues have had several successful science runs with their innovative, high-precision, radial velocity, fiber-fed, bench spectrograph. The optics project a fringe pattern from a Michelson interferometer at nearly right angles to the absorption features on the widened stellar spectrum. The recorded phase of the interference fringes is then extremely sensitive to small velocity shifts. The Florida team has been able to obtain 3.5-m/s repeatability, following a series of upgrades that provided significantly improved thermal stability. Very high throughput was achieved by acquisition of a larger diameter collimator and by implementing both beams of the interferometer. Use of the instrument on the 2.1-m now provides stable measurements on stars of 8th and 9th magnitude. During FY07, public programs were able to make use of this exciting instrument through an agreement between KPNO and U. Florida. The next step in improving long-term stability is to provide an interferometer with full passive thermal compensation, very similar to the design used in the GONG network. The Exoplanet Tracker will continue to be available to NOAO visiting astronomers in FY08.

Relations with the Tohono O’odham Nation

Improving communication between the Tohono O’odham Nation and the observatory continues to be a major focus of the KPNO Director’s Office and the PAEO. We are working to build on our strong relationships with many segments of the Nation’s government to further our mutual interests. We hosted and supported the 2007 Summer Horse Camp of the Boys and Girls Club of Sells, hosted nighttime observing sessions of school children and adults from the Nation, and supported the educational programs of PAEO. We worked closely with representatives of the Tohono O’odham Natural Resources Office as they work to better understand the ecology of Kitt Peak, known as Iolkam Duag to many of the Tohono O’odham Nation. We continued to work successfully with the Tohono O’odham Department of Public Safety, as evidenced by our joint success in dealing with the threat of the Alambre wildfire in July 2007. B. Jannuzi and J. Dunlop attended the inaugural ceremony held for Chairman Ned Norris, Jr., and Vice Chairman Isidro B. Lopez, August 3, 2007. We will continue to work with the leaders of the Tohono O’odham as we further the mission of NOAO and KPNO, while respecting the land, culture, and people of the Tohono O’odham Nation.

15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

VERITAS Project

The scientific goal of VERITAS is to detect and characterize the extremely-high-energy gamma-rays that are produced by quasars, supernova explosions, and other compact objects by the optical flashes emitted when the gamma-ray photons smash into the Earth’s atmosphere. This project, which received high priority in the astronomy decadal survey, is led by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (PI T. Weekes), and includes a consortium of universities: Purdue, Iowa State, Washington at St. Louis, Chicago, Utah, UCLA, McGill, Dublin in Ireland, and Leeds in the U.K. The U.S. partners are funded by the Smithsonian Institution, DOE, and NSF. The observatory was designed to consist of four to seven 12-m (36-foot) optical imaging telescopes, each with 315 mirror segments, and a 3.5-deg field of view. The final array configuration is planned to be a filled hexagon with sides of 265 ft. The initially funded configuration consists of four telescopes. The telescope array does not need access to the horizons, but does need protection from ground-level lights. The project identified a bowl area, Horseshoe Canyon, suitable for placing the telescopes, support structures, and control building. After receiving approval to sub-lease a dedicated site of ~20 acres and beginning site preparation and telescope construction, work was halted by the NSF and DOE in summer 2005, in voluntary response to a subsequently dismissed lawsuit by the Tohono O’odham Nation requesting a halt to construction. The NSF decided to have a new Environmental Assessment and a Cultural Resources Report prepared. Both of these important efforts are now complete. The Cultural Resources Report found that significant negative cultural impact would occur if the VERITAS project were to be brought into operation on Kitt Peak. As part of the Section 106 consultation process, the NSF began discussions with Chairwomen Vivian Juan-Saunders and other representatives of the Tohono O’odham Nation to see if a mutually satisfactory path forward for the completion of the project might be possible. A government-to-government meeting was held at the Schuk Toak District Office in January 2006. At this meeting (attended by the acting KPNO director), the NSF expressed its appreciation for the concerns of the people of the Tohono O’odham Nation and its desire to identify mitigation measures that might be of interest to the people and government of the Tohono O’odham Nation. During a subsequent meeting of the Tohono O’odham Legislative Council in May 2006, the NSF presented a mitigation plan for the Nation to consider. A response from the Tohono O’odham Nation to the written version of this plan was anticipated in October 2006, but was not received until December 2006. The Nation rejected the mitigation plan and repeated their preference that VERITAS not be constructed on Kitt Peak. In January of 2007, the NSF proceeded to terminate Section 106 discussions. VERITAS has now seen “first light” with its four telescopes in operation at the Whipple Observatory base facility near Mount Hopkins in southern Arizona. A decision on the final location of VERITAS is still pending.

Operations and Instrumentation Partnerships During FY07, the Mayall 4-m operations partnership with Clemson U. and the instrumentation partnership with U. Maryland both continued successfully. Clemson used their guaranteed observing time to further the research activities of their faculty and students, including several groups of undergraduates that participated in their first astronomical research activities. The partnership with U. Maryland, through both their cash contributions and software expertise, helped ensure the successful “first light” of NEWFIRM and is now furthering the development of ODI for the WIYN 3.5-m.

Deferred Maintenance and Modernization The recommendations of the NSF’s Senior Review, reported in November of 2006, have led to an increased emphasis on addressing issues of deferred maintenance and modernization at KPNO and CTIO. During the end of FY07, KPNO made an assessment of the health and status of our joint infrastructure on the mountain and of each of our telescopes. The inspections and planning have led to

16 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

the identification of significant repairs to be undertaken during the next five years, as well as projects designed to improve the quality of the capabilities we offer to our user community. We have also started to hire a new generation of technicians and engineers, so that they might be trained in how to run a state-of-the-art observatory by the time the generation that built and developed KPNO during its first 50 years of operation has retired. We have hired a new detector/electrical engineer and a new mechanical designer. We are actively recruiting for a new technical associate on the mountain, a new electronics maintenance technician, and a servo/electrical engineer. These new hires, along with new scientific staff hires being made by NOAO during FY08, will provide the necessary additional people-power to undertake more ambitious modernization and new instrumentation projects in the years ahead.

Site Protection

The rapid growth of the Tucson metropolitan area requires a proactive approach to minimize the impact of light pollution on the operation of the observatory. In FY07, the acting KPNO director, B. Jannuzi made appearances at various government meetings to speak on behalf of protecting the night skies with enforcement of existing lighting codes. Jannuzi was appointed by the City of Tucson and Pima County to their respective Outdoor Lighting Code Committees in 2005 and continued to serve on these committees in FY07. Working together with other “dark skies” advocates and local citizen groups, Jannuzi worked toward a successful legal settlement (finalized in August 2006) of several long- standing disputes between Pima County and Clear Channel Outdoor, the major owner and operator of billboards in the Tucson area. In FY07, the same group worked to monitor compliance to the terms of the agreement. A major benefit of this settlement is that all of the lighting of Clear Channel’s billboards will be brought into compliance with the outdoor lighting code. Jannuzi also chaired a meeting between the U.S. Border Patrol and the tenant observatories on Kitt Peak to facilitate communication between these groups over the possible impact on astronomy of proposed permanent border patrol check points in southern Arizona. These efforts to keep the environment for astronomy as healthy as possible in southern Arizona will continue in FY08.

2.4 COMMUNITY ACCESS TO THE INDEPENDENT OBSERVATORIES

NOAO continues to coordinate the time allocation process for telescope time that is made available to the broad community on the large, private telescopes through the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) and its predecessor, the Facility Instrumentation Program (FIP).

MMT Observatory and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope

In the late 1990s, NSF’s Facility Instrumentation Program granted instrument funds to groups associated with the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). In return, the MMT Observatory agreed to schedule 162 nights at a nominal rate of 26 nights per year, and the HET agreed to carry out observations equivalent to 101 clear nights at a nominal rate of 17 nights per year for telescope programs approved by NOAO’s Time Allocation Committee (TAC). NOAO’s role in this program is limited to the time allocation and community interface activities. In semesters 2007A/B, NOAO received 22 proposals for time on the MMT, with requests totaling 47 nights. Overall, this amounts to an oversubscription rate of about 2. Ten of these 22 proposals were granted time. Seventeen proposals for time on the HET were received in the two 2007 semesters, requesting a total of 28.6 nights. This amounts to an oversubscription rate of about 1.9 over the time available. Nine of these proposals were granted some or all of the time requested.

17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Keck and Magellan Telescopes

NOAO’s role in TSIP includes not only the distribution of telescope time, but also the management of the annual TSIP proposal peer-review process and oversight of the instrument development activities of successful proposers. Those aspects of the program are discussed in Section 4.4 of this Annual Report. In both 2007 semesters, time from TSIP awards was available to the community on the Keck and Magellan telescopes. In 2007A and 2007B, four nights were available on each of the Keck 10-m telescopes in each semester. For those semesters, a total of 75 proposals requesting 109.5 nights were received. The resulting over-subscription rate was about 9.1. Twelve of these observing proposals were granted time on one of the Keck telescopes. In each of the 2007 semesters, there were 5 nights available for the two Magellan telescopes combined, thus a total of 10 nights in 2007. NOAO received 16 proposals requesting a total of 33 nights, an oversubscription rate of 3.3. Five of these proposals were granted time.

2.5 JOINT NOAO-NASA TIME ALLOCATION

NOAO has organized several ad hoc programs to address the needs of projects that require time on ground-based telescopes associated with observations made on one of NASA’s Great Observatories (Chandra, HST, and Spitzer). The goal of these arrangements is to eliminate the double jeopardy of two peer reviews for proposals that require both sets of observations to accomplish their objectives. In FY07, two Spitzer proposals and two Chandra proposals were approved for NOAO observations. No HST proposals that requested NOAO time were approved in this cycle.

2.6 NOAO SURVEY PROGRAMS

The NOAO Survey Program has been very successful, with 20 surveys undertaken since inception in 1999. The surveys tend to be multi-year projects and often are aimed at generating complete data sets. In 2003, it was realized that NOAO should make an effort to adjust its allocation of telescope time to accommodate weather and instrument problems that survey projects have encountered in order to improve the chances of success. Consequently, no new survey proposals were solicited in 2003 or 2004. Instead, the annual meeting of survey PIs was held with the survey panel of the NOAO TAC as audience, and the PIs were asked to address the needs of their surveys for supplemental telescope time. In January 2005, the AURA Observatories Council reviewed the survey program and endorsed its continuation. The 2006B solicitation was the second opportunity to propose since the program was restarted, and two new surveys were approved. The most recent survey opportunity was in semester 2008A. NOAO received 22 proposals requesting Survey status on 17 September 2007. These proposals will be reviewed by an ad-hoc Survey panel.

2.7 NOAO DATA PRODUCTS PROGRAM

The NOAO Data Products Program (DPP) is responsible for data management for all NOAO facilities and some affiliated facilities (e.g., SOAR, WIYN). It is also responsible for developing and supporting software to support the reduction and analysis of those data, both for the Observatory and for the community. We have merged these responsibilities into a single program of data management and science support, attempting to align both concepts in an integrated plan for the flow of data from the telescopes through to the science undertaken by the end users, be they the PIs of the observations or archival users.

18 THE GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

Data Management System

The Data Products Program has focused on the development of an integrated data management and processing system that will provide efficient access to NOAO data and data products for the astronomical community. This system is referred to as the E2E, or End-to-End, data management system. Work on this system in FY07 was aimed at completing the development and the deployment of E2E v1.0 for the user community. The core components of this system are the NOAO Data Transport System (DTS), the NOAO Science Archive (NSA), the NOAO Pipelines (discussed in the next subsection), and the NOAO NVO Portal. Versions of both the DTS and NVO Portal have been deployed previously (in 2004 and 2006, respectively), so the deployment of E2E v1.0 has focused on the integration of those systems with the fully re-engineered NSA, a scaleable archive system based on a service-oriented architecture with multiple services that will be installed over the widely distributed system (six sites, including three mountaintops serving more than 10 telescopes and more than 30 instruments). The integrated E2E v1.0 system is targeted at supporting only the Mosaic CCD Imager and NEWFIRM instruments, specifically capturing the raw data from these instruments and making the data available to users through the NOAO NVO Portal. This system is being deployed for selected beta test users in October 2007, in preparation for a wider release in early 2008. The general user interface of the E2E system, the NOAO NVO Portal, has seen substantial public use since the release of the prototype in January 2007. Included in the release of E2E v1.0 is an update to the Portal that supports user logins based on the NVO single-sign-on protocols and libraries. This work is discussed further in the NVO section.

Pipelines

The DPP pipeline effort initially focused on developing an automated processing system for visiting observer Mosaic data. This required the development of a general pipeline infrastructure, the incorporation of many existing Mosaic algorithms available from the IRAF mscred package, and development of new algorithms to support automated reduction from a wide variety of user data acquisition strategies (some with dome flats, some with twilight flats, some with standards, and others with very few calibration frames at all!). During FY07 the Mosaic pipeline efforts culminated in the transition from intense development to extensive science verification on diverse data sets. These efforts continue during the transition to FY08, as we begin beta-release of Mosaic pipeline data products to visiting astronomers to obtain user feedback before producing the first generation of archive-ready Mosaic pipeline products. During FY07, work on data reduction pipelines moved from its early focus on the CCD mosaic imagers to include NEWFIRM, the wide-field near-IR imager that recently was installed on the Mayall 4-m at KPNO. This development is being undertaken with the assistance of two personnel from U. Maryland, a scientist and a software developer. The first release of the NEWFIRM pipeline was used to support commissioning of the instrument.

NEWFIRM support

DPP staff completed the development of the NEWFIRM Data Handling System (DHS), which captures the telemetry flowing out of the NEWFIRM’s MONSOON controllers and translates it into FITS files with appropriate extensions and headers. The DHS is also responsible for the real-time display of the data so that the observer can immediately see the fruits of the last exposure. In addition, DPP staff developed the mountain-based “quick look, quick reduce” platform for NEWFIRM data, which will provide the observer immediate feedback with preliminary reductions of data coming in from the camera. Both the DHS and quick look/reduce software were used extensively in the second NEWFIRM commissioning run in mid-2007 and are being finalized for the first visiting observer runs in early FY08.

19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Operations

The NOAO DTS continued its uninterrupted operation (since August 2004), and has now accumulated more than 20TB of data. Raw data repositories are currently maintained in La Serena, Tucson, and at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). Additional methods of monitoring the data flow and identifying and fixing problems as they arise have been implemented to provide further security for the data being taken on NOAO facilities. Operations has also included continued growth of the current NOAO Science Archive, which only holds NOAO Survey datasets. Several additional reduced datasets from NOAO Surveys were added during FY07. The effort that will be needed to support the routine operation of the E2E system and support community use has begun to ramp up. Help desk and bug tracking systems have been in regular use, and the operations staff have developed a thorough testing system for all software being delivered by DPP development.

Science Support Software

DPP is also responsible for science support software. This currently includes IRAF and a limited set of VO tools and services available from the NOAO NVO portal (nvo.noao.edu). After more than a year of extremely limited resources, FY07 saw significant IRAF development funded by a combination of base budget and NVO grant money. By the end of FY07, a new version of IRAF, v2.14, was being finalized for beta release, with plans for a final release in Q1 or Q2 FY08. This release includes a variety of bug fixes and patches that have been developed during work on the pipeline and other DPP efforts, as well as new features such as official support for MacOS X/Intel and Cygwin platforms and support for new external packages including one for NEWFIRM data reduction. Additional work in IRAF has focused on VO-related improvements, discussed further in the NVO section of this report.

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3 NOAO MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM

3.1 NOAO INSTRUMENTS

NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager (NEWFIRM)

NEWFIRM, a world-class capability for wide-field imaging in the near infrared, is a key element in the U.S. system of facilities provided by NOAO. It has a 27×27 arcmin field of view with 0.4 arcsec per pixel at 1–2.4 microns and will operate at the R-C focus on either 4-m telescope (Mayall or Blanco). The instrument per se will be complemented by a highly automated data reduction pipeline, which will feed the NOAO data archive. FY07 saw the completion of integration and testing and two successful commissioning runs on the Mayall telescope. FY07 began with the instrument undergoing reassembly for its first full-field optical test. This test was carried out in the NOAO Flexure Testing Facility using the original “engineering grade” Lens 8, which had localized regions of poor surface quality. This was also the first test with a fully populated focal plane, albeit with one of the four detectors still being a poor engineering-grade device. This test demonstrated that the image quality was acceptable all across the field of view, but the spatial sampling of the test procedure was sparse and did not allow detailed identification of the effects of the localized problems with Lens 8. During the test, the much better replacement version of Lens 8 was received from the vendor (Tinsley), but there was not sufficient time to warm the instrument and install it. During this final cold test, considerable work also was done to improve detector performance by tuning the detector operating parameters. In late January 2007, NEWFIRM was installed on the Mayall telescope for the first time (Figure 6). Thanks to the careful planning and preparation by the KPNO mountain engineering and support staff, the installation went very smoothly. The first few nights of the run were lost to a winter storm, but the commissioning team made good use of the time by running tests inside the closed dome and resolving software problems. On the first night after the storm, the commissioning team was on the sky and collecting data within an hour after opening the dome. During this run, the team demonstrated basic operation of the instrument from engineering-level software and obtained valuable in situ test data on most aspects of the integrated package of user software for observing, on-the-fly data examination, and observation scripting. In addition, science verification data were collected on various fields, most notably in the Orion Nebula (Figure 7), using both Figure 6: Combined forces of KPNO Engineering and MIP installing broad and narrowband filters. J. Bally NEWFIRM at the Cassegrain focus of the 4-m Mayall telescope for (U. Colorado) and J. Walawender (U. the first time. Hawaii) collaborated in this part of the science verification program.

21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Figure 7: As part of the NEWFIRM Science Verification program, the Becklin-Neugebauer-Kleinman-Low (BNKL) nebula in the Orion Constellation was observed. The images were taken in the 2.12-micron line of molecular hydrogen, which is excited by shocks and by fluorescence at boundaries between ionized and molecular gas. The full NEWFIRM field is shown on the left; note the poor noise performance of the engineering grade array in the lower right quarter. The green blocks are masked bad pixels; too few dithered sub-images were taken to allow complete fill-in of all the bad pixels. A detail of part of the upper right quadrant is shown on the right side, to illustrate the generally excellent image quality. During the following months, a substantial amount of work was done to improve the performance of the MONSOON controller, the cryogenic system, the internal light baffling, and the data handling system software. The replacement Lens 8 from Tinsley was installed, and considerable effort was also devoted to addressing anomalies encountered during the first run, including fixing a wire that came loose inside the dewar during transport. Finally, the poor engineering-grade detector was replaced with an intermediate-quality unit obtained from Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) during closeout of the detector production contract. In May, the dewar was closed up again, and the instrument went through another cold test in the flex rig before being returned to Kitt Peak in June. NEWFIRM was reinstalled on the Mayall telescope in late June and went through its second commissioning-plus-science-verification run in late June and early July. During this run, substantial improvements were seen in detector performance and cryogenic stability due to the work done between runs. The data handling system was improved, tuned, and used successfully, allowing initial testing of the automated quick-look data processing software. Also, the guider was calibrated and tested in a variety of modes. Some progress was also made in getting the guider, the data handling system, and the quick-look pipeline to work together under the control of automated observing scripts; this scripted observing mode is essential to efficient use of the instrument. All of this progress came under the pressure of slowly increasing lost time due to the arrival of the summer thunderstorms in Arizona. Also, the last nights of the run were lost when Kitt Peak was evacuated due to a nearby wildfire; the evacuation came just as the commissioning team was ready to demonstrate fully automatic scripted observing. When normal mountain activity resumed following the wildfire, NEWFIRM was brought back to Tucson for its final improvements and tuning. The intermediate-grade detector installed before the second run was replaced with a better device obtained through a separate arrangement with Raytheon Vision Systems, yielding a final focal plane with uniformly good response and low dark current. The final optimizations to the detector parameters were made, and a new filter was installed to enable a highly ranked science proposal. As FY07 closed, NEWFIRM was being closed up and tested in preparation for a return to Kitt Peak in late October 2007. Semester 2007B will see the first scheduled

22 NOAO MAJOR INSTRUMENTATIONMENTATION PROGRAM

science observations with NEWFIRM, thus marking the end of the commissioning phase and the beginning of NEWFIRM’s service life as a facility instrument.

SSOAROAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM)

The SOAR 4.2-m telescope on Cerro Pachón will produce very high quality images over a field of view 10 arcminutes square. The SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM) is designed to enhance this image quality by correcting the turbulence in the first 5–10 km of atmosphere, reducing the image size by half during appropriate atmospheric conditions, which are expected to be available about half the time. SAM will incorporate a UV laser guide star working in Rayleigh backscatter mode, with laser pulses and shutter timings coordinated to select the altitude of the reflection used for the wavefront correction. SAM is being implemented in two overlapping phases: the first phase for the main Adaptive Optics (AO) module, and the second phase for the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system. The main AO module will be commissioned first and can be used for some limited science applications in natural-guide-star mode prior to delivery of the LGS. The SAM team made considerable progress on detailed design and fabrication of components during FY2007. By the end of the year, all of the drawings for the plates making up the main module optical bench structure had Figure 8: Engineering drawing of the SAM main module as it will be on the SOAR telescope during commissioning. SAM is been completed and released to the shop installed on the “side” port of the Instrument Support Box. The for fabrication (Figure 8). A large round blue dewar of the dedicated CCD imager appears at the number of components had been top of SAM, and the High-Resolution Camera used for fabricated ahead of the plates, allowing commissioning and alignment in “natural-guide-star” mode appears on the visitor port at the bottom. assembly and integration of various subsystems including the wavefront sensor to proceed ahead of the optical bench (Figure 9). In addition, the remaining optics for the main module including the Off-Axis Paraboloids were received from the vendors and accepted. Integration of the entire main module can thus proceed rapidly as soon as the optical bench plates are made. The SAM team completed the preliminary design for the Laser Guide Star system, the second major phase of the project. The laser itself will mount to the side of the telescope, and the auxiliary equipment such as power supplies and cooling pumps will mount as close as possible, consistent with suitable locations. The laser launch telescope will mount behind the secondary mirror. The laser beam will be transferred to the launch telescope along an enclosed optical path with a minimal number of reflections. Completion of this design required definition of a number of interfaces with the SOAR telescope and resolution of numerous telescope modifications with the SOAR staff. In all cases, solutions were identified that meet the needs of the project and satisfy the requirements of the observatory for ease of maintenance and prevention of interference with other telescope functions. Basic safety requirements for laser operation and maintenance were also spelled out. The SAM team completed a successful Preliminary Design Review for the LGS system 28 September 2007. The current state of the work should permit delivery of the Main Module to the SOAR telescope sometime around the end of FY08, with delivery of the LGS system occurring about nine months later.

23 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Figure 9: Two subsystems of the SAM Main Module. On the left is the High-Resolution Camera fully assembled, and on the right is the Wave Front Sensor Module during its first test-fit assembly with the glass lenses.

MONSOON Detector Controller The MONSOON image acquisition system is the NOAO solution for scalable, multi-channel, high- speed image acquisition systems required for next-generation projects. MONSOON is designed to be flexible enough to support CCD, CMOS, and IR diode imaging arrays in a wide variety of uses, including science instruments, acquisition and guide cameras, and wavefront sensors. It is under development jointly by staff at both NOAO North in Tucson and NOAO South in La Serena. FY07 saw the delivery of several additional CCD controllers ordered by the Dark Energy Camera consortium for their detector characterization and design development work, and a second unit to Indiana U. for their “copy” of the FHIRE instrument. Continued development work on the CCD version led to the first successful implementation of on-chip guiding by the MONSOON system for the Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA) CCDs in the QUOTA system. QUOTA is a small-scale testbed instrument for WIYN, in preparation for the full- scale One Degree Imager (ODI) instrument. Software and firmware for OTA control were developed jointly by staff from the Major Instrumentation Program and WIYN Observatory. Much work was also devoted on the IR versions to tuning the NEWFIRM system for optimal performance and minimum noise in the telescope environment, and to achieving uniform performance across the 2×2 mosaic focal plane. This work extended across two commissioning runs at the Mayall telescope and months of work in Tucson between the runs. Brief but intense support was also given to the WHIRC instrument team (including personnel from Space Telescope Science Institute, Johns Hopkins U., and U. Wisconsin) during the final preparations for their first commissioning run on the WIYN telescope in July. As FY07 closed, the MONSOON team was hard at work defining, with the WIYN ODI team, the complete implementation of MONSOON for the ODI system. It is expected that this work will be the dominant focus of the MONSOON effort during FY08.

24

4 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS

4.1 GIANT SEGMENTED MIRROR TELESCOPE PROGRAM OFFICE (GSMTPO)

During the year, the NOAO GSMT Program Office evolved from the AURA New Initiatives Office (NIO), while retaining its core mission of “ensuring broad astronomical community access to a 30-m- class telescope that will be contemporaneous with ALMA and JWST, by playing a key role in scientific and technical studies leading to the creation of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT).” This evolution was a result of new direction from the National Science Foundation, following the conclusion of the AST Senior Review. During the first months of FY07, still operating as NIO, efforts focused on: (1) support of the activities of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Science Working Group, a broadly-based group charged with providing advice regarding investments in a GSMT that will achieve the goal of community access to a 30-m-class telescope by the middle of the next decade; and (2) active participation in the technical and scientific working groups critical to advancing the TMT concept during its Design and Development Phase. Subsequently, AURA was directed to withdraw as a partner from TMT, but to continue its efforts to define community needs and develop community support for public access to a GSMT. Most of the staff engaged in TMT design and development were therefore shifted to support of other projects, most notably LSST and ATST. The GSMT SWG was reconstituted with a modified membership matched to its revised mission; GSMTPO is charged with continuing to provide scientific and technical support to the group.

Staffing

The GSMTPO is staffed by NOAO engineers and scientists, located in Tucson, Arizona and La Serena, Chile. In addition, three former members of the NIO staff are now based in Pasadena, holding key positions—Optics and Systems group leaders and Observatory Scientist—in the TMT Project Office, while retaining their AURA affiliation.

Web Site The GSMTPO public Web site at http://www.gsmt.noao.edu is an essential vehicle for communicating ongoing GSMTPO activities. The Web site, which is updated periodically, also contains copies of project presentations and links to the sites of other Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) groups.

GSMT Science Working Group (SWG)

In 2002, AURA created a community-wide GSMT Science Working Group (SWG) in response to a request from the National Science Foundation. The charge to the SWG is to “advise the NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences on a strategy for guiding federal investment in a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT).” Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, Director of the Institute for Astronomy at U. Hawaii, is the chair of the GSMT SWG, with NOAO’s S. Strom as vice-chair. The SWG provides a public forum for discussion of technical progress and scientific capabilities of the two ongoing U.S. ELT programs: Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) and Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). Following the new direction from the NSF, the membership of the SWG was modified to include a greater proportion of representatives not directly involved with TMT/GMT. The SWG has also enjoyed high-level representation from the Japanese astronomical community. NIO

25 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

staff members supported several investigations of the GSMT SWG by carrying out technical, performance simulation, and project planning studies. By the end of FY05, the SWG had completed two major reports, “Frontier Science Enabled by a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope,” (available at www.gsmt.noao.edu/gsmt_swg/SWG_Report/SWG_Report_7.2.03.pdf) and “A Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope: Synergy with the James Webb Space Telescope” (available at www.aura- astronomy.org/nv/GSMT_SynergyCase.pdf). In summer 2005, the GSMT SWG was charged with developing an understanding of the scientific performance of ELTs as a function of telescope aperture. The SWG carried out a number of simulations for key ELT science programs aimed at quantitative understanding of performance versus aperture and determining whether there are any obvious “cliffs.” Preliminary drafts of the essential elements of the report were reviewed in August 2006. The report material is expected to be included in the supporting documentation for the GSMT “Design Reference Mission” that the SWG has been asked to prepare for the NSF. In support of these activities, a meeting combining the members of both the previous SWG and the new SWG (many of whom are the same) was scheduled for early November 2007. The intent of the meeting is to lay out future activities by the SWG.

ELT Development Support: AURA Proposal to NSF

The July 2004 proposal submitted by AURA to NSF requested $39.4M to provide:

1. The public portion ($17.5M) of the funds needed to carry out the Design and Development Phase for a 30-m diameter segmented-mirror, optical/infrared telescope (i.e., TMT).

2. Funds ($14M) sufficient to advance to the Design and Development Phase an alternative 20–30-m-class concept, such as the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), to the point where its performance, cost, and risk can be assessed.

3. Technology development ($2M) common to both TMT and the alternative concept.

4. $1.5M for community groups to carry out conceptual designs for two instruments: one for TMT and one for the alternative concept.

5. $3.5M to support an education and public outreach program.

6. $0.9M to support a Theory Challenge program aimed at engaging theorists in shaping the design of ELTs.

The first of these investments was to leverage the $35M in non-federal funding (donated by the Moore Foundation to the California Institute of Technology and U. California), plus funds requested of the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI). The TMT project partnership, after AURA’s withdrawal, comprises the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy, the California Institute of Technology, and U. California, The second major investment supports a design study aimed at developing an alternate technical approach. Following review of two proposals from the community, a review panel was selected for support of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), a concept that provides the collecting area of a 21.5-m telescope by combining the light from seven 8.4-m mirrors. The GMT project is a partnership among the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Harvard U., Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, U. Arizona, U. Texas at Austin, U. Michigan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Texas A&M U., and Australian National U.

26 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS

AURA will ensure strong community participation by both observers and theorists in shaping each of the ELT designs via the GSMT SWG, so that the resulting facility performance fully meets community aspirations. In addition, both TMT and GMT have invited AURA representatives as observers to design reviews and project working group meetings. This approach will allow AURA to keep apprised of the progress of both ELT programs in order to maximize transparency of technical studies, and to ensure that the imagination and technical talent in the U.S. community is fully engaged in developing key technologies and instrument concepts. Initial funding in the amount of $1M was received at the end of FY05, $2M was received during FY06, and an additional $5M was received in FY07. These funds are split between TMT and GMT, on behalf of the U.S. community. The distribution is intended to provide equal cumulative contributions to both projects, including allowance for NOAO in-kind contributions to the TMT DDP, by the end of FY08.

ELT Development Support: TMT Design and Development During the first part of FY07, NOAO staff continued contributions to technical development activities key to the successful completion of the Design and Development Phase for TMT. The efforts, which followed the TMT Cost Review in September 2006, mainly comprised design modifications aimed at reducing overall project costs. Following the NSF-directed withdrawal from the partnership, the staff involved in the design efforts worked to provide a smooth hand-over of work done to date, which was completed by the beginning of January 2007. Although most staff were transferred to other AURA projects at the time, TMT has subsequently contracted with NOAO to continue some efforts, largely in areas related to optical modeling and systems engineering, at less than 1 FTE. AURA had been represented on the TMT Scientific Advisory Committee by four members, of whom three were AURA employees and the fourth, C. Telesco of U. Florida, was from the general community. The AURA members were withdrawn in October 2006, but TMT chose to request that Telesco continue to participate as a U.S. community representative. GMT is expected to appoint a similar representative to their Science Working Group.

ELT Site Selection: Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope Starting with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT) group in FY02, AURA has played a major collaborative role in evaluating candidate sites for TMT. This effort is expected to conclude in 2008 with TMT final site selection and publication of the site survey data. The list of candidate sites has been narrowed by investigations of logistical issues such as land ownership, as well as by a series of remote sensing studies that have used satellite data to quantify the number of clear nights and the precipitable water vapor for each site. Each prime candidate site has also been modeled using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the boundary layer turbulence over the site under various wind speeds and directions. In-situ site testing equipment has been developed, and multiple copies have been purchased and assembled. This equipment includes weather stations, differential image motion monitors (DIMMs) capable of recording integrated seeing through the upper atmosphere and ground-layer, and multi- aperture scintillation sensors (MASS) capable of mapping turbulence profiles above candidate sites. Weather stations, DIMM and MASS units have been deployed on five candidate sites. Results to date indicate that all of the sites being investigated are excellent astronomical sites. The survey result will therefore be of value to future telescope projects other than TMT.

FY07 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff

No technical papers related to GSMTPO activities were published in FY07 by GSMTPO staff.

27 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

4.2 LARGE-APERTURE SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE (LSST)

The LSST project is being carried out by the LSST Corporation, which is a non-profit corporation chartered in the state of Arizona. LSSTC now has 21 members; NOAO is a founding member of the corporation. Interest in joining the corporation has been expressed by several European organizations, and discussions are ongoing. The LSST project is now about halfway through the Design and Development (D&D) Phase, with the NSF Concept Design Review (CoDR) successfully completed 21 September 2007. NOAO’s primary responsibility is for the telescope and site. The Department of Energy, led by SLAC, is responsible for the camera. Data management responsibilities will be shared by LSSTC, NCSA at U. Illinois, and, very likely, IPAC at Caltech.

Telescope and Site

The concept design for the telescope and its supporting analysis were completed this year culminating in the preparation and execution of the project-wide CoDR, which was held in Tucson 17–21 September 2007. The NSF-commissioned review panel recommended immediate advancement to the Preliminary Design Phase. Leading up to the CoDR, a series of subsystem design reviews focused on each of the major elements of the Telescope and Site WBS. The concept design and the supporting material are consistent with the reference design provided in the LSST MREFC proposal. Analyses completed to support the design work include a design study of high-resolution, high-load-capacity hexapod systems, the impact of wind on image motion, primary mirror hard point stress, primary mirror cell stresses, error allocation analysis, and detailed mirror requirements analysis. Prototype efforts completed this year include: aluminum/silver coating test samples, the telescope control system (TCS) kernel, observatory control system middleware abstraction tools, data distribution service software, and a network of hardware to support a prototype LSST control system. Prototyping has demonstrated that the architecture chosen for the control system will support a distributed system with diverse components and large command, control, and telemetry streams. The prototype C++ shell developed for the TCS kernel and connected to this middleware as well as the middleware abstraction code is now planned for use in the upgrade of the 4-m Blanco telescope at CTIO. The geotechnical survey of El Peñón, the peak where LSST will be sited on Cerro Pachón, has been completed. The report shows that the rock is of high quality and integrity. A 30-m tower has been erected on site with four anemometers positioned at various heights. The wind conditions at each sensor are now being logged continuously. The IR all-sky camera has been delivered and checked and has been deployed in Tucson and on Mt. Bigelow for commissioning campaigns. C. Claver presented the LSST project to the Chilean business and science communities at a meeting organized by SOFOFA, the Chilean equivalent to the Chamber of Commerce, in June 2007, in Santiago, Chile.

Training and Development J. Barr, a senior at U. Arizona, who has now graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in mathematics and physics, worked with the telescope and site group on site data analysis and the development of an automated photometry algorithm for use on the CTIO-developed all-sky cameras. The telescope and site group at NOAO provided mentors and advisors for T. J. Rodigas, a senior at U. Virginia, while he participated in the NOAO/KPNO REU program. He worked on the development of a prototype wavefront sensing pre-processor pipeline to analyze crowded star fields and prepare them for curvature sensing.

28 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS

Science Collaborations

Ten science collaborations with participants drawn from the LSSTC membership have been established to guide the project team with respect to scientific requirements and to assist with commissioning and quality assurance. Each collaboration deals with a specific science topic that will be addressed by the LSST. The topics range from astrometry and the study of nearby stars to the characterization of dark energy. An open call for scientists at non-member institutions to join the collaborations will be issued this winter, and a preliminary description of this opportunity appeared in the “NOAO/NSO Newsletter” in September.

LSST D&D Education and Public Outreach (EPO) Program

The LSST EPO program continued at a high level of activity with S. Croft taking the lead in educational project development. In the asteroid characterization project, a set of classroom activities and supporting curricular materials was completed and posted on a dedicated Web site. Testing in middle-school earth science classrooms was begun. To provide flexibility to the teacher, several projects were developed: a “short version” on asteroids that includes a one-day introduction to asteroids and a simple observing experience; a “long version” that includes a one- to two-week introduction to asteroids, meteorites, and their connection to earth rocks and geologic processes; and an open-ended observation project. Assessment and testing of the curriculum by outside reviewers and classroom teachers is continuing. In the visualization project, designed to develop educationally effective interactions of students and the general public with large-format astronomical images, an exploratory activity was developed by S. Croft in conjunction with the HiRISE Mars camera project at U. Arizona; and development of a user-friendly computer interface was begun by a team at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, led by physics faculty member J. Keller.

4.3 NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY (NVO)

Creation of a National Virtual Observatory (NVO) was the highest ranked priority initiative of the National Academy of Sciences decadal survey in the small project (less than $100M) category. NOAO has been involved with the development of the NVO from its inception and has continued to play a significant role as this project has moved from the conceptual to the development stages and finally towards operations. In FY07, the contributions from NOAO to the NVO continued at both the management and programmatic levels. D. De Young continued as a member of the NVO Executive Committee and as the Project Scientist of the NSF/ITR NVO initiative. De Young also took on the role of chair of the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). He continued as a member of the IVOA Theory Working Group. DPP showed a stronger participation in NVO team meetings with M. Fitzpatrick, C. Miller, and C. Smith all participating in discussions and development of NVO plans. M. Fitzpatrick served as one of three editors for the “NVO Book,” based on lectures given at the NVO Summer Schools. This book is being positioned to provide an in-depth introduction to the wide variety of tools and services available in the NVO. DPP continued to play a leading role in the development of VOEvent, the emerging VO standard for astronomical announcements, most specifically announcements with a time-critical component. NOAO hosted“Hot-wiring the Transient Universe: a Joint VOEvent/HTN Workshop” (www.cacr.caltech.edu/hotwired) in Tucson, 4–7 June 2007. This event was co-sponsored by NOAO and NVO, as well as by LSST, LANL and eSTAR, and was chaired by DPP staff member R. Seaman. P. Warner, M. Fitzpatrick, and C. Smith made significant contributions to this successful workshop. Seaman will co-edit the proceedings. P. Warner has continued an implementation that has become a distributable set of VOEvent components for authoring, publishing, archiving, and/or relaying events.

29 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Warner has been working with S. Barthelmy of NASA GSFC to re-layer the Gamma-ray bursts Coordinates Network (GCN) on VOEvent using NOAO’s Java-based broker. Several DPP staff attended the IVOA InterOp meeting in Beijing, China. M. Fitzpatrick worked with IVOA colleagues on the applications messaging protocol in the IVOA Applications Working Group, jointly moderating several sessions. C. Miller presented the NOAO NVO Portal and related scientific use of the VO. P. Warner reported on progress deploying the NOAO VOEvent broker, both in general and specifically in support of the ESSENCE supernova survey. Funding from NVO research award 8601-06861 is gratefully acknowledged for this work. NVO work extended into significant IRAF-related development efforts, resulting in a VO package for IRAF together with a new “vo-cl” command line agent. These developments bring the VO into IRAF, allowing users to access a variety of VO tools and services from the cl command line. The capabilities are based on a new “VO-client” which can serve as an interface between code-level host VO calls and distributed VO services, not only for IRAF calls but also for other codes such as those written in FORTRAN. The DPP Portal team developed a new version of the NOAO NVO portal, a browser-based tool that enables users to visually discover, access, and analyze data that exist under VO-compliant access points. The NOAO NVO Portal was debuted at the January 2006 AAS meeting and has been active since. DPP Operations was responsible for deploying and operating the Portal and the NOAO NVO Web page, and they monitor user statistics, which continue to indicate that roughly 10–20 unique users per day access the NOAO NVO Portal. The Portal provides a “Google-maps”style front-end, where users see instrument wire-frames distributed across the sky. The Portal currently provides access to NOAO Science Archive images, HST, Chandra, XMM, CNOC, and the SDSS DR3 archive. Users can select data from multiple archives with the simple click of a mouse and download multi-archive datasets from one centralized location. The Portal also provides a time (calendar) view, so that users can see when data were taken. Finally, the Portal provides a direct link to NVO analysis services, like the WESIX source extraction tool and the NOAO WCSFixer tool. The most important new feature of the NOAO NVO Portal is the full implementation of the NVO Single-Sign-On functionality and its integration into the full E2E system, in collaboration with R. Plante at the NCSA. This VO security effort continues to move forward in its collaborative development, and NOAO will be the first major astronomical archive to be using this important new NVO service.

4.4 TELESCOPE SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM (TSIP)

TSIP has the goal of strengthening the system of public and private optical/IR facilities by funding the development of facility instruments for large private telescopes, and thereby broadening community access to these telescopes. The program was established in FY02 as a $4M per year program administered and coordinated by NOAO for NSF. Because of this year’s continuing budget resolution, it was not clear that TSIP would be funded beyond previous commitments. However, the full $4M annual allocation was funded and a call for proposals put out in April 2007. By the May 11 deadline, six letters of intent for new instruments were received along with two letters proposing system access. TSIP clearly remains a significant and popular funding avenue for the private observatories in the U.S. system. An independent review committee is set to meet in October 2007 to recommend new allocations (chair, A. Kinney, NASA). The table below shows the current summary of past TSIP allocations and the system access they have provided to the broad U.S. astronomical community.

30 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS

TSIP Funding and Time Allocation Summary: 2002–Present Start of Time Year Awards Instrument Amount Nights Telescope Cost/night Allocated 2002 CARA OSIRIS $2.75M 29 Keck $47,400 2003A CARA KIRMOS $1.14M 12 Keck $47,400 2003A 2003 Harvard SAO MMIRS $2.5M* 54 MMT/Magellan $23,000 2004A CARA KIRMOS $1.1M 12 Keck $45,800 2004A 2005 CARA MOSFIRE $2.45M 24 Keck $51,000 2006B WIYN ODI $1.64M* 40 WIYN $12,300 † 2006 CARA MOSFIRE $4.9M* 48 Keck $51,000 2007A Ohio State MODS $2.6M 25 LBT $52,000 2007A‡ Carnegie Mosaic2§ $648K 15 Magellan $21,600 2007A

Totals $19.7M 259 * Over 3 yrs. † Nights to be taken with ODI, which is not yet completed ‡ Planned start § New CCD mosaic for the IMACS instrument at Magellan

The current projects being overseen by the TSIP program office at NOAO are: Mosaic2, a new CCD focal plane for the IMACS imager at Magellan; the One Degree Imager, a large orthogonal transfer CCD focal plane for WIYN; MODS2, the dual channel multi-object spectrometer for LBT (copy 2, by Ohio State); and MOSFIRE, the Keck near-infrared multi-object spectrometer. Highlights for the year include a trip to UCLA to attend the MOSFIRE detailed design review (DDR). The review committee passed on the final design for MOSFIRE and the team is now busy placing orders and putting drawings into the shop for fabrication. The centerpiece of MOSFIRE is a cold-configurable multi-object focal plane mask being constructed by the Swiss Centre for Micro-Electronics (CSEM). Throughout FY07, R. Blum and M. Trueblood participated in management oversight activities for the instrumentation projects listed above. These activities included monthly reports (both written and via teleconference) from the projects.

4.5 ADAPTIVE OPTICS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (AODP)

No additional awards were made in FY07 for the approved AODP projects from the FY05 proposals, and no additional funding has been granted by the NSF. The AODP has four remaining projects still being worked on. Those are the two detector development projects to develop low-noise detectors for wavefront sensors and two to develop reliable sodium lasers. Three of these four projects have been totally funded and all of those requested and were granted no-cost extensions to complete the work. All four of the projects ran into delays associated with the research activities, but are slowly getting back on track to complete the efforts.

UC Berkeley “A Noiseless Imaging Detector for AO with Kilohertz Frame Rates:” The initial statement of work included producing a working vacuum tube containing the GaAs photocathode and Medipix2 anodes. The project continues to be delayed arising from problems in achieving a high vacuum in the tube; there have been leaks associated with the brazing of the tubes. The current work plan includes rebuilding the tube using a He leak checker at each stage of fabrication. Some success was achieved in

31 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

proving that the Medipix2 chip will survive the 350-degree bakeout cycle in the tube complete with the wire bonds. The electronics readout has also been successfully demonstrated. A no-cost extension was requested and authorized contingent upon the successful completion of the work for year 3, to proceed with performance of the work for year 4 beginning 1 September 2007, and concluding on 31 March 2008. UC Berkeley has received all of the total award of $900,233.

CARA

“Development of the Next Generation Optical Detectors for Wavefront Sensing:” CARA has been granted a 1-year, no-cost extension for the effort to end on 31 December 2007. The project had been delayed with MIT/LL so the detectors could be piggy-backed onto another development project. The phase 1 devices with the planar JFET amplifier (CCID-56) took longer than expected to complete back-side processing. Two wafers were selected for thinning and then the QE was pinned using an MBE process. These parts were on a wafer run with some x-ray imagers (for the Constellation X satellite project), and for which no AR coating is wanted. As a result, these parts had to be masked off when AR coating the CCID-56b parts. When the AR coating was done, the masking was incompletely removed over the parts, and the AR coating was poor as a result. MIT/LL decided to remove the AR coating using an acid etch and try again. They also had some problems with the light shield mask, and as a result did not complete packaging of the back-side parts until the end of 2006. Parts were finally shipped to the CCD lab at UCO/Lick and to SciMeasure in March 2007. R. Stover was able to test the first CCID-56b part and discovered that the QE was very poor and the dark current elevated. After dicussing this with MIT/LL, they admitted (somewhat sheepishly) that the acid etch to remove the bad AR coating had probably destroyed the MBE layer, resulting in the poor QE, and this had also created defects on the back-side layer that resulted in the elevated dark current. This is a significant setback to testing of what is believed to be a very low-noise device. MIT/LL has been able to obtain permission from the primary wafer customer (the Constellation X project) to take two more wafers from the lot and process them for this project without masking off the X-ray imagers (effectively sacrificing those imagers). This process will take approximately two more months. Some CCID-56 parts with the planar JFET amplifier were also placed on a PanSTARRS wafer run that was done late last year. These parts are designated the CCID-56d because of an additional signal (a no-connect pin on the CCID-56b) that is used to deplete the substrate, a feature of the PanSTARRS device design. These parts are on a wafer with imagers that have very similar QE requirements, so there is no masking needed, and there are some wafers that have been back-side processed and AR coated. Some of these parts are being packaged and should ship to the CCD lab and SciMeasure for testing. In summary, the project is still waiting for confirmation of the low-noise performance of the front-side devices on usable back-side parts, but this should take place shortly. A readout system and cryostat are ready to use with the device, and it is planned to characterize this complete system at WMKO with the intention of installing it on the Keck I AO system when the new guide-star laser is installed at the end of this year. The Phase II design has benefited from further work with the CfAO on the system level design of the polar coordinate detector. The project team has been working with S. Thomas, a CfAO post- doc., and with D. Gavel, director of the Laboratory for Adaptive Optics, on this activity. Sandrine will be giving a paper on this work at the OSA meeting in Vancouver, in June. The Phase II design has been refined to include adjustment of the number of pixels in the elongation direction as a function of sub-aperture offset from the center of the telescope aperture (also the center of laser projection) and to employ S. Adkin’s original concept for the readout architecture, which is to “snake” the shift register from sub-aperture to sub-aperture instead of using multiplexing. Since charge shifting is essentially noiseless, and the multiplexer is not, and since readout speed is

32 NOAO AND THE DECADAL SURVEY PROJECTS

very important due to the TMT’s wavefront computation needs, the design needs to balance readout speed and noise; and it turns out that the snaked shift register offers the best performance. We are planning to begin final layout of this device, and hope to get on a PanSTARRS wafer run planned for this summer.

Lawrence Livermore National Labs

“Pulsed Fiber Laser for Guide Stars:” LLNL has been waiting for delivery of a replacement amplifier after one failed last fall due to a faulty switch in the system. No recent work has been completed. The amplifier arrived in early June, but the signal combiners have been delayed until the first week of July. The effort will be re-started with the arrival of the signal combiners. LLNL has begun bringing personnel back to the project to complete the work. It is expected that within the next six months, the system will be field hardened and a control system added so that the system can be deployed to Lick Observatory sometime late this calendar year or early next. LLNL has received the entire award of $1.5 million.

Coherent Technology, Inc.

“Compact Modular Scalable Versatile LGS Architecture for 8–100-m Telescopes:” LMCTI has been waiting delivery of replacement waveguide power amplifiers, so no progress has been made on the higher power levels desired. They also suffered a loss of some key personnel and have been rebuilding the team. Meanwhile, they have begun testing of the delivery fiber. They have tested it with low power cw (2.5 W) at 589 nm and have achieved about 40% efficiency. They are continuing optimization of the coupling and the beam. Power through the 100-m fiber has been increased to about 6 W up to the SBS limits. By reducing the length of the fiber to a more practical length of 30 m, a 10 W signal should be achieved. This effort is continuing and a report will be released by mid-summer. The team will be working on setting up both legs of the laser and a higher power demonstration should be completed in early fall. A no-cost extension was requested for Phase II through 31 December 2007, and an extension for Phase III through 30 June 2009. CTI has received $1,858,584 of the total award of $3,295,226.

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5 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH

5.1 EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH (EO)

NOAO’s Educational Outreach group is responsible for managing and developing the national observatory’s efforts in formal and informal science education. NOAO EO programs train teachers and astronomers to communicate scientific research principles and the latest discoveries in astronomy to pre-college students. The EO group also supports the Research Experiences for Undergraduate programs at Kitt Peak and Sacramento Peak, and helps facilitate graduate and post-graduate opportunities at KPNO and CTIO. FY07 highlights in educational outreach included the continued worldwide success of GLOBE at Night in its second year (including innovative use of handheld sky-quality meters), two major grant awards from Science Foundation Arizona, and a NASA group achievement award for the Spitzer Research Program for Teachers and Students.

Research Based Science Education (RBSE)

In FY07, the NOAO RBSE program for high school teachers—now completely core-funded— continued to attract a large oversubscription. The program is tightly focused on its primary objectives: acquisition of astronomy content knowledge by teachers and bringing astronomical research to the classroom. We have also expanded our repertoire of teacher/student research projects. The 2007 cadre of 18 teachers, selected from over 60 applicants, came from 15 different states. The cadre completed a 14-week distance learning course and then met in Tucson for a very successful, culminating, 10-day summer workshop covering astronomy content, research protocol, and introducing research in the classroom. During the on-line class, each teacher selected one of the five different research projects as their concentration, choosing from searching for nova, membership of open clusters, spectroscopy of variable stars, identification of AGNs, and solar magnetic fields. The teachers spent four nights on Kitt Peak observing with four different telescopes, and each research group presented their results on the final day of the workshop. The NOAO Web site for the RBSE project continued development, with documentation and data sets added in all project areas. This site is available to any teacher who wants to offer astronomy research to their students, and has been promoted at the National Science Teachers Association meeting and the INTEL International Science & Engineering Fair (see www.noao.edu/education/arbse). Students working on RBSE projects also entered (and won honors at) science fairs, both regional and national (see next section). The RBSE Journal, our research journal for students whose teachers have completed this program, continues to do well. These papers are based on the research projects the teachers have instigated in their classrooms, as well as some related projects, including the Spitzer student and teacher research project, which is available to RBSE program graduates. All teachers and students receive detailed feedback on their submissions. This was the fourth year of the follow-on RBSE program known as the Teacher Observing Program (TOP), where teachers and small groups of students can propose to make observing runs for unique research projects at KPNO. The proposals accepted were of continuing high quality. Two TLRBSE-related workshops were held at the National Science Teachers Association meeting in St. Louis in April 2007. In addition, several alumni of the program made presentations of their own, which were well attended by other conference participants.

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The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics honored RBSE teachers K. Borders and T. Spuck with their Educator Achievement Award. The award was presented to seven K-12 teachers nationally in December 2006.

Spitzer Research Program for Teachers and Students

The Spitzer Science Center (SSC) and NOAO have continued their program for RBSE-based teacher and student research using director’s discretionary observing time on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The program has multiple goals with one being testing the ability of teachers and students to obtain and work with high-level astronomical data. Teams led by NOAO scientists S. Howell and G. Rudnick were particularly active this year. Howell’s research team made nearly simultaneous observations from Kitt Peak while Spitzer was observing their target object. Rudnick’s team is preparing posters for the January 2008 AAS meeting. A number of students in the program received awards: A. Herrold’s student, Z. Schroeder received a fourth place in the Physics and Astronomy division at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair at Albuquerque, NM in May. R. Hemphill’s student, E. Petroff, received the Priscilla and Bart Bok Second Place Award from the American Astronomical Society and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific at the ISEF. She also received the American Association of Physics Teachers Outstanding Physics Student of the Year Award. Program mentors G. Rudnick, R. Finn, and V. Desai supported Petroff’s cluster work. J. Adkins’ students M. Mulaveesala, T. Travagli, and A. Morton presented a science fair project on the results of observing S5 0716+714 using the Spitzer Space Telescope and a ground-based telescope. They won a fourth place at the California State Science Fair and received a medallion from the Yale Science and Engineering Association for Most Outstanding 11th Grade Exhibit in Computer Science, Engineering, Physics or Chemistry. The Spitzer Space Telescope Program for Teachers and Students was awarded a NASA Group Achievement Award.

Science Foundation Arizona: Astro BITS NOAO’s educational outreach programs recently received two of nine “K-12 Student & Teacher Discovery Program” grants from Science Foundation Arizona. The Research Based Science Education program was awarded $125,000 to enable math/science teachers to have research experiences in astronomy and image processing, and then implement these high-tech topics in their classrooms through a new initiative called Building Information Technology Skills (BITS) Through Astronomy. Astro BITS targets Arizona middle school teachers, particularly at rural and minority schools, and offers help in preparing their students for science career pathways through the excitement of astronomy. The first year (of a planned three-year program) saw a cadre of eight teachers who learned about imaging and related projects. They spent two nights at Kitt Peak and will offer their students opportunities to use modern image-processing technology in the coming year.

Hands-On Optics The NSF-funded informal science education program “Hands-On Optics” (HOO) continued its expansion to new sites and provided support to previously established programs. The program completed a fourth-year, no-cost extension with a program end date for the NSF grant of 31 August 2007. The HOO core team is R. Sparks, C. Walker, and S. Pompea (Project Director and Co-PI). Most of the professional development has been conducted by Sparks and Walker. They have conducted professional development workshops this year in Colorado (Longmont), Maryland (Baltimore), The Timothy Smith Network (Boston), The California Science Center (Los Angeles), the Chabot Science Center (Oakland), The New York Hall of Science, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Shorter workshops

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on the Hands-On Optics mini-kit, Terrific Telescopes, were presented at the SPIE meeting in San Diego and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific meeting in Chicago. Hands-On Optics continued to expand its productive collaborations with the Boys & Girls Clubs. Weekly HOO programs were presented at the Boys & Girls Club in South Tucson in the fall of 2006 and continued in the spring of 2007. The program also had three weeks of summer sessions at the South Tucson Boys & Girls Club and started a new set of sessions in fall 2007. The program at the Sells Boys and Girls Club was held every other week in the fall of 2006 and the spring of 2007. The project also had a six- week session at the Sells Boys & Girls Club over the summer. Our bi-weekly sessions are continuing in fall 2007 NOAO ceased assembly of the HOO kits by contracting with Learning Technologies Inc. (LTI) to provide kits for interested users. LTI has supplied approximately 90 each of modules 4–6 and 30 each of modules 1–3. Efforts are underway to market all of the kits through LTI. R. Sparks worked with LTI to ensure kit quality and continuity of all of the kit parts. HOO mini-workshops were also conducted as part of NOAO’s involvement in the NSF-funded “Astronomy from the Ground Up” (AFGU) project at workshops held at the Boston Museum of Science and the St. Louis Science Center. The project also developed a session for the AFGU Distance Learning Course. HOO was presented through distance learning programs to educators during 1–6 March and 18–22 June. HOO was also featured as part of AFGU’s “Continuing Explorations” series in July. The HOO program, in partnership with GEAR-UP and U. Arizona’s Flandrau Science Center, ran three one-week optics camps during the month of June. Students experienced most of the HOO activities, as well as field trips to Kitt Peak, the Steward Mirror Lab, the Steward Observatory telescope, UA Optical Sciences Lab, Mars HiRISE program, and the UA Radiology Lab. A similar camp was presented in partnership with the Saguaro Girl Scouts in early August. The NOAO HOO program was featured in a plenary talk at the biannual International Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics in Ottawa, Ontario. Four contributed talks on Hands-On Optics and our programs were also presented. The NOAO educational outreach and public outreach groups co-hosted four booths with numerous activities from Hands-On Optics and Project ASTRO at the fifth annual Math, Science, and Technology Funfest at the Tucson Convention Center. Held in conjunction with the yearly Southern Arizona Regional Science and Engineering Fair (SARSEF), FunFest brings together scientists and elementary through high school students to share in the wonders and excitement of science. During the March 2007 FunFest, NOAO hosted two sessions each day on different HOO themes. Together, the sessions (The Essence of Luminescence, Hit the Target,) attracted more than 1,000 students and 200 adults over the three days. The booths were staffed by NOAO staff, students working with the HOO program, and a student from Grinnell College. Another major event was the St. Michael’s Optics Fest. Held in conjunction with their science fair, students from around Tucson are invited to participate in a series of optics activities led by NOAO staff and students. A “Hit the Target” competition is also held. Almost 40 teams and over 100 students participated in this event last year. Prizes were provided by the Arizona Optics Industry Association and various AOIA companies.

Science Foundation of Arizona: Expanding HOO in Arizona NOAO received a $250,000 grant from the Science Foundation of Arizona to expand the presence of HOO in Arizona to new venues. The grant gives us the ability to expand the HOO presence in Arizona to areas outside of Tucson, focusing on rural Arizona towns with Boys & Girls Clubs, based on our proven success in South Tucson and Sells. The Bisbee Boys & Girls Club sent a representative to be trained in the modules in early August, and a program will begin there this fall. We are currently negotiating with the Prescott Boys & Girls Club, Discovery Park in Safford, and Whipple Observatory to establish HOO programs at these venues. The HOO camp that was held in conjunction with the Girl Scouts has opened up the

36 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH

possibility of running HOO programs with Girl Scouts in Southern Arizona. Talks are underway to explore these possibilities. Other locations currently under consideration for expansion include Lowell Observatory, the Boys & Girls Club in Yuma, and the Boys & Girls Club of Santa Cruz County (Nogales).

Project ASTRO

In late September 2006, PAEO hosted the annual two-day Project ASTRO-Tucson training workshop, partnering astronomers with teachers new to the program. Held at U. Arizona, the workshop trained the partners in a dozen hands-on activities, mostly on the solar system. Three motivational high points were a talk on Pluto by planetary scientist M. Sykes, a talk on teaching and learning astronomy from E. Prather, and a nighttime trip to Kitt Peak National Observatory. On 10 March 2007, participants in Project ASTRO and Family ASTRO were treated to a special workshop on how to participate with the unaided eye and/or a sky brightness meter in a program to preserve dark skies called GLOBE at Night. The evening’s activities included an introduction to (1) take-home kits with hands-on materials to heighten students awareness about light pollution (e.g., a shielding activity); (2) a home-grown NOAO activity called “Constellations at Your Fingertips” to introduce students to easy-to-make, glow-in-the-dark templates to help find constellations in the night sky; and (3) Sky Quality Meters that participants received to use with their students to measure quantitatively the brightness of the night sky. A total of 25 new teacher-astronomer Project ASTRO partnerships were formed in FY07. Together with the 180 teachers and 91 astronomers estimated to be currently active, they directly impacted an estimated 5,000–7,000 students in Tucson and surrounding communities in FY07. An exciting development this year is that Project ASTRO has gone international. Three teachers from Sonora, Mexico were trained at the Fall Project ASTRO workshop and subsequently brought the program to their students in Club de Astronomía Galileo, where it is flourishing. The annual Site Leaders Meeting for Project and Family ASTRO was held in Houston, Texas, at the Space Center, in May 2007. In addition to presenting an update report on behalf of the Tucson site, NOAO site leader C. Walker gave a presentation on GLOBE at Night and on the Hands-on Optics program; site Leaders also were enthusiastic about the HOO “Hit the Target challenge.” These two programs may be disseminated through Project ASTRO in the near future.

Family ASTRO

During October and November 2006, Family ASTRO training workshops were conducted on “Night Sky Adventures,” “Moon Mission,” “Race to the Planets,” and “Cosmic Decoders.” NOAO has trained about 70 Family ASTRO event leaders to date, with the expectation that each will conduct at least one event for their communities. Family ASTRO training in 2006 included members of the local amateur astronomy club, another staff person from Pima County Parks and Recreation, graduate students in astrophysics from U. Arizona, and local teachers. Input from applicants and trained event leaders indicates that Family ASTRO materials are being used in creative ways to augment public star parties, school science nights, and public programs at local attractions such as Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and Pima County Parks and Recreation, in addition to more standard Family ASTRO after- school events. NOAO staff themselves sponsored Family ASTRO activities at a University of Arizona College Academy for Parents event in February, the Astronomy Day on Kitt Peak event in April, and three “Family Astronomy Nights” at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum during the summer. Over 400 people attended these events. Family ASTRO this year received a second invitation to host a bilingual Family ASTRO workshop in Chile, and a new invitation to host a bilingual workshop in Argentina. About 20 teachers and science educators were trained in “Race to the Planets” and “Cosmic Decoders” in La Serena, Chile, and the same number were trained in “Moon Mission” and “Night Sky Adventure” in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Most, if not all, of the materials were in Spanish. A. Garcia from Gemini

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Observatory helped C. Walker from NOAO with both workshops. Both Garcia and V. Bianchi (from Gemini in Argentina) are trying to top their 2006 record of 10 Family ASTRO events apiece, where over 300–400 people attended from both countries. They are well on their way to achieving that. An article for the winter 2007 edition of Mercury magazine on Family ASTRO in South America was written by C. Walker.

ASTRO-Chile

The ASTRO-Chile educational videoconference program has developed original curriculum with the formulation, fine-tuning and field-testing of new comparative remote-sensing activities on Earth and Mars for bilingual science students at middle schools and high schools in Tucson and their counterparts in Chile. In October 2006, students used a remote sensing activity to identify features in satellite images taken first of their own location and then of the other location. The students then acted as rovers, taking pictures from the ground for students in the other location based on e-mail communications. This activity was written by NOAO astronomer R. Probst. The capstone event was a student-to-student ASTRO-Chile videoconference between NOAO North and South at the end of November. Several hundred students in Chile participated in the activity over the previous months. More than 50 of those students were in attendance in the AURA-Gemini conference room in La Serena. There were about that many students in attendance at the videoconference in the Tucson main conference room, with most presentations given in Spanish. In March 2007, the remote sensing activity on Mars was launched. Students could transfer what they learned about the geology and geography of Earth to acquaint themselves with the geography and geology of Mars, while continuing their experience to interact directly with fellow students in another hemisphere. Part 1 of this activity was created by the education group at Arizona State U. Part 2 of this activity used newly released HiRise images of Mars and was written by U. Arizona graduate student, in education and in planetary science, S. Buxner, with guidance and testing from C. Walker and H. Ochoa in PAEO. Once again the capstone event was a student-to-student videoconference between NOAO North and South in May 2007. From late May to mid-August 2007, an REU student with the PAEO department, G. Angeli (UC Berkeley Computer Science major), was tasked with building a working model of the Mars rover which could be operated remotely over the Internet. The completed, working model will be shipped soon to the Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS) astronomy education center near La Serena, Chile. Students at CADIAS and from Tucson will be able to control it as it traverses a newly built Mars garden. Its on-board camera will be used to study “rocks from Mars.” This project will provide an attractive exhibit to encourage schools and tourists to visit the CADIAS science education center. Funded primarily by NOAO and Gemini, CADIAS hosted more than 3,000 people and programs for star parties and astronomy programs in FY07, and a thousand more attended its mobile planetarium program. In August, the public library at CADIAS received long-awaited Internet connectivity, which should greatly increase its general activity in FY08. Led by H. Ochoa, NOAO South outreach staff also made good progress on preparing to automate a 16-inch telescope (El Enano) that was removed from CTIO and donated to PAEO.

GLOBE at Night The GLOBE at Night 2007 citizen-science campaign generated nearly double the number of measurements of the world’s dark (and not so dark) skies compared to its first year. Almost 8,500 unaided eye observations from 60 countries were submitted on-line by citizen scientists measuring the darkness of their local night skies by looking at the constellation Orion during the two-week GLOBE at Night event in March 2007. The program also successfully demonstrated a prototype digital data- collection effort that aims to grow to a global scale by 2009 during the International Year of Astronomy. Close to 1,000 measurements were made, primarily in the U.S. using meters from Unihedron to quantitatively measure sky brightness.

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PAEO staff presented a press conference and a poster on these impressive results of the GLOBE at Night program at the May 2007 AAS/AAPT meeting in Honolulu. Widespread news coverage included stories on space.com. NOAO staff are working with a GIS expert to further interpret the GLOBE at Night data sets.

Investigating Astronomy

The “Investigating Astronomy” NSF instructional materials development (IMD) project with TERC and the ASP remained very active this year with S. Croft playing a key role in completing NOAO’s commitments to this new national high school, standards-based astronomy curriculum. S. Pompea continued his role as Co-PI, attending team meetings and coordinating translation into Spanish of designated instructional materials. All content materials were completed, including 24 “Going Further” research and observational projects designed for the high-end student. These materials stressed current scientific research areas. The scientific review of all six modules was completed by Croft and other scientists in and external to NOAO. The project manuscript is being submitted to the publisher and is scheduled to become available in 2008.

LSST D&D EPO Program The LSST EOP outreach program continued at a high level of activity with S. Croft taking the lead in educational project development. In the asteroid characterization project, a set of classroom activities and supporting curricular materials was completed and posted on a dedicated Web site. Testing in middle school earth science classrooms was begun. To provide flexibility to the teacher, several projects were developed: a “short version” on asteroids that includes one day’s introduction to asteroids and a simple observing experience; a “long version” that includes one to two week’s introduction to asteroids, meteorites, and their connection to earth rocks and geologic processes; and an open ended observation project. Assessment and testing of the curriculum by outside reviewers and classroom teachers is continuing. In the visualization project, designed to develop educationally effective interactions of students and the general public with large-format astronomical images, an exploratory activity was developed by S. Croft in conjunction with the HiRISE Mars camera project at U. Arizona, and development of a user-friendly computer interface was begun by a team at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, led by physics faculty member J. Keller.

GSMT D&D EPO One of the two designated tasks of the NOAO’s PAEO group in support of the GSMT project is the design, development, testing, and evaluation of online educational modules aimed at middle and high school students. S. Pompea and S. Croft have principle responsibility in developing the modules. Two topics have been selected for the modules: Astronomical Site Selection and Systems Engineering. Existing site selection data from the TMT and GMT projects have been reviewed, specific grade-level content for inclusion has been considered, and possible designs for the modules have been identified. A presentation of the GSMT module plans will be made as part of an Astronomy Village workshop that will be held at the national education conference of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 5–7 September 2007. Development work has begun on activities illustrating the principles of adaptive optics. Various techniques are being explored to illustrate the concept of atmospheric refraction. A model of a Shack- Hartmann sensor has also been built to illustrate how AO systems can measure atmospheric distortion. Although the design needs work to improve usability, it has proven able to illustrate the functioning of a Shack-Hartmann sensor. We are also starting to experiment with different types of flexible mirrors to illustrate how AO systems correct atmospheric distortion.

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A presentation was given on our initial work on adaptive optics in April at the Arizona Association of Physics Teachers spring meeting. A visit was made to Carthage College in September to meet with D. Arion, whose group has done some excellent work in adaptive optics education and in preparing adaptive optics demonstrations.

Tohono O’odham Outreach

Outreach on the Tohono O’odham nation has been increasing. The Hands-On Optics program at the Sells Boys & Girls Club is now a robust program, with Kitt Peak staff presenting programs ever few weeks during the school year. This has led to other interactions, the most important being the request for the summer horse camp to be held at the summit of Kitt Peak. Over 60 children and adults spent a weekend in June at the Kitt Peak picnic grounds, learning how to manage the horses, and by extension, themselves. Collaboration with Tohono O’odham Community College continues, with a request to help them prepare for a fundraising capital campaign. The college president visited the observatory for a photo shoot in February. NOAO has been approached by the Indian Oasis-Baboquivari School District (Sells) for support of their new attendance incentive program, “Reach for the Stars.” We are working to develop a regular program of visits to the fifth and seventh grade classrooms this year. The new Science Foundation of Arizona grant for the Astro BITS program received, and accepted, two applications from teachers at Tohono O’odham schools.

Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)

NOAO continued its long-standing participation in the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program, preparing future generations of professionals who will sustain U.S. preeminence in astronomy and contribute to a scientifically literate nation. NOAO North scientist K. Mighell is the site director for the KPNO REU summer program in Tucson; NOAO South research associate S. Kafka headed the CTIO program in La Serena throughout this year. Over the FY07 summer, the six undergraduate students in the KPNO program (including two females) worked closely with NOAO Tucson staff for a 10–12 week period, developing skills as scientific researchers and furthering their professional development. In the southern summer of 2006, CTIO hosted six U.S. REU students (including four females) and two Chilean undergraduates under the similar Prácticas de Investigación en Astronomía (PIA) program. (Three more REU students worked with staff of the National Solar Observatory in summer 2007, with direct logistical support from PAEO staff.) The opportunity to present original research findings at the most important national meeting of U.S. astronomy is one of the most prized benefits enjoyed by REU students in NOAO site programs. Students from the KPNO and CTIO 2006 programs did so at the January 2007 meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Seattle. As one measure of success, recent data shows that 80 percent of the KPNO REU students from the past five years have gone on to careers in science, technology, engineering and math.

Astronomy Education Review (AER) The Astronomy Education Review (AER), a refereed online journal at aer.noao.edu, is now in its sixth year of operation. The goal of the journal, which is edited by S. Wolff and A. Fraknoi (Foothills Community College), is to disseminate research about astronomy and space science education, along with innovative ideas for classroom use, resource lists, reviews, and commentary. During the past year, the AER published papers on a variety of topics such as what every beginning astronomy professor needs to know, the requirements for working with human subjects in

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education research, and the design of materials for visually impaired visitors to an observatory. A paper published in Mercury (Volume 36, No. 3, p. 24) provides an overview of the journal and its contributing authors, readers, and papers. This year the American Astronomical Society established a special committee to recommend whether or not the AAS should take over responsibility for publishing AER. The Committee recommended to the Council in June that the AAS should assume responsibility for publishing AER. Their rationale was:

“Education, particularly at the college level, is an important career responsibility of a large fraction of all AAS members. For the size of the profession, astronomy plays a larger role in general science education at all levels than any other science. Astronomers also invest more effort in public outreach than those in most other disciplines. Increasing emphasis from funding agencies and overseers of higher education on outreach and accountability implies that these will play a yet larger role in the future efforts of the AAS membership. Until the advent of the AER, there was no easily accessible, dedicated forum for publication of research on education in astronomy or discussion of the practical aspects of teaching and outreach. Although begun as an experiment, AER has proven the importance and potential of an astronomy education journal by attracting a large number of authors and a wide reading audience.”

During calendar year 2008, the AER editors will be working with AAS to develop the editorial policy and business plan for the journal and to facilitate the transfer to the AAS.

5.2 PUBLIC OUTREACH

NOAO’s Public Outreach group manages all activities at the Kitt Peak Visitor Center, including the center’s educational exhibits and retail operations, three daily tours of Kitt Peak observatories, the Kitt Peak docent program, and the popular fee-based nighttime observing experiences for both the general public and advanced amateurs.

Kitt Peak Visitor Center

ƒ Visitor Center operations had a challenging year due to being shut down for twelve days due to two fires and a rockslide. The high price of gas was also a factor for most of the year. Poor weather in January/February reduced attendance and revenue from the Nightly Observing Program (NOP). With all of this, we still managed to have a record month of March as far as NOP attendance, and hit an overall revenue record for the NOP program, with the third observatory now open regularly.

ƒ The formal Kitt Peak membership group for the public grew to over 170 members in FY07. This program ($35 individual, $55 family) entitles the member to special discounts, a newsletter, and a members-only star party, among other benefits.

ƒ More than 16 special classes and workshops were held throughout the year, including “Stars and Music,” “Kitt Peak Junior Astronomers,”and “Astronomy Day 2007.”

ƒ A Kitt Peak Visitor Center Interpretative Plan was created and is the first in a series of plans that are being developed by staff. The plan will chart the future of exhibits throughout the mountain and pave the way for the development of a formal exhibit plan and strategic plan.

41 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

ƒ Public outreach-related improvements to the Visitor Center and mountain facilities included a five-foot diameter, rotating model of the Earth at Kitt Peak Visitor Center FY07 Program Attendance night to be used in a dark skies exhibit. A new and General Visitors telescope mirror exhibit and new MP3 audio self- [vs. FY06] guided telescope tour are in final development. The Visitor Center 20-inch telescope dome was Guided Public Tours 7,363 automated with special NSF grant funds. New poster displays were created for the Mayall visitor [12,326] gallery. A new historical display for the solar telescope lobby and visitor center to highlight School Groups K-12 998 some historical documents recently found is being [529] prepared. An educational kit on meteorites was developed for use by the docents for public Special Tours 154 visitors and school kids. [104]

ƒ Upgrades to the computer system and the Point of Nightly Observing 6,673* Sale (POS) system in the gift shop were also made Program [6,136] during this year, and an inventory-based POS program was installed at year’s end. Advanced Observing 312 ƒ Three new Kitt Peak images have been chosen for Program posters and are scheduled for production in [274] October. Total General Visitors 60,000 (est.) ƒ Articles on the Kitt Peak Visitor Center and its [63,000] programs were published in the Travel section of the New York Times, AAA Highroads magazine, Sunset magazine, National Geographic Geotourism Map, the Arizona Daily Star, and the Tucson Citizen.

ƒ The Kitt Peak Visitor Center hosted more than a dozen different travel writers doing stories on Southern Arizona Tourism.

ƒ Film, TV and radio station interviews, and visits to Kitt Peak included KMSB Fox 11, KNST Radio, John C. Scott Radio interview, KGVY Radio Interview, KOLD TV 13, the BBC, and Interstellar Studios.

ƒ PO staff developed a new school-based program. This program is for teachers visiting Kitt Peak who want to do more that just tour the telescopes. The hands-on activities tie into the State of Arizona science standards and include pre- and post-visit activities. A marketing piece and teacher-planning packet have been developed.

Other Public Outreach

ƒ PAEO partnered with the Exploratorium science center in San Francisco to offer a webcast of the 8 November 2006 Mercury transit of the Sun live from Kitt Peak public outreach 16-inch telescope.

42 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH

ƒ PAEO staff designed and produced a new color brochure for the SCOPE group of southwestern observatories and made several presentations at the group’s December 2006 meeting at Whipple Observatory.

ƒ Major events supported by PO staff include: Astronomy Day, Prescott, AZ; ADASS conference at Kitt Peak; Elderhostel at U. Arizona; College Academy for U. Arizona parents; Pima County Educator Fair; Mars Phoenix Mission Day at Pima Air & Space Museum; the Texas Star Party; and the Advanced Imaging Workshop in San Jose.

The following 2006–2007 data goes to mid-August 2007.

School Group Tours

1,600 1,401 1,400 1,220 1,200 1,107 1,028 998 1,000

# School Kids 800 662 529 600 491

400

200

- 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 Fiscal Year

AOP Program Participants 6-Year Total

350 312

274 268 300

250 212 183 200 161 # Participants 150

100

50

- 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 Fiscal Year

43 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

NOP Program* Participants 6-Year Total

8,000 7,017 6,895 6,504 6,673 6,136 7,000

6,000 4,157 5,000

# of Participants 4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

- 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 Fiscal Year

* Note: Lost 75 NOP nights due to bad weather in FY07, compared to 81 in FY06. Visitation levels were also hurt by high gasoline prices, and the fact that we were closed for 12 days (8 days for the fire, 2 days for a rockslide, and 2 nop nights due to fire in March). Estimated loss in revenue was around 12 to 14K. The month of September (445 on average) is estimated.

Guided Public Tours

16000 14,490 12,930 14000

12000 10,546

10000 8,141

# of Participants 8000

6000 4,274

4000

2000

0 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 Fiscal Year

5.3 MEDIA AND PUBLIC INFORMATION

NOAO’s media and public information group coordinates news releases, media events and visits, fact sheets, posters, the NOAO Newsletter, and other visual products that explain NOAO’s latest research and organizational activities. It also coordinates NOAO’s public Web presence and external use of NOAO imagery, and serves as the primary response point for public inquiries and general emails. Associate Director for PAEO D. Isbell was named by the AAS as the co-chair of the U.S. program committee for the planned IAU/UNESCO “International Year of Astronomy” in 2009, and he tapped S. Pompea and C. Walker to lead major subgroups on a new inexpensive telescope kit and dark skies awareness.

44 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH

Media Activity

NOAO issued 10 formal press releases in FY07 (through August) and worked extremely closely with the Gemini Observatory, the Spitzer Science Center, and LSST Corp. on several others (see table below). News stories about NOAO, NSO, and Kitt Peak appeared regularly in the Arizona Daily Star and local Tucson media, including extensive coverage of the Alambre wildfire that was very positive from a Kitt Peak perspective; at the very same time, the observatory was named one of the “Seven Wonders of Southern Arizona” by the readers of the Arizona Daily Star. PAEO Associate Director D. Isbell and R. Wilson were interviewed by KOLD-TV Tucson during a series of live news broadcast interviews on 28 June, followed by live views of Jupiter and the Moon during the 10 P.M. broadcast from the Visitor Center Observatory.

NOAO Press Releases Issued in FY2007 And Associated Media Coverage I.D Date Title Highlights of Media Coverage 06-12 10/26/06 Watch Mercury Transit the Sun on Exploratorium museum live November 8 Live from Kitt Peak National Webcast Observatory 06-13 11/03/06 NOAO in the NSF Astronomy Senior Arizona Daily Star, major science Review magazines 06-14 11/14/06 Twenty New Stars in the Neighborhood Space.com, www.astrobio.net, www.spacedaily.com, FoxNews.com, www.sciencenews.org,Yahoo.com LSSTC-05 1/5/07 Google Joins LSST Project 07-01 1/07/07 Calling Dr. Frankenstein! : Interactive MSNBC.com, FoxNews.com, Binaries Show Signs of Induced SkyTonight. com Hyperactivity 07-02 1/07/07 New Images of the Bubble Nebula and Slacker Astronomy video podcast Barnard 163 from Kitt Peak 07-03 1/10/07 Spiral Galaxy Image Benefits From Space.com,BadAstronomy.com, Vigilance on Dark Skies StarStryder blog, 07-04 3/07/07 Two Ways to Participate in GLOBE at Richmond Times-Dispatch, Night 2007: Classic and Digital Huntsville Times, Pasadena Star- News, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Astronomy magazine Chandra Science 3/12/07 NOAO Deep-Wide Data Helps Capture Center release Black Hole Evolution 07-05 3/21/07 Buell T. Jannuzi Named Director of Kitt Peak National Observatory 07-06 5/16/07 Image of Star-Forming Region Released in Honor of Stephen Strom 07-07 5/28/07 Classic and Digital Versions of GLOBE at Space.com, NewScientist.com Night Thrive in 2007 Science 6/1/07 Science Foundation Arizona Awards $3.2 Tucson Citizen, Arizona Daily Star,

Foundation Million Through its K-12 Student & Business Journal of Phoenix Arizona release Teacher Discovery Program Spitzer Science 8/06/07 Monster Galaxy Pileup ABCNews.com,NewScientist.com, Center release BBCNews.com

45 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Special Information Products

Public Affairs produced a variety of special posters and brochures in FY07, including a cohesive set of posters on the “system,” three large new exhibit-sized images from the Mayall 4-m telescope, new handouts on SMARTS and SOAR, posters for the VOEvent workshop, and continued graphical support for LSST, including a major science poster session at the January 2007 AAS meeting.

Image and Information Requests More than 1,990 individual email questions about astronomy or requests to use NOAO images for commercial and non-commercial applications were processed in FY07, including approved requests for use in calendars, amateur astronomy software packages, children’s educational magazines, textbooks, and popular books. Over 1,750 mailings were sent out last year, as well as countless individual responses to requests for information on astronomy and our public programs received via telephone and walk-ins.

Web-Based Outreach NOAO continues to present a timely and lively public “face” on the Internet, changing the featured image on the main home page 38 times in FY07, and adding 19 images to the popular NOAO Image Gallery. New Web sites were created for Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) part of the O/IR System, and an Asteroids resource page for teachers and students. The Web pages for the AURA New Initiatives Office received a redesign as that office changed to the GSMT Program Office. Additionally the O/IR System Web site was redesigned, as well as the Astronomy RBSE Web site, which transitioned from the TLRBSE Web site. Images from NOAO telescopes were highlighted 10 times on the popular “Astronomy Picture of the Day” Web page and were featured four times on the Space.com “Image of the Day.” NOAO Web pages had 4.3 million unique visitors from October 2006 through September 2007, resulting in 15.2 million page views and more than 65 million hits.

46

6 COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORK SERVICES

6.1 TUCSON

The downtown Tucson computing facilities continue to evolve as older systems are replaced by newer systems that are more cost-effective and easier to maintain, while providing enhanced services (higher processor speed and increased disk storage) to our computer users. In general, we try to replace our “core” facilities every 3 to 4 years. In particular, new rack-mounted systems running FreeBSD (with external RAID arrays where necessary) were installed in FY07 as our Web server (www.noao.edu) and ssh bastion host (ssh.noao.edu). Staff computing resources continue to be a mix of PCs running Windows, Macintosh systems, and Linux systems. The infrastructure in the Tucson computer lab was continually upgraded to meet the demands of computer installations for the various groups and projects within NOAO Tucson. In FY07, a keycard entry system was installed on both doors leading to the lab allowing control and tracking of access. A multi-year effort was begun to study and improve the cooling and power systems in the computer lab. The network infrastructure in the downtown Tucson office building was upgraded in FY07 to increase performance and reliability. At several wiring centers around the headquarters building, sets of older Ethernet switches were replaced by newer, high-capacity, switches that provided Gigabit connections to individual offices and multiple-Gigabit backhaul to the network backbone. An audit was begun of network cables in the building since many of the original cable labels had faded into illegibility. Efforts to improve the security and robustness of our network continued in FY07. Elderly SunOS systems were removed from direct contact with the Internet and from duty as secondary DNS servers. Attempts were begun to reduce the number of machines exposed to the Internet for ssh and ftp connections.

6.2 KITT PEAK

Many new computers, all running Linux, were installed at Kitt Peak telescopes in the past year. At the 4-m, eight computers were installed in the computer room to run the software for NEWFIRM. The NEWFIRM computer functions and the number of systems for each function are: observing (1), MONSOON PAN (2), data handling (2), pipeline (2), and guider (1). Other embedded systems and controllers are on the NEWFIRM instrument. At WIYN, two computers were installed for each of the new instruments: QUOTA and WHIRC. One of these computers is for observing, and the other is the MONSOON PAN system. At the 2.1-m, a new observing computer was installed and the old SunOS system (lapis) was relegated to the computer room for data acquisition. The IR SunOS data acquisition computer (royal) was upgraded, and a similar upgrade is planned for the Coude Feed observing computer (indigo). Additional memory for the old SUN systems was purchased, and refurbished spare SparcStations were prepared. All the KPNO/WIYN DVD writers were upgraded to provide faster writing speeds and support for dual-layer format. Several fast Ethernet switches at the telescopes were upgraded to gigabit switches. Some of the Linux operating systems were upgraded. On our new systems, we are using the CentOS version of Linux, moving from the Fedora Core releases in order to have a more stable platform. A Linux-based replacement for the CAMAC electronics at the 2.1-m was developed and installed a couple of months earlier than planned when the CAMAC system failed and was not repairable.

47 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

In the next fiscal year, the main control computer (cinnamon) at the 4-m will be upgraded, and a control computer will be installed at the 2.1-m. At WIYN, a MONSOON controller and two supporting computers will be installed for the Bench Spectrograph. Also at WIYN, a test system for the primary mirror active controllers will be installed using software based on LabView.

6.3 NOAO SOUTH: LA SERENA & CERRO TOLOLO

In the south this past year we made massive inroads into owning our own IP space. For many years this space, 139.229.0.0/16, had been the property of NASA, and it has caused us great concern should NASA decide to reclaim the space for its own usage. However, working with the people at Marshall, we were able to convince them of our dependence on these addresses; their willingness and cooperation helped us to transfer officially the space to be administered by AURA South. Additional highlights of the year follow:

ƒ Our contract with Las Campanas has been continued with a renewal of the MOU with more explicit terminology mutually agreed upon by both parties.

ƒ Network security continues to take up much of a full person’s time, and we have recently installed a Barracuda virus and spam filter for NOAO South.

ƒ At the end of FY07, we are canceling our Commercial Internet service with Telmex. This was a circuit over the Reuna link to Santiago and then a portal to Telmex. In FY08, we will utilize our direct link to Miami for all International Commercial traffic and increase the bandwidth to 5Mb vice 4Mb. The I2 link with Lauren has performed reliably and only experienced one outage of a couple of days for the whole year. This link will be upgraded to 155Mb on the East coast for support of DECam, and we will see a westcoast circuit from Santiago to Los Angeles later this year of 1.2Gb.

ƒ VOIP has essentially been on hold due to funding levels, but we are optimistic next year will enable us to move forward on this project. Wiring offices has commenced.

ƒ At the commencement of FY07, CISS was formally transferred to report directly to the CTIO Director, as opposed to ETS as in the past.

ƒ The CISS manager has spent 10% of his time attending to LSST computer and networking support.

ƒ CISS continues to maintain the entire shared network infrastructure enjoyed by Gemini and SOAR, both internal and external networks.

La Serena

We have continued with Fedora OS and are using version 6 in some machines. There does not seem to be any pressure to change OS at this stage. Typically, we install the latest good known version of Fedora as new machines arrive. Some 64-bit versions are also in use. We installed four new rack-mounted servers with RAIDs for our mail, WWW, and central visitor servers. These machines all have second private Ethernet ports for backups. We are in the process of installing card-locked metal doors for entrance to the Computer room in La Serena. This is part of the security measures that are being adopted in response to the NSF initiatives.

48 COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORK SERVICES

The DPP has added more equipment to the computer room, and TMT has installed two servers. This increase in machines has added to the heat problems that are overwhelming the aging A/C unit. The computer room air conditioner is now 20 years old and is starting to show its age. We have been attempting to have the Chile reps come and give the unit a complete upgrade and overhaul but this has taken most of the year to accomplish. Our old backup server utilizing LaCie disk drives has been replaced with an ASL 2U RAID with 2.5TB of storage. This essentially backs up daily all the User Home directories. We also have a backup unit for Windows users. Due to the large outlay for a central UPS unit for the computer room, we have adopted rack units, mainly of 3KvA each. Apple Mac machines have become more ubiquitous, both as central servers and desktops, so there is the need to supply service for these units. CISS is slowly coming up to speed for this objective. We have retired our old Cat5000 and Cat4000 central switches and moved to a Cat6500 9-slot unit, which serves all network ports in La Serena with GigE. The Cat4000 was transferred to DPP for their use in Tucson. Support has continued for the SMSN/Essence project, but this may be the final year of our involvement. Service to the REU students and their machines continues, and this year promises to see an increase in students. Considerable resources are spent attending to the students during their time at CTIO.

Cerro Tololo

We are still maintaining the systems for Arcon. The computer hardware is no longer supported by the manufacturers, so we buy parts from Ebay to clone machines. All of the telescope Arcon systems are cloned in case of failure. Some work has been accomplished to decrease the number of screens in the computer room, i.e., utilize a central observing machine connected via VNC to the instrument computers in the 4-m console room. CISS continues to service SMARTS for their computer and networking needs. The new Cat6500 switch is fully functional to support the mountaintop with GigE wherever needed. We will be upgrading to Supervisor 2 modules in a short period.

Las Campanas J. Hughes has managed this account and reports that the CISS effort the past year involved the following activities:

ƒ Planned, documented, configured and deployed firewalls, new routers and switches to successfully segment the LCO network.

ƒ Developed component purchase lists for new managed network appliances, system servers, telescope operator and user workstations, and spares.

ƒ Wrote and disseminated LCO network diagrams and documents, progress reports, training documents, and WWW pages.

ƒ Planned, documented and executed switch of LCO computers to new IP numbers at the Polish, bodega, Nagoya, Lodge, ASB, 100, 40, and AUX subnets.

49 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

ƒ Dealt with LCO security at administrative, firewall, network appliance, host, and application levels including prevention, monitoring of break-ins, and recovery.

ƒ Maintained LCO’s older and Plone-based WWW server, email, DNS, DHCP and other servers, and LCO’s JIRA bug-tracking system.

ƒ Supported scientific software developement and debugging for turbina, PGPLOT, MONGO, IRAF, IDL, and other packages.

ƒ Developed and deployed upgraded Microsoft, Linux, and Apple system software for existing and new machines as requested or needed.

ƒ Monitored LCO system operation and fixed detected or reported problems due to failures of computers or network devices.

ƒ Provided on-site and helpdesk support for LCO system, security, and network problems and issues (including new instrument deployment).

ƒ Provided consultation services for other network, security, and computer issues.

50

APPENDIX A NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

¬New appointment in FY07 Non-NSF (external) funding ±Term ended in FY07

FY07 Accomplishments and FY08 PLANS

HELMUT A. ABT, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Formation and evolution of double stars; publication statistics

FY07 Accomplishments: Abt considered the binary characteristics of metal-poor and metal-normal stars. He found that they have very different period distributions, which explains why previous observers obtained differing binary frequencies for those stars. Also, they imply different formation histories. Abt found that in five sciences (astronomy, chemistry, geophysics, math, and physics) the numbers of papers published annually during the past 30 years were proportional to the memberships of their societies (e.g., AAS) and showed no jumps as new equipment (new spacecraft, telescopes, detectors, computers, etc.) came into operation. The conclusion is that the bottleneck is the numbers of scientists. For a conference in Brussels in June, Abt surveyed sources of references in A&A and ApJ during the past 50 years and found that those that were increasing in frequency (journals, preprints, reviews) are the ones now available on-line, while the remainder (observatory publications, theses, conference papers, monographs, etc.) are decreasing in frequency.

FY08 Plans Abt has been obtaining MK classifications for the northern stars in visual multiples and brighter than B = 8. The first 2000 classifications have been published and the remaining 600 are being obtained. He has also been concerned with the orbital characteristics of the discovered exoplanets and their similarity with multiple stars, rather than with solar system planets.

DMITRY BIZYAEV, Research Associate±

ROBERT BLUM, Associate Astronomer (TSIP Program Manager)

Research Interests The Galactic Center; massive star formation; resolved stellar populations; astronomical instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Blum, along with PI K. Cunha and CO-Is V. Smith, K. Sellgren, S. Ramirez, and D. Terndrup, finished the first part of a long-term project to measure alpha element abundances in the Galactic Center’s central few parsecs. This groundbreaking work finds alpha enhancements in a young population, an unexpected result from standard chemical enrichment and SFH scenarios. The Galactic center may be enriched by material lost from AGB stars in the Galactic bulge, and a top heavy IMF in the central regions could also produce the observed abundances. New data used in the analysis were obtained as part of Blum’s work using Phoenix (the NOAO IR echelle) on Gemini South.

A-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

FY08 Plans Blum will continue to participate in the Spitzer SAGE survey of the LMC. Blum leads the evolved star group. A new postdoc will be hired to help in this effort. Former SAGE postdoc Sean Points left to take a permanent position at CTIO/SOAR. Blum will observe SAGE sources in November at SOAR for near infrared follow-up and spectral type assignment of a large set of SAGE AGB and YSO being observed in Cycle 4 with Spitzer. The ground-based data will be key in modeling the LMC AGB stars and identifying sub-groups in the YSO population. Graduate student S. Srinivasan of JHU will use the new spectra as part of his thesis work aimed at calculating detailed mass loss rates from the SAGE data set. Blum plans on participating in the Flamingos 2 Galactic Center Survey this year (PI S. Eikenberry, UF). This near infrared MOS will be used to obtain many hundreds of spectra in the Galactic Center to be used as tracers of the SFH there.

TODD BOROSON Astronomer (Interim Director, NOAO)

Research Interests Structural and physical properties of active galactic nuclei; stellar populations and their evolution; O/IR instrumentation; analysis and mining of large astronomical data sets

FY07 Accomplishments Boroson completed the development of tools for processing the many thousands of SDSS QSO spectra that have now been released and measuring line and continuum parameters. These tools will provide a uniform and objective set of data for analysis to better understand the more subtle relationships among observable characteristics and physical parameters in these objects. In addition, in collaboration with D. Schneider and M. Eracleous (Penn State U.), he has obtained initial (first epoch) spectra of a sample of ten possible binary black hole AGN, in which the H-beta line peak is offset from the systemic velocity by thousands of km/s.

FY08 Plans Boroson plans a 9-month sabbatical to start before the end of FY08, during which he will use the automatic tools developed in the past two years to complete the analysis of the low-redshift SDSS QSO spectra and interpret the observed characteristics in terms of physical parameters. Spectra of the sample of possible binary black hole AGN will be analyzed in search of evidence that the offset H- beta peaks are varying with time, indicating orbital motion.

MARK BRODWIN, Postdoc Research Associate¬

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; high redshift galaxy clusters and their evolution; observational cosmology; astrophysics in the near– and mid–infrared; photometric redshifts and multi–wavelength selection techniques

FY07 Accomplishments Brodwin was a key coauthor on a major paper submitted in FY07 that described a large survey of galaxy clusters discovered using the photometric redshifts he calculated from NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) optical and Spitzer mid-infrared data. The sample contains 335 galaxy clusters, some of which are over 10 billion light years away. Brodwin also submitted a follow-up paper in which the clustering properties of these galaxy clusters were determined. This analysis showed that these distant clusters have masses of about 1014 solar masses, and that their clustering is similar to that of nearby clusters. Measurements like this will be required to accurately constrain cosmological parameters in upcoming large-scale cluster surveys.

A-2 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

FY08 Plans Brodwin is a member of several collaborations, including the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey, the Far- Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL, PI Dickinson), the Spitzer Deep-Wide Field Survey (SDWFS), the HST Cluster Supernova Survey, the Blanco Cosmology Survey (PI Mohr), and the FLAMINGOS Extragalactic Survey (FLAMEX, PI Gonzalez). He plans to study the properties of massive high redshift cluster galaxies using mid-IR data from Spitzer and high-resolution imaging from HST. He also plans to calculate consistent photometric redshifts across all the FIDEL fields to facilitate comprehensive studies of the properties of massive star-forming galaxies between redshift 1 and 2, at the peak era of star formation.

CHRISTINE CHEN, Research Associate (Spitzer Fellow, NASA)

Research Interests Star and planet formation

FY07 Accomplishments Chen, in collaboration with M. Jura (UCLA) and J. Najita, has begun analysis of Spitzer MIPS 24- and 70-micron observations of 113 F- and G-type stars in Sco-Cen. We have discovered ~40 new dusty disks, some with fractional infrared luminosities commensurate with that observed toward beta Pictoris. We have measured 24-micron disk fractions of 6/18 (33% ±14%), 19/49 (39% ±9%), and 8/46 (17% ±6%) for Upper Scorpius (~5 Myr), Lower Centaurus Crux (~16 Myr), and Upper Centaurus Lupus (~17 Myr), respectively. We show that the 24-micron excess observed toward solar- like stars peaks at an age of ~15 Myr, suggesting that giant planet formation may trigger the production of debris in disks around young stars. We searched for signs that disk properties are dependent on stellar mass, but found no convincing evidence that disk properties are (anti-)correlated with stellar mass.

FY08 Plans Chen plans to complete her Spitzer MIPS study of F- and G-type stars in Sco-Cen. In addition, she hopes to complete a MIPS 24-and 70-micron study of 155 zero-age main sequence A-type stars, in collaboration with M. Jura (UCLA), to try to determine whether the infrared excess produced by small grains in these systems is generated by steady state grinding of parent bodies or stochastic events such as planet migration during the final stages of planetary system evolution. With the IRS Disks team (lead by D. Watson, U. of Rochester), she plans to use Spitzer IRS in low-resolution mode to follow- up debris disk candidates identified in these surveys to (1) search for spectral features that provide insight into grain composition and size and (2) characterize the emergent SED to contrain the spatial distribution of the circumstellar dust.

CHARLES F. CLAVER, Scientist

Research Interests Age and history of the Milky Way; stellar populations; large optical/infrared telescopes; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; astronomical instrumentation; atmospheric physics

FY07 Accomplishments As telescope/site scientist and Systems Engineer for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), Claver has continued his work on the design and development of the 8.4-m, 3.5-degree field-of-view telescope system. Claver was one of the primary authors of the LSST’s MREFC proposal to the NSF. As part of the design effort, Claver and Gressler (NOAO) worked with a commercial company to develop a detailed non-sequential optical model of the LSST to analyze the affects of stray and scatter light in the LSST. Claver has continued his development work for new wavefront curvature analysis

A-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

software to work with the unusual pupil geometry. Claver and Mighell (NOAO) worked with REU student T. J. Rodigas over the summer to develop a MATLAB-based prototype of the LSST wavefront sensing image processing pipeline. In the systems engineering role, Claver has developed a comprehensive systems engineering model that has become the LSST project’s primary configuration control and requirements management tool.

FY08 Plans Claver plans to continue his work on the LSST project toward detailing system requirements, developing an operations model, and advancing the telescope design and control in preparation of a Preliminary Design Review. Claver, with others from the LSST project, will use the recently installed infrared all-sky camera on Cerro Pachón to evaluate the relationship between IR imagery and visible extinctions as part of LSST calibration studies. He will also continue leading the development of the alignment and wavefront sensing strategy for the LSST active optics control system. Claver will also continue in his role as the LSST Systems Engineer. He plans to continue his observation work on old open clusters in the Milky Way.

STEVEN K. CROFT, Senior Science Education Specialist (Astronomer)

Research Interests Variable stars; planetary geology and geophysics

FY07 Accomplishments Croft continued his work in formal and informal science education. He completed work on the Investigating Astronomy project in partnership with TERC, providing scientific content and images to the effort that will produce the first new astronomy textbook in 20 years aimed at high school students. He also continued to develop an asteroid research project aimed at middle school students in support of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope educational outreach effort, including completion of a beta version, middle school curriculum presently available online. Croft helped develop the new “Building Information Technology Skills through Astronomy (BITS)” program and conduct the first year’s workshops. He also continued work on the educational outreach project supporting the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope project. He continued in the A-RBSE program, providing technical support and running the project’s remote-controlled telescope program.

FY08 Plans Croft will continue development of educational modules for the GSMT project. He will also continue development and classroom testing of the asteroid research project for the LSST EPO program. He will continue development of the BITS project, including school-year teacher support and the second year of workshops. Finally, he will also continue coordinating the remote telescope portion of the Teacher Observing Program and provide technical support to the A-RBSE program.

ARJUN DEY, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; high-redshift galaxies; large-scale structure; AGN evolution and clustering

FY07 Accomplishments Dey spent most of FY07 on sabbatical at U. Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy, the Spitzer Science Center, and UC Santa Cruz. Dey is one of the two PIs (with B. Jannuzi) of the NOAO Deep Wide- Field Survey (NDWFS), an investigation of galaxy evolution and clustering over an unprecedented volume. This survey has spurred a huge investment in ground- and space-based resources (VLA, Westerbork, Spitzer, MMT, Keck, GALEX, Chandra), and the resulting unique multi-wavelength

A-4 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

database is allowing a comprehensive study of galaxy evolution and structure formation in the 0

FY08 Plans Dey will continue to work primarily on galaxy evolution and clustering, using the NDWFS and related survey data. He plans to continue studying the clustering and evolution of the red envelope galaxy population, investigating the growth of the central black holes in these systems, and studying the high- z Lyman break galaxy population. He supervises two thesis students at the U. Arizona Astronomy Dept. Along with M. Prescott (U. Arizona graduate student), Dey is studying the space density of large Lyman Alpha-emitting nebulae and the constraints they place on the formation of massive galaxies. With S. Bussmann (U.Arizona graduate student), he is studying the physical properties of a sample of high-redshift obscured AGN. Dey is also a member of a team attempting a very large survey of red giant stars in the halo of the Andromeda Galaxy. Dey will participate in the WFMOS Conceptual Study (being led by the AAO) in the role of Survey Scientist, organizing the core science teams to carry out the two key scientific projects (a Dark Energy study and a Galactic Archaeology study). He serves on the NOAO working group on the Evolution of the System of OIR Facilities.

DAVID DE YOUNG, Astronomer

Research Interests Theoretical astrophysics, especially non-linear phenomena; galaxy clusters; active galactic nuclei; extragalactic radio sources; MHD and hydrodynamic phenomena

FY07 Accomplishments De Young, in collaboration with T.W. Jones (U. Minnesota) and S. M. O’Neill (U. Minnesota) has carried out a series of three-dimensional time dependent MHD simulations of the evolution of radio sources in rich clusters of galaxies. The intent of these calculations is to examine the degree of mixing and heating of the intracluster medium (ICM) that results from their formation and evolution. This in turn will test the popular idea that AGN “feedback” can solve the cluster “cooling flow” problem. Preliminary results from these calculations show that the presence of magnetic fields with correlation lengths of order of the scale of the radio source serve to inhibit mixing and heating of the ICM. This is consistent with earlier two-dimensional results, even though many new features appear in the three- dimensional calculations. De Young also co-organized a week-long scientific meeting on relativistic jets (with T. Rector, U. Alaska), held in Anchorage, Alaska in May 2007. Approximately 100 astronomers and astrophysicists from the U.S., Europe, and Latin America attended this international meeting.

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FY08 Plans De Young will complete the series of three-dimensional MHD calculations described above, including several different field geometries and scales. Work will also continue on the entrainment of mass in extragalactic jets in the presence of magnetic fields, as will calculations of the evolution of “heavy” jets from AGN in order to explain the extreme degree of collimation seen in many extragalactic outflows. De Young will also continue ongoing research with T. Rector (U. Alaska) on the evolution of compact outflows from the nuclei of active galaxies.

MARK DICKINSON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; high redshift galaxies; active galactic nuclei

FY07 Accomplishments Dickinson is principal investigator for a new Legacy science survey with the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Far-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL). This program is obtaining the deepest Spitzer far-infrared (70 and 160 microns) imaging covering approximately 0.6 square degrees in three premier survey fields, to study thermal dust emission from infrared-luminous and ultraluminous galaxies and active galactic nuclei at redshifts out to z=2. The data were obtained throughout FY07, and are currently being reduced and analyzed; the first public data release was in June 2007, with more upcoming. Dickinson and his colleagues from his earlier Spitzer Legacy program, the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), have continued to publish results on high redshift galaxy evolution, most notably two recent papers (Daddi et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 156 and 173), which comprehensively study the nature of mid-infrared emission from massive galaxies at redshift 1.4 < z < 2.5, and which uncovered a very large population of previously unknown, dust-obscured AGN, Compton-thick to X-ray emission. Dickinson is supervising three NOAO post-doctoral researchers working on various aspects of galaxy evolution: S. Salim, N. Reddy, and M. Brodwin. He is also supervising the Ph.D. thesis research of U. of Arizona graduate student S. Juneau.

FY08 Plans Dickinson will be leading the continued analysis of the FIDEL Spitzer data, including the reduction of the various data sets, their correlation with other multiwavelength data on these fields, the preparation of a series of public data releases, and the publication of scientific results, including studies of the dust properties of distant, luminous starburst galaxies, the cross-calibration of various independent star formation rate indicators, and the search for Compton thick AGN at moderate redshifts (where they are expected to dominate the hard X-ray background). He is a member of several other active science collaborations, including two Hubble Treasury programs: the “PEARS” ACS grism survey of the GOODS fields led by S. Malhotra (ASU); and a program of NICMOS imaging covering about 1/6th of the GOODS areas, targeting (primarily) massive galaxies at z~2–3 (PI C. Conselice, Nottingham UK). Dickinson expects to make use of KPNO’s new, wide-field, near-infrared camera, NEWFIRM, both in his own research on galaxy evolution and as a member of the team developing the data reduction pipeline for the instrument.

GREGORY DOPPMANN, Postdoc Research Associate¬

JONATHAN H. ELIAS, Astronomer (Manager, GSMT Program Office)

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; Magellanic Clouds; supernovae

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FY07 Accomplishments Elias provided scientific oversight of the AURA New Initiatives Office (NIO) as it transitioned from direct support of the Thirty-Meter Telescope project to an oversight role, with increased importance attached to the AURA GSMT Science Working Group. At the same time, NIO began the process of combining with other parts of NOAO as a more general “OIR system development” activity.

FY08 Plans Elias’s scientific activities planned for FY08 will be in support of GSMT and OIR System development, including, but not limited to, support of the GSMT Science Working Group.

KATY GARMANY, Associate Scientist (Senior Science Education Specialist)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of massive stars

FY07 Accomplishments Garmany continued management of the RBSE program, including recruiting teachers, teaching an on- line component, and organizing the summer workshop, which included four nights at Kitt Peak, using four different telescopes. She managed the teacher/student observing program (TOP) and handled groups at the 0.9-m, and developed a student project using data from this telescope. She taught Astronomy 102 at the Tohono O’odham Community College in Sells. She wrote a successful proposal to Science Foundation Arizona for an “RBSElite” program for Arizona middle school teachers, and conducted the first of its three annual workshops, titled “Astro BITS.” She is a co-editor for the ASP Conference proceedings for the 2007 annual meeting. Garmany collaborated with K. Cunha on a Magellan observing proposal, which has been awarded time in December.

FY08 Plans Garmany will continue managing the RBSE program and the Astro BITS program, with particular emphasis on putting material on the NOAO Web site for teachers to use. She will develop a program for the Tohono O’odham schools, at their request, entitled “Reach for the Stars.” She expects to observe with the Magellan telescope in late December.

KENNETH H. HINKLE, Scientist

Research Interests Peculiar and late-type stars; circumstellar and interstellar matter; molecular spectroscopy; instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Hinkle continued his work on the evolution of late-type binary systems. In collaboration with Brittain (Clemson) and Lambert (Texas), Hinkle published an analysis of the circumbinary disk of the prototype post-AGB binary HR 4049. High-resolution spectra of the CO and H2O line profiles provided insight into the mechanism for the release of gas by circumbinary grains and the accretion of this gas to the stellar surface. In collaboration with Fekel (Tennessee State), Joyce (NOAO), Lebzelter (Vienna), and Wood (ANU), Hinkle published the fifth paper in a series on symbiotic binary orbits. The systems analyzed all contained a white dwarf secondary and red giant primary. With Lebzelter, Hinkle completed a publication on the final flash evolution of the stellar remnant V605 Aql. Hinkle also published papers with McSaveney and collaborators (ANU) on LMC/SMC AGB star abundances and, with Lebzelter and collaborators, on Spitzer observations of dust around 47 Tuc AGB stars.

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FY08 Plans Hinkle will be working with Joyce (NOAO), Jaffe (Texas), Bernstein (Michigan), Brittain (Clemson), and Kulesa (Arizona) on a proposal for a high-resolution, near-infrared spectrograph. Hinkle plans to continue his collaboration with Brittain on post-AGB stars with a publication on the peculiar binary HD 44179. With García-Hernández and Lambert (Texas), Hinkle will continue his work on the detailed CNO abundances of the HdC class of stellar remnants. Abundance analysis of the rare oxygen isotopes, which are conspicuous in Phoenix spectra observed in 2007 at Gemini, will constrain the evolutionary history. Additional observations and publications of evolved late-type binary orbits will be done in collaboration with Fekel and Joyce. Hinkle plans a publication with Wallace (NOAO) and Richter (U.C. Davis) on the circumstellar chemistry of ethylene. Hinkle and N. Smith (Berkley) are planning a paper on the spectral imaging of resonance scattered CO lines in the circumstellar shells of several massive evolved stars.

STEVE B. HOWELL, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Observational studies of interacting binary stars; photometric time-domain surveys; CCD instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Howell used Spitzer Space Telescope observations to discover circumbinary dust disks around interacting binary stars. These disks were unexpected and will have implications for the evolution of binary stars. Studying the low mass companions to white dwarfs in interacting binary stars, Howell and collaborators have found high levels of stellar activity and evidence for solar-like cycles on very late M stars and 30–50 Jupiter-mass brown dwarfs. The activity seems to be induced by the white dwarf’s very high magnetic field, which drives electric currents in the interior of the low mass companion. Howell continued his work as a member of the NASA Kepler mission, concentrating this year on methods to monitor the health of the spacecraft focal plane CCD detectors while in orbit and modeling the expected population of eclipsing binaries (likely false-positive transit events) that Kepler will observe.

FY08 Plans Howell will continue work on the NASA Kepler mission now slated for launch in early 2009. Howell will start selection and observation of a control group of stars within the Kepler field of view to help characterize the host stars eventually found by Kepler to harbor Earth-like planets. Howell will be involved in two large-area ground-based photometric surveys: one to search for exo-planet transits and the other to aid the LSST project in planning for variability and transient object science. Infrared spectroscopy will continue as a means of identification and study of the low mass companions in interacting binary stars. Howell will continue Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the dust surrounding interacting binaries, concentrating on spectroscopic observations at 5–14 microns and model fits to these data.

BUELL T. JANNUZI, Astronomer (Director, Kitt Peak National Observatory)

Research Interests Observational cosmology; formation and evolution of large-scale structure; quasars and quasar absorption line systems; instrumentation for surveys

FY07 Accomplishments Jannuzi became Director of Kitt Peak National Observatory in March 2007. Jannuzi continued work as Co-PI with A. Dey on the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS), an 18-square-degree optical

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and near-IR imaging survey designed to study the formation and evolution of galaxies and large-scale structure in the Universe. The survey covers two sub-fields located in the constellations Boötes and Cetus. Imaging observations for the NDWFS were completed in 2004, but processing of the images continued in FY07. The Boötes field images and catalogs were released in October 2004. Jannuzi has been preparing the Cetus data for release. Over 100 papers have already made use of these data to study a variety of astrophysical problems, and additional papers are in preparation. Jannuzi co- authored 10 of these papers (appearing or submitted in 2007), which cover a diverse set of topics that range from the role of mergers in galaxy evolution to the use of mid-infrared observations to find rare objects. Jannuzi co-authored four additional papers not related to NDWFS in FY07. These addressed topics ranging from the SNe Ia rate out to redshift 1.5 to a measurement of the AGN X-ray Luminosity function at high redshift.

FY08 Plans Jannuzi will continue to study the physical properties of Lyman-alpha absorption line systems using HST/STIS UV spectroscopy of intermediate redshift quasars. He continues to collaborate (with Bechtold, Morris, and Carswell) on comparing measurements of the spatial distribution of gas in the IGM to the distribution of galaxies in order to study the physical relationship between these two populations of baryons in the Universe. He will also remain involved in analysis of several recently completed surveys: AGES (AGN Galaxy Evolution Survey; PIs Kochaneck and Eisenstein), and CHAMP (The Chandra Multi-wavelength Project; PI P. Green). Jannuzi is a Co-I in the new Spitzer Deep Wide Field Survey (PI Stern), using IRAC to greatly extend the quality of the IRAC images of the NDWFS Boötes Field. Jannuzi is also Co-I on several smaller HST and Spitzer programs approved for time during 2007. With these programs, he will study the evolving properties of galaxies as a function of time. With P. S. Smith and G. Schmidt (Steward Observatory), Jannuzi will revisit his past studies of the polarization properties of BL Lac Objects, using new observations to investigate the variability of the polarization properties on 20-year time-scales and the resulting constraints on the physics of the “jets” producing the polarized emissions from these objects.

RICHARD R. JOYCE, Scientist

Research Interests Late-type stars; mass loss; infrared detector and instrumentation development

FY07 Accomplishments Joyce continued a long-term project with Hinkle (NOAO), Fekel (TSU) and Wood (ANU) to determine orbits of symbiotic stars by measurement of their radial velocities at infrared wavelengths, emphasizing the largely unstudied Southern sky. The results for three S-type symbiotics were published, and those for several more are in preparation. Joyce also collaborated in a study, accepted for publication, of the ejecta from the final flash star V605 Aql using HST and Gemini/Hokupa’a. IRMOS spectra of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 at R = 3000 have been reduced and are being analyzed in a search for lines of uncommon elements whose presence may be diagnostic of neutron- capture processes in the progenitor star.

FY08 Plans Joyce will continue the infrared radial velocity measurements of the Southern symbiotic stars and the abundance studies of globular cluster stars. He will use observing time with IRMOS on the Mayall telescope to extend the high spectral resolution infrared study of Planetary Nebulae to targets with a range of excitation values.

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TOM KINMAN, Astronomer Emeritus

RESEARCH INTEREST Galactic structure; galactic halo; horizontal branch stars; RR Lyrae stars

FY07 ACCOMPLISHMENTS Kinman acquired and partly reduced 430 frames of 77 RR Lyrae stars mostly in Lick Survey fields using the 32-inch Tenagra telescope. Kinman, Cacciari, et al. (2007) showed that the RR Lyrae but not BHB stars at the NGP showed retrograde motion. Kinman, Salim, Clewly (Oxford) (2007) showed that GALEX photometry could be used to isolate BHB stars. Kepley, Morrison, Helmi, Kinman, et al. (AJ accepted) investigated Halo Streams in the Solar neighborhood. Kinman began a program with Feast (Capetown) to derive absolute magnitudes for RR Lyrae stars using new Hipparcos data. Kinman continued work on the identification of BHB stars at the N. Galactic Pole.

FY08 PLANS Kinman will continue CCD photometry of RR Lyrae stars in Lick fields, if the Tenagra telescope is available. Kinman hopes to complete his paper on the isolation of BHB stars at the NGP and to start a new program on the space-motions of BHB stars in the Anti-Center with Cacciari (Bologna) and Spagna (Turin). Kinman will continue work with Feast on RR Lyrae absolute magnitudes and with Morrison (Case) on the analysis of the motions of nearby halo stars using angular momenta diagrams for the discovery of Halo streams.

TOD R. LAUER, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Extragalactic astronomy; normal galaxies; nuclear black holes; stellar populations; cosmology; astronomical image processing; space-based dark energy investigations

FY07 Accomplishments Lauer led the completion and publication of three major papers in collaboration with the HST “Nuker” Team. The first uses the central structure of elliptical galaxies to argue that the most massive galaxies may host black holes more massive than those previously detected. The second paper compiles a large sample of HST photometry of the centers of early type galaxies to show that the elliptical galaxies can be cleanly divided into two structural classes based on the onset of the core phenomenon at high galaxy luminosity. The last paper argues for the possible existence of strong bias in probes that seek to measure the co-evolution of black holes on their hosting galaxies over the age of the Universe. Lauer and collaborators are completing an investigation into the structure and composition of the blue cluster of stars surrounding the M31 black hole. Lauer (with NASA funding) has led the science and engineering teams that are defining the Destiny concept for the NASA and DOE Joint Dark Energy Mission. In terms of functional activities, Lauer continued to supervise the NOAO survey program and serves on the DPP customer team.

FY08 Plans Lauer will continue to lead defintion of the Destiny mission concept with the goal of proposing for the mission in 2008. He hopes to complete work on an HST investigation to detect the M32 main sequence. Lastly he hopes to complete analysis of adaptive optics observations obtained at Keck to search for extremely massive black holes in brightest cluster galaxies.

JANICE LEE, Postdoc Research Associate (Hubble Fellow)±

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TING-HUI LEE, Research Associate (NASA)±

Research Interests Galactic and extra-Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe); mechanisms of shaping PNe; eclipsing binaries; extrasolar planets

FY07 Accomplishments Lee and collaborators published their results on searching magnetic fields in central stars of bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe), and also results of optically thick radio cores of narrow-waist bipolar nebulae. Lee, in collaboration with Stanghellini (NOAO) and Shaw (NOAO) to study PNe in Magellanic Clouds, has analyzed high-resolution optical spectra of more than 50 PNe to obtain their chemical abundances. In addition, Lee, Howell (NOAO), and collaborators have obtained light curves of over 60,000 stars in Cygnus region to search for extrasolar planet transit candidates, and to characterize the stellar variability in this region in preparation for Kepler mission.

JENNIFER LOTZ, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; galaxy mergers; extra-galactic globular clusters; dwarf galaxies

FY07 Accomplishments Lotz completed her project to measure the galaxy merger rate in the Extended Groth Strip. Her measurements of weak evolution in the fraction of galaxy mergers at 0.2 < z < 1.2 were presented in Sintra, Portugal at “At the Edge of the Universe” conference and published in the Astrophysical Journal. With co-author B. Miller, she also published work on the globular cluster luminosity functions in Virgo and Fornax dwarf elliptical galaxies in the Astrophysical Journal. Lotz continued her project to calibrate the timescales of merger-induced morphological disturbances with N- body/hydrodynamic simulations and presented preliminary results at the “Galaxy Mergers” conference in Baltimore, MD. Lotz was on the local organizing committee for the “Massive Galaxies over Cosmic Time 2” conference sponsored by NOAO and held in Tucson.

FY08 Plans Lotz plans to continue her work using the simulations of galaxy mergers to calibrate morphological disturbance timescales and star-formation indicators. She also plans to compare the kinematic signatures and morphological signatures of galaxy mergers with a pilot WIYN Sparsepak program.

C. ROGER LYNDS, Astronomer±

LUCAS M. MACRI, Research Associate (Goldberg Fellow & NASA)

Research Interests Extragalactic Distance Scale (Cepheids, Tully-Fisher relation); resolved stellar populations; variable stars; large-scale structure (redshift surveys, peculiar velocity surveys)

FY07 Accomplishments Macri continued his work on the absolute calibration of the Cepheid Distance Scale. He analyzed HST images of Cepheids in NGC 4258 obtained during Cycle 13 with ACS/HRC and NICMOS and presented the results of that investigation at the winter AAS meeting. As a member of the SHOES project, he analyzed HST Cycle 15 ACS and NICMOS images of nearby galaxies that hosted Type Ia supernovae. The goal of this project is to measure H0 to 5% or better. He presented preliminary results

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from this project at the ESA Symposium “The Impact of HST on European Astronomy.” He continued to analyze Gemini NIRI observations of Cepheids in M33 and made significant progress in characterizing a zeropoint anomaly present in that instrument, using Kitt Peak 4-m images obtained with FLAMINGOS. Macri served as a member of the ReSTAR (Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research) committee, which has goal of providing NOAO Interim Director T. Boroson with several options to revitalize instrumentation on small- and medium-aperture (under 6 m) telescopes. He also participated in a meeting for the LSST transients and variables science working group. Macri visited a kindergarten and an elementary school in Tucson to talk about asronomy. He gave a science colloquium at NRAO Charlottesville and a public outreach talk to the Huachuca Astronomy Club in Sierra Vista. He also mentored summer REU student F. Munshi (UC Berkeley).

FY08 Plans Macri will transition to a tenure-track faculty position at Texas A&M. Before leaving, he plans to complete several papers on the Cepheid Distance Scale based on HST and Kitt Peak data.

THOMAS MATHESON, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Supernovae; novae; gamma-ray bursts; cosmology

FY07 Accomplishments Matheson was a co-author on three published papers and nine IAU/CBET Circulars in FY07. Three of the papers were on the first cosmology results from the ESSENCE project. Two of the papers were on GRBs: the first was on unusual light curves for two GRBs, the second described time-variable absorption lines from an intervening system in the afterglow of a GRB. Another paper used eclipsing binaries to find a distance to M33. Several other papers were submitted, including a study of SN 1997eg, an analysis of the spectrum of an ancient supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud (derived from the light echo of the supernova), and a large atlas of spectra of Type Ia supernovae from the Center for Astrophysics supernovae archive.

FY08 Plans Matheson will continue to coordinate spectroscopic observations for this last year of the ESSENCE project, especially use of the Gemini telescopes. He will also work on low-redshift Type Ia SNe looking for spectroscopic correlations with intrinsic luminosity. A collaboration with CfA astronomers and Harvard statisticians will look at quantitative tools for comparative spectroscopy. Matheson is also working on a project with L. Dessart (Steward Obs.) to determine a precise value of the Hubble constant using Type II supernovae. Matheson will continue his collaboration with M. Modjaz (Berkeley) on Type Ib/c supernovae, with an emphasis on the nebular phase.

K. MICHAEL MERRILL, Associate Scientist (Supervisor of Mountain Scientific Support, KPNO)

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; interstellar/circumstellar dust; infrared instrumentation; data acquisition and reduction; infrared detectors

FY07 Accomplishments Merrill was an active participant in the continuing GRB Target of Opportunity program at NOAO, led by Levan, Fruchter, and Rhoads. As lead scientist for the production and characterization of NEWFIRM arrays and the NEWFIRM Monsoon array controller, Merrill successfully identified four

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science grade arrays, currently deployed, and provided scientific oversight for the production and deployment of the MONSOON array controller for NEWFIRM.

FY08 Plans Merrill will continue as part of the GRB ToO team. Merrill expects to be an active participant in all aspects of the effort to deploy and support the NEWFIRM instrument at KPNO, and he will be the IR scientist for the planned resurrection of the detector program at NOAO. He will become a Co-PI for the REU program at KPNO.

KENNETH J. MIGHELL, Associate Scientist (REU Site Director, KPNO) (NASA)

Research Interests Stellar populations within the Galaxy; formation and evolution of Local Group galaxies; dwarf spheroidal galaxies; precision CCD stellar photometry and astrometry; parallel-processing astronomical image-analysis applications; astrophysical applications of low-count statistics

FY07 Accomplishments Mighell worked with members of Spitzer Space Telescope’s Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Instrument Team to demonstrate that his NASA-funded MATPHOT algorithm for precision stellar photometry and astrometry can yield an improvement in the precision of stellar photometry obtained from IRAC Ch1 observations of bright stars of more than 100% over the best results obtained with aperture photometry using the calibration procedures recommended in the IRAC Data Handbook. Mighell received a Spitzer Cycle 4 research grant to analyze archival observations of bright stars obtained with IRAC Ch1 and Ch2 with the goal of developing new calibration procedures that have the potential of significantly improving the precision of IRAC point-source photometry. As Site Director for the KPNO REU program, Mighell managed six bright undergraduate students from May 20 through August 25: R. McGurk (U. Washington), F. Munshi (U. California, Berkeley), A. Esselman (Whitman College), G. Angeli (U. California, Berkeley), T. Rodigas (U. Virginia), and J. Walton (U. Arkansas). Mighell lead the NOAO staff effort to write the 5-year renewal proposal, submitted in September, for the NSF-funded KPNO REU program.

FY08 Plans Mighell and members of the IRAC intrument team will carry out Spitzer Cycle 4 research on improving IRAC near-infrared stellar photometry. They plan on writing one or more articles describing their new IRAC point source calibration procedures during the next year. This effort will not only enhance the science return of existing IRAC Ch1 and Ch2 observations in the Spitzer data archive, but also those that will be made during Spitzer’s warm mission, which will start around April 2009 after all of the cryogen is depleted. Mighell will continue his efforts to improve the precision and accuracy of stellar photometry and astrometry with discrete Point Spread Functions by enhancing the capabilities of the C- language implementation of his MATPHOT algorithm. Mighell will write and submit the 2007 annual project report for the KPNO REU Site (AST 0243875) by the end of December. Preparations for the KPNO REU 2008 program are now well underway.

JEREMY MOULD, Astronomer (Director, NOAO)±

JOAN R. NAJITA, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Star and planet formation; infrared spectroscopy

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FY07 Accomplishments In their study of the thermal chemical study of the surface regions of T Tauri disks irradiated by stellar X-rays, Glassgold, Najita, and Igea (2007) predicted that [NeII] 12.8-micron emission would be bright and detectable with Spitzer IRS. This was confirmed in subsequent Spitzer IRS spectroscopy carried out by Najita and J. Carr and other groups, making [NeII] a potentially robust diagnostic of a dissipating gas disk. This hypothesis will be tested in a Spitzer GO4 project led by Najita. Najita also participated in a follow-on study with Glassgold and Meijerink of other atomic line diagnostics of X- ray irradiated disks. These studies will provide a theoretical basis for future studies with the Herschel Space Telescope. Najita also contributed to papers on Spitzer spectroscopy of transition disks, CO fundamental spectroscopy of gas in disks surrounding young intermediate-mass stars, and the relation between dust debris and planets.

FY08 Plans Najita will continue to study the gas in the inner regions of planet-forming disks. A major goal is to complete the study, with J. Carr (NRL), N. Crockett, and R. Mathieu (U. Wisconsin), of CO fundamental emission as a probe of dissipating inner disks. A related study is on the radial filling factors of gas in transition disks, utilizing both ground-based data and data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. With G. Doppmann and other members of the TEXES team, Najita will be searching for hydrocarbons and other molecules in planet-forming disks (in L-band and the mid-infrared). With S. Strom and J. Muzerolle, Najita will also complete a census of stellar accretion rates for young stars in Taurus and IC348.

STEPHEN POMPEA, Scientist (Manager, Science Education)

Research Interests Inquiry- and research-based science education; informal education program design, astronomical instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Pompea continued his program design and management work with the formal and informal science education communities as well as his technical work on stray light in optical systems, optical properties of surfaces for instrumentation, and astronomical optical systems analysis and optimization. In science education, Pompea oversaw the Astronomy-Research Based Science Education (A-RBSE) (in which he was formerly PI), which has successfully transformed itself into an NOAO core education program (led by K. Garmany), as the agreement with NSF stipulated. Pompea led the Spitzer Space Telescope Teacher and Student Observing Program (a spinoff of RBSE), which has now fostered eight research projects. The program received a NASA Group Achievement Award in 2007. Pompea was active in the NSF-funded programs: Collaboration to Advance Teaching Technology and Science (Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education) as Co-PI, Hands-On Optics (Informal Science) as Co- PI and Project Director, Astronomy from the Ground Up (ISE) as Co-PI, Investigating Astronomy (Instructional Materials) as Co-PI, and GLOBE at Night (as PI). Pompea worked on LSST and GSMT education and outreach. He also served on several education and advisory boards, including the SOFIA and COMPADRE national board of advisors. Pompea chairs the U.S. International Year of Astronomy Working Group on telescope kits and is designing a low-cost educational telescope kit for wide distribution. A major project bringing Hands-On Optics to Arizona was also begun in 2007.

FY08 Plans Pompea will continue his work on these ongoing projects in FY08. AFGU will deliver its next professional development workshop in Durham in October 2007, towards its goal of training 300 science center educators, and HOO will give additional workshops at ’Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawai’i, MESA of New Mexico, and other locales during this year. Hands-On Optics Arizona will be

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going to 10 informal science centers in Arizona as well. The A-RBSE project will continue its observing and research opportunities for teachers and students at Kitt Peak, and additional observing time with the Spitzer Space Telescope will be given to our RBSE teachers in our collaboration with the Spitzer Science Center and WISE. Pompea will continue research on developing high contrast/low stray light imaging and spectroscopic systems and in aiding NOAO and its partners on optimizing new and existing telescopes for better stray light performance. He will revise his chapter in the Handbook of Optics on spectrally selective surfaces for the next major edition, due out in 2008.

RON PROBST, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation for large telescopes; star formation

FY07 Accomplishments Probst worked as Project Scientist, Systems Engineer, and co-Project Manager (with D. Sprayberry) on the NEWFIRM infrared camera project. He accomplished the transition from laboratory integration and test to on-telescope commissioning, including definition of and participation in science verification observing programs, with major 4-m observing runs in January/February and June/July 2007. A significant part of his de facto role was coordination with the other projects and groups that collectively comprise the NEWFIRM program. He defined and supervised post-run fixes to the instrument system, and participated in policy discussions related to filter changes and the move of NEWFIRM from Mayall to Blanco telescopes.

FY08 Plans Probst will lead the NEWFIRM project through final commisioning and initial scheduled general user science observations on the Mayall 4-m in 2007–2008. He is a co-investigator on two NEWFIRM Survey proposals. User documentation will be a major task. He will also continue to work with other project teams in the program, principally the reduction pipeline project team, to improve instrument performance and deliver high quality reduced data to science users. As a member of NOAO’s internal System Development Working Group, Probst expects to contribute to instrumentation aspects of growing the U.S. system of observational capabilities, with a particular interest in infrared instrumentation on mid-size apertures (3–6 m).

NAVEEN A. REDDY, Astronomer (Research Associate)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; multi-wavelength star formation indicators; stellar populations; evolution of the intergalactic medium at high redshift; feedback processes in starburst galaxies

FY07 Accomplishments Reddy is currently working on several projects aimed at understanding the history of star formation and buildup of stellar mass in the Universe as quantified through large samples of high redshift galaxies. Reddy, along with collaborators C. Steidel (California Institute of Technology) and others, combined extensive spectroscopy from Keck with Spitzer observations to derive the most robust measurements of the luminosity and reddening distributions of star-forming galaxies at redshifts 1.9

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examine the stellar populations, stellar mass function, and extinction properties of galaxies at z~2–3. Reddy has cross-correlated a ground-based H-alpha spectroscopic sample, the largest sample of its kind at these redshifts, with deep Spitzer MIPS data to accurately calibrate the use of rest-frame 8-micron emission as a tracer of star formation in moderately luminous galaxies at z~2.

FY08 Plans Reddy will continue incorporating Spitzer data from fields with spectroscopic information, focusing on redshifts z~2–3. He will undertake an analysis of the stellar mass functions at z~2 and z~3, constrained by spectroscopy, to examine the buildup of stellar mass over these epochs and compare the shapes of the stellar mass functions at high z with those found locally in order to quantify the effects of galaxy feedback. A subset of the data are in fields that contain well-quantified redshift over-densities: one goal will be to analyze the star formation rates of galaxies as a function of large-scale environment at z~2 and connect the trends with those found locally and at z~1. Reddy is collaborating with L. Yan (SSC) to incorporate measurements of the infrared luminosity function for faint and moderately luminous galaxies with ultraluminous infrared galaxies at z~2 to study the luminosity distribution of galaxies over a much larger dynamic range in luminosity. Reddy will spend a significant fraction of time extracting photometry for and analyzing Spitzer data from the FIDEL Legacy Survey (PI Dickinson). Combining Legacy survey data with deep U-band imaging, Reddy’s goal is to quantify the trend between bolometric luminosity and dust attenuation at redshift z~1, then use this information to better quantify the redshift evolution of the extinction per unit star formation rate between 0

STEPHEN T. RIDGWAY, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar physics and exo-planetary systems; high contrast imaging; high angular resolution techniques; application of infrared methods to astronomy

FY07 Accomplishments Ridgway continued his near full-time work at NASA headquarters, under Intergovernment Personnel Act agreement, in the role of Program Scientist, Program Executive and Discipline Scientist. During his service for NOAO, he shares responsibility for oversight and management of the Adaptive Optics Development Program activity. In November he organized and chaired the “Workshop on the Future Directions for Ground-based Optical Interferometry.” Participants from NOAO and the community studied science opportunities, array concepts, candidate sites, and prepared a roadmap for development and further planning. Ridgway continues to collaborate with colleagues at CHARA and Meudon on scientific programs in optical interferometry.

FY08 Plans Ridgway will continue to devote 90% of his time to responsibilities at NASA headquarters. At NOAO, he will continue to participate in collaborative R&D and scientific programs.

GREGORY RUDNICK, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; massive galaxies at high redshift; intermediate redshift galaxy clusters

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FY07 Accomplishments Using ground-based and space-based instrumentation taken over four disjoint fields, Rudnick measured the evolution of the stellar mass density and its evolution from z=3 to z=0. Rudnick and collaborators also worked to characterize the population of massive galaxies at z=1–3 by measuring their clustering, using their colors to constrain their star formation histories (SFHs), and studying their sizes and morphologies and linking these to their stellar populations. These works appeared in a series of refereed papers. Using optical, NIR, and Spitzer data, Rudnick worked with Papovich (Steward Observatory) to accurately measure the star formation rates (SFRs) of high redshift massive galaxies and started a large spectroscopic survey to study star forming galaxies at 1.5

FY08 Plans Rudnick will complete a paper on the rest-frame optical luminosity function of red sequence cluster galaxies at 0.4

ABHIJIT SAHA, Astronomer

Research Interests Variable stars; stellar populations in nearby galaxies; distance scale; absolute calibration of Type-Ia supernovae as distance indicators; galactic structure; assembly and star formation history in nearby galaxies

FY07 Accomplishments Saha (PI) and collaborators (from multiple institutions) have proceeded with the “Outer Limits” Survey, an NOAO survey of the stellar populations in the outer extremities of the LMC/SMC complex using the Blanco 4-m telescope. Observations have progressed as planned. Reduction procedures using cross-calibrations from the CTIO 0.9-m have been used to calibrate photometry with systematic accuracy better than 0.02 mag. A pipeline-like procedure for reducing the data has been converged upon, and initial science results are being obtained. The survey is sensitive enough to detect stars associated with the L/SMC out to their nominal tidal radii, as well as far out along the leading and trailing arms of the Magellanic streams. Saha has participated in the investigation of stellar populations and Cepheids in the extremely metal-poor galaxy IZw18. This is part of a larger context of examining the universality of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation, where IZw18 provides the case of an extremely metal poor parent population. Analysis has been completed; the chief result is that stars older than the ongoing starburst in this galaxy are conclusively identified. Saha is analysing data

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obtained with the Gemini telescope to resolve the controversy over the distance to a dwarf galaxy DDO 187. In another collaboration (PI Pritzl), data from Gemini-N has been used for the discovery of RR Lyrae stars in M33. The frequency of occurrence of RR Lyraes in the disk and/or halo of M33 holds important clues to the formation of this galaxy, which appears to have had no major mergers in its lifetime; the analysis of the RR Lyrae distribution is in progress. Work is also in progress on the identification of RR Lyrae star distribution in the dwarf galaxy Leo A, using data from the ACS on HST. Saha is also involved in the general retroactive precision photometry calibration of ACS data.

FY08 Plans The majority of Saha’s research effort will go into the NOAO “Outer Limits” Survey, which will trace the extended structure of the LMC and SMC to distinguish between a spheroidal halo and an exponential disk out at distances of 7 to 15 kpc from the center. It will include a much more sensitive search for stellar tidal debris along the Magellanic stream than has been done to date. Completion of the other ongoing projects (described in FY07 Accomplishments) will take up the remaining efforts. Saha has participated over the years in the development of the WFC3 camera for HST, slated for installation in SM4 (servicing mission 4), now slated for the fall of 2008. Assuming that SM4 will happen, Saha plans to propose for HST observations that will exploit new capabilities that WFC3 will bring, such as the ability to improve the extragalactic distance scale and to identify ultra low metallicity (near primeval) stars in nearby galaxies.

SAMIR SALIM, Research Associate (NASA)¬

Research Interests Galaxy evolution at low to intermediate redshifts; multiwavelength star formation indicators

FY07 Accomplishments In collaboration with the GALEX science team, Salim completed an extensive study of star formation in galaxies in the local (z<0.2) Universe. Using GALEX UV and SDSS optical photometry, Salim and colleagues obtained precise star formation rates, stellar masses, and star-formation histories for a sample of 50,000 galaxies, spanning the range from gas-rich dwarfs to massive ellipticals. They find excellent agreement between UV and Hα derived star formation rates, while showing that UV can be applied to a wider range of galaxy types. They also find that galaxies with obscured AGN have star formation histories distinct from star-forming galaxies without AGN, suggesting that AGN are related to processes that quench the star formation in massive galaxies, turning them into early-type galaxies. More recently, Salim has started to match and analyze the data obtained so far as part of the deep Spitzer extragalactic survey in 24 and 70 μm (PI M. Dickinson).

FY08 Plans The major focus in FY08 will be on the analysis of deep Spitzer 24 and 70 μm imaging of the Extended Groth Strip, where Salim has worked previously to determine UV star formation rates and optical stellar masses for galaxies at 0

NALIN SAMARASINHA, Associate Scientist (NASA)

Research Interests Comets; asteroids; trans-Neptunian objects

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FY07 Accomplishments Samarasinha continued his investigations on coma morphologies of comets and spin evolution of both asteroids and comets. He was either the single author or a co-author of four refereed publications during this period. His coma morphological studies included comets Machholz (C/2004 Q2) and 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. He has also investigated how rotational excitation and damping could be used to infer internal structural properties of small bodies (especially Near-Earth Objects) and a manuscript detailing a spacecraft experiment has been submitted for publication.

FY08 Plans Samarasinha will complete a manuscript on image enhancement techniques (a collaboration with S. Larson of LPL/Arizona) and submit that for publication. He will complete two manuscripts based on the results from his investigation on how YORP torques would affect the spin states of sub-km size asteroids and submit them for publication.

RICHARD A. SHAW, Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of stellar evolution; planetary nebulae; Magellanic Clouds; astrophysical plasmas; stellar populations; astronomical software and data standards

FY07 Accomplishments Shaw and collaborators A. Rest, C. Smith, and others initiated a study of variability of planetary nebulae (PNe) and their central stars. This study of PNe in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) made use of data and pipeline software from the SuperMACHO survey program, conducted over the last several years at CTIO. The fraction of PNe with variable central stars (which is often a strong indicator of binarity) is unknown, and the LMC offers both a large and complete sample to address this question. Variabililty was easily detected in many PNe, yielding a sample for further study that is comparable in size to that in the Galaxy. Interestingly, in one object (RP916) the variability was found within the nebula itself, which may indicate the presence of a symbiotic central star with emission caused by a jet that interacts with the surrounding PN. Shaw presented preliminary results at the Asymmetric Planetary Nebulae—IV conference in La Palma, Spain, and a paper on RP916 has been submitted for publication. Shaw, with collaborators W. Reid and Q. Parker (Macquarie U.), continues to explore the properties of PNe in a new, deep, Hα survey of the LMC. An initial analysis of serendipitous HST observations of several new Reid-Parker catalog nebulae confirmed that the designation as PNe is accurate where the spectral classification is most secure, but where the spectral classification is ambiguous, the sample suffers from some misidentifications. With project lead L. Stanghellini, Garcia- Lario (ESA), and other collaborators, Shaw is participating in a study of dust chemistry in Magellanic Cloud PNe using Spitzer IRS spectra. As detailed in a paper submitted to ApJ, the dust chemistry tracks the gas-phase chemistry closely; there is, in addition, evidence to indicate the evolution of dust properties as both the central star and the nebula evolve. With project lead L. Stanghellini and T.-H. Lee, Shaw is also participating in an analysis of C abundance in Magellanic Cloud PNe, which is based on HST/ACS objective prism data, with the results to be submitted soon.

FY08 Plans Shaw and collaborators A. Rest, C. Smith, and others will continue their study of variability of planetary nebulae and their central stars, and will fold in IR photometry from the 2MASS and SAGE surveys to understand the nature of possible companion stars. Follow-up programs of precision photometry and spectroscopy are planned to determine the nature of the variability that has been detected so far. With Q. Parker and W. Reid, Shaw will continue to explore the properties of their new, deep, Hα survey of the LMC. Shaw will also participate in the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line

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Survey (lead by C. Smith, A. Rest, S. Points, and others). Together, these surveys and the follow-up spectroscopy will enable a much deeper understanding of the PN luminosity function, PN lifetimes, and also a detailed comparison of the velocities, chemical yields, and formation history to that of younger components of the stellar population in the Magellanic Clouds. In collaboration with L. Stanghellini and T.-H. Lee, Shaw will complete a detailed abundance analysis of LMC PNe, based on ESO/NTT echelle spectra, which will greatly improve the accuracy of the extant chemical analyses of these objects, while greatly expanding the available sample.

WILLIAM SHERRY, Research Associate (Post-doctoral)

Research Interests Young stars; star formation; OB associations; evolution of chromospheric activity

FY07 Accomplishments Sherry, in collaboration with F. Walter (SUNY Stony Brook) prepared a paper estimating the distance to the sigma Orionis cluster. This cluster is particularly interesting because roughly half of the low- mass cluster members have lost their protoplanetary disks. A more precise estimate of the cluster’s age will help constrain the lifetimes of protoplanetary disks. The largest source of uncertainty on the cluster’s age (2–3 Myrs) has been the 30% uncertainty on the distance to the cluster. The improved distance estimate (7% uncertainty) rules out the oldest ages (5–7 Myrs) that have been suggested for the cluster. Sherry, in collaboration with M. Giampapa (NSO), prepared preliminary light curves for 12 solar analogs in the Pleiades and 50 bright field stars, which were photometrically monitored nightly from early December 2005 to early February 2006. Our preliminary results (Giampapa et al. 2007, BAAS, 210, 2301G) show that the roughly 100-Myr-old cluster members are more photometrically variable than typical field stars. The goal of this project is to identify the mean level magnetic activity and the range of activity levels in roughly solar-mass stars at ages ranging from 0.1 Gyr to 5 Gyrs. An improved understanding of the evolution of the level of stellar activity in solar type stars will provide constraints for models of the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate, as well as for work on the habitable zones of solar systems around other sun-like stars.

FY08 Plans Sherry plans to continue his work on the Pleiades light curves with M. Giampapa and begin work on light curves of solar analogs in the solar age cluster M67. Sherry also plans to work on a survey looking for young, low-mass stars in the region around Orion’s belt. This will be the first phase of a long-term project to map out the boundaries and substructure of the three older groups of the Orion OB1 association (groups a–c). Low-mass stars (M<1 Msun) are critical for this project because they are much more abundant than the more easily identified high-mass stars. Any substructure that we can identify within the three groups will contribute to our understanding of the complex star forming history of this prototypical OB association. A clearer understanding of the membership and boundaries of the three associations will also produce a large number of targets for follow-up projects to estimate disk fractions among the populations ranging from 2 to 10 Myrs. This project will involve collaboration with S. Brittain (Clemson), F. Walter (SUNY Stony Brook), and J. S. Kim (Steward).

DAVID SILVA, Senior Scientist (Observatory Scientist, Thirty Meter Telescope)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies; extragalactic stellar populations; observatory operations; end-to-end data management systems

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FY07 Accomplishments Silva continued his investigation of K-band spectral feature behavior in early-type galaxies. With H. Kuntschner (ESO/ST-ECF) and M. Lybuenova (Ludwigs-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany), Silva finished an investigation of central regions of early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster. Notable among the results is the observation that early-type galaxies with stronger than average H-beta lines also have stronger than average K-band features—a clear indication of a connection between a young main sequence population and an extended giant branch. A paper describing these results has been submitted to the ApJ. Analogous observations for a small sample of field galaxies have been obtained and are currently being processed by a team led by E. Marmol Queralt (Silva, Co-I). To better understand the connection between central dynamics and stellar population properties in these galaxies, K-band integral-field unit (IFU) observations have been obtained for a sub-sample. K-band IFU observations of globular clusters in the Magellanic Clouds were obtained in support of that project. With M. Gregg (UC-Davis) and others, Silva continued work on Next Generation Spectral Library, a digital stellar library containing more than 300 stars in 4 metallicity bins. The core library contains HST STIS data at 1-Angstrom resolution from 0.18 to1.00 microns. The extension library (Silva, PI) contains R ~ 40 000 spectra in the range 0.35–1.1 microns for all NGSL stars visible from the VLT in Chile. Publications describing both datasets are in preparation. Data from the high- resolution dataset project have already been used in other projects, including Smoker et al. (2007, MNRAS, 378, 947—10 co-authors, including Silva). Silva continues to collaborate with Massey et al. on the investigation of red supergiants in Local Group galaxies using ground-based data coupled with Spitzer data. Preliminary results have appeared in various conference proceedings.

FY08 Plans The NGSL datasets will be released and described in refereed publications. At least two K-band spectral feature papers will be published—one has already been submitted. As needed, Silva will support the Massey et al. red super giant collaboration. If good data are obtained (observations scheduled for late 2007), a new study of the central dynamic and chemical properties of early-type galaxies with supermassive black holes will begin using laser guide star AO-assisted near-IR IFU observations (Silva, Co-I).

R. CHRIS SMITH, Associate Astronomer (Head of Data Products Program)

Research Interests Supernovae; optical transients; supernova remnants; the interstellar medium

FY07 Accomplishments As an active participant in the “High-z team,” Smith participated in the receipt of the Gruber Prize in Cosmology for 2007. This international honor was awarded for the discovery of evidence for Dark Energy through studies of distant supernovae, and was shared by the High-z team and the Supernova Cosmology Project team. Smith stepped down from co-leadership, but continues to participate in two large international NOAO survey projects: ESSENCE and SuperMACHO (SM). The SM survey observations have been completed, and the team is now analyzing the data for microlensing events as well as other scientific endeavors, e.g., Garg et al 2007, which analyzed the early lightcurves of supernovae discovered in the SM sample. Smith also participated significantly in the analysis of echoes of supernovae discovered in the SM data (Rest et al 2007, in prep). Smith participated in the analysis that resulted in the first two major publications directly from the ESSENCE survey, Miknaitis et al 2007 and Wood-Vasey et al 2007, as well as another related analysis in Davis et al 2007. Smith’s participation in the SINGG survey (Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies) wound down with a third publication, Oey et al 2007. Smith also began participation in a new NOAO Survey led by A. Saha, the Outer Limits Survey (OLS), to investigate the stellar populations at the extremities of the

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Magellanic Clouds. Smith has also made limited progress toward the release of the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) data set for use by the astronomical community.

FY08 Plans Smith will continue participation in various NOAO survey projects (SM, ESSENCE, OLS), and plans to push forward in mining the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) data set, extracting new samples of supernova remnants and planetary nebulae, and investigating the evolution of these objects. He plans to make the second release of the MCELS data public in FY08. He will also continue to actively participate in the search for light echoes from ancient supernovae, in particular in our own Galaxy.

DAVID SPRAYBERRY, Senior Scientist (Associate Director, Major Instrumentation Program)

Research Interests Instrumentation and observing techniques; galaxy formation and evolution; early universe

FY07 Accomplishments Sprayberry led the Major Instrumentation group through a number of efforts including the first two commissioning runs for NEWFIRM (the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field Infrared Imager) at the 4-m Mayall telescope on Kitt Peak; testing of additional detectors received for NEWFIRM from the foundry run completed by Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) along with one additional detector purchased from RVS; development of detailed designs, parts fabrication, and first subsystem integration of the SOAR adaptive optics main module (SAM), in parallel with preliminary design development of the SAM Laser Guide Star (LGS) system; and continuing development of MONSOON detector controller systems to meet the advanced needs of projects including WIYN’s One Degree Imager (ODI), the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) being built for CTIO by a Fermilab-led consortium, and the KPNO and CTIO modernization efforts. Sprayberry also acted as the AURA Technical Representative in AURA’s funding of technology risk reduction for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) as an Alternative GSMT Technology program. Finally, in response to a request from the Magdalena Ridge Observatory in New Mexico, Sprayberry organized and led a team of NOAO scientists and engineers who provided a scientific, technical, and managerial review of the proposal for construction and installation of the 6-unit telescopes proposed for the optical interferometer under construction at Magdalena Ridge.

FY08 Plans Sprayberry plans completion of NEWFIRM testing and commissioning at the KPNO Mayall telescope; further development of the MONSOON controller system to meet the needs of the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) project; completion of a Preliminary Design Review of the SAM laser guide star subsystem and completion of the initial parts fabrication for the SAM main module; and continuing service as AURA’s Technical Representative to the GMT project under the Alternative GSMT Technology program. Sprayberry will also chair an internal NOAO Working Group on Evolution of the Ground-Based O/IR System and act as NOAO liaison to the ReSTAR (Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research) committee.

LETIZIA STANGHELLINI, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar structure and evolution; Galactic and Extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe); stellar populations

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FY07 Accomplishments Stanghellini and collaborators have completed the analysis of the Spitzer spectra of ~40 Magellanic Cloud PNe and found a tight relation between gas and dust metallicity and between dust metallicity and nebular morphology. These findings agree with bipolar PNe having the highest mass progenitors. Stanghellini, Lee, Shaw, Villaver, and Balick have completed the analysis of carbon abundances in a sample of Small Magellanic Cloud PNe and found an increasing efficiency of the CN burning cycle at low metallicity. Stanghellini, Gonzalez-Garcia, and Manchado extended their dry merging models to elliptical galaxies with dark matter halos and found fewer intergalactic stars to be stripped from the galaxies when the dark halos are included in the simulations.

FY08 Plans Stanghellini, Lee, and Shaw plan to complete the analysis of three sets of Magellanic Cloud PN spectra and to extend the comparison of stellar evolutionary yields to observed PN abundances to a four-times larger sample than studied so far. Stanghellini, Magrini, and Villaver plan to observe PNe in the nearby galaxy M33 to determine the abundance gradient of the galaxy. Stanghellini plans to compare the results from the interacting galaxy models with observed intra-cluster PNe, in particular in the nearby galaxy groups and clusters. Finally, Stanghellini with Shaw and Villaver plans to complete the analysis of the PN distance scale based on the observations of Magellanic Cloud PNe.

STEPHEN STROM, Astronomer (Associate Director for GSMT Development, New Initiatives Office)±

FRANCISCO VALDES, Scientist

Research Interests Cosmology; gravitational lensing; stellar spectroscopy; astronomical software

FY07 Accomplishments Valdes is allocated 20% science activity time and 80% software development and support time. Science related accomplishments consist of participating in a survey project to measure the cosmic acceleration using a combination of photometric redshifts and the Sunyaev-Zel’ovich effect of the galaxy cluster population (PI Joseph Mohr). The optical photometric redshifts are being determined from Mosaic camera imaging on the NOAO/CTIO 4-m telescope. Valdes continued leading a team developing science pipelines for the NOAO Mosaic Imagers and the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Mosaic (NEWFIRM). The Mosaic pipeline became available in FY06.

FY08 Plans Valdes will spend science time on two survey projects (currently being proposed) to identify and study the red giants in the halo of M31 (PIs Olson and Dey) and an IR Galactic Plane Survey (PIs Stringfellow and Bally). Valdes will continue to lead efforts on Mosaic camera and NEWFIRM camera data handling software, both at the telescope and in science pipelines, to make calibrated data available to the astronomical community. The NEWFIRM user package and NOAO science pipeline will be completed this fiscal year. Valdes will develop NVO-oriented Web services and NVO-enabled tools.

CONSTANCE E. WALKER, Associate Scientist (Senior Science Education Specialist)

Research Interests Magnetic fields of sunspots; millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of galaxies at various epochs

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FY07 Accomplishments Walker continued directing the Project ASTRO and Family ASTRO programs as well as the ASTRO- Chile program. She coordinated and gave a Project ASTRO training workshop for teachers and their astronomer partners in September 2006 and a follow-up workshop in March 2007 on GLOBE at Night. She and Robert Wilson gave four thematically different Family ASTRO workshops in the fall of 2006. She traveled to South America to give the same four Family ASTRO workshops in Argentina and Chile with A. Garcia from the Gemini Program. During the year, Walker also coordinated and facilitated various ASTRO-Chile videoconferences on remote sensing projects about the Earth and Mars between science teachers and their students in Tucson and Chile. With the staff at GLOBE (www.globe.gov), she continued for a second year the GLOBE at Night program to promote social awareness of the dark sky by measuring light pollution and submitting results online. Almost 8500 measurements from 60 countries contributed to a resulting world map. This year a new twist was added, using meters to measure quantitatively the sky brightness in magnitude/square arcsecond. Walker accepted the chairmanship of the U.S. International Year of Astronomy Dark Skies Working Group and has begun planning for 2009. She organized and ran booths on optics and light during the three days of the annual Southern Arizona Regional Science and Engineering Fair FunFest. For the fourth year in a row, she co-convened three sessions at the American Geophysical Union conference on teacher professional development programs, promoting authentic science in the classroom. She and R. Sparks developed modules for Hands-on Optics (HOO) and gave many HOO training workshops to MESA sites and science centers around the country. Walker coordinated and helped design the HOO programs at the Boys and Girls Clubs in Sells and South Tucson, and used that as a foundation for new optics summer camps. This year the clubs will become a part of a new HOO program funded through the Science Foundation of Arizona. Along with S. Pompea and R. Sparks, Walker embarked on a new program to hold physics workshops one weekend a month for 60 teachers on the Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations. For the fifth year in a row, Walker directed the solar group of teachers on Kitt Peak for the summer institute. She was also in charge of the solar observing runs for the Teacher Observing Program at the McMath-Pierce Telescope (MMT) on Kitt Peak. Walker worked on improving an A-RBSE (formerly TLRBSE) project to study magnetic field strengths of sunspots using the new NSO near-infrared array camera on the MMT. Walker gave talks at professional conferences such as the AGU, AAS, and ASP in the areas mentioned, as well as visited classrooms, wrote papers, and sat on education and advisory boards.

FY08 Plans Walker plans to continue to improve each of the programs described above, as well as to play a leading role in the international IYA dark skies working group. As project coordinator of the A-RBSE solar program, Walker plans to continue research on magnetic field strengths of sunspots using Zeeman splitting of an Fe I line at 1.565 microns, to which teachers and students in the A-RBSE program can contribute.

LLOYD WALLACE, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Planetary atmospheric structure, stellar atmospheres

FY07 Accomplishments With S. Davis and R. S. Ram, Wallace has completed a summary analysis of the red and violet systems of the CN molecule. This was based mostly on spectra obtained by Davis and R. Engleman, Jr. over the years on NOAO instruments and archived at NOAO. A further spectroscopic study of the infrared spectrum of atomic carbon, C I, by Wallace and K. Hinkle, has resulted in a reliable line list for C I as well as a revised energy level diagram. Wallace and W. Livingston have also completed two long-term studies of solar spectra, one of various spectral features over a 33-year period and a second

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concerning the variation of a terrestrial hydrogen chloride absorption feature over the past 35 years. This hydrogen chloride, which is the result of the decomposition of anthropogenic halocarbons, causes ozone depletion, produces acid rain, and appears to have peaked in the period 1993 to 1997 and is now decreasing slowly.

FY08 Plans Wallace and K. Hinkle obtained high-resolution spectra of IRC +10216 in the 10.5-micron region. The spectrum in this region is dominated by silane and ammonia, but our objective is to detect and measure the much weaker lines of ethylene and attempt to determine their role in the source structure. In a second major program, with Davis and Livingston, Wallace plans to produce an infrared spectrum of the sun in integrated light, which can be compared directly with other stars. The primary improvement over previous work will be the indentification and correction for terrestrial absorption lines.

SIDNEY C. WOLFF, Astronomer Emerita

Research Interests Star formation; early evolution of angular momentum; large optical/infrared telescopes; astronomy and space science education

FY07 Accomplishments Wolff and Strom, working with D. Dror and K. Venn, published a paper showing (1) that independent of environment, the rotation rates for stars in the mass range 6–12 Msun do not change by more than 0.1 dex over ages t~1 to ~15 Myr, and (2) that stars formed in high-density regions lack the cohort of slow rotators that dominate the low-density regions and young field stars. The paper suggests that the differences in N(vsini) between low- and high-density regions may reflect a combination of initial conditions and environmental effects: (1) the higher turbulent speeds that characterize molecular gas in high-density, cluster-forming regions; and (2) the stronger UV radiation fields and high stellar densities that characterize such regions.

FY08 Plans Observations of R136, a very high-density region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, have been analyzed and show that the relationship between angular momentum and density found in our own Galaxy can be extended to an even more extreme environment. Spitzer data of IC 1805 have been obtained and are being used to study the evolution of disks around intermediate mass stars with ages of 1–3 million years with the goal of putting a limit on the amount of time available for planet formation.

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NOAO South (La Serena)

TIMOTHY ABBOTT, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of binary stellar evolution; instrumentation; telescope operations

FY07 Accomplishments Abbott, as Deputy Program Manager for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) collaboration and Telescope Manager for the 4-m Blanco telescope, was involved in all aspects of the development of DECam. He is particularly involved in coordination between NOAO and the other partners to ensure that the Blanco telescope is capable of providing the platform and image quality required, and that DECam itself will appropriately serve the NOAO community. As Telescope Manager and Instrument Scientist, Abbott continues to work to maintain Blanco’s high performance as a user facility.

FY08 Plans Abbott intends to continue his participation in the DECam collaboration and pursue appropriate upgrades to the Blanco telescope to support this instrument and the community at large through managing the CTIO Facilities Improvement Project. Abbott will continue his studies of variable stars with the ongoing analysis of a time-series-photometric pencil-beam survey primarily intended to measure the Galactic population density of cataclysmic variables, but also as an interesting source of other classes of variable stars.

ABRAHAM BOOGERT, Assistant Astronomer±

KATIA CUNHA, Assistant Astronomer (NGSC)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; Galactic and extragalactic stellar abundances; metallicity gradients; chemical evolution

FY07 Accomplishments Cunha’s main topic of research in this period was related to characterizing the chemical abundance distributions in the Galactic Center. Cunha and collaborators analyzed high-resolution infrared spectra of a sample of cool, massive and evolved stars (giants and supergiants) that inhabit the two central parsecs of the Galaxy, around the central black hole. This project was started by K. Sellgren at Ohio State U. with collaboration of B. Blum at NOAO, among others. Cunha led the high-resolution abundance study. The results obtained indicate that the alpha-capture elements oxygen and calcium are enhanced relative to either the Sun or the Milky Way disk. This is the first measurement of alpha- enhancements in a young Galactic stellar population. (The results are in press in the Astrophysical Journal, November 10 issue). Another aspect of Cunha’s research program in this period included the thesis defense of her second Ph.D. student, who worked on non-LTE modelling of carbon atoms in OB stars.

FY08 Plans Cunha plans to continue with the analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data for different stellar populations in the Milky Way, as well as an analysis of the infrared spectra of K-M giants in the Small Magellanic Cloud. She will also probe the nucleosynthetic origins of the element fluorine in a variety of stellar populations, such as the Galactic bulge. In addition, she will continue to study the chemical

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signatures of elements (other than Fe) in samples of stars that have been identified kinematically as streams. This work is led by a Ph.D. student at U. Virginia.

ROBERTO DE PROPRIS, Assistant Astronomer (CTIO)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; Galaxy luminosity functions; redshift surveys

FY07 Accomplishments De Propris worked with a Spitzer GTO collaboration to derive deep mass functions for galaxies in clusters to z=1.3, showing that galaxy masses are largely assembled at least at this epoch. He also completed a multi-wavelength survey of the Coma cluster. De Propris supervised two summer students, both of whom published a refereed paper in the literature. He continued working with PhD students at Bristol and Mount Stromlo and with the 2SLAQ and MGC surveys. The latter has resulted in a series of papers on galaxy close pairs, of which the second has now been accepted for publication.

FY08 Plans De Propris will continue work on the 2SLAQ survey with the two Ph.D. thesis students. He has started a new long-term study of faint galaxies in moderate redshift clusters using archival HST images, together with one of the summer students from the FY07 PIA/REU program. De Propris will also continue a longer-term study of nearby clusters in the infrared using ISPI.

SEBASTIAN ELS, Research Associate

Research Interests Atmospheric turbulence; planetary formation; instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Els continued work on the behaviour of groundlayer seeing, using data from the TMT site testing campaign in collaboration with Vogiatzis (TMT) and the TMT site testing team in Pasadena. MASS data of the TMT site equipment verification campaign have been analysed and the precision of the MASS instrument has been deduced empirically in collaboration with Schoeck (TMT) and the TMT site testing team in Pasadena.

FY08 Plans Els, as a member of the TMT site testing team, will further investigate the behavior of optical turbulence. The goal will be to investigate whether the three TMT site-testing stations in northern Chile can be used to forecast the seeing evolution within the area on short time periods. Els, in collaboration with Endl (McDonald Observatory), plans to publish the results of an AO observing campaign of stars showing long-period low-amplitude trends.

BROOKE GREGORY, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation; next-generation telescope design; adaptive optics

FY07 Accomplishments Gregory divided his time activities among four major roles as (1) scientist support of the SOAR telescope, including testing and analysis of the donut concept for the on-line wavefront sensor, and leading the development of various observatory facilities: cryocooler installation, clean room design

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and installation, and a laser mask cutting facility (shared with Gemini); (2) coordinator of the site survey in Chile, which is being conducted jointly between the TMT project and NOAO; (3) manager of the Engineering and Technical Services Division of CTIO; and (4) co-project scientist in the development of the SOAR adaptive optics system, now nearing PDR on the Laser Guide Star phase of the project.

FY08 Plans Gregory will continue his present activities. It is expected that the Site Survey work will diminish, but perhaps not completely. In particular, he expects to assist in the integration and test phase of the Spartan IR Imager (from Michigan State U.) for SOAR.

STELLA KAFKA, Research Associate, REU Director±

CHRISTOPHER J. MILLER, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Observational cosmology; large-scale structure; computational astrostatistics; galaxy clusters; galaxy formation and evolution; active galactic nuclei; science with large databases; virtual observatory; dark energy surveys; fossil groups

FY07 Accomplishments Miller is PI of the NOAO XCS Survey program, which passed its midway point in FY07. Along with Bernardi et al., Miller conducted an analysis of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and their formation histories. In collaboration with the International Computational Astrostatistics group (INCA), Miller assisted in a frequentist analysis of the WMAP 1-year data. Miller co-authored two new galaxy cluster papers for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. He continued his role as project manager and scientist for the NOAO NVO Portal, and authored four related papers for the ADASS XVI proceedings. Miller contributed and authored five chapters to the upcoming book to be published for the National Virtual Observatory (ed. Fitzpatrick, Graham, and McGlynn). Miller received a three-year grant under NASA’s Applied Information Systems Research (AISR) program to provide software libraries for algorithms developed by the INCA group. Miller was awarded a Royal Society Incoming Visit Award to spend six weeks at U. Portsmouth, UK and collaborate with R.C. Nichol.

FY08 Plans As PI of the NOAO XCS Survey, Miller will continue to lead a team (~20) from the U.S., England, and Portugal. Miller will utilize the SDSS-C4 galaxy catalog to continue his research on the BCG population. He will publish the DR5 SDSS C4 galaxy catalog, with ~2000 clusters from z = 0.03 to z = 0.2, in 8000 square-degrees. Along with Nichol and Percival, he will measure the large-scale power spectrum for the SDSS-C4 clusters, publish an X-ray/optical analysis of Abell 1882, as well as an X-ray/optical study of a nearby galaxy cluster with an abundance of AGN. Miller will continue to lead a collaboration from both the XCS group and researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratories to study and observe fossil groups. He will conclude his study of photometric dropouts in VO data as part of an NSF NVO research grant. Miller will continue his involvement with the Dark Energy Survey collaboration as part of the filter committee and as part of the Cluster Working Group, attempt to participate in a design study for WFMOS, and ontinue as project manager and scientist of the NOAO NVO Portal.

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DARA J. NORMAN, Research Associate

Research Interests Quasars and their environments; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure; low-mass companions of MS stars; cool stars

FY07 Accomplishments Norman supported the U.S. astronomy community in pursuit of Gemini data by doing technical reviews of proposals, assisting astronomers who received telescope time with queue observation planning, and visiting Gemini-S telescopes to assist in observing queue programs. Norman continued collaborations with researchers in the U.K. and at Gemini-S for follow-up spectroscopy of DLS galaxy clusters and AGN. Norman received time at Gemini for these follow-up observations but has yet to get data. Norman presented on-going work on AGN in these clusters at a meeting entitled “Extragalactic Surveys: A Chandra Science Workshop” in Boston and the SOCHIAS meeting in La Serena, Chile. Norman recently moved from NOAO-S to NOAO-N. Norman was selected to serve as a member of the Committee on the Status of Minorities in Astronomy.

FY08 Plans Norman will continue work with NGSC in Tucson over the next year. She will continue analysis of data on NIR-selected AGN in DLS clusters that was collected in 2007A at CTIO with observing time awarded after a scheduling error in 2006A. She plans to complete a paper on correlations of 2QZ quasars and 2SLAQ galaxies with R. DePropris.

KNUT A. OLSEN, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations and star formation histories of nearby galaxies; globular clusters; Magellanic Clouds

FY07 Accomplishments Olsen published a paper in ApJ Letters comparing the kinematics of the LMC’s red supergiants with that of its carbon stars and HI gas. The paper found the first evidence for tidally stripped stars in the LMC. Olsen was awarded seven nights of CTIO 4-m + Hydra telescope time to follow up this result. Olsen calculated the star formation history of an M31 disk field observed with Gemini North and NIRI+Altair, finding the clear signature of M31’s 10-kpc ring of star formation and of an underlying, old, metal-poor population. Olsen was coauthor on five other papers in FY07, including the first two papers from the Spitzer SAGE survey of the LMC (PI Meixner), and UBVRI photometry of seven dwarf galaxies from the Local Group Survey (PI Massey).

FY08 Plans Olsen will finish a paper detailing the first analysis of the Carina Spitzer survey, while continuing to work with R. Blum, J. Mould, and J. Frogel on a more detailed analysis. Olsen will continue to work with J. Bland-Hawthorn to define the ELT survey of nearby galaxies that will be needed to provide a stringent test of galaxy formation scenarios. Olsen will continue to participate actively in the collaborations of which he is a member, specifically SuperMACHO, SAGE, the Outer Limits Survey, and ANGST.

SEAN D. POINTS, Research Associate

Research Interests Interstellar medium (ISM); the Magellanic Clouds; evolved stars

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FY07 Accomplishments Points continued his work on calibrating the data obtained by the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) with R. C. Smith (NOAO) and with student intern Rodrigo Hinojosa. Points also worked on finalizing the data reductions and calibration of the MCELS data set for anticipated public release in FY07.

FY08 Plans In FY08, Points will publish the results of his investigations of the newly discovered SNRs in the LMC. Points will work with K. Olsen and R. Blum (NOAO) on the analysis of Spitzer Space Telescope data to investigate the evolved mass-losing stellar population in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to examine the effects of age and metallicity on mass loss.

JAYADEV RAJAGOPAL, Research Associate¬

Research Interests Circumstellar dust, debris disks; high angular resolution techniques in optical/infrared; atmospheric turbulence

FY07 Accomplishments Rajagopal completed an initial study of dust around massive evolved stars at very high resolution using interferometric techniques. Observations of Wolf_Rayet and Luminous Blue Variable stars using the VLTI and Keck telescopes revealed very compact dust pointing to ongoing dust formation in the hostile environments of these stars. The main collaborators were Danchi, Monnier, Tuthill, Menut and Chesneau. With Tokovenin at CTIO, Rajagopal started a study of ground-layer atmospheric turbulence through meausurements of lunar scintillation. With Najita (NOAO), he is exploring models of disks with large gaps around young stars, with a view to observing these with optical/infrared interferometers.

FY08 Plans Rajagopal will continue with the atmospheric turbulence studies, expanding the lunar scintillation study to two-dimensional models. Working with a NASA GSFC team, he will continue the study of dust around massive stars, in particular, the question of dust formation in binary systems. The study with Najita should progress to observations of the “transition” disks to constrain the gap-formation theories.

ARMIN REST, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests Dark matter; dark energy; galactic structure; variable stars

FY07 Accomplishments Rest, as one of the leading members of the SuperMACHO group, worked on the efficiency analysis for the SuperMACHO project. The first results-paper based on this analysis is in preparation. The SuperMACHO group submitted a paper about the spectra of light echoes of ancient SNe in the LMC (lead by Rest). Rest is a member of the ESSENCE collaboration, a high-z SN survey with the goal to determine ‘w’, the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy, to within 10%. The ESSENCE collaboration recently published three papers about the survey photometry (lead, G. Miknaitis), the constraints on the nature of dark energy (lead, M. Wood-Vasey), and scrutinizing exotic cosmological models using ESSENCE (lead, T. Davis). Rest is leading a survey that has a goal to find light echoes of historic supernovae in our Galaxy. A Nature paper announcing the discovery of light echoes of Cas A and Tycho is in preparation.

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FY08 Plans Rest, as one of the leading members of the SuperMACHO group, will present with A. Garg the first results of the SuperMACHO project at the Manchester Microlensing Conference, January 2008. Rest will focus on publishing the first microlensing paper of the SuperMACHO project. In addition, Rest will continue his research of SN light echoes. In particular, Rest will announce the first discovery of light echoes of historic supernovae associated with Cas A and Tycho at the AAS in Austin, January 2008, and he and his collaborators will publish the discovery of light echoes of historic supernovae.

SUSAN E. RIDGWAY, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests High redshift AGN and their host galaxies; populations of obscured AGNs; the formation and evolution of galaxies and the SMBH population

FY07 Accomplishments Ridgway presented the analysis of an HST-based imaging study of the hosts of a sample of z = 1 moderate luminosity radio-quiet quasars, and compared the magnitudes and morphologies to samples of quasars at the same redshift but with higher nuclear luminosity and to samples of quasars at high z (z = 2–3). The lower luminosity quasar hosts are found to be somewhat fainter than those of the higher luminosity sample at z = 1, but, at this point, it is unclear whether this is due to a true luminosity dependence or a result of selection effects. Ridgway also presented results from the analysis of Spitzer IRS spectra of quasar 2s, Spitzer IRAC-color selected obscured counterparts of powerful radio-quiet quasars, and of a matching sample of quasar 1s. A paper with partial results (primarily the quasar 2 spectra, along with MIPS SEDS and HST imaging) was published with Ridgway as co-author, showing that the obscuration that produces the quasar 2s may come in some instances from both the commonly posited torus and from an extended dusty star-forming host galaxy. Ridgway has also supported a post-doc, C. Harrison, from HST and Spitzer grants, and has observed with CTIO/Hydra to obtain redshifts of a larger sample of IRAC selected quasar 2s.

FY08 Plans Ridgway will continue to study the evolutionary histories of radio-quiet and radio-loud AGN populations over a range of nuclear luminosities and also how they compare to those of other known high-redshift galaxy populations. Specifically, ground-based AO imaging of moderate to high z quasars will help expand the samples and resolve uncertainties about selection effects in the previous work. Ridgway plans to obtain rest-frame UV imaging for the z = 1 sample to assess star formation history of these hosts. Ridgway will make a study of the clustering properties around a sample of z = 1 3C sources with post-doc C. Harrison, for which data is already in hand. Ridgway will continue to expand the sample of IRAC-selected Quasar 2s to study the luminosity function at lower luminosities and at higher redshift with granted MMT time. Ridgway will study in more detail the IRS spectra and SEDs of the Quasar 1 sample selected with IRAC colors. With an REU student, Ridgway plans to study the radio-optical alignment effect in a sample of low radio-luminosity radio galaxies at z = 1.

SIMON SCHULER, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)¬

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; stellar physics; stellar abundances; Galactic chemical evolution

FY07 Accomplishments Schuler led the first investigation of 19F abundances in carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars (based on Gemini-S/Phoenix spectra), a study that will place robust constraints on the formation mechanisms of these objects. Initial results of this work were presented at the international First Stars

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III conference, and a paper authored by Schuler is in press. As part of the CEMP star collaboration and with S. Margheim (Gemini Science Fellow), Schuler obtained high-resolution Gemini-S/bHROS spectra of CEMP stars in order to investigate their carbon abundances using a C I line that is known to provide the most reliable stellar C abundances. Schuler co-authored a paper led by A. Daane, a graduate student at Clemson U., on the possible identification of an old stellar moving group. Schuler is also co-leading a collaboration carrying out a long-term observing program using the WIYN telescope to monitor Li abundances and activity of G and K dwarfs in the Pleiades open cluster.

FY08 Plans Schuler will continue analyzing the large amount of data obtained during FY07. He will continue his work with the Pleiades long-term observing program, studying possible correlations between Li line strength and activity variations. Work with the CEMP star collaboration will also continue, and new efforts will be made to obtain additional near-IR spectra to expand Schuler’s investigation into 19F in CEMP stars. New projects will include investigating the abundance patterns of planetary host stars, with the focus on determining if there is evidence that these host stars accreted planets or planetary material. Another project will be the analysis of blue stragglers in the globular cluster M71, which should provide valuable information on the formation mechanisms of these strange objects.

MALCOLM G. SMITH, Astronomer (Director of the AURA Observatory in Chile)

Research Interests The early Universe; quasars/active galactic nuclei; global environmental impact of light pollution

FY07 Accomplishments Smith has continued his collaboration with the ChaMP group on several programs. In November 2006, he used the near-IR imager, PANIC, at the Magellan (Baade) 6.5-m telescope to contribute to the survey of high-latitude, extended-X-ray sources. These objects are likely to be high-redshift clusters of galaxies. For another program, to select red (high-redshift and/or obscured) AGN, near-IR spectra have started to be obtained at Gemini (during bad-weather conditions) of the brighter candidate objects selected from an earlier, imaging phase of that program, which is based on spatially unresolved, Chandra, X-ray sources whose IR colors were measured with ISPI at the Blanco 4-m. Smith left Chile in April 2007 to spend a 5-month sabbatical at Durham, England. Here he worked on aspects of the evolution of quasars and their host galaxies.

FY08 Plans Having now finally stepped down from over 27 years of continuous, significant, administrative responsibilities at observatories in four different countries, Smith plans to continue to move each of his current research programs from their imaging phase into a spectroscopic follow-up phase, which will require further access to the 8–10-m class of telescopes.

VERNE V. SMITH, Astronomer (Director, Gemini Science Center)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; cosmochemistry; chemical evolution; stellar populations; stellar atmospheres; stellar evolution

FY07 Accomplishments Smith’s primary scientific efforts in FY07 were working on projects that involved chemical evolution in various stellar or galactic populations, such as:

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1. Determining chemical abundances in a sample of Galactic Bulge red giants using spectra from Phoenix on Gemini-South. 2. Using abundance distributions to study and to “chemically tag” stellar streams in the Galactic halo, which we find to be tidally captured populations from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. 3. Studying lithium and technetium abundances in Galactic AGB stars in order to probe internal stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. 4. Probing radial velocity variability in K-giants, as well as collaborating on a program to use radial velocities with HST astrometry to determine exosolar planetary masses.

FY08 Plans Smith’s goals in FY08 are to continue to pursue an active research program in cosmochemistry, as described above. Some of these programs are studies of red giants in the SMC, further samples of Galactic bulge red giants in heavily obscured fields in the inner bulge, or determining isotopic lithium abundances in very metal-poor halo dwarf stars.

ANDREI TOKOVININ, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Statistics and formation of binary and multiple stars; adaptive optics; site testing

FY07 Accomplishments Tokovinin and his co-authors determined new orbits of stellar systems with multiplicity higher than two, contributing to the still poor statistics of these objects. He is maintaining and updating the on-line catalog of physical multiple stars. Tokovinin and Kellerer developed a new method of atmospheric turbulence measurements, FADE, and successfully tested a prototype instrument at CTIO. Tokovinin studied the accuracy of other site-testing methods, MASS and DIMM, and discovered that the latter method can suffer from a serious bias caused by the light propagation. Tokovinin developed a lunar scintillometer for measuring ground-layer turbulence and proposed a new method to interpret its signal.

FY08 Plans Tokovinin will continue to study statistical properties of binary and multiple stars and individual systems, providing observational constraints for the theories of multiple-star formation. He will work on the SOAR Adaptive module, bringing it to the first commissioning at the telescope. New methods of turbulence characterization will be studied by analytics and numerical simulation, prototyped and tested in the field. He will continue to support the TMT site-testing activity.

NICOLE S. VAN DER BLIEK, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Instrumentation; young stars and brown dwarfs

FY07 Accomplishments van der Bliek led the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) project into the detailed design & fabrication phase. The main structure is ready for fabrication. Most of the subassemblies have been designed and fabricated, and integration of these subassemblies is taking place. The project also passed the design review of the Laser Guide Star system on 28 September 2007. van der Bliek has continued the collaboration with B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory) on binarity of Herbig Ae/Be stars, a spectroscopic and photometric study of a large sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars

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to detect close companions and investigate their properties. The frequency and degree of multiplicity of HAEBE systems will provide new constraints on their formation mechanism. Other collaborators include S. Thomas (CTIO), G. Doppmann (Gemini Observatory), J. Bouvier (Université de Grenoble), and REU/PIA students, B. Brandvig (2005), M. J. Cordero (2006), A. Sweet (2006) and C. Araya (2007). The Northern part of the survey is almost complete and so far a total of 66 companions have been found, almost doubling the number of Herbig Ae/Be binaries. About 50% of these stars have more than 1 possible companion. Statistical analysis based on the surface density shows that 2/3 of the candidates are likely to be companions with a 95% certainty.

FY08 Plans van der Bliek will continue the survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars and the search for multiples. The AO survey will be continued in the Southern hemisphere, to complete the search for close companions to Herbig Ae/Be stars. We will also continue near infrared spectroscopic observations to spectral type the companions and confirm physical association with the primaries. Follow-up observations for confirmed Herbig Ae/Be binaries have been carried out at Gemini South: 10-micron T-ReCS observations to study thermal emission of binaries containing a hot, B-type companion, and high- resolution 2-micron spectra of binaries with a cool companion to study the circumstellar environment. These data are being analyzed.

ALISTAIR R. WALKER, Astronomer (Director, CTIO)

Research Interests Stellar populations; the Magellanic Clouds; the distance scale; astronomical instrumentation

FY07 Accomplishments Walker is completing studies with W. Gieren and G. Pietrzynski (U. Concepcion, Chile) of the stellar populations in the galaxies in the nearby Sculptor Group, with principal aim to critically compare several distance scale methods in a variety of environments. Deep multi-epoch photometry has been obtained for several galaxies using the Blanco telescope and Mosaic Imager. This has been complemented with data from telescopes at La Silla and Las Campanas. Observations for a second project with the same collaborators, to determine accurate light curves for a complete sample of the brighter Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud, has been completed and the results are being readied for publication.

FY08 Plans Walker is participating in a project led by E. Brocato (Oss. Teramo, Italy) which uses Magellanic Cloud clusters as calibrators to extend the Surface Brightness Fluctuation method to younger ages, with a view to eventually apply the method to distinguish mixed populations in distant galaxies. Key observations on SOAR are scheduled. Walker is a member of a team organizing a “pre-LSST” survey project, which would utilize the Blanco telescope and Mosaic Imager to characterize transient and variable sources.

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The following table shows the actual effort charged to each of the NOAO functional programs by each member of the scientific staff during FY07. Scientific staff members fill out biweekly timecards on which they indicate the number of hours spent on each activity. These hours are converted to fractions of a pay period, with charges to grants and functional activities taken first, followed by research up to the 80 hours per pay period limit. For reference, each staff member’s nominal allocation for research is shown. This table may be compared with Table 17 in the Annual Program Plan FY 2007, in which the predictions at the start of the year are listed

FY07 Fractional Division of Effort of NOAO Scientific Staff by Budgeted Programs (FY07 NSF-Allocated Funds Only through 09/15/07)

Allocated Actual g Name ‡ CTIO KPNO NGSC SCI OPS DPP MIP PAEO GSMTPO LSST Non-NSF Total Research Research

Abbott, T. 0.20 0.02 0.98 1.00 Blum, R. 0.50 0.45 0.03 0.01 0.43 0.02 0.06 1.00 Boogert, A.++ 0.50 0.74 0.26 1.00 Boroson, T. 0.20 0.00 0.90 0.06 0.04 1.00 Claver, C. 0.20 0.00 1.00 1.00 Croft, S. 0.15 0.05 0.30 0.24 0.41 1.00 Cunha, K. 0.25 0.26 0.30 0.02 0.42 1.00 DePropris, R. 0.50 0.71 0.29 1.00

Dey, A.∗ 0.50 0.58 0.16 0.26 1.00 De Young, D. 0.50 0.26 0.05 0.66 0.03 1.00 Dickinson, M. 0.50 0.42 0.47 0.11 1.00 Elias, J. 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.89 1.00 Els, S. 0.20 0.08 0.92 1.00 Garmany, K. 0.10 0.05 0.63 0.32 1.00

‡ Under AURA policy, “Astronomer”-track scientists at NOAO are accorded 50% personal research time; 20% research time is granted to staff on the “Scientist”-track. g SCI OPS: Science Operations/System program (Tucson), TSIP/AODP mgmt & technical oversight, research mgmt/admin in Science programs (North & South), general mgmt Director/Deputy Director (Tucson). ++ Adwin Boogert resigned 16 February 2007. ∗ On Sabbatical in FY07.

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Allocated Actual g Name ‡ CTIO KPNO NGSC SCI OPS DPP MIP PAEO GSMTPO LSST Non-NSF Total Research Research Gregory, B. 0.20 0.04 0.59 0.07 0.22 0.08 1.00 Hinkle, K. 0.20 0.09 0.88 0.03 1.00 Howell, S. 0.10 0.12 0.32 0.19 0.37 1.00 Jannuzi, B. 0.20 0.03 0.94 0.02 0.01 1.00 Joyce, R. 0.20 0.18 0.45 0.26 0.03 0.08 1.00 Kafka, S. 0.67 0.54 0.46 1.00 Lauer, T. 0.50 0.49 0.07 0.06 0.38 1.00

▲ Lotz, J. 1.00 0.65 0.35 1.00 Lynds, C.R.++ 0.50 0.54 0.46 1.00 Macri, L.▲ 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 Matheson, T. 0.50 0.44 0.56 1.00 Merrill, K.M. 0.20 0.01 0.91 0.04 0.04 1.00 Mighell, K.J. 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.68 1.00 Miller, C.J. 0.50 0.14 0.86 1.00 Mould, J.R. ++ 0.20 0.01 0.90 0.09 1.00

Najita, J.R.∗ 0.50 0.34 0.09 0.57 1.00 Norman, D. 0.75 0.75 0.25 1.00 Olsen, K. 0.50 0.61 0.37 0.02 1.00 Points, S 0.20 0.00 0.33 0.67 1.00 Pompea, S. 0.10 0.09 0.58 0.01 0.32 1.00 Probst, R. 0.20 0.02 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.85 1.00 Rajogapal, J. 0.50 0.42 0.31 0.27 1.00

‡ Under AURA policy, “Astronomer”-track scientists at NOAO are accorded 50% personal research time; 20% research time is granted to staff on the “Scientist”-track. g SCI OPS: Science Operations/System program (Tucson), TSIP/AODP mgmt & technical oversight, research mgmt/admin in Science programs (North & South), general mgmt Director/Deputy Director (Tucson). ▲ Post-doctoral research associate (Goldberg Fellow) in FY07. Externally-funded post-docs are not shown in this table. ++ Roger Lynds retired 31 December 2006. ++ Jeremy Mould resigned 22 April 2007. ∗ On Sabbatical in FY07.

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Allocated Actual g Name ‡ CTIO KPNO NGSC SCI OPS DPP MIP PAEO GSMTPO LSST Non-NSF Total Research Research Rest, A.▲ 1.00 1.00 1.00 Ridgway, S.T. 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.96 1.00 Ridgway, S.E. 0.50 0.48 0.52 1.00

▲ Rudnick, G. 1.00 0.74 0.26 1.00 Saha, A. 0.50 0.43 0.16 0.41 1.00 Schuler, S.▲ 1.00 1.00 1.00 Shaw, R.A. 0.20 0.60 0.40 1.00 Silva, D. 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 Smith, M.G. 0.69 0.49 0.08 0.01 0.42 1.00 Smith, R.C. 0.20 0.03 0.05 0.77 0.15 1.00 Smith, V. 0.20 0.10 0.90 1.00 Sprayberry, D. 0.10 0.03 0.14 0.80 0.03 1.00 Stanghellini, L. 0.50 0.58 0.42 1.00 Strom, S. ++ 0.50 0.34 0.03 0.63 1.00 Tokovinin, A. 0.50 0.45 0.08 0.37 0.10 1.00 Valdes, F. 0.20 0.04 0.95 0.01 1.00 van der Bliek, N. 0.20 0.25 0.18 0.57 1.00 Walker, A.R. 0.20 0.03 0.97 1.00 Walker, C. 0.10 0.09 0.68 0.23 1.00

++ Wolff, S. 0.50 0.32 0.02 0.24 0.42 1.00

‡ Under AURA policy, “Astronomer”-track scientists at NOAO are accorded 50% personal research time; 20% research time is granted to staff on the “Scientist”-track. g SCI OPS: Science Operations/System program (Tucson), TSIP/AODP mgmt & technical oversight, research mgmt/admin in Science programs (North & South), general mgmt Director/Deputy Director (Tucson). ▲ Post-doctoral research associate (Goldberg Fellow) in FY07. Lucas Macri, a Goldberg Fellow, was funded through a Hubble Fellowship in FY07. Externally-funded post-docs are not shown in this table. ++ Steve Strom Retired 11 May 2007. ++ Sidney Wolff Retired 14 August 2007.

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APPENDIX B NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

NOAO North (Tucson)

Abt, H.A. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1151, “Observed Orbital Eccentricities. II. Late-Type Stars”

Abt, H.A. 2006, IAU Symp. 240, eds. W. Hartkopf, E. Guinan, and P. Harmanec (Cambridge), 414, “Observed Orbital Eccentricities”

Abt, H.A. 2007, ASP Conf. 362, eds. Y.W. Kang, et al. (ASP), xi, “The First Six Pacific Rim Conferences on Stellar Astrophysics”

Abt, H.A. 2007, ASP Conf. 362, eds. Y.W. Kang, et al. (ASP), 92, “Tidal Effects in Binaries”

Abt, H.A. 2007, Scientometrics, 72, 105, “The Frequencies of Multinational Papers in Various Sciences”

Allington-Smith, J., … Elias, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 785, “New Techniques for Integral Field Spectroscopy - II. Performance of the GNIRS IFU”

Arrieta, A., Stanghellini, L., Georgiev, L. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 359, “Stellar Winds in Central Stars of LMC Planetary Nebulae”

Asztalos, S., … Claver, C., Saha, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 69, “Properties of Ellipticity Correlation with Atmospheric Structure from Gemini South”

Aufdenberg, J.P., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 240, eds. W. Hartkopf, E. Guinan, and P. Harmanec (Cambridge), 271, “Interferometric Constraints on Gravity Darkening with Application to the Modelling of Spica A & B”

Bai, L., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 181, “IR Observations of MS 1054-03: Star Formation and Its Evolution in Rich Galaxy Clusters”

Bean, J.L., … Bizyaev, D., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 749, “The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities”

Bizyaev, D.V., et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 304, “Propagating Star Formation in the Collisional Ring Galaxy Arp 10”

Bizyaev, D., and Smith, V. 2007, PASP, 119, 143, “Fraction of Radial Velocity-Stable Stars in Early Observations of the Grid Giant Star Survey”

B-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Blum, R.D., Mould, J.R., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2034, “Spitzer SAGE Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Evolved Stars and Infrared Color-Magnitude Diagrams”

Bonanos, A.Z., … Macri, L.M., … Matheson, T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 313, “The First DIRECT Distance Determination to a Detached Eclipsing Binary in M33”

Borucki, W.J., … Howell, S., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 366, eds. C. Afonso, D. Weldrake, and T. Henning (ASP), 309, “KEPLER Mission Status”

Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 204, “Optical Line Diagnostics of z ~ 2 Optically Faint Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Spitzer Boötes Survey”

Briceno, C., … Sherry, W.H., et al. 2007, Protostars and Planets V, eds. B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, and K. Keil (University of Arizona), 345, “The Low-Mass Populations in OB Associations”

Brinkworth, C.S., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1541, “Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables: Possibilities for the Presence of Dust in Polars”

Brinkworth, C.S., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 372, eds. R. Napiwotzki and M.R. Burleigh (ASP), 333, “Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of Circumbinary Dust Disks around Polars”

Brittain, S.D., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 685, “Warm Gas in the Inner Disks around Young Intermediate-Mass Stars”

Brodwin, M., … Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 791, “Photometric Redshifts in the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 858, “The Evolving Luminosity Function of Red Galaxies”

Chary, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 257, “Hubble Ultra Deep Field-JD2: Mid-Infrared Evidence for a z ~ 2 Luminous Infrared Galaxy”

Chen, C., et al. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of Calilfornia), “The Dust and Gas Around Beta Pictoris”

Ciardi, D.R., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1989, “Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of Var Her 04: Possible Detection of Dust Formation in a Superoutbursting Tremendous Outburst Amplitude Dwarf Nova”

Ciardi, D.R., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1623, “The Angular Diameter of λ Boötis”

Cole, A.A., … Saha, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, L17, “Leo A: A Late-blooming Survivor of the Epoch of Reionization in the Local Group”

B-2 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Conselice, C.J., … Lotz, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L55, “AEGIS: The Diversity of Bright Near-IR- selected Distant Red Galaxies”

Cooray, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, L91, “IR Background Anisotropies in Spitzer GOODS Images and Constraints on First Galaxies”

Crook, A.C., … Macri, L.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 790, “Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey”

Dahlen, T., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 172, “Evolution of the Luminosity Function, Star Formation Rate, Morphology, and Size of Star-forming Galaxies Selected at Rest-Frame 1500 and 2800 Å”

Davis, M., … Lotz, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L1, “The All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS) Data Sets”

Davis, T.M., … Matheson, T., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, “Scrutinizing Exotic Cosmological Models Using Essence Supernova Data Combined with Other Cosmological Probes”

De Lucia, G., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 809, “The Build-up of the Colour- magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters since z ~ 0.8”

Desai, V., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, 1151, “The Morphological Content of 10 EDisCS Clusters at 0.5 < z < 0.8”

Eisenhardt, P.R., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 169, 225, “Multiaperture UBVRIzJHK Photometry of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster”

Elbaz, D., … Dickinson, M., … MacDonald, E., et al. 2007, A&A, 468, 33, “The Reversal of the Star Formation-density Relation in the Distant Universe”

Erdogdu, P., … Macri, L.M., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 45, “Reconstructed Density and Velocity Fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey”

Farnham, T.L., Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2001, “Cyanogen Jets and the Rotation State of Comet Machholz (C/2004 Q2)”

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 17, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. V. First Orbits for Three S-Type Systems: Henize 2-173, CL Scorpii, and AS 270”

Ferrarese, L., Mould, J.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 186, “The Discovery of Cepheids and a Distance to NGC 5128”

B-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Fountain, J.W., Abt, H.A. 2006, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Oriental Astronomy, eds. K.-Y. Chen, et al. (Chiang Mai University), 69, “A New Date for the Crab Nebula Supernova Burst”

Garg, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 403, “Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae from Near the Time of Explosion”

Gerke, B.F., … Lotz, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L23, “The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN at z = 0.7”

Gies, D.R., … Aufdenberg, J.P., Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 527, “CHARA Array K'-Band Measurements of the Angular Dimensions of Be Star Disks”

Glassgold, A.E., Najita, J., Igea, J. 2007, ApJ, 656, 515, “Neon Fine-Structure Line Emission by X- Ray Irradiated Protoplanetary Disks”

Gogarten, S., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, IAU Symp. 235, eds. F. Combes and J. Palous (Cambridge), 201, “The Size-Luminosity Relation of Disk Galaxies in EDisCS Clusters”

Golimowski, D., … Chen, C., et al. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of Calilfornia), “Observations and Models of the Debris Disk around the K Dwarf HD 92945”

Guyon, O., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2006, ApJS, 167, 81, “Theoretical Limits on Extrasolar Terrestrial Planet Detection with Coronagraphs”

Hao, H., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, L99, “Strongly Variable z=1.48 Fe II and Mg II Absorption in the Spectra of z=4.05 GRB 060206”

Harrison, T.E., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 444, “ Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of Intermediate Polars: Constraints on Mid-Infrared Cyclotron Emission”

Harrison, T.E., Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 162, “The Nature of the Secondary Star in the Black Hole X-Ray Transient V616 Mon (=A0620-00)”

Hines, D.C., … Najita, J., et al. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of California), “The Moth: An Unusual Circumstellar Debris Structure Associated with HD 61005”

Hinkle, K.H., Brittain, S.D., Lambert, D.L. 2007, ApJ, 664, 501, “Infrared High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Post-AGB Circumstellar Disks. I. HR 4049: The Winnowing Flow Observed?”

Howell, S.B., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 709, “ Mass Determination and Detection of the Onset of Chromospheric Activity for the Substellar Object in EF Eridani”

B-4 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Huynh, M., …Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, L9, “The Far-Infrared Luminosity Function from GOODS-N: Constraining the Evolution of Infrared Galaxies for z <= 1”

Johnson, A.M., Pompea, S.M., … Walker, C.E., Sparks, R.T. 2007, SPIE Proc. 6668, eds. R.J. Koshel, G.G. Gregory (SPIE), “Hands-On Optics: An Informal Science Education Initiative”

Kafka, S., Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1645, “A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Cataclysmic Variable ST LMi During 2005-2006”

Kassin, S.A., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L35, “The Stellar Mass Tully-Fisher Relation to z = 1.2 from AEGIS”

Kinman, T.D., Salim, S., Clewley, L. 2007, ApJ, 662, L111, “The Identification of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars Using GALEX and Other Photometry”

Kinman, T.D., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 1381, “Kinematic Structure in the Galactic Halo at the North Galactic Pole: RR Lyrae and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars Show Different Kinematics”

Knight, M.M., … Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, Icarus, 187, 199, “Ground-based Visible and Near- IR Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 During the Deep Impact Encounter”

Konidaris, N. P., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L7, “AEGIS: Galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions from the X-Ray to Radio”

Kriek, M., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 649, L71, “Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Galaxies at z ~ 2.3 with Strongly Suppressed Star Formation”

Labbe, I., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, “The Color-Magnitude Distribution of Field Galaxies to z ~ 3: The Evolution and Modeling of the Blue Sequence”

Lauer, T.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 226, “The Centers of Early-Type Galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope. VI. Bimodal Central Surface Brightness Profiles”

Lauer, T.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 808, “The Masses of Nuclear Black Holes in Luminous Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for the Space Density of the Most Massive Black Holes”

Lebzelter, T., … Hinkle, K., et al. 2006, ApJ, 653, L145, “Tracing the Development of Dust around Evolved Stars: The Case of 47 Tuc”

Lee, J.C. 2007, PASP, 119, 858, “On the Prevalence of Starbursts in Dwarf Galaxies”

Lee, T.-H., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 341, “Optically Thick Radio Cores of Narrow-Waist Bipolar Nebulae”

B-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Lee, T.-H., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 987, “High-Resolution Spectra of Bright Central Stars of Bipolar Planetary Nebulae and the Question of Magnetic Shaping”

Lee, T.-H., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 372, eds. R. Napiwotzki and M.R. Burleigh (ASP), 173, “High Resolution Echelle Spectroscopy of Central Stars of Bipolar Planetary Nebulae: Disclosing the Shaping Mechanisms of Asymmetric Planetary Nebulae”

Lee, T.-H., Stanghellini, L., Shaw, R.A., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 447, “Carbon Abundances in the Small Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae”

Le Floc’h, E., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L65, “Far-Infrared Characterization of an Ultraluminous Starburst Associated with a Massively Accreting Black Hole at z=1.15”

Lilly, S.J., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 70, “zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS Redshift Survey Covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS Field”

Lin, L., … Lotz, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L51, “AEGIS: Enhancement of Dust-enshrouded Star Formation in Close Galaxy Pairs and Merging Galaxies up to z ~ 1”

Livingston, W., Wallace, L., et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 1137, “Sun-as-a-Star Spectrum Variations 1974- 2006”

Macri, L.M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1133, “A New Cepheid Distance to the Maser-Host Galaxy NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant”

Maraston, C., Daddi, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 85, “Evidence for TP-AGB Stars in High-Redshift Galaxies, and Their Effect on Deriving Stellar Population Parameters”

Marchesini, D., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 42, “The Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Functions of Galaxies at 2<=z<=3.5”

Mason, E., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, A&A, 467, 277, “First Detection of Zeeman Absorption Lines in the Polar VV Puppis. Observations of Low Activity States”

Massey, P., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2393, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. II. UBVRI Photometry of Stars in Seven Dwarfs and a Comparison of the Entire Sample”

McCarthy, D.W., … Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, Icarus, 189, 184, “Comet Hale Bopp in Outburst: Imaging the Dynamics of Icy Particles with HST/NICMOS”

McSaveney, J. A., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1089, “Abundances in Intermediate- mass AGB Stars Undergoing Third Dredge-up and Hot-bottom Burning”

B-6 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Meijerink, R., Glassgold, A., Najita, J. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of California), “Probing X-ray Irradiated Protoplanetary Disks”

Meixner, M., … Blum, R., … Mould, J., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2268, “Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy’s Evolution (SAGE). I. Overview and Initial Results”

Metchev, S., … Najita, J., et al. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of California), “Multi-Wavelength Modeling of the Resolved Debris Disk around HD 107146”

Meyer, M.R., … Najita, J., … Strom, S., et al. 2006, PASP, 118, 1690, “The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Placing Our Solar System in Context with Spitzer”

Mighell, K.J. 2007, Proceedings of the 2007 NASA Science Technology Conference, “Improving the Precision of Near-Infrared Stellar Photometry by Modeling the Image Formation Process within a Lossy Detector”

Miknaitis, G., … Smith, R.C., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 674, “The ESSENCE Supernova Survey: Suervey Optimization, Observations, and Supernova Photometry”

Miroshnichenko, A.S., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2006, ASP Conf. 355, eds. M. Kraus and A.S. Miroshnichenko (ASP), 315, “B[e] Stars with Warm Dust: Revealing the Nature of Unclassified B[e] Stars and Expanding the Family”

Mobasher, B., … Mould, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 117, “Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in COSMOS”

Monnier, J.D., … Ridgway, S., et al. 2007, Science, 317, 342, “Imaging the Surface of Altair”

Moro-Martin, A., … Najita, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1312, “Are Debris Disks and Massive Planets Correlated?”

Moustakas, L.A., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L31, “A Strong-Lens Survey in AEGIS: The Influence of Large-Scale Structure”

Mukadam, A.S, … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 433, “Discovery of Two New Accreting Pulsating White Dwarf Stars”

Najita, J.R., Strom, S.E., Muzerolle, J. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 369, “Demographics of Transition Objects”

Najita, J.R., et al. 2007, Protostars and Planets V, eds. B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, and K. Keil (University of Arizona Press), 507, “Gaseous Inner Disks”

B-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Noeske, K.G., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L43, “Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1: The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star- forming Galaxies”

Noeske, K.G., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L47, “Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1: Staged Galaxy Formation and a Model of Mass-dependent Gas Exhaustion”

Oey, M.S., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 661, 801, “The Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies. III. Diffuse, Warm Ionized Medium and Escape of Ionizing Radiation”

Pascucci, I., … Najita, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 383, “Detection of [Ne II] Emission from Young Circumstellar Disks”

Pascucci, I., … Najita, J., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1177, “Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Upper Limits to the Gas Mass in Disks around Sun-like Stars”

Pierce, C.M., Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L19, “AEGIS: Host Galaxy Morphologies of X-Ray- selected and Infrared-selected Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.2 <= z < 1.2”

Pompea, S.M. 2007, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) 2007 Conference Proceedings, ed. M. Nantel, “Hands-On Optics: From Art to Science in Discovering Light and Color”

Pompea, S.M. 2006, ASTC Dimensions, Sept/Oct, 8, “Hands-On Optics: Teaching the Technology behind Astronomy”

Pompea, S.M. 2007, ASTC Dimensions, Jul/Aug, 13, “Science Sonatas: Listening to Data”

Pompea, S.M., … Walker, C.E., Sparks, R.T. 2007, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) 2007 Conference Proceedings, ed. M. Nantel, “Using Misconceptions Research in the Design of Optics Instructional Materials and Teacher Professional Development Programs”

Quadri, R., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1103 “The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Near-Infrared Imaging and the Selection of Distant Galaxies”

Quadri, R., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 138, “Clustering of K-selected Galaxies at 2 < z < 3.5: Evidence for a Color-Density Relation”

Ravikumar, C.C., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, A&A, 465, 1099, “New Spectroscopic Redshifts from the CDFS and a Test of the Cosmological Relevance of the GOODS-South Field”

Ravindranath, S., … Lotz, J., Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 963, “The Morphological Diversities Among Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshifts in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey”

B-8 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Reddy, N.A., et al. 2006, ApJ, 653, 1004, “A Spectroscopic Survey of Redshift 1.4<~z<~3.0 Galaxies in the GOODS-North Field: Survey Description, Catalogs, and Properties”

Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 324, eds. L. Romano, M. Corradi, and U. Munari (ASP), 146, “Light Echoes of SNe in the LMC”

Rettura, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, A&A, 458, 717, “Comparing Dynamical and Photometric- stellar Masses of Early-type Galaxies at z ~ 1”

Reuland, M., … Dey, A., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2607, “Metal-Enriched Gaseous Halos around Distant Radio Galaxies: Clues to Feedback in Galaxy Formation”

Riess, A.G., … Dickinson, M., … MacDonald, E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 98, “New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z >= 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy”

Rudnick, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 50, 624, “Measuring the Average Evolution of Luminous Galaxies at z < 3: The Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Density, Spectral Energy Distribution, and Stellar Mass Density”

Samarasinha, N.H. 2007, Advances in Space Research, 39, 421, “Rotation and Activity of Comets”

Sandage, A., … Saha, A., et al. 2006, ApJ, 653, 843, “The Hubble Constant: A Summary of the Hubble Space Telescope Program for the Luminosity Calibration of Type Ia Supernovae by Means of Cepheids”

Sanders, D.B., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 86, “S-COSMOS: The Spitzer Legacy Survey of the Hubble Space Telescope ACS 2 deg2 COSMOS Field I: Survey Strategy and First Analysis”

Scarlata, C., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 494, “The Redshift Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in COSMOS: Do Massive Early-Type Galaxies Form by Dry Mergers?”

Schmidt, M.R., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2007, Baltic Astro., 16, 14, “Chemical Composition and Spectroscopic Variability of CH CYG”

Scoville, N., … Mould, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 38, “COSMOS: Hubble Space Telescope Observations”

Seymour, N., … Dickinson, M., Dey, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 171, 353, “The Massive Hosts of Radio Galaxies Across Cosmic Time”

Shaw, R.A., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 19, “Confirmation of New Planetary Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

B-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Shaw, R.A., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2006, ApJS, 167, 201, “Hubble Space Telescope Images of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae”

Shaw, R.A. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 305, “Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae”

Shields, J.C., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 125, “The Survey of Nearby Nuclei with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph: Emission-Line Nuclei at Hubble Space Telescope Resolution”

Skillman, E.D., … Lee, J.C., et al. 2007, IAU Symp. 241, eds. A. Vazdekis and R.F. Peletier (Cambridge), 286, “The Recent Star Formation Histories of Nearby Galaxies”

Smoker, J.V., … Silva, D., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 947, “Observations towards Early-type Stars in the ESO-POP Survey - II. Searches for Intermediate- and High-velocity Clouds”

Sparks, R.T., Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E. 2007, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) 2007 Conference Proceedings, ed. M. Nantel, “The Development of a Low-Cost Laser Communication System for Classroom Use”

Stanek, K.Z., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, L21, “‘Anomalous’ Optical Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows Are Common: Two z ~ 4 Bursts, GRB 060206 and GRB 060210”

Stanghellini, L., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 898, “Planetary Nebula Abundances and Morphology: Probing the Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way”

Stanghellini, L., … Shaw, R.A., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 313, “The IRS Spitzer Spectra of the Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae: Revealing the Dust and Gas Chemistry”

Stapelfeldt, K., … Chen, C., et al. 2007, Proceedings of the Conference In the Spirit of Bernard Lyot: The Direct Detection of Planets and Circumstellar Disks in the 21st Century, ed. P. Kalas (University of Calilfornia), “An HST/Spitzer Study of the HD 10647 Debris Disk”

Steeghs, D., Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 442, “Dynamical Constraints on the Component Masses of the Cataclysmic Variable WZ Sagittae”

Stern, D., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 677, “Mid-Infrared Selection of Brown Dwarfs and High-Redshift Quasars”

Stubbs, C.W., … Smith, R.C., … Saha, A., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 373, “Preliminary Results from Detector-Based Throughput Calibration of the CTIO Mosaic Imager and Blanco Telescope Using a Tunable Laser”

B-10 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Sullivan, I., … Dey, A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 37, “Clustering of the IR Background Light with Spitzer: Contribution from Resolved Sources”

Szkody, P., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 372, eds. R. Napiwotzki and M.R. Burleigh (ASP), 547, “Hotter than Expected: GALEX and HST Results on White Dwarfs in Cataclysmic Variables”

Trilling, D.E., … Chen, C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1264, “Debris Disks in Main-sequence Binary Systems”

Trujillo, I., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, Island Universes, ed. R.S. de Jong (Springer), 481, “Size Evolution of Galaxies Since z~3: Combining SDSS, GEMS and Fires”

Trujillo, I., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 18, “The Size Evolution of Galaxies Since z~3: Combining SDSS, GEMS, and FIRES”

Tucker, D.L., … Smith, C., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 187, “The Photometric Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey”

Villaver, E., Stanghellini, L., Shaw, R.A. 2007, ApJ, 656, 831, “The Mass Distribution of the Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Villaver, E., … Stanghellini, L., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 333, “How Planetary Nebulae Shells Interact with their Local Environment”

Wang, L., … Blum, R., et al. 2007, Applied Optics, 46, 25, 6460, “High-Accuracy Differential Image Motion Monitor Measurements for the Thirty Meter Telescope Site Testing Program”

Walker, C.E., Sparks, R. T., Pompea, S. M. 2007, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) 2007 Conference Proceedings, ed. M. Nantel, “Hands-On Optics Science Camps and Clubs”

Walker, C. E., Sparks, R. T., Pompea, S. M. 2007, Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP) 2007 Conference Proceedings, ed. M. Nantel, “Optics Education in the International Year of Astronomy”

Wallace, L., Hinkle, K. 2007, ApJS, 169, 159, “An Infrared Line List for C I”

Wallace, L., Livingston, W.D. 2007, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16805, “Thirty-five Year Trend of Hydrogen Chloride Amount above Kitt Peak, Arizona”

Ward, D. … Walker, C. E., Pompea, S. M., et al. 2006, The Earth Scientist, 22, 8, “GLOBE at Night: A World-Wide Hunt for Stars”

Waters, C.Z., … Lauer, T.R., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 885, “Luminosity Function of Faint Globular Clusters in M87”

B-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Weedman, D.W., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 101, “Spitzer IRS Spectra of Optically Faint Infrared Sources with Weak Spectral Features”

White, M., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, L69, “Evidence for Merging or Disruption of Red Galaxies from the Evolution of Their Clustering”

Wiklind, T., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, IAU Symp. 235, eds. F. Combes and J. Palous (Cambridge), 368, “Massive and Evolved Galaxies at z >= 5”

Williams, B.J., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, L33, “Dust Destruction in Fast Shocks of Core- Collapse Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Wilman, R.J., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 735, “The Association between Gas and Galaxies - II. The Two-point Correlation Function”

Wittkowski, M., Aufdenberg, J.P., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 855, “Tests of Stellar Model Atmospheres by Optical Interferometry. IV. VINCI Interferometry and UVES Spectroscopy of Menkar”

Wittkowski, M., … Aufdenberg, J.P., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 843, “Tests of Stellar Model Atmospheres by Optical Interferometry. III. NPOI and VINCI Interferometry of the M0 Giant γ Sagittae Covering 0.5–2.2 μm”

Wolff, S.C., Strom, S.E., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1092, “Rotational Velocities for B0-B3 Stars in Seven Young Clusters: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star- Forming Regions”

Wood-Vasey, … Matheson, T., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 694, “Observational Constraints on the Nature of Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey”

Wuyts, S., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 51, “What Do We Learn from IRAC Observations of Galaxies at 2 < z < 3.5?”

Xu, C., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 169, “Redshifts of Emission-Line Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field”

Yan, H., Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ASP Conf. 357, eds. L. Armus and W.T. Reach (ASP), 288, “High-z Galaxies Detected by the GOODS IRAC Observations in the HST Ultra Deep Field”

Yan, H., Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 24, “The Stellar Masses and Star Formation Histories of Galaxies at z ~ 6: Constraints from Spitzer Observations in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey”

Zirm, A.W., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 66, “NICMOS Imaging of DRGs in the HDF-S: A Relation between Star Formation and Size at z ~ 2.5”

B-12 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

NOAO South (La Serena)

Allers, … van der Bliek, N.S., et al. 2006, ASP Conf. 357, ed. L. Armus, W.T. Reach (ASP), 77, “Young, Jupiter-Mass Objects in Ophiuchus”

Andersen, D.R., … Tokovinin, A., et al. 2006, PASP, 118, 1574, “Performance Modeling of a Wide- Field Ground-Layer Adaptive Optics System”

Balega, Y.Y., … Tokovinin, A.A., et al. 2007, A&A, 464, 635, “Accurate Masses of Low Mass Stars GJ 765.2AB (0.83 Solar Masses + 0.76 Solar Masses)”

Barker, M.K., … Schommer, R., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1125, “The Stellar Populations in the Outer Regions of M33. II. Deep ACS Imaging”

Barker, M.K., … Schommer, R., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1138, “The Stellar Populations in the Outer Regions of M33. III. Star Formation History”

Bean, J.L., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 749, “The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities”

Benedict, G.F., … Els, S., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2206, “The Extrasolar Planet ε Eridani b: Orbit and Mass”

Berlind, A.A., Miller, C.J., et al. 2006, ApJS, 167, 1, “Percolation Galaxy Groups and Clusters in the SDSS Redshift Survey: Identification, Catalogs, and the Multiplicity Function”

Bernardi, M., … Miller, C.J., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1741, “The Luminosities, Sizes, and Velocity Dispersions of Brightest Cluster Galaxies: Implications for Formation History”

Bizyaev, D., Smith, V.V. 2007, PASP, 119, 143, “Fraction of Radial Velocity-Stable Stars in Early Observations of the Grid Giant Star Survey”

Blum, R.D., … Olsen, K.A.G., … Points, S., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2034, “Spitzer Sage Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Evolved Stars and Infrared Color-Magnitude Diagrams”

Bouchet, P., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 212, “SN 1987A After 18 Years: Mid-Infrared Gemini and Spitzer Observations of the Remnant”

Brooke, T.Y., … Boogert, A.C.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 364, “The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores. IV. Revealing the Embedded Cluster in B59”

B-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Bryan, B., … Miller, C.J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 25, “Mapping the Cosmological Confidence Ball Surface”

Cannon, R., … De Propris, R., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 425, “The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) Luminous Red Galaxy Survey”

Collister, A., … De Propris, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 68, “MegaZ-LRG: A Photometric Redshift Catalogue of One Million SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies”

Cunha, K., Smith, V.V. 2006, ApJ, 651, 491, “Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge as Derived from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of K and M Red Giants”

Davis, T.M., … Rest, A., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, “Scrutinizing Exotic Cosmological Models Using Essence Supernova Data Combined with Other Cosmological Probes”

De Propris, R., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2209, “The Rest-Frame K-Band Luminosity Function of Galaxies in Clusters to z = 1.3”

De Propris, R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 212, “The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The Connection Between Close Pairs and Asymmetry; Implications for the Galaxy Merger Rate”

Driver, S.P., …De Propris, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1022, “The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The B-Band Attenuation of Bulge and Disc Light and the Implied Cosmic Dust and Stellar Mass Densities”

Eisenhardt, P.R., … De Propris, R., et al. 2007, ApJS, 169, 225, “Multiaperture UBVRIzJHK Photometry of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster”

Els, S., …Gregory, B., et al. 2007, AN, 328, p.625, “The Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope and its Potential Role in Developing the Short-term Forecasting of Observing Conditions”

Garg, A., … Rest, A., … Olsen, K., Suntzeff, N., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 403, “Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae from Near the Time of Explosion”

Harsono, D., De Propris, R. 2007, MNRAS, 380, 1036, “The Cluster Galaxy Luminosity Function at z = 0.3: A Recent Origin of the Faint-end Upturn?”

Hinkle, K.H., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2006, ApJ, 641, 479, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. IV. V2116 Ophiuchi/GX 1+4, The Neutron Star Symbiotic”

Kafka, S. 2007, ASP Conf. 240, eds. W.I. Hartkopf, E.F. Guinan, and P. Harmanec (Cambridge), 154, “Detecting Chromospheric Activity on the Secondary Star of Cataclysmic Variables”

Kafka, S., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1645, “A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Cataclysmic Variable ST LMi During 2005-2006”

B-14 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Kafka, S., Honeycutt, R.K. 2006, AJ, 132, 1517, “Spectroscopy of Active and Inactive M Dwarfs in Praesepe”

Kellerer, A., Tokovinin, A. 2007, A&A, 461, 775, “Atmospheric Coherence Times in Interferometry: Definition and Measurement”

Koester, B.P., … Miller, C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, 239, “A MaxBCG Catalog of 13,823 Galaxy Clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”

Krisciunas, K., … Schwarz, H.E., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 687, “Optical Sky Brightness at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory from 1992 to 2006”

Lacy, M., … Ridgway, S.E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L61, “Large Amounts of Optically Obscured Star Formation in the Host Galaxies of Some Type 2 Quasars”

Lah, P., … De Propris, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 1357, “The H I Content of Star-Forming Galaxies at z = 0.24”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, 301, “HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC”

Massey, P., Olsen, K.A.G., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2393, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. II UBVRI Photometry of Stars in Seven Dwarfs and a Comparison of the Entire Sample”

Meixner, M., … Blum, Robert, … Olsen, K., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2268, “Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy’s Evolution (SAGE). I. Overview and Initial Results”

Miknaitis, G., … Rest, A., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 674, “The ESSENCE Supernova Survey: Suervey Optimization, Observations, and Supernova Photometry”

Monelli, … Walker, A.R., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 201, “Hints on the Calibration of Wide Field Imagers”

Monelli, M., … Walker, A.R. 2007, IAU Sym241, ed. A. Vazdekis, R.F. Peletier, 367, “Kinematical Properties of Stellar Populations in the Carina dSph Galaxy”

Newman, A.B., Rest, A. 2006, PASP, 118, 1484, “A Method for Extracting Light Echo Fluxes Using the NN2 Difference Imaging Technique”

Newman, A.B., Rest, A. 2007, ASP Conf. 363, ed. R.L.M. Corradi, U. Munari (ASP), 184, “A New Method for Extracting Light Echo Fluxes”

B-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Nichol, R., … Miller, C., et al. 2006, ASP Conf. 351, ed. C. Gabriel, C. Arviset, D. Ponz, E. Solano (ASP), 610, “Massive Science with VO and Grids”

Nonino, M., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 295, “On the Calibration of Multi-object Spectrographs”

Öberg, K.I., … Boogert, A.C.A., et al. A&A, 462, 1187, “Effects of CO2 on H2O Band Profiles and Band Strengths in Mixed H2O:CO2 Ices”

Olsen, K.A.G., Massey, P. 2007, ApJ, 656, L61, “Evidence for Tidal Effects in the Stellar Dynamics of the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Pietrzyński, G., … Walker, A., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2556, “The Araucaria Project: The Distance to the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 55 from a Newly Discovered Abundant Cepheid Population”

Porto de Mello, … Els, S., et al. 2006, IAU Sym 228, ed. V. Hill, François, F. Primas (IAU), 269, “Oxygen and Sulphur Abundances of Solar-Type Stars of the Solar Neighborhood”

Rest, A., Suntzeff, N.B., …, Olsen, K., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 363, ed. R.L.M. Corradi, U. Munari (ASP), 146, “Light Echoes of SNe in the LMC”

Robotham, A., De Propris, R., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1077, “Galaxy Luminosities in 2dF Percolation- Inferred Galaxy (2PIGG) Groups”

Roseboom, I.G., … De Propris, R., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 349, “The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey : The Star Formation Histories of Luminous Red Galaxies”

Salyk, C., Boogert, A.C.A., et al. ApJ, 655, L105, “Molecular Gas in the Inner 1 AU of the TW Hya and GM Aur Transitional Disks”

Sarajedini, A., … Schommer, R., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 290, “Newly Identified Star Clusters in M33. I. Integrated Photometry and Color-Magnitude Diagrams”

Schuler S.C., Cunha, K., Smith, V.V. et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, L81, “Fluorine in a Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star”

Stanghellini, L., … Cunha, K., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 898, “Planetary Nebula Abundances and Morphology: Probing the Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way”

Stubbs, C.W., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 373, “Preliminary Results from Detector-Based Throughput Calibration of the CTIO Mosaic Imager and Blanco Telescope Using a Tunable Laser”

Tokovinin, A. 2007, ASP Conf. 367, ed. N. St-Louis, A.F.J. Moffat (ASP), 615, “Dynamics of Multiple Stars: Observations”

B-16 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY07

Tokovinin, A.A., Gorynya, N.A. 2007, A&A, 465, 257, “New Spectroscopic Components in Multiple Systems. V.”

Tokovinin, A.A., Sarazin, M., Smette, A. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 701, “Testing Turbulence Model at Metric Scales with Mid-infrared VISIR Images at the VLT”

Torlina, L., De Propris, R., West, M.J. ApJ, 660, L97, “Galaxy Orientations in the Coma Cluster”

Tucker, D.L., … Miller, C., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 187, “The Photometric Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey”

Vanture, A.D., Smith, V.V., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 147, “Correlations Between Lithium and Technetium Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Galactic S Stars”

Wake, D.A., … De Propris, R., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 537, “The 2df SDSS LRG and QSO survey: Evolution of the Luminosity Function of Luminous Red Galaxies to z = 0.6”

Wang, L., … Els, S., et al. 2007, Applied Optics, 46, 25, 6460, “High-Accuracy Differential Image Motion Monitor Measurements for the Thirty Meter Telescope Site Testing Program”

Whiting, A.B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 715, “An Observational Limit on the Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Local Group”

Williams, B.J., … Points, S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, L33, “Dust Destruction in Fast Shocks of Core- Collapse Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Wood-Vasey, … Rest, A., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 694, “Observational Constraints on the Nature of Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey”

B-17

APPENDIX C KEY MANAGEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL CHANGES FY07

Key Management FY07

ƒ Todd A. Boroson, Interim Director, NOAO

ƒ Buell Jannuzi, Director, KPNO/Associate Director NOAO

ƒ Alistair Walker, Director, CTIO/Associate Director NOAO

ƒ Verne V. Smith, Director, NGSC

ƒ David Sprayberry, Associate Director, Major Instrumentation Program (MIP)

ƒ Doug Isbell, Associate Director for Public Affairs and Educational Outreach (PAEO)

ƒ Karen Wilson, Associate Director for Administration and Facilities

Scientific Personnel Changes FY07

New Appointments

Date Name Position Location 06/18/2007 Mark Brodwin Research Associate NOAO North 12/01/2006 Greg Doppmann Research Associate NOAO North 10/01/2006 Simon Schuler Research Associate NOAO South

Completed Employment

Date Name Position Location

04/30/2007 Dmitry V. Bizyaev Research Associate NOAO North

02/16/2007 Abraham C. Boogert Assistant Astronomer NOAO South

12/31/2006 C. Roger Lynds Astronomer/Tenure NOAO North

06/22/2007 Jeremy R. Mould Astronomer/Tenure NOAO North

10/20/2006 Hugo E. Schwarz Associate Astronomer NOAO South

05/12/2007 Stephen E. Strom Associate Director, GSMT Development NOAO North

08/17/2007 Sidney C. Wolff Program Head, LSST NOAO North

C-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Changed Status

Date Name Position Location

04/29/2007 Todd A. Boroson Interim Director, NOAO NOAO North

03/13/2007 Buell T. Jannuzi Director, KPNO/Assoc Director NOAO NOAO North

07/08/2007 Sean Points Assistant Scientist NOAO South

04/01/2007 Malcolm Smith Astronomer/Tenure NOAO South

Site Transfers

Date Name Location

03/01/2007 Dara J. Norman NOAO/South to NOAO/North

03/01/2007 Knut Olsen NOAO/South to NOAO/North

02/05/2007 Robert C. Smith NOAO/North to NOAO/South

C-2

APPENDIX D PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Gemini Telescopes (NOAO Gemini Science Center)g

Alonso-Herrero, A., Colina, L., Packham, C., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, L83, “High Spatial Resolution T-ReCS Mid-Infrared Imaging of Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

Berger, E., Fox, D. B., Price, P. A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 1000, “A New Population of High Redshift Short- Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts”

Bitner, M.A., Richter, M.J., Lacy, J.H., et al. 2007, ApJ, 661, L69, “TEXES Observations of Pure Rotational H2 Emission from AB Aurigae”

Blake, C. H., Charbonneau, D., White, R. J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 1198, “Multiepoch Radial Velocity Observations of L Dwarfs”

Blondin, S., Tonry, J. L. 2007, ApJ, 666, 1024, “Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum”

Bonanos, A. Z., … Macri, L. M., … Matheson, T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 313, “The First DIRECT Distance Determination to a Detached Eclipsing Binary in M33”

Bouchet, P., Dwek, E., … Suntzeff, N., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 212, “SN 1987A after 18 Years: Mid-Infrared GEMINI and SPITZER Observations of the Remnant”

Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 204, “Optical Line Diagnostics of z ≈ 2 Optically Faint Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Spitzer Boötes Survey”

Burgasser, A.J., Cruz, K.L., Kirkpatrick, J.D. 2007, ApJ, 657, 494, “Optical Spectroscopy of 2MASS Color- Selected Ultracool Subdwarfs”

Chen, H.-W., Prochaska, J.X., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 420, “On the Absence of Wind Signatures in GRB Afterglow Spectra: Constraints on the Wolf-Rayet Winds of GRB Progenitors”

Ciardi, D.R., Gomez Martin, C. 2007, ApJ, 664, 377, “Star Formation in the Bok Globule CG54”

Clayton, G.C., Geballe, T.R., Herwig, F., Fryer, C., Asplund, M. 2007, ApJ, 662, 1220, “Very Large Excesses of 18O in Hydrogen-deficient Carbon and R Coronae Borealis Stars: Evidence for White Dwarf Mergers”

Cook, J.C., Desch, S.J., Roush, T.L., Trujillo, C.A., Geballe, T.R. 2007, ApJ, 663, 1406, “Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Charon: Possible Evidence for Cryovolcanism on Kuiper Belt Objects”

Cruz, K.L., Reid, I.N., Kirkpatrick, J.D., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 439, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. IX. The Luminosity Function of M7-L8 Ultracool Dwarfs in the Field”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program

D-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Cunha, K., Smith, V. V. 2006, ApJ, 651, 491, “Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge as Derived from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of K and M Red Giants”

Daemgen, S., Siegler, N., Reid, I.N., Close, L.M. 2007, ApJ, 654, 558, “Discovery of Nine New Companions to Nearby Young M Stars with the Altair AO System”

Fassnacht, C.D., McKean, J.P., Koopmans, L.V.E., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 667, “Three Gravitational Lenses for the Price of One: Enhanced Strong Lensing through Galaxy Clustering”

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P.R., Lebzelter, T. 2007, AJ, 133, 17, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. V. First Orbits for Three S-type Systems: Henize 2-173, CL Scorpii, and AS 270”

Gilbank, D.G., Yee, H.K.C., Ellingson, E., et al. 2007, AJ, 135, 282, “Spectroscopy of Moderately High Redshift RCS-1 Clusters”

Guy, J., Astier, P., Baumont, S., et al. 2007, A&A, 466, 11, “SALT2: Using Distant Supernovae to Improve the Use of Type Ia Supernovae as Distance Indicators”

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X., Burles, S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 61, “Quasars Probing Quasars. I: Optically Thick Absorbers near Luminous Quasars”

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X. 2007, ApJ, 655, 735, “Quasars Probing Quasars. II. The Anisotropic Clustering of Optically Thick Absorbers around Quasars”

Hinkle, K.H., Brittain, S.D., Lambert, D.L. 2007, ApJ, 664, 501, “Infrared High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Post-AGB Circumstellar disks. I. HR 4049 – The Winnowing Flow Observed?”

Hsiao, E.Y., Conley, A., Howell, D.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 1187, “K-Corrections and Spectral Templates of Type Ia Supernovae”

Ireland, M.J., Monnier, J.D., Tuthill, P.G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 651, “Born-Again Protoplanetary Disk around Mira B”

Jeltema, T.E., Mulchaey, J.S., Lubin, L.M., Fassnacht, C.D. 2007, ApJ, 658, 865, “The Evolution of Galaxies in X-ray-Luminous Groups”

Jiang, L., Fan, X., Vestergaard, M., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1150, “Gemini Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Luminous z ~ 6 Quasars: Chemical Abundances, Black Hole Masses, and Mg II Absorption”

Knutson, H. A., Charbonneau, D., Deming, D., Richardson, L. J. 2007, PASP, 119, 616, “A Ground-based Search for Thermal Emission from the Exoplanet TrES-1”

Kriek, M., van Dokkum, P.G., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 649, L71, “Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Galaxies at z ~ 2.3 with Strongly Suppressed Star Formation”

Lafrenière, D., Marois, C., Doyon, R., Nadeau, D., Artigau, É. 2007, ApJ, 660, 770, “A New Algorithm for Point-Spread Function Subtraction in High-Contrast Imaging: A Demonstration with Angular Differential Imaging”

Leggett, S. K., Marley, M. S., Freedman, R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 537, “Physical and Spectral Characteristics of the T8 and Later Type Dwarfs”

D-2 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Leggett, S.K., Saumon, D., Marley, M.S., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 1079, “3.6–7.9 μm Photometry of L and T Dwarfs and the Prevalence of Vertical Mixing in Their Atmospheres”

Mariñas, N., Telesco, C.M., Fisher, R.S., Packham, C., Radomski, J.T. 2006, ApJ, 653, 353, “Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Herbig Ae Star AB Aurigae: Extended Emission on Several Scales”

Mason, R.E., Levenson, N.A., Packham, C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 241, “Dust and PAH Emission in the Star- Forming Active Nucleus of NGC 1097”

McCarthy, P.J., Yan, H., Abraham, R.G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, L17, “A Compact Cluster of Massive Red Galaxies at a Redshift of 1.5”

Miknaitis, G., … Rest, A., … Smith, R. C., … Suntzeff, N. B., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 674, “The ESSENCE Supernova Survey: Survey Optimization, Observations, and Supernova Photometry”

Moerchen, M. M., Telesco, C. M. De Buizer, J. M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, L109, “12 and 18 μm Images of Dust Surrounding HD 32297”

Moerchen, M.M., Telesco, C.M., Packham, C., Kehoe, T.J.J. 2007, ApJ, 655, L109, “Mid-Infrared Resolution of a 3 AU-radius Debris Disk around ζ Leporis”

Ofek, E.O., Cenko, S.B., Gal-Yam, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 1129, “GRB 060505: A Possible Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst in a Star-Forming Region at a Redshift of 0.09”

Person, M.J., Elliot, J.L., Gulbis, A.A.S., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1575, “Charon’s Radius and Density from the Combined Data Sets of the 2005 July 11 Occultation”

Price, P.A., Songaila, A., Cowie, L.L., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, L57, “Properties of a Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy at z ~ 5”

Rol, E., Osborne, J.P., Page, K.L., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 1078, “The Early- and Late-Time Spectral and Temporal Evolution of GRB 050716”

Salyk, C., Blake, G.A., Boogert, A.C.A., Brown, J.M. 2007, ApJ, 655, L105, “Molecular Gas in the Inner 1 AU of the TW Hya and GM Aur Transitional Disks”

Schaefer, G.H., Simon, M., Beck, T.L., Nelan, E., Prato, L. 2006, AJ, 132, 2618, “Dynamical Mass Estimates for Incomplete Orbits: Young Multiple Stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus”

Schaller, E.L., Brown, M.E., Roe, H.G., Bouchez, A.H., Trujillo, C.A. 2006, Icarus, 184, 517, “Dissipation of Titan’s South Polar Clouds”

Schmidt, S.J., Cruz, K.L., Bongiorno, B.J., Liebert, J., Reid, I.N. 2007, AJ, 133, 2258, “Activity and Kinematics of Ultracool Dwarfs, Including an Amazing Flare Observation”

Schuler, S. C., Cunha, K., Smith, V. V., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, L81, “Fluorine in a Carbon-Enhanced Metal- Poor Star”

Simcoe, R.A. 2006, ApJ, 653, 977, “High-Redshift Intergalactic C IV Abundance Measurements from the Near-Infrared Spectra of Two z ~ 6 QSOs”

D-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Smith, N., Ferland, G.J. 2007, ApJ, 655, 911, “The Structure of the Homunculus. II. Modeling the Physical Conditions in η Carinae’s Molecular Shell”

Smith, N., Townsend, R. H. D. 2007, ApJ, 666, 967, “The Structure of the Homunculus. III. Forming a Disk and Bipolar Lobes in a Rotating Surface Explosion”

Soderberg, A.M., Berger, E., Kasliwal, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 261, “The Afterglow, Energetics, and Host Galaxy of the Short-Hard Gamma-Ray Burst 051221a”

Stanway, E.R., Bunker, A.J., Glazebrook, K., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 727, “The GLARE Survey – II. Faint z~6 Lyα Line Emitters in the HUDF”

Stassun, K. G., Mathieu, R. D., Valenti, J. A., 2007, ApJ, 664, 1154, “A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085”

Trujillo, C.A., Brown, M.E., Barkume, K.M., Schaller, E.L. Rabinowitz, D.L. 2007, ApJ, 655, 1172, “The Surface of 2003EL61 in the Near Infrared”

Wood-Vasey, E. M., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R. C., … Suntzeff, N. B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 694, “Observational Constraints on the Nature of the Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey”

Young, S., Packham, C., Mason, R.E., Radomski, J.T., Telesco, C.M. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 888, “Spatially Resolved Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of IC 5063”

D-4 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Telescopes at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory g

Afşar, M., Bond, H.E. 2007, AJ, 133, 387, “A Young Stellar Cluster Surrounding the Peculiar Eruptive Variable V838 Monocerotis”

Aigrain, S., Hodgkin, S., Irwin, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 29, “The Monitor Project: Searching for Occultations in Young Open Clusters”

Allers, K.N., Jaffe, D.T., van der Bliek, N.S., Allard, F., Baraffe, I. 2006, ASP Conf. 357, ed. L. Armus, W.T. Reach (ASP), 77, “Young, Jupiter-Mass Objects in Ophiuchus”

Arias, J.I., Barbá, R.H., Morrel, I. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 1253, “Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in the Lagoon Nebula (M8)”

Artigau, É., Doyon, R., Lafrenière, D., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, L57, “Discovery of the Brightest T Dwarf in the Northern Hemisphere”

Assef, R.J., Gould, A., Afonso, C., et al. 2006, ApJ, 649, 954, “Removing the Microlensing Blending-Parallax Degeneracy Using Source Variability”

Baker, J.M., Layden, C., Welch, D.L., Webb, T.M.A. 2007, AJ, 133, 139, “Variable Stars in Metal-Rich Globular Clusters. III. NGC 6539”

Bally, J., Walawender, J., Luhman, K.L., Fazio, G. 2006, AJ, 132, 1923, “Deep Imaging Surveys of Star- Forming Clouds. IV. The Meek and the Mighty: Outflows from Young Stars in Chamaeleon I”

Barnes, A.D., Casares, J., Cornelisse, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 380, 1182, “Kinematical Studies of the Low- Mass X-Ray Binary GR Mus (XB 1254-690)”

Bean, J.L., … Bizyaev, D., … Smith, V.V. 2007, AJ, 134, 749, “The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities”

Beers, T.C., Almeida, T., Rossi, S., Wilhelm, R., Marsteller, B. 2007, ApJS, 168, 277, “A Catalog of Candidate Field Horizontal-Branch and A-Type Stars. III. A 2MASS-Cleaned Version”

Beers, T.C., Flynn, C., Rossi, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 168, 128, “Broadband UBVRcIc Photometry of Horizontal-Branch and Metal-Poor Candidates from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys. I.”

Beers, T.C., Sivarani, T., Marsteller, B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1193, “Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon- Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. I. A SOAR/Osiris Pilot Study”

Bertoldi, F., Carilli, C., Aravena, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 132, “COSBO: The Mambo 1.2. Millimeter Imaging Survey of the COSMOS Field”

Bond, H.E., Afşar, M. 2007, ASP Conf. 363, ed. R.L.M. Corradi, U. Munari (ASP), 241, “A Young Open Cluster Surrounding V838 Monocerotis”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program or Practica de Investigación en Astronomía (PIA) program

D-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Bornancini, C.G., De Breuck, C., de Vries, W., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 551, “Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ultrasteep Spectrum Radio Sources”

Bouchet, P., … Suntzeff, N.B., Kirshner, R.P., Challis, P. 2006, ApJ, 650, 212, “SN 1987A After 18 Years: Mid-Infrared Gemini and Spitzer Observations of the Remnant”

Broeg, C., Schmidt, T.O.B., Guenther, E., et al. 2007, A&A, 468, 1039, “Rotational Period of GQ Lupi”

Brusa, M., Zamorani, G., Comastri, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 353, “The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS Field. III. Optical Identification and Multiwavelength Properties of a Large Sample of X- Ray-Selected Sources”

Cabrera-Lavers, A., Bilir, S., Ak, S., Yaz, E., López-Corredoira, M. 2007, A&A, 464, 565, “Estimation of Galactic Model Parameters in High Latitudes with 2MASS”

Calzetti, D., Kennicutt, R.C., Engelbracht, C.W., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 870, “The Calibration of Mid-Infrared Star Formation Rate Indicators”

Capak, P., Abraham, R.G., Ellis, R.S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 284, “The Effects of Environment on Morphological Evolution at 0< z < 1.2 in the COSMOS Survey”

Capak, P., Aussel, H., Ajiki, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 99, “The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near-IR Data and Catalog”

Carney, B.W., Young, D. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. François, F. Primas (IAU), 245, “[Fe/H] and [α/Fe] of Cepheids in the Outer Galactic Disk”

Carraro, G., Costa, E. 2007, A&A, 464, 573, “Photometry of the Five Marginally Studied Open Clusters Collinder 74, Berkeley 27, Haffner 8, NGC 2509, and VdB-Hagen 4”

Carraro, G., Maris, M., Bertin, D., Parisi, M.G. 2006, A&A, 460, L39, “Time Series Photometry of the Dwarf Planer ERIS (2003 UB313)”

Carraro, G., Moitinho, A., Zoccali, M., Vásquez, R.A., Baume, G. 2007, AJ, 133, 1058, “Photometry of a Galactic Field at l = 232, b = -6: The Old Open Cluster Auner 1, The Norma-Cygnus Spiral Arm, and the Signature of the Warped Galactic Thick Disk”

Cassan, A., Beaulieu, J.-P., Fouqué, P., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 277, “OGLE 2004-BLG-254: A K3 III Galactic Bulge Giant Spatially Resolved by a Single Microlens”

Cassata, P., Guzzo, L., Franceschini, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 270, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): The Morphological Content and Environmental Dependence of the Galaxy Color-Magnitude Relation at z ~ 0.7”

Castander, F.J., Treister, E., Maza, J., Gawiser, E. 2006, ApJ, 652, 955, “CXOCY J220132.8–320144: An Edge-On Spiral Gravitational Lens”

Clariá, J.J., Piatti, A.E., Parisi, M.C., Ahumada, A.V. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 159, “NGC 2236: A Moderately Metal-poor Open Cluster of Hyades-like Age Located Beyond the Perseus Spiral Arm”

Cobb, B.E., Baylin, C.D., van Dokkum, P.G., Natarajan, P. 2006, ApJ, 651, L85, “Could GRB 060614 and Its Presumed Host Galaxy be a Chance Superposition?”

D-6 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Cohen, J.G., McWilliam, A., Christlieb, N., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, L161, “A New Type of Extremely Metal- Poor Star”

Combi, J.A., Albacete Colombo, J.F., Romero, G.E., Benaglia, P. 2006, ApJ, 653, L41, “XMM-Newton Detection of the Supernova Remnant G337.2+0.1”

Corti, M., Bosch, G., Niemela, V. 2007, A&A, 467, 137, “A Search for OB Stars in the Field of the Galactic OB Association Bochum 7. I. UBV-IR Photometry and Optical Spectroscopy”

Cruz, K.L., Reid, I.N., Kirkpatrick, J.D., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 439, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. IX. The Luminosity Function of M7-L8 Ultracool Dwarfs in the Field”

Dai, X., Halpern, J.P., Morgan, N.D., et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 509, “Optical and X-Ray Observations of GRB 060526: A Complex Afterglow Consistent with an Achromatic Jet Break” de Ugarte Postigo, A., Fatkullin, T.A., Jóhannesson, G., et al. 2007, A&A, 462, L57, “Extensive Multiband Study of the X-Ray Rich GRB 050408. A Likely Off-Axis Event with an Intense Energy Injection”

Dong, S., Udalski, A., Gould, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 862, “First Space-Based Microlens Parallax Measurement: Spitzer Observations of OGLE-2005-SMC-001”

Ederoclite, A., Mason, E., Della Valle, M., et al. 2006, A&A, 459, 875, “Early Spectral Evolution of Nova Sagitarii 2004 (V5114 Sagitarii)”

Feldmann, R., Carollo, C.M., Porciani, C., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 565, “The Zurich Extragalactic Bayesian Redshift Analyzer and Its First Application: COSMOS”

Ferrarese L., Mould, J.R., Stetson, P.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 186, “The Discovery of Cepheids and a Distance to NGC 5128”

Finoguenov, A., Guzzo, L., Hasinger, G., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 182, “The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS Field: Statistica Properties of Clusters of Galaxies”

Forbrich, J., Preibisch, Th., Menten, K.M., et al. 2007, A&A, 464, 1003, “Simultaneous X-Ray, Radio, Near- Infrared, and Optical Monitoring of Young Stellar Objects in the Coronet Cluster”

Frebel, A., Christilieb, N., Norris, J.E., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1585, “Bright Metal-Poor Stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. I. Selection and Follow-up Observations from 329 Fields”

Gamen, R., Gosset, E., Morrel, N., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 777, “The First Orbital Solution for the Massive Colliding-Wind Binary HD 93162 (≡WR 25)”

Garg, A., … Rest, A., Smith, C., Olsen, K., Suntzeff, N., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 403, “Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae from Near the Time of Explosion”

Gladders, M.D., Yee, H.K.C., Majumdar, S., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 128, “Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey”

González, A.H., Zaritsky, D., Zabludoff, A.I. 2007, ApJ, 666, 147, “A Census of Baryons in Galaxy Clusters and Groups”

D-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Grocholski, A.J., Sarajedini, A., Olsen, K.A.G., Tiede, G.P., Mancone, C.L. 2007, AJ, 134, 680, “Distances to Populous Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud Via the K-Band Luminosity of the Red Clump”

Grundstrom, E.D., Gies, D.R., Hillwig, T.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 505, “A Spectroscopic Study of Mass Outflows in the Interacting Binary RY Scuti”

Guiles, S., Bernard-Salas, J., Pottasch, S.R., Roellig, T.L. 2007, ApJ, 660, 1282, “The Spitzer IRS Infrared Spectrum and Abundances of the Planetary Nebula IC 2448”

Guzzo, L., Cassata, P., Finoguenov, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 254, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): A Large-Scale Structure at z = 0.73 and the Relation of Galaxy Morphologies to Local Environment”

Hajian, A.R., Movit, S.M., Trofimov, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 169, 289, “An Atlas of [N II] and [O III] Images and Spectra of Planetary Nebulae”

Harris, J. 2007, ApJ, 658, 345, “The Magellanic Bridge: The Nearest Purely Tidal Stellar Population”

Harvey, J.W., Branston, D., Henney, C.J., Keller, C.U. 2007, ApJ, 659, L177, “Seething Horizontal Magnetic Fields in the Quiet Solar Photosphere”

Hebb, L., Petro, L., Ford, H.C., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 63, “A Search for Planets Transiting the M-dwarf Debris Disc Hot, AU Microscopii”

Henry, T.J., Jao, W.-C., Subasavage, J.P., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2360, “The Solar Neighborhood, XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the Recons 10 Parsec Sample”

Horch, E.P., Franz, O.G., van Altena, W.F. 2006, AJ, 132, 2478, “Characterizing Binary Stars Below the Diffraction Limit with CCD-Based Speckle Imaging”

Howe, R., Rempel, M., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., et al. 2006, ApJ, 649, 1155, “Solar Convection Zone Dynamics: How Sensitive Are Inversions to Subtle Dynamo Features?

Howell S.B., Walter, F.M., Harrison, T.E., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 709, “Mass Determination and Detection of the Onset of Chromospheric Activity for the Substellar Object in EF Eridani”

Hughes, J., Wallerstein, G., Covarrubias, R., Hays, N. 2007, AJ, 134, 229, “Washington Photometry of the Red Giant Branch in NGC 6388”

Irwin, J., Aigrain, S., Hodgkin, S., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 380, 541, “The Monitor Project: JW 380 – a 0.26- ,0.15-Solar Masses, Pre-main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the Orion Nebula Cluster”

Irwin, J., Hodgkin, S., Aigrain, S., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 741, “The Monitor Project: Rotation of Low- Mass Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 2516”

Jenkins, J.S., Jones, H.R.A., Tinney, C.G., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 163, “An Activity Catalogue of Southern Stars”

Jiménez-Reyes, S.J., Chaplin, W.J., Elsworth, Y., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 1135, “On the Variation of the Peak Asymmetry of Low-l Solar p Modes”

D-8 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Johnson, J.A., Herwig, F., Beers, T.C., Christlieb, N. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1203, “A Search for Nitrogen-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

Jonker, P.G., Bassa, C.G., Wachter, S. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 1295, “The Quasi-persistent Neutron Star Soft X- ray Transient 1M 1716-315”

Kallivayalil, N., van der Marel, R.P., Alcock, C. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1213, “Is the SMC Bound to the LMC? The Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion of the SMC”

Kartaltepe, J.S., Sanders, D.B., Scoville, N.Z., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 320, “Evolution of the Frequency of Luminous (≥L*V) Close Galaxy Pairs at z < 1.2 in the COSMOS Field”

Kim, J.-W., Kang, A., Rhee, J., et al. 2006, A&A, 459, 499, “Deep Near-IR Photometry of Eight Metal-Poor Globular Clusters in the Galactic Bulge and Halo”

Koekemoer, A.M., Aussel, H., Calzetti, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 196, “The COSMOS Survey: Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveysw Observations and Data Processing”

Krisciunas, K., Garnavich, P.M., Stanishev, V., et al. 2007, AJ 133, 58, “The Type Ia Supernova 2004S, a Clone of SN 2001el, and the Optimal Photometric Bands for Extinction Estimation”

Krisciunas, K., Semler, D.R., … Schwarz, H.E., Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 687, “Optical Sky Brightness at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory from 1992 to 2006”

Landolt, A.U. 2007, AJ, 133, 2502, “UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars around the Sky at -50° Declination”

Landolt, A.U., Uomoto, A.K. 2007, AJ, 133, 768, “Optical Multicolor Photometry of Spectrophotometric Standard Stars”

Leauthaud, A., Massey, R., Kneib, J.-P., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 219, “Weak Gravitational Lensing with COSMOS: Galaxy Selection and Shape Measurements”

Lee, J.-W., Carney, B.W. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. Francois, F. Primas (IAU), 401, “[Si/Ti] Elemental Ratios in 9 Old Halo Globular Clusters”

Leipski, C., Haas, M., Meusinger, H., et al. 2007, A&A, 464, 895, “Narrow-line AGN in the ISO-2MASS Survey”

Levesque, E.M., Massey, P., Olsen, K.A.G., Plez, B. 2007, ApJ, 667, 202, “Late-Type Red Supergiants: Too Cool for the Magellanic Clouds?”

Li, J.Z., Chu, Y.-H., Gruendl, R.A., Bally, J., Su, W. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1373, “Resolving the Nature of the Rosette HH 1 Jet Facing Strong UV Dissipation”

Lugger, P.M., Cohn, H., Heinke, C.O., Grindlay, J.E., Edmonds, P.D. ApJ, 657, 286, “Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099)”

Magalhães, A.M., Melgarejo, R., Preyra, A., Carciofi, A.C. 2006, ASP Conf. 355, ed. M. Kraus, A.S. Miroshnichenko (ASP), 147, “Polarimetry and the Envelopes of Magellanic B[e] Supergiants”

Marchesini, D. van Dokkum, P., Quadri, R., Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 42, “The Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Functions of Galaxies at 2 ≤ z ≤ 3.5”

D-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Marshall, J.L. 2007, AJ, 134, 778, “Mapping the Local Galactic Halo. I. Optical Photometry of Cool Subdwarf Candidates”

Masetti, N., Morelli, L., Palazzi, E., et al. 2006, A&A, 459, 21, “Unveiling the Nature of INTEGRAL Objects Through Optical Spectroscopy. V. Identification and Properties of 21 Southern Hard X-Ray Sources”

Massey, P., Levesque, E.M., Olsen, K.A.G., Plez, B., Skiff, B.A. 2007, ApJ, 660, 301, “HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC”

Massey, P., Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2393, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. II UBVRI Photometry of Stars in Seven Dwarfs and a Comparison of the Entire Sample”

Massey, R., Rhodes, J., Leauthaud, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 239, “COSMOS: Three-Dimensional Weak Lensing and the Growth of Structure”

McCracken, H.J., Peacock, J.A., Guzzo, L., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 314, “The Angular Correlations of Galaxies in the COSMOS Field”

Mendel, J.T., Proctor, R.N., Forbes, D.A. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1618, “The Age, Metallicity and α-Element Abundance of Galactic Globular Clusters from Single Stellar Population Models”

Mhlahlo, N., Buckley, D.A.H., Dhillon, V.S., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 380, 133, “The Discovery of a Persistent Quasi-Periodic Oscillation in the Intermediate Polar TX Col”

Michard, R. 2007, A&A, 464, 507, “Structure, Colours, and Populations of NGC 3115. Mysteries of a Well- known Object”

Miknaitis, … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 674, “The ESSENCE Supernova Survey: Suervey Optimization, Observations, and Supernova Photometry”

Mobasher, B., Capak, P., … Mould, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 117, “Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in COSMOS”

Monelli, M., Bono, G., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 201, “Hints on the Calibration of Wide Field Imagers”

Muñoz, R.R., Carlin, J.L., Frinchaboy, P.M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, L51, “Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: The Dynamics and Matallicity of the Dwarf Spheroidal in Boötes”

Nakanishi, H., Sofue, Y. 2006, PASJ, 58, 847, “Three-Dimensional Distribution of the ISM in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. The Molecular Gas Disk”

Nazé, Y., Rauw, G., Hutsemékers, D., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 371, 1594, “The Atypical Emission-Line Star Hen 3-209”

Neil, E.T., Bailyn, C.D., Cobb, B.E. 2007, ApJ, 657, 409, “Infrared Monitoring of the Microquasar GRS 1915+105: Detection of Orbital and Superhump Signatures”

Newman, A.B., Rest, A. 2006, PASP, 118, 1484, “A Method for Extracting Light Echo Fluxes Using the NN2 Difference Imaging Technique”

D-10 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Newman, A.B., Rest, A. 2007, ASP Conf. 363, ed. R.L.M. Corradi, U. Munari (ASP), 184, “A New Method for Extracting Light Echo Fluxes”

Nonino, M., Bono, G., … Walker, A.R. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 295, “On the Calibration of Multi-object Spectrographs”

Norris, R.P., Afonso, J., Appleton, P.N., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 2409, “Deep Atlas Radio Observations of the Chandra Deep Field-South/Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic Field”

O’Dell, C.R., Henney, W.J., Ferland, G.J. 2007, AJ, 133, 2343, “Determination of the Physical Conditions of the Knots in the Helix Nebula from Optical and Infrared Observations”

Pandey S.B., Castro-Tirado, A.J., McBreen, S., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 415, “Multi-Wavelength Afterglow Observations of the High Redshift GRB 050730”

Payne, J.L., White, G.L., Filipović, M.D., Pannuti, T.G. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 1793, “An ATCA Radio- Continuum Study of the Small Magellanic Cloud - V. Long-slit Optical Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants and Confirmation of a New Candidate Supernova Remnant”

Peeples, M.S., Bonanos, A.Z., DePoy, D.L., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, L61, “The Nature of the Variable Galactic Center Source GCIRS 16SW Revisited: A Massive Eclipsing Binary”

Philips, M.M., Li, W., Frieman, J.A., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 360, “The Peculiar SN 2005hk: Do Some Type Ia Supernovae Explode as Deflagrations?”

Piatti, A.E., Clariá, J.J., Mermilliod, J.-C., Parisi, M.C., Ahumada, A.V. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 1737, “CCD BVI Photometry and Coravel Observations of Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 2489”

Piatti, A.E., Sarajedini, A., Geisler, D., Clark, D., Seguel, J. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 300, “Young Star Clusters Immersed in Intermediate-age Fields in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

Piau, L., Beers, T.C., Balsara, D.S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 653, 300, “From First Stars to the Spite Plateau: A Possible Reconciliation of Halo Stars Observations with Predictions from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis”

Platais, I., Melo, C., Memilliod, J.-C., et al. 2007, A&A, 461, 509, “WIYN Open Cluster Study XXVI. Improved Kinematic Membership and Spectroscopy of IC 2391”

Pointdexter, S., Morgan, N., Kochanek, C., Falco E.E. 2007, ApJ, 660, 146, “Mid-IR Observations and a Revised Time Delay for the Gravitational Lens System Quasar HE 1104-1805”

Pompéia, L., Hill, V., Spite, M. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. François, F. Primas (IAU), 519, “Abundances in a Large Sample of Stars in the LMC Disk II. Cu, Sc, and s-elements and Some Relationships Between Elements”

Prochaska, L.C., Rose, J.A., Caldwell, N., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 321, “Hδ in the Integrated Light of Galaxies: What are We Actually Measuring?”

Quadri, R., van Dokkum, P., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 138, “Clustering of K-Selected Galaxies at 2 < z < 3.5: Evidence for a Color-Density Relation”

Rabinowitz, D.L., Schaefer, B.E., Tourtellotte, S.W. 2007, AJ, 133, 26, “The Diverse Solar Phase Curves of Distant ICY Bodies. I. Photometric Observations of 18 Trans-Neptunian Objects, 7 Centaurs, and Nereid”

D-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Rauw, G., Manfroid, J., Gosset, E., et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 981, “Early-Type Stars in the Core of the Young Open Cluster Westerlund 2”

Ravindranath, S., Giavalisco, M., ... Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 963, “The Morphological Diversities Among Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshifts in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey”

Rea, N., Torres, M.A.P., Jonker, P.G., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1484, “Accurate X-Ray Position and Multiwavelength Observations of the Isolated Neutron Star RBS 1774”

Reid, I.N., Cruz, K.L., Allen, P.R. 2007, AJ, 133, 2825, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. XI. Beyond the NLTT Catalog”

Rest, A., Suntzeff, N.B., Smith, R.C., Olsen, K., … Damke, G., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 363, ed. R.L.M. Corradi, U. Munari (ASP), 146, “Light Echoes of SNe in the LMC”

Rhodes, J.D., Massey R.J., Albert, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 203, “The Stability of the Point-Spread Function of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope and Implications for Weak Gravitational Lensing”

Ribeiro, F.M.A., Diaz, M.P. 2007, AJ, 133, 2659, “Emission-Line Flickering from the Secondary Star in Cataclysmic Variables? A Study of V3885 Sagittarii”

Rich, R.M., Reitzel, D.B., Howard, C.D., Zhao, H.S. 2007, ApJ, 658, L29, “The Bulge Radial Velocity Assay: Techniques and a Rotation Curve”

Riffel, R.A., Storchi-Bergmann, T., Winge, C., Barbosa, F.K.B. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 2, “ Gemini Near- Infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Region of ESO 428-G14: Kinematics, Excitation and the Role of the Radio Jet”

Robin, A.C., Rich, R.M., Aussel, H., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 545, “The Stellar Content of the COSMOS Field as Derived from Morphological and Sed-Based Star/Galaxy Separation”

Ryle, W.T., Osterman, M.A., Miller, H.R. 2006, ASP Conf. 350, ed. H.R. Miller, K. Marshal, J.R. Webb, M.F. Aller (ASP), 63, “Optical Variability of the Blazar PKS 2155-304”

Sanders, D.B., Salvato, M., Aussel, H., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 86, “S-COSMOS: The Spitzer Legacy Survey of the Hubble Space Telescope ACS 2 deg2 COSMOS Field I: Survey Strategy and First Analysis”

Sargent, M.T., Carollo, C.M., Lilly, S.J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 434, “The Evolution of the Number Density of Large Disk Galaxies in COSMOS”

Scarlata, C., Carollo, C.M., Lilly, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 406, “COSMOS Morphological Classification with the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types (ZEST) and the Evolution Since z = 1 of the Luminosity Function of Early, Disk, and Irregular Galaxies”

Scarlata, C., Carollo, C.M., Lilly, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 494, “The Redshift Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in COSMOS: Do Massive Early-Type Galaxies from By Dry Mergers?”

Schmidt, S.J., Cruz, K.L., Bongiorno, B.J., Liebert, J., Reid, I.N. 2007, AJ, 133, 2258, “Activity and Kinematics of Ultracool Dwarfs, Including an Amazing Flare Observation”

D-12 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Scoville, N., Aussel, H., Benson, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 150, “Large Structures and Galaxy Evolution in COSMOS at z < 1.1”

Scoville, N., Aussel, H., Brusa, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 1, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview”

Smith, N., Bally, J., Walawender, J. 2007, AJ, 134, 846, “And in the Darkness Bind Them: Equatorial Rings, B[e] Supergiants, and the Waists of Bipolar Nebulae”

Smolčič, V., Schinnnerer, E., Finoguenov, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 295, “A Wide-Angle Tail Radio Galaxy in the COSMOS Field: Evidence for Cluster Formation”

Sobeck, J.S., Simmerer, J., Ivans, I.I., et al. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. François, F. Primas (IAU), 379, “Manganese Abundances in Cluster and Field Stars”

Spekkens, K., Giovanelli, R. 2006, AJ, 132, 1426, “The Structure of Rapidly Rotating Late-Type Spiral Galaxies. I. Photometry, HI, and Optical Kinematics”

Stubbs, C.W., … Smith, R.C., Suntzeff, N.B., Saha, A., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 373, “Preliminary Results from Detector-Based Throughput Calibration of the CTIO Mosaic Imager and Blanco Telescope Using a Tunable Laser”

Subasavage, J.P., Henry, T., Bergeron, P., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 252, “The Solar Neighborhood. XIX. Discovery and Characterization of 33 New Nearby White Dwarf Systems”

Subasavage, J.P., Henry, T.J., Bergeron, P., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 372, ed. R. Napiwotzki, M.R. Burleigh (ASP), 53, “Idetifying and Characterizing New Nearby White Dwarfs”

Temim, T., Gehrz, D., Woodward, C.E., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1610, “Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Crab Nebula”

Tomsick, J.A., Gelino, D.M., Kaaret, P. 2007, ApJ, 663, 461, “Uncovering the Nature of the X-Ray Transient 4U 1730-22: Discovery of X-Ray Emission from a Neutron Star in Quiescence with Chandra”

Trilling, D.E., Stansberry, J.A., … Chen, C.H., et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1289, “Debris Disks in Main-Sequence Binary Systems”

Tucker, D.L., … Miller, C., Smith, C., et al. ASP Conf. 364, ed. C. Sterken (ASP), 187, “The Photometric Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey”

Vanture, A.D., Smith, V.V., Lutz, J., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 147, “Correlations Between Lithium and Technetium Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Galactic S Stars”

Vig, S., Ghosh, S.K., Ojha, D.K., Verma, R.P. 2007, A&A, 463, 175, “Infrared Study of the Southern Galactic Star-Forming Region Associated with IRAS 14416-5937”

Walborn, N.R., Smith, N., Howarth, I.D., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 156, “Interstellar Absorption-Line Evidence for High-Velocity Expanding Structures in the Carina Nebula Foreground”

Walker, M.G., Mateo, M., Olszewski, E.W., et al. 2007, ApJS, 171, 389, “The Michigan/Mike Fiber System Survey of Stellar Radial Velocities in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: Acquisition and Reduction of Data”

D-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Wallerstein, G., Kovtyukh, V., Andrievsky, S. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. François, F. Primas (IAU), 413, “NGC 6388: Chemical Composition of Its 8 Cool Giants”

Wallerstein, G., Kovtyukh, V., Andrievsky, S. 2007, AJ, 133, 1373, “NGC 6388: Chemical Composition of its Eight Cool Giants”

Walter, F.M., Neff, J.E. 2006, ASP Conf. 348, ed. Sonneborn, Moos, Andersson (ASP), 174, “The Rotation of PZ Tel in the Far-UV”

Watson, D., Fynbo, J.P.U., Ledoux, C., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1011, “A Log NHI = 22.6 Lyα Absorber in a Dark Gamma-Ray Burst: The Environment of GRB 050401”

Weiner, B.J., Willmer, C.N.A., Faber, S.M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 653, 1027, “A Survey of Galaxy Kinematics to z ~ 1 in the TKRS/Goods-N Field. I. Rotation and Dispersion Properties”

Whiting, A.B., Hau, G.K.T., Irwin, M., Verdugo, M. 2007, AJ, 133, 715, “An Observational Limit on the Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Local Group”

Williams, R.M., Chu, Y.-H., Gruendl, R. 2006, AJ, 132, 1877, “Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds. VII. Infrared Emmision from Supernova Remnants”

Wisniewski, J.P., Bjorkman, K.S. 2006, ApJ, 652, 458, “The Role of Evolutionary Age and Metallicity in the Formation of Classical Be Circumstellar Disks. I. New Candidate Be Stars in the LMC, SMC, and Milky Way”

Wisniewski, J.P., Bjorkman, K.S., Magalhães, A.M., Pereyra, A. 2007, ApJ, 664, 296, “The Magnetic Field Structure of the LMC 2 Supershell: NGC 2100”

Wood-Vasey, W.M., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 694, “Observational Constraints on the Nature of Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey”

Young, D., Carney, B.W. 2006, IAU Sym228, ed. V. Hill, P. François, F. Primas (IAU), 545, “Abundance Ratios in Open Clusters and Field Giants of the Outer Galactic Disk”

Zamojski, M.A., Schiminovich, D., Rich, R.M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 468, “Deep Galex Imaging of the COSMOS HST Field: A first Look at the Morphology of z ~ 0.7 Star-Forming Galaxies”

Zwintz, K., Weiss, W.W. 2006, A&A, 457, 237, “Pulsating Pre-main Sequence Stars in IC 4996 and NGC 6530”

D-14 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatoryg

Agafonov, M., Richards, M., Sharova, O. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1547, “Three-dimensional Doppler Tomogram of Gas Flows in the Algol-Type Binary U Coronae Borealis”

Aigrain, S., Hodgkin, S., Irwin, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 29, “The Monitor Project: Searching for Occultations in Young Open Clusters”

Allen, P.R., Koerner, D.W., McElwain, M.W., Cruz, K.L., Reid, I.N. 2007, AJ, 133, 971, “A New Brown Dwarf Desert? A Scarcity of Wide Ultracool Binaries”

Andersen, D.R., Bershady, M.A., Sparke, L.S., et al. 2006, ApJS, 166, 505, “The Photometric and Kinematic Structure of Face-on Disk Galaxies. I. Sample Definition, Hα Integral Field Spectroscopy, and H I Line Widths”

Anthony-Twarog, B.J., Twarog, B.A., Mayer, L. 2007, AJ, 133, 1585, “vbyCaHβ CCD Photometry of Clusters. VIII. The Super-Metal-Rich, Old Open Cluster NGC 6791”

Austin, S.J., Robertson, J.W., Tycner, C., Campbell, T., Honeycutt, R.K. 2007, AJ, 133, 1934, “Late-Type Near-Contact Eclipsing Binary [HH97] FS Aur-79”

Beers, T.C., Sivarani, T., Marsteller, B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1193, “Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon- Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. I. A SOAR/OSIRIS Pilot Study”

Beers, T.C., Almeida, T., Rossi, S., Wilhelm, R., Marsteller, B. 2007, ApJS, 168, 277, “A Catalog of Candidate Field Horizontal-Branch and A-Type Stars. III. A 2MASS-Cleaned Version”

Beers, T.C., Flynn, C., Rossi, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 168, 128, “Broadband UBVRCIC Photometry of Horizontal-Branch and Metal-poor Candidates from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys. I.”

Benedict, G.F., McArthur, B.E., Feast, M.W., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1810, “Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheid Variable Stars: Period-Luminosity Relations”

Bertoldi, F., Carilli, C., Aravena, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 132, “COSBO: The MAMBO 1.2 Millimeter Imaging Survey of the COSMOS Field”

Bonanos, A.Z., … Macri, L.M., … Matheson, T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 313, “The First DIRECT Distance Determination to a Detached Eclipsing Binary in M33”

Bornancini, C.G., Lambas, D.G. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 179, “The Distant Red Galaxy Neighbour Population of 1 <~ z <~ 2 QSOs and Optically Obscured Sources”

Boyajian, T.S., Gies, D.R., Baines, E.K., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 857, “Radial Velocities of Six OB Stars”

Boyajian, T.S., Gies, D.R., Dunn, J.P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 1121, “The Long-Period, Massive Binaries HD 37366 and HD 54662: Potential Targets for Long-Baseline Optical Interferometry”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program

D-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 204, “Optical Line Diagnostics of z ~ 2 Optically Faint Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Spitzer Boötes Survey”

Bridge, C.R., Appleton, P.N., Conselice, C.J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 931, “The Role of Galaxy Interactions and Mergers in Star Formation at z<=1.3: Mid-Infrared Properties in the Spitzer First Look Survey”

Bridges, T.J., Rhode, K.L., Zepf, S.E., Freeman, K.C. 2007, ApJ, 658, 980, “Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters out to Large Radius in the Sombrero Galaxy”

Brodwin, M., … Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 791, “Photometric Redshifts in the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 858, “The Evolving Luminosity Function of Red Galaxies”

Bruntt, H., Stello, D., Suárez, J.C., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1371, “Multisite Campaign on the Open Cluster M67 - III. δ Scuti Pulsations in the Blue Stragglers”

Brusa, M., Zamorani, G., Comastri, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 353, “The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS Field. III. Optical Identification and Multiwavelength Properties of a Large Sample of X- Ray-Selected Sources”

Burgasser, A.J., Cruz, K.L., Kirkpatrick, J.D. 2007, ApJ, 657, 494, “Optical Spectroscopy of 2MASS Color- selected Ultracool Subdwarfs”

Caldwell, N. 2006, ApJ, 651, 822, “Color-Magnitude Diagrams of Resolved Stars in Virgo Cluster Dwarf Galaxies”

Calzetti, D., Kennicutt, R.C., Engelbracht, C.W., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 870, “The Calibration of Mid-Infrared Star Formation Rate Indicators”

Capak, P., Abraham, R.G., Ellis, R.S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 284, “The Effects of Environment on Morphological Evolution at 0

Capak, P., Aussel, H., Ajiki, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 99, “The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near-IR Data and Catalog”

Cardamone, C.N., Moran, E.C., Kay, L.E. 2007, AJ, 134, 1263, “ ‘Hidden’ Seyfert 2 Galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field North”

Cassata, P., Guzzo, L., Franceschini, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 270, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): The Morphological Content and Environmental Dependence of the Galaxy Color-Magnitude Relation at z ~ 0.7”

Cool, R.J. 2007, ApJS, 169, 21, “zBootes: z-Band Photometry in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Boötes Field”

Crowl, H.H., Kenney, J.D.P. 2006, ApJ, 649, L75, “The Stellar Population of Stripped Cluster Spiral NGC 4522: A Local Analog to K+A Galaxies?”

Cruz, K.L., Reid, I.N., Kirkpatrick, J.D., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 439, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. IX. The Luminosity Function of M7-L8 Ultracool Dwarfs in the Field”

D-16 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Daane, A.R., King, J.R., Schuler, S.C. 2007, AJ, 133, 2654, “Possible Identification of a Metal-Rich Old Moving Group: High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Candidate Members”

Dale, D.A., Gil de Paz, A., Gordon, K.D., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 863, “An Ultraviolet-to-Radio Broadband Spectral Atlas of Nearby Galaxies”

Davis, T.M., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 716, “Scrutinizing Exotic Cosmological Models Using ESSENCE Supernova Data Combined with Other Cosmological Probes”

Davoodi, P., Oliver, S., Polletta, M., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1818, “Parametric Modeling of the 3.6-8 μm Color Distributions of Galaxies in the SWIRE Survey” de la Rosa, I.G., de Carvalho, R.R.,Vazdekis A., Barbuy, B., 2007, AJ, 133, 330, “Truncated Star Formation in Compact Groups of Galaxies: A Stellar Population Study”

Dellenbusch, K.E., Gallagher, J.S., Knezek, P.M. 2007, ApJ, 655, L29, “H II Region Oxygen Abundances in Starbursting Transition Dwarf Galaxies”

De Marco, O. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 111, “Binary Central Stars”

Desroches, L.-B., Filippenko, A.V., Kaspi, S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 88, “Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395. III. Optical Variability and X-Ray/UV/Optical Correlations”

Destree, J.D., Snow, T.P., Eriksson, K. 2007, ApJ, 664, 909, “The Presence of Diffuse Interstellar Bands in the Spectra of Cool Stars” de Ugarte Postigo, A., Fatkhullin, T.A., Jóhannesson, G., et al. 2007, A&A, 462, L57, “Extensive Multiband Study of the X-ray Rich GRB 050408. A Likely Off-axis Event with an Intense Energy Injection”

Dhanda, N., Baldwin, J.A., Bentz, M.C., Osmer, P.S. 2007, ApJ, 658, 804, “Quasars with Super-Metal-rich Emission-Line Regions”

Drukier, G.A., Cohn, H.N., Lugger, P.M., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1041, “The Global Kinematics of the Globular Cluster M92”

Eggen, J.R., Reed, M.D., O'Toole, S.J., et al. 2007, Communications in Astroseismology, 150, 271, “Time- Series Spectroscopy of the Subdwarf B Star PG 1219+534”

Eisenhardt, P.R., De Propris, R., … Dickinson, M. 2007, ApJS, 169, 225, “Multiaperture UBVRIzJHK Photometry of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster”

El Bouchefry, K., Cress, C.M. 2007, Astron. Nach., 328, 577, “Identifications of FIRST Radio Sources in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey”

Farnham, T.L., Samarasinha, N.H., Mueller, B.E.A., Knight, M.M. 2007, AJ, 133, 2001, “Cyanogen Jets and the Rotation State of Comet Machholz (C/2004 Q2)”

Fekadu, N., Sandquist, E.L., Bolte, M. 2007, ApJ, 663, 277, “Photometry of the Globular Cluster NGC 5466: Red Giants and Blue Stragglers”

D-17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Fekel, F.C., Henry, G.W., Barlow, D.J., Pourbaix, D. 2006, AJ, 132, 1910, “HD 131861, A Double-Line Spectroscopic Triple System”

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P.R., Lebzelter, T. 2007, AJ, 133, 17, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. V. First Orbits for Three S-Type Systems: Henize 2-173, CL Scorpii, and AS 270”

Fekel, F.C., Tomkin, J. 2007, ASP Conf. 240, eds. W.I. Hartkopf, E.F. Guinan, and P. Harmanec (Cambridge), 59, “Spectroscopic Binary Candidates for Interferometers”

Fekel, F.C., Williamson, M., Buggs, C., Onuoha, G., Smith, B. 2006, AJ, 132, 1490, “HR 1613: A Slowly Rotating A Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary with Solar Abundances”

Fekel, F.C., Williamson, M., Pourbaix, D. 2007, AJ, 133, 2431, “The Spectroscopic and Astrometric Orbits of HR 672”

Feldmann, R., Carollo, C.M., Porciani, C., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 565, “The Zurich Extragalactic Bayesian Redshift Analyzer and its First Application: COSMOS”

Feldmeier, J.J., Jacoby, G.H., Phillips, M.M. 2007, ApJ, 657, 76, “Calibrating Type Ia Supernovae Using the Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function. I. Initial Results”

Fingerhut, R.L., Lee, H., McCall, M.L., Richer, M.G. 2007, ApJ, 655, 814, “The Extinction and Distance of Maffei 2 and a New View of the IC 342/Maffei Group”

Finkelstein, S.L., Rhoads, J.E., Malhotra, S., Pirzkal, N., Wang, J.X. 2007, ApJ, 660, 1023, “The Ages and Masses of Lyα Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Finoguenov, A., Guzzo, L., Hasinger, G., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 182, “The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the COSMOS Field: Statistical Properties of Clusters of Galaxies”

Fohlmeister, J., Kochanek, C.S., Falco, E.E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 62, “A Time Delay for the Cluster-Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112”

Frebel, A., Christlieb, N., Norris, J.E., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1585, “Bright Metal-poor Stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. I. Selection and Follow-up Observations from 329 Fields”

Gaetz, T.J., Blair, W.P., Hughes, J.P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 234, “Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy of M33SNR 21, the Brightest X-Ray Supernova Remnant in M33”

García-Díaz, M.T., Henney, W.J. 2007, AJ, 133, 952, “Velocity Structure in the Orion Nebula. I. Spectral Mapping in Low-Ionization Lines”

Gezari, S., Halpern, J.P., Eracleous, M. 2007, ApJS, 169, 167, “Long-Term Profile Variability of Double- peaked Emission Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei”

Giampapa, M.S., Hall, J.C., Radick, R.R., Baliunas, S.L. 2006, ApJ, 651, 444, “A Survey of Chromospheric Activity in the Solar-Type Stars in the Open Cluster M67”

Gies, D.R., … Aufdenberg, J.P., Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 527, “CHARA Array K'-Band Measurements of the Angular Dimensions of Be Star Disks”

D-18 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Gilbert, K.M., Guhathakurta, P., Kalirai, J.S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1188, “A New Method for Isolating M31 Red Giant Stars: The Discovery of Stars out to a Radial Distance of 165 kpc”

Glikman, E., Djorgovski, S.G., Stern, D., Bogosavljevic, M., Mahabal, A. 2007, ApJ, 663, L73, “Discovery of Two Spectroscopically Peculiar, Low-Luminosity Quasars at z~4”

Gorlova, N., Lobel, A., Burgasser, A.J., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1130, “On the CO Near-Infrared Band and the Line-splitting Phenomenon in the Yellow Hypergiant ρ Cassiopeiae”

Gramajo, L.V., Whitney, B.A., … Merrill, K.M. 2007, AJ, 133, 1911, “High Spatial Resolution Near- Infrared Images of Taurus Protostars”

Grossi, M., Disney, M.J., Pritzl, B.J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 107, “Star Formation History and Evolution of Gas-rich Dwarf Galaxies in the Centaurus A Group”

Grundstrom, E.D., Blair, J.L., Gies, D.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 431, “Joint Hα and X-Ray Observations of Massive X-Ray Binaries. I. The B Supergiant System LS I +65 010 = 2S 0114+650”

Grundstrom, E.D., Boyajian, T.S., Finch, C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, 1398, “Joint Hα and X-Ray Observations of Massive X-Ray Binaries. III. The Be X-Ray Binaries HDE 245770 = A0535+26 and X Persei”

Grundstrom, E.D., Caballero-Nieves, S.M., Gies, D.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 437, “Joint Hα and X-Ray Observations of Massive X-Ray Binaries. II. The Be X-Ray Binary and Microquasar LS I +61 303”

Grundstrom, E.D., Gies, D.R., Hillwig, T.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 505, “A Spectroscopic Study of Mass Outflows in the Interacting Binary RY Scuti”

Guzzo, L., Cassata, P., Finoguenov, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 254, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): A Large-Scale Structure at z=0.73 and the Relation of Galaxy Morphologies to Local Environment”

Hajian, A.R. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 41, “Distances to Planetary Nebulae”

Hajian, A.R., Movit, S.M., Trofimov, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 169, 289, “An Atlas of [N II] and [O III] Images and Spectra of Planetary Nebulae”

Harmanec, P., Mayer, P., Prsa, A., et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 1061, “V379 Cephei: A Quadruple System of Two Binaries”

Harrington, J.P. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 413, “Observations and a Model of NGC 2610”

Harris, H.C., Dahn, C.C., Canzian, B., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 631, “Trigonometric Parallaxes of Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae”

Harrison, T.E., Howell, S.B., Szkody, P., Cordova, F.A. 2007, AJ, 133, 162, “The Nature of the Secondary Star in the Black Hole X-Ray Transient V616 Mon (=A0620-00)”

Heald, G.H., Rand, R.J., Benjamin, R.A., Bershady, M.A. 2007, ApJ, 663, 933, “Integral Field Unit Observations of NGC 4302: Kinematics of the Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo”

D-19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Henney, W.J., O’dell, C.R., Zapata, L.A., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2192, “Large-Scale Flows from Orion South”

Henry, G.W., Fekel, F.C., Henry, S.M. 2007, AJ, 133, 1421, “Photometry and Spectroscopy of 11 γ Doradus Stars”

Hinz, J.L., Misselt, K., Rieke, M.J., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 874, “Extended Emission by Dust in the Dwarf Galaxy UGC 10445”

Horch, E.P., Franz, O.G., van Altena, W.F. 2006, AJ, 132, 2478, “Characterizing Binary Stars Below the Diffraction Limit with CCD-based Speckle Imaging”

Hrivnak, B.J., Kelly, D.M., Su, K.Y.L., Kwok, S., Sahai, R. 2006, ApJ, 650, 237, “A Study of H2 Emission in the Bipolar Proto-Planetary Nebula IRAS 17150-3224”

Hrivnak, B.J., Smith, N., Kate Y.L., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 423, “Using H2 Emission to Study the Fast Wind in Proto-Planetary Nebulae”

Huang, J.-S., Ashby, M., Barmby, P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 840, “The Local Galaxy 8 μm Luminosity Function”

Hynes, R.I., Robinson, E.L., Pearson, K.J., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 401, “Further Evidence for Variable Synchrotron Emission in XTE J1118+480 in Outburst”

Imai, K., Matsuhara, H., Oyabu, S., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2418, “J- and Ks-Band Galaxy Counts and Color Distributions in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field”

Jacobson, H.R., Friel, E.D., Pilachowski, C.A. 2007, AJ, 134, 1216, “Na, Al, and O Abundances of Open Clusters NGC 7142, NGC 6939, and IC 4756”

Jenkins, L.P., Hornschemeier, A.E., Mobasher, B., Alexander, D.M., Bauer, F.E. 2007, ApJ, 666, 846, “Uncovering the Near-IR Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Coma Cluster with Spitzer IRAC”

Johnson, C.I., Pilachowski, C.A. 2006, AJ, 132, 2346, “A Moderate Sample Size, Multielement Analysis of the Globular Cluster M12 (NGC 6218)”

Johnson, J.A., Herwig, F., Beers, T.C., Christlieb, N. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1203, “A Search for Nitrogen-enhanced Metal-poor Stars”

Kafka, S. 2007, ASP Conf. 240, eds. W.I. Hartkopf, E.F. Guinan, and P. Harmanec (Cambridge), 154, “Detecting Chromospheric Activity on the Secondary Star of Cataclysmic Variables”

Kafka, S., Honeycutt, R.K. 2006, AJ, 132, 1517, “Spectroscopy of Active and Inactive M Dwarfs in Praesepe”

Kafka, S., Howell, S.B., Honeycutt, R.K., Robertson, J.W. 2007, AJ, 133, 1645, “A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Cataclysmic Variable ST LMi During 2005-2006”

Kampczyk, P., Lilly, S.J., Carollo, C.M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 329, “Simulating the Cosmos: The Fraction of Merging Galaxies at High Redshift”

Kartaltepe, J.S., Sanders, D.B., Scoville, N.Z., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 320, “Evolution of the Frequency of Luminous (>=L*V) Close Galaxy Pairs at z < 1.2 in the COSMOS Field”

D-20 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Khosroshahi, H.G., Ponman, T.J., Jones, L.R. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 595, “Scaling Relations in Fossil Galaxy”

Kim, S.C., Lee, M.G., Geisler, D., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 706, “Wide-Field Survey of Globular Clusters in M31. I. A Catalog of New Clusters”

Kim, S.C., Lee, M.G., Park, H.S., et al. 2007, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias), 28, 104, “Spectroscopic Study of the Globular Clusters in M31”

Kim, S.C., Lee, M.G., Park, H.S., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 362, eds. Y.W. Kang, et al. (ASP), 286, “Discovery of New Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31)”

Kiminki, D.C., Kobulnicky, H.A., Kinemuchi, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 1102, “A Radial Velocity Survey of the Cyg OB2 Association”

Kinman, T.D., Cacciari, C., Bragaglia, A., Buzzoni, A., Spagna, A. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 1381, “Kinematic Structure in the Galactic Halo at the North Galactic Pole: RR Lyrae and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars Show Different Kinematics”

Knight, M.M., Walsh, K.J., … Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, Icarus, 187, 199, “Ground-based Visible and Near-IR Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 During the Deep Impact Encounter”

Koekemoer, A.M., Aussel, H., Calzetti, D., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 196, “The COSMOS Survey: Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations and Data Processing”

Kovari, Z., Bartus, J., Strassmeier, K.G., et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 1071, “Doppler Iimaging of Stellar Surface Structure. XXIII. The Ellipsoidal K Giant Binary ζ Andromedae”

Kwitter, K.B., Henry, R.B.C. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 443, “Gallery of Planetary Nebula Spectra”

Landolt, A.U., Uomoto, A.K. 2007, AJ, 133, 768, “Optical Multicolor Photometry of Spectrophotometric Standard Stars”

Leauthaud, A., Massey, R., Kneib, J.-P., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 219, “Weak Gravitational Lensing with COSMOS: Galaxy Selection and Shape Measurements”

Lee, H.-T., Chen, W.P. 2007, ApJ, 657, 884, “Triggered Star Formation by Massive Stars”

Li, J.Z., Chu, Y.-H., Gruendl, R.A., Bally, J., Su, W. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1373, “Resolving the Nature of the Rosette HH 1 Jet Facing Strong UV Dissipation”

Lilly, S.J., Le Fèvre, O., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 70, “zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS Redshift Survey Covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS Field”

Lin, Y.-T., Mohr, J.J. 2007, ApJS, 170, 71, “Radio Sources in Galaxy Clusters: Radial Distribution, and 1.4 GHz and K-band Bivariate Luminosity Function”

Lin, Y.-T., Mohr, J.J., Gonzalez, A.H., Stanford, S.A. 2006, ApJ, 650, L99, “Evolution of the K-Band Galaxy Cluster Luminosity Function and Scaling Relations”

Linsky, J.L., Gagne, M., Mytyk, A., McCaughrean, M., Andersen, M. 2007, ApJ, 654, 347, “Chandra Observations of the Eagle Nebula. I. Embedded Young Stellar Objects near the Pillars of Creation”

D-21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Liu, C.T., Hooper, E.J., O’Neil, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 249, “G515, Revisited. I. Stellar Populations and Evidence of Nuclear Activity in A Luminous ‘E+A’ Galaxy”

Londish, D., Croom, S.M., Heidt, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 556, “The 2QZ BL Lac Survey – II”

Lugger, P.M., Cohn, H.N., Heinke, C.O., Grindlay, J.E., Edmonds, P.D. 2007, ApJ, 657, 286, “Chandra X- Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099)”

Magliocchetti, M., Silva, L., Lapi, A., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 1121, “A Highly Obscured and Strongly Clustered Galaxy Population Discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope”

Margutti, R., Chincarini, G. 2007, The Multicolored Landscape of Compact Objects and their Explosive Origins, eds. L.A. Antonelli, et al. (American Institute of Physics), 135, “LGRB/SN Host Galaxies and the KISS Survey: HG031203 Case Study”

Marleau, F.R., Fadda, D., Appleton, P.N., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 218, “Spectroscopic Survey of 1.4 GHz and 24 μm Sources in the Spitzer First Look Survey with WIYN Hydra”

Massey, P., Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R. C., et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 2393, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. II. UBVRI Photometry of Stars in Seven Dwarfs and a Comparison of the Entire Sample”

Massey, R., Rhodes, J., Ellis, R., et al. 2007, Nature, 445, 286, “Dark Matter Maps Reveal Cosmic Scaffolding”

Massey, R., Rhodes, J., Leauthaud, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 239, “COSMOS: Three-dimensional Weak Lensing and the Growth of Structure”

Masters, K.L., Springob, C.M., Haynes, M.P., Giovanelli, R. 2006, ApJ, 653, 861, “SFI++ I: A New I-Band Tully-Fisher Template, the Cluster Peculiar Velocity Dispersion, and H0”

Mazzuca, L.M., Sarzi, M., Knapen, J.H., Veilleux, S., Swaters, R. 2006, ApJ, 649, L79, “Minor Merger Origin for the Circumnuclear Starburst in NGC 7742”

McCracken, H.J., Peacock, J.A., Guzzo, L., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 314, “The Angular Correlations of Galaxies in the COSMOS Field”

McGreer, I.D., Becker, R.H., Helfand, D.J., White, R.L. 2006, ApJ, 652, 157, “Discovery of a z = 6.1 Radio- Loud Quasar in the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey”

McSwain, M.V., Boyajian, T.S., Grundstrom, E.D., Gies, D.R. 2007, ApJ, 655, 473, “A Spectroscopic Study of Field and Runaway OB Stars”

Meibom, S., Mathieu, R.D., Stassun, K.G. 2006, ApJ, 653, 621, “An Observational Study of Tidal Synchronization in Solar-Type Binary Stars in the Open Clusters M35 and M34”

Meibom, S., Mathieu, R.D., Stassun, K.G. 2007, ApJ, 665, L155, “The Effect of Binarity on Stellar Rotation: Beyond the Reach of Tides”

Meyer, D.M., Lauroesch, J.T., Heiles, C., Peek, J.E.G., Engelhorn, K. 2006, ApJ, 650, L67, “A Cold Nearby Cloud inside the Local Bubble”

D-22 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Miknaitis, G., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., … Matheson, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 674, “The ESSENCE Supernova Survey: Survey Optimization, Observations, and Supernova Photometry”

Miller, B., Budaj, J., Richards, M., Koubský, P., Peters, G.J. 2007, ApJ, 656, 1075, “Revealing the Nature of Algol Disks through Optical and UV Spectroscopy, Synthetic Spectra, and Tomography of TT Hydrae”

Mobasher, B., Capak, P., … Mould, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 117, “Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in COSMOS”

Moss, C. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 167, “Enhanced Mergers of Galaxies in Low-redshift Clusters”

Movsessian, T.A., Magakian, T.Y., Bally, J., et al. 2007, A&A, 470, 605, “Herbig-Haro Jets in 3D: the HL/XZ Tauri Region”

Mukadam, A.S., Gänsicke, B.T., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 433, “Discovery of Two New Accreting Pulsating White Dwarf Stars”

Muñoz, R.R., Carlin, J.L., Frinchaboy, P.M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, L51, “Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: The Dynamics and Metallicity of the Dwarf Spheroidal in Boötes”

Muzzin, A., Yee, H.K.C., Hall, P.B., Ellingson, E., Lin, H. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1106, “Near-Infrared Properties of Moderate-Redshift Galaxy Clusters: Luminosity Functions and Density Profiles”

Muzzin, A., Yee, H.K.C., Hall, P.B., Lin, H. 2007, ApJ, 663, 150, “Near-Infrared Properties of Moderate- Redshift Galaxy Clusters. II. Halo Occupation Number, Mass-to-Light Ratios, and Ωm”

Nestor, D.B., Turnshek, D.A., Rao, S.M., Quider, A.M. 2007, ApJ, 658, 185, “The Environments of Ultrastrong Mg II Absorbers”

Noordermeer, E., van der Hulst, J.M., Sancisi, R., Swaters, R.S., van Albada, T.S. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 1513, “The Mass Distribution in Early-type Disc Galaxies: Declining Rotation Curves and Correlations with Optical Properties”

Nordhagen, S., Herbst, W., Rhode, K.L., Williams, E.C. 2006, AJ, 132, 1555, “The Variability and Rotation of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in IC 348: Does Intracluster Environment Influence Stellar Rotation?”

Ohta, K., Aoki, K., Kawaguchi, T., Kiuchi, G. 2007, ApJS, 169, 1, “A Bar Fuels a Supermassive Black Hole?: Host Galaxies of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies”

Padovani, P., Giommi, P., Landt, H., Perlman, E.S. 2007, ApJ, 662, 182, “The Deep X-Ray Radio Blazar Survey. III. Radio Number Counts, Evolutionary Properties, and Luminosity Function of Blazars”

Pandey, S.B., Castro-Tirado, A.J., McBreen, S., et al. 2006, A&A, 460, 415, “Multi-wavelength Afterglow Observations of the High Redshift GRB 050730”

Pannuti, T.G., Schlegel, E.M., Lacey, C.K. 2007, AJ, 133, 1361, “A Search for Chandra-detected X-Ray Counterparts to Optically Identified and Candidate Radio Supernova Remnants in Five Nearby Face-on Spiral Galaxies”

Piranomonte, S., Perri, M., Giommi, P., Landt, H., Padovani, P. 2007, A&A, 470, 787, “The Sedentary Survey of Extreme High-energy Peaked BL Lacs. III. Results from Optical Spectroscopy”

D-23 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Raiteri, C.M., Villata, M., Kadler, M., et al. 2006, A&A, 459, 731, “Multifrequency Variability of the Blazar AO 0235+164. The WEBT Campaign in 2004-2005 and Long-term SED Analysis”

Ravindranath, S., … Lotz, J., Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 963, “The Morphological Diversities among Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshifts in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey”

Reddy, N.A., Steidel, C.C., Erb, D.K., Shapley, A.E., Pettini, M. 2006, ApJ, 653, 1004, “A Spectroscopic Survey of Redshift 1.4<~z<~3.0 Galaxies in the GOODS-North Field: Survey Description, Catalogs, and Properties”

Reid, I.N., Cruz, K.L., Allen, P.R. 2007, AJ, 133, 2825, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. XI. Beyond the NLTT Catalog”

Rhodes, J.D., Massey, R.J., Albert, J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 203, “The Stability of the Point-Spread Function of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope and Implications for Weak Gravitational Lensing”

Rines, K., Finn, R., Vikhlinin, A. 2007, ApJ, 665, L9, “An Extremely Massive Dry Galaxy Merger in a Moderate Redshift Cluster”

Robin, A.C., Rich, R.M., Aussel, H., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 545, “The Stellar Content of the COSMOS Field as Derived from Morphological and SED-based Star/Galaxy Separation”

Robinson, S.E., Ammons, S.M., Kretke, K.A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 169, 430, “The N2K Consortium. VII. Atmospheric Parameters of 1907 Metal-rich Stars: Finding Planet-Search Targets”

Rodighiero, G., Gruppioni, C., Civano, F., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 416, “Hidden Activity in High-redshift Spheroidal Galaxies from Mid-infrared and X-ray Observations in the GOODS-North Field”

Rodighiero, G., Lari, C., Pozzi, F., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 371, 1891, “Counting Individual Galaxies from Deep 24-μm Spitzer Surveys”

Sanders, D.B., Salvato, M., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 86, “S-COSMOS: The Spitzer Legacy Survey of the Hubble Space Telescope ACS 2 deg2 COSMOS Field I: Survey Strategy and First Analysis”

Sarajedini, A., Mancone, C.L. 2007, AJ, 134, 447, “A Catalog of Star Cluster Candidates in M33”

Sargent, M.T., Carollo, C.M., Lilly, S.J., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 434, “The Evolution of the Number Density of Large Disk Galaxies in COSMOS”

Scarlata, C., Carollo, C.M., … Daddi, E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 494, “The Redshift Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in COSMOS: Do Massive Early-Type Galaxies Form by Dry Mergers?”

Scarlata, C., Carollo, C.M., Lilly, S. et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 406, “COSMOS Morphological Classification with the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types (ZEST) and the Evolution Since z = 1 of the Luminosity Function of Early, Disk, and Irregular Galaxies”

Schiavon, R.P. 2007, ApJS, 171, 146, “Population Synthesis in the Blue. IV. Accurate Model Predictions for Lick Indices and UBV Colors in Single Stellar Populations”

Schmidt, M.R., Mikolajewska, J., Zacs, L., Hinkle, K.H. 2007, Baltic Astro., 16, 14, “Chemical Composition and Spectroscopic Variability of CH CYG”

D-24 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Scoville, N., Aussel, H., Benson, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 150, “Large Structures and Galaxy Evolution in COSMOS at z < 1.1”

Scoville, N., Aussel, H., Brusa, M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 1, “The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview”

Shara, M.M., Martin, C.D., Seibert, M., et al. 2007, Nature, 446, 159, “An Ancient Nova Shell around the Dwarf Nova Z Camelopardalis”

Sharpee, B., Zhang, Y., Williams, R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1265, “s-Process Abundances in Planetary Nebulae”

Shporer, A., Hartman, J., Mazeh, T., Pietsch, W. 2007, A&A, 462, 1091, “Photometric Analysis of the Optical Counterpart of the Black Hole HMXB M 33 X-7”

Smolčić, V., Schinnerer, E., Finoguenov, A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 295, “A Wide-Angle Tail Radio Galaxy in the COSMOS Field: Evidence for Cluster Formation”

Sohn, S.T., Majewski, S.R., Muñoz, R.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 960, “Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars. X. Extended Dark Matter or Tidal Disruption?: The Case for the Leo I Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

Sonnentrucker, P., Welty, D.E., Thorburn, J.A., York, D.G. 2007, ApJS, 168, 58, “Abundances and Behavior of 12CO, 13CO, and C2 in Translucent Sight Lines”

Spekkens, K., Giovanelli, R. 2006, AJ, 132, 1426, “The Structure of Rapidly Rotating Late-Type Spiral Galaxies. I. Photometry, H I, and Optical Kinematics”

Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D., Valenti, J.A. 2007, ApJ, 664, 1154, “A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085”

Stassun, K.G., van den Berg, M., Feigelson, E., Flaccomio, E. 2006, ApJ, 649, 914, “A Simultaneous Optical and X-Ray Variability Study of the Orion Nebula Cluster. I. Incidence of Time-correlated X-Ray/Optical Variations”

Stello, D., Bruntt, H., Kjeldsen, H., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 584, “Multisite Campaign on the Open Cluster M67 - II. Evidence for Solar-like Oscillations in Red Giant Stars”

Stello, D., Arentoft, T., Bedding, T.R., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 1141, “Multisite Campaign on the Open Cluster M67 - I. Observations and Photometric Reductions”

Stern, D., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 677, “Mid-Infrared Selection of Brown Dwarfs and High-Redshift Quasars”

Sullivan, I., … Dey, A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 37, “Clustering of the IR Background Light with Spitzer: Contribution from Resolved Sources”

Treuthardt, P., Buta, R. 2007, IAU Symp. 235, eds. F. Combes and J. Palous (Cambridge), 145, “The Kinematically Measured Pattern Speeds of NGC 2523 and NGC 4245”

Treuthardt, P., Buta, R., Salo, H., Laurikainen, E. 2007, AJ, 134, 1195, “The Kinematically Measured Pattern Speeds of NGC 2523 and NGC 4245”

D-25 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Trevese, D., Vagnetti, F., Puccetti, S., et al. 2007, A&A, 469, 1211, “An X-ray Survey in SA 57 with XMM- Newton”

Tsuzuki, Y., Kawara, K., Yoshii, Y., et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 57, “Fe II Emission in 14 Low-Redshift Quasars. I. Observations”

Vaccaro, T.R., Rudkin, M., Kawka, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 661, 1112, “LP 133-373: A New Chromospherically Active Eclipsing dMe Binary with a Distant, Cool White Dwarf Companion”

Weedman, D.W., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B. T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 101, “Spitzer IRS Spectra of Optically Faint Infrared Sources with Weak Spectral Features”

White, M., Zheng, Z., Brown, M.J.I., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T. 2007, ApJ, 655, L69, “Evidence for Merging or Disruption of Red Galaxies from the Evolution of Their Clustering”

Whiting, A.B., Hau, G.K.T., Irwin, M., Verdugo, M. 2007, AJ, 133, 715, “An Observational Limit on the Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Local Group”

Wolff, S.C., Strom, S. E., Dror, D., Venn, K. 2007, AJ, 133, 1092, “Rotational Velocities for B0-B3 Stars in Seven Young Clusters: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star- Forming Regions”

Wood-Vasey, W.M., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 666, 694, “Observational Constraints on the Nature of Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey”

Zamojski, M.A., Schiminovich, D., Rich, R.M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 468, “Deep GALEX Imaging of the COSMOS HST Field: A First Look at the Morphology of z ~ 0.7 Star-forming Galaxies”

Zhang, Y., Williams, R., Pellegrini, E., et al. 2006, IAU Symp. 234, eds. M.J. Barlow and R.H. Méndez (Cambridge), 549, “Abundances of s-process Elements in Planetary Nebulae: Br, Kr & Xe”

D-26 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

W.S. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II¼

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X., Burles, S., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 61, “Quasars Probing Quasars. I. Optically Thick Absorbers near Luminous Quasars”

Johnson, J.A., Fischer, D.A., Marcy, G.W., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 785, “Retired A Stars and Their Companions: Exoplanets Orbiting Three Intermediate-Mass Subgiants”

Winn, J.N., Johnson, J.A., Peek, K.M.G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, L167, “Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Eccentric Exoplanet HD 147506b”

HET and MMT¼

Austin, S.J., Robertson, J.W., Tycner, C., Campbell, T., Honeycutt, R.K. 2007, AJ, 133, 1934, “Late-Type Near-Contact Eclipsing Binary [HH97] FS Aur-79”

Bayless, A.J., Orosz, J.A. 2006, ApJ, 651, 1155, “J05162881+2607387: A New Low-mass Double-lined Eclipsing Binary”

NOAO Science Archive

Bornancini, C.G., Lambas, D.G. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 179, “The Distant Red Galaxy Neighbour Population of 1 <~ z <~ 2 QSOs and Optically Obscured Sources”

Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 204, “Optical Line Diagnostics of z ~ 2 Optically Faint Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Spitzer Boötes Survey”

Brodwin, M., … Brand, K., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 791, “Photometric Redshifts in the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 858, “The Evolving Luminosity Function of Red Galaxies”

Cool, R.J. 2007, ApJS, 169, 21, “zBootes: z-Band Photometry in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Boötes Field”

El Bouchefry, K., Cress, C.M. 2007, Astron. Nach., 328, 577, “Identifications of FIRST Radio Sources in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey”

Finkelstein, S.L., Rhoads, J.E., Malhotra, S., Pirzkal, N., Wang, J.X. 2007, ApJ, 660, 1023, “The Ages and Masses of Lyα Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Glikman, E., Djorgovski, S.G., Stern, D., Bogosavljevic, M., Mahabal, A. 2007, ApJ, 663, L73, “Discovery of Two Spectroscopically Peculiar, Low-Luminosity Quasars at z~4”

¼ Time allocation from Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) award or Facilities Instrumentation Program (FIP).

D-27 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Huang, J.-S., Ashby, M., Barmby, P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 840, “The Local Galaxy 8 μm Luminosity Function”

McGreer, I.D., Becker, R.H., Helfand, D.J., White, R.L. 2006, ApJ, 652, 157, “Discovery of a z = 6.1 Radio- Loud Quasar in the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey”

Stern, D., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 663, 677, “Mid-Infrared Selection of Brown Dwarfs and High-Redshift Quasars”

Sullivan, I., … Dey, A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 37, “Clustering of the IR Background Light with Spitzer: Contribution from Resolved Sources”

Weedman, D.W., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 101, “Spitzer IRS Spectra of Optically Faint Infrared Sources with Weak Spectral Features”

White, M., Zheng, Z., Brown, M.J.I., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T. 2007, ApJ, 655, L69, “Evidence for Merging or Disruption of Red Galaxies from the Evolution of Their Clustering”

D-28

APPENDIX E OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Annual Summary Data U.S. Observing Programs Semesters 2007 A/B

Number of U.S. observing programs scheduled on NOAO telescopes 365 (includes programs under TSIP/FIP on private telescopes)†

Number of U.S. investigators (PIs + Co-Is) associated with approved 1058 observing programs (excl. NOAO scientific staff)

Number of Ph.D. thesis observers 97

Number of non-thesis graduate students 94

Number of discrete institutions represented 155

Number U.S. states represented (including District of Columbia) 40

States of Origin of U.S. Investigators of Approved Observing Programs Semesters 2007A/B (Excludes NOAO Scientific Staff)

9

9 3 1 4 19 35 86 27 22 3 19 1 1 (RI) 25 16 17 17 (NJ) 27 2 (DE) 165 2 5 15 6 70 (MD) 6 25 (D.C.) 5 1 70 24 3 16 1 5 36 3

38 Number of Investigators by State 22 to 165 (13) 18 15 to 22 (8) 6 to 15 (4) 4 to 6 (4) 1 to 4 (11)

† Top 10 institutions represented among 365 observing progrrams: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; University of Arizona; University of Florida; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Texas, Austin; University of California, Berkeley; Yale University; University of Maryland and University of Wisconsin, Madison (tied); California Institute of Technology and University of California, Santa Cruz (tied)

E-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

NOAO GEMINI SCIENCE CENTER

ƒ Gemini North and Gemini South. The U.S. community has access to approximately 50% of the science time on each of the 8-m Gemini telescopes.

ƒ The Semester 2007A table includes telescope and time changes required by Gemini as a result of instrument problems. The changes were made following initial publication of the schedule in the Quarter (2) FY 2007 report to NSF.

ƒ Gemini Observatory issued a “Special Call for Proposals” for Gemini South to fill time available (190 hours for U.S. community) due to the loss of GNIRS for semester 2007B. Because these proposals were submitted directly to Gemini rather than via NOAO, their demographics are not included in the previous table and map. Those proposals awarded U.S. time are included in the Semester 2007B table.

Semester 2007A

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

M. Agüeros (Columbia U.), N. Silvestri (U. of Washington), S. Kleinman (Subaru Telescope), J. GEM-SQ 1.73 Liebert (Steward Observatory), S. Anderson (U. of Washington), F. Camilo (Columbia U.), D. Eisenstein (Steward Observatory): “Finding the Friends: High-Resolution Spectroscopy of New SDSS Low-Mass White Dwarfs”

E. Barton (UC Irvine), J. Smith (Steward Observatory), J. Jensen (Gemini Observatory), C. GEM-NQ 3.3 Papovich, R. Dave (Steward Observatory): “Searching for Star Formation at z=8.2”

E. Berger, US Lead Scientist for R. Rutledge (McGill University), E. Berger (Carnegie GEM-NQ 0.83 Observatories), G. Basri (UC Berkeley), T. Fleming (Steward Observatory), M. Giampapa (National Solar Observatory), J. Gizis (U. of Delaware), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), J. Liebert (Steward Observatory), E. Martin (University of Central Florida): “The Full Picture of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs: Simultaneous Observations of Coronae and Chromospheres”

J. Blakeslee, US Lead Scientist for L. Ferrarese, P. Cote, E. Peng (Herzberg Institute of GEM-NQ 1.35 Astrophysics), M. West (Gemini Observatory), A. King, D. McLaughlin (University of Leicester), L. Glass (University of Victoria), C. Onken (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), J. Blakeslee (Washington State U.), A. Jordan (ESO): “Nuclear Feedback on Galaxy Evolution: Masses, Ages, and Star Formation Histories of Nuclear Star Clusters in Nine Virgo Early-Type Galaxies”

J. Blakeslee, US Lead Scientist for E. Peng (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), J. Blakeslee GEM-NQ 0.9 (Washington State U.), D. McLaughlin (University of Leicester), M. Takamiya (U. of Hawaii), M. West (Gemini Observatory), T. Puzia (STScI), P. Cote (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), A. Jordan (ESO), R. Chandar (Carnegie Institution of Washington), L. Ferrarese (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), P. Goudfrooij (STScI), M. Kissler-Patig (ESO), S. Mei (Johns Hopkins U.), G. Trancho (Gemini Observatory): “The Dark Matter Content of Early-Type Galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey”

+ Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other; ¡ = Special Call program

E-2 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

R. Blum (NOAO), P. McGregor (Australian National U.), C. Barbosa (IAGUSP), P. Conti (U. of GEM-NQ * Colorado), A. Damineli (Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica), E. Figueredo (Open U.), P. Crowther (U of Sheffield): “Galactic Massive Star Formation: The Case for NIFS and W43”

R. Blum (NOAO), A. Damineli (IAGUSP), P. Conti (U. of Colorado), A. Moises (G) (IAGUSP), GEM-SQ 2.6 E. Figueredo (Open U.): “The Incredible Shrinking Milky Way”

K. Brand (STScI), M. Brown (Princeton U.), V. Desai (California Institute of Technology), A. GEM-NQ 1.9 Dey (NOAO), E. Le Floc’H (U. of Hawaii), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), C. Papovich (Steward Observatory), T. Soifer (SSC), D. Weedman (Cornell U.): “NIRI spectroscopy of 2.1

S. Brittain (Clemson U.), J. Najita (NOAO), B. Donehew (G) (Clemson U.): “Measuring Warm GEM-S 2 Gas in Transitional Disks around Herbig Ae/Be Stars”

M. Brown (California Institute of Technology), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), D. Ragazzine GEM-NQ 0.6 (California Institute of Technology): “The formation and evolution of a collisional system in the Kuiper belt”

R. Chandar (Carnegie Institution of Washington), T. Puzia, P. Goudfrooij, B. Whitmore (STScI), GEM-NQ 2.7 B. Miller (Gemini Observatory): “Lamp Posts in the Dark: Globular Clusters as Tracers of the Halo in M101”

H. Chen (U. of Chicago), J. Bloom (UC Berkeley), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), K. GEM-SQ 0.7 Glazebrook (Swinburne U.), S. Lopez (Universidad de Chile), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), P. Hall (York University), A. Bunker (University of Exeter), C. Bailyn, B. Cobb (Yale U.), E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UC Santa Cruz), D. York (U. of Chicago): “Rapid Spectroscopy and Imaging Follow-up of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows on the Gemini Telescopes”

D. Christlein (Yale & Universidad de Chile), D. Zaritsky (Steward Observatory): “Science with GEM-NQ 1 Rotating Slits: Star Formation in the Extreme Outskirts of Galaxies”

G. Clayton (Louisiana State U.), M. Barlow (University College London), B. Sugerman, M. GEM-SQ 1.05 Meixner (STScI), D. Welch (McMaster U.): “What Fraction of Type II Supernovae Produce Dust and Why?”

H. Crowl, J. Kenney (Yale U.): “Stellar Populations of Stripped Spiral Galaxies in the Virgo GEM-NQ * Cluster”

K. Cunha, V. Smith (NOAO), G. Doppmann (Gemini Observatory): “Chemical Enrichment GEM-SQ 3.3 History of the Bulge: Using IR-Spectroscopy to Probe an Obscured Inner-Bulge Field”

P. Green (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Silverman (Max-Planck Institute fur GEM-NQ 3 extraterrestrische Physik), W. Barkhouse (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), D. Kim (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Smith (CTIO), B. Wilkes, H. Tananbaum (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Growth and Feeding of X-ray- selected Supermassive Black Holes”

D. Haarsma (Calvin College), M. Donahue (Michigan State U.), M. Dickinson (NOAO), M. GEM-NQ 1.48 Postman (STScI), P. Rosati (ESO), J. Stocke (U. of Colorado), G. Voit (Michigan State U.): “Redshifts of distant X-ray galaxy clusters”

L. Haberzettl, J. Lauroesch, G. Williger (U. of Louisville), K. Roth (Gemini Observatory), R. GEM-S * Dettmar, D. Bomans (Ruhr Universitat, Bochum): “Spectroscopy of an Extreme Low Surface Brightness Galaxy in the HDF-S”

T. Harrison (New Mexico State U.), S. Howell (NOAO), P. Szkody (U. of Washington), J. GEM-SQ * Wellhouse (G), J. Bornak (G) (New Mexico State U.): “An Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of Intermediate Polars”

E-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

C. Heinke (Northwestern U.), P. Jonker (Science Research Organization of the Netherlands), R. GEM-SQ 0.35 Wijnands (University of Amsterdam), R. Taam, C. Deloye (Northwestern U.): “Simultaneous X- ray and Optical Study of an Accreting Millisecond Pulsar in Quiescence”

L. Helton (G), C. Woodward (U. of Minnesota), N. Evans (Keele University), T. Geballe GEM-NQ 0.78 (Gemini Observatory), S. Team (O) (Spitzer Nova Team): “Synoptic Mid-IR Spectra ToO Novae”

J. Hennawi (UC Berkeley), X. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz): “Quasars Probing Quasars: Shedding GEM-NQ 2 Light on the Environments, Emission Geometry, and Lifetimes of Quasars” GEM-SQ 2

S. Howell, US Lead Scientist for I. Soechting (University of Oxford), R. Clowes (University of GEM-SQ * Central Lancashire), M. Huber (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), S. Howell (NOAO): “GMOS Spectroscopy of Superclusters at z=0.8 - investigating the structure assembly process”

E. Jensen, D. Cohen (Swarthmore College), M. Gagne (West Chester): “Imaging an Extended GEM-SQ 0.8 Gaseous Disk around a Weak-Lined T Tauri Star”

R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. McCray (U. of Colorado), P. GEM-SQ 0.2 Challis (O) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), K. Heng (U. of Colorado), N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “The Reverse Shock in SN 1987A”

J. Lotz, US Lead Scientist for W. Harris (McMaster U.), J. Lotz (NOAO), B. Miller (Gemini GEM-SQ 0.6 Observatory), H. Kennedy (McMaster U.): “Ages and Metallicities of the Nuclei of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies”

K. Luhman (Pennsylvania State U.): “Spectroscopy of Candidate Substellar Companions” GEM-SQ 0.1

L. Macri (NOAO), K. Stanek (Ohio State U.): “An accurate calibration of the Cepheid Distance GEM-NQ 1.5 Scale with the Maser Galaxy NGC4258”

F. Marchis (UC Berkeley), J. Spencer, K. Jessup (Southwest Research Institute), A. Davies, R. GEM-NQ 0.5 Lopes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “Imaging Io’s Volcanic Activity in Support of the New Horizons Flyby”

T. Matheson (NOAO), L. Dessart (Steward Observatory), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian GEM-NQ 1.2 Center for Astrophysics), B. Leibundgut (ESO), D. Hillier (U. of Pittsburgh), R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Schmidt (Australian National U.): “Constraining the Hubble Constant with a Type II Supernova”

J. Monnier (U. of Michigan), P. Tuthill (U. of Sydney): “Mid-IR sizes of YSO disks: Precision GEM-SQ 2 calibration using interferometry”

D. Nesvorny (O) (Southwest Research Institute), R. Binzel (MIT), C. Chapman (Southwest GEM-S 1.5 Research Institute), A. Ramirez (Universidad de La Serena), D. Lazzaro (Observatorio Nacional, Brazil), P. Vernazza (Observatoire de Paris): “Spectroscopic survey of km-sized main-belt asteroids”

G. Orton, P. Yanamandra-Fisher, K. Baines (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), L. Fletcher (G) GEM-SQ 0.8 (University of Oxford), A. Simon-Miller, G. Bjoraker (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), R. Gladstone (Southwest Research Institute): “New Horizons Mission Support: Joint Study of Jupiter’s Anticyclonic Vortices and Aurorae”

E. O’Sullivan, US Lead Scientist for A. Romanowsky, T. Richtler, D. Geisler (Universidad de GEM-SQ 0.15 Concepcion), F. Faifer, J. Forte (U. Nacional de la Plata), E. O’Sullivan (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Ponman (University of Birmingham), Y. Schuberth (Universitat Bonn), A. Jordan (ESO): “Dark matter lost or found? - the definitive dynamical portrait of an ordinary elliptical galaxy”

E-4 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

C. Papovich (Steward Observatory), J. Huang (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), GEM-Su 0.5 C. Conselice (University of Nottingham), E. Le Floc’h (Steward Observatory), M. Maia (Observatorio Nacional), T. Webb (McGill University), D. Koo, E. Laird (UC Santa Cruz), J. Lotz (NOAO), D. Marcillac (Steward Observatory), K. Nandra (Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine), B. Weiner, C. Willmer (Steward Observatory): “Nebular Line Emission in z~1 Spitzer/MIPS-Selected Galaxies”

E. Perlman (Florida Institute of Technology), M. Birkinshaw (University of Bristol), J. Radomski GEM-NQ 0.55 (Gemini Observatory), M. Georganopoulos (University of Maryland in Baltimore County), D. GEM-SQ 0.18 Worrall (University of Bristol), J. Schaefer, C. Packham (U. of Florida): “High Resolution Mid- IR Imaging of Radio Galaxies”

S. Perlmutter, US Lead Scientist for I. Hook (University of Oxford), R. Carlberg, D. Howell GEM-NQ 1 (University of Toronto), D. Neill (California Institute of Technology), K. Perrett (University of Toronto), C. Pritchet (University of Victoria), M. Sullivan (University of Toronto), R. McMahon (IoA, Cambridge), J. Bronder (University of Oxford), G. Aldering (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S. Perlmutter (UC Berkeley), R. Pain (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Conley (University of Toronto): “The Nature of Dark Energy from Type Ia Supernovae”

M. Perrin, J. Graham (UC Berkeley): “Measuring Physical Conditions and Mass Flux in the GEM-NQ 0.15 Bipolar Jet of LkHa 233 with GMOS and OSIRIS”

J. Prochaska (University of California Observatories), J. Hennawi (UC Berkeley), J. Kollmeier GEM-NQ 0.63 (Carnegie Observatories), Z. Zheng (Institute for Advanced Study): “Illuminating QAL Systems with Their Background Quasars”

K. Retherford, G. Gladstone (G), J. Waite (G) (Southwest Research Institute), T. Stallard, S. GEM-S 1 + Miller (University College London): “Phoenix Imaging of Jupiter and Saturn H2 and H3 Auroral Winds during New Horizons Jupiter Encounter and HST International Heliophysical Year Campaigns”

G. Richards (Drexel U.), D. Chelouche (Institute for Advanced Study), P. Hall (York GEM-NQ 1.22 University), J. Hennawi (UC Berkeley), N. Inada (University of Tokyo), C. Keeton (Rutgers U.), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.), M. Oguri (Princeton U.), D. Schneider (Pennsylvania State U.), S. Wyithe (U. of Melbourne), A. Yonehara (University of Tokyo): “Spectroscopic Monitoring of SDSS J1004+4112”

S.E. Ridgway (CTIO), M. Lacy (SSC): “Natural Guide Star AO Imaging of Radio-quiet Quasar GEM-NQ 1 Hosts at High Redshifts”

A. Robinson, D. Axon (Rochester Institute of Technology), T. Bergmann (UFRGS), K. Fathi GEM-NQ 0.2 (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias): “The nuclear spiral in Arp102B: accretion flow or jet-cloud interaction?”

H. Roe (Lowell Observatory), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), M. Brown, E. Schaller (G), A. GEM-NQ 2 Bouchez (California Institute of Technology): “Titan’s methane clouds: The hunt for regions of active surface geology”

B. Rothberg (STScI): “Dynamics of Merger Remnants in the Infrared” GEM-SQ 1.6

D. Rupke, S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “The Structure and Power Source of Superwinds in GEM-NQ 1 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies”

A. Seth (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Bastian (University College GEM-NQ 1 London), R. Blum (NOAO), N. Caldwell (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), V. Debattista (U. of Washington), T. Puzia (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “The Formation History of NGC 4244’s Nuclear Star Cluster”

E-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

N. Seymour (SSC), M. Brookes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), I. McHardy, T. Dwelly (University GEM-NQ 2.16 of Southampton): “Disentangling the evolution of starburst and AGN populations in deep radio surveys”

M. Shara, US Lead Scientist for L. Drissen (Laval U.), M. Shara, D. Zurek (American Museum GEM-SQ * of Natural History), A. Moffat, N. St-Louis (University of Montreal), C. Robert (Laval U.), R. Doyon (University of Montreal): “Infrared Spectroscopy of southern Galactic Wolf-Rayet candidates”

A. Siemiginowska (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Bechtold (Steward GEM-NQ 1.65 Observatory), T. Aldcroft (SAO), D. Burke (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “The cluster around the z=1 quasar 3C 186”

N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “IR Variability of Eta Carinae” GEM-SQ 0.9

V. Smith, K. Cunha, K. Hinkle (NOAO): “Characterizing Chemical Evolution in the Small GEM-S 2 Magellanic Cloud”

A. Speck, A. Corman (U. of Missouri, Columbia), K. Volk (Gemini Observatory), G. Sloan GEM-NQ 0.4 (Cornell U.), M. Barlow (University College London): “The Dust Shell Structure and SiC Feature Around Nearby Carbon Stars”

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “Visible-light light curves of GEM-NQ 1 the first brown-dwarf eclipsing binary” GEM-SQ 1

D. Steeghs, US Lead Scientist for T. Marsh (University of Warwick), D. Steeghs (Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), G. Roelofs (G), P. Groot, G. Nelemans (Radboud GEM-NQ 0.7 University Nijmegen), G. Ramsay (Mullard Space Science Lab), S. Barros (G) (University of Warwick): “Orbital periods of AM CVn stars”

D. Stern (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.), M. Brodwin (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), M. Brown (Princeton U.), R. Cool (G) (Steward Observatory), A. Dey (NOAO), P. GEM-N 4 Eisenhardt (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), V. Gorjian (California Institute of Technology), B. Jannuzi (NOAO): “A Complete Sample of Mid-IR Selected AGN”

K. Su (Steward Observatory), Y. Chu (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), K. Volk (Gemini GEM-NQ 0.3 Observatory): “Resolving the Dust Disk Around the Central Star of the Helix Nebula”

C. Telesco, M. Moerchen (U. of Florida): “The Mid-IR Structure of Two Debris Disks” GEM-SQ 0.35

M. Torres, D. Steeghs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Gaensicke (O), T. Marsh (University of Warwick), P. Rodriguez-Gil (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), L. GEM-NQ 0.4 Schmidtobreick (ESO), K. Long (STScI), M. Schreiber (Valparaiso U.): “Unravelling the role of the SW Sextantis stars in the evolution of cataclysmic variables”

D. Turnshek, US Lead Scientist for D. Nestor (University of Cambridge), D. Turnshek, S. Rao (U. of Pittsburgh), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), B. Menard (CITA): “The Nature of GEM-NQ 0.7 Ultra-strong MgII Absorber Galaxies”

A. Weinberger (Carnegie Institution of Washington), R. Fisher (Gemini Observatory), A. Roberge (NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies): “Mid-Infrared Polarimetry of the Disk of GEM-NQ 1 (beta) Pictoris”

B. Wilkes (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Smith (CTIO), P. Green (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Mossman (G) (SAO), M. Kim (O), D. Kim (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), W. Barkhouse (U. of GEM-SQ 0.3 Illinois Urbana-Champaign), J. Silverman (Max-Planck Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik), D. Norman (NOAO): “The Nature of Optically-Faint, X-Ray Selected AGN - Spectroscopy.”

E-6 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

+ Gemini Telescopes—2007A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

J. Wisniewski (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), K. Bjorkman (U. of Toledo), M. Clampin (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “V838 Monocerotis: A Nova-like Ejection, Stellar GEM-NQ 0.98 Merger, or Star Which Ate Several Giant Planets?”

M. Wong, I. de Pater, P. Marcus (UC Berkeley), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), G. Orton, K. Baines (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Simon-Miller (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), N. GEM-NQ 0.4 Chanover (New Mexico State U.): “Jupiter’s Red Spots during the New Horizons Flyby”

U.S. Thesis Programs+

J. Brown (T), G. Blake (California Institute of Technology), A. Boogert (CTIO), K. Pontoppidan GEM-SQ 1.2 (California Institute of Technology), B. Merin, V. Geers (G), E. van Dishoeck (Leiden Observatory): “Mid-IR imaging of proto-planetary disks with inner gaps”

C. Espaillat (T), N. Calvet, E. Bergin, L. Hartmann (U. of Michigan Dearborn), K. Hinkle GEM-S 3 (NOAO): “Probing the Planet-Forming Region of T Tauri Stars in Chamaeleon”

X. Fan, L. Jiang (G) (Steward Observatory), C. Carilli, R. Wang (T) (NRAO), F. Walter (Max GEM-NQ 1.4 Planck Institut fur Astronomie), P. Cox (Instituto di Radioastronomia), M. Vestergaard (Steward Observatory): “Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Submillimeter-Luminous Quasars at z~6”

C. Fassnacht, M. Auger (T) (UC Davis): “Lens Redshifts of CLASS Gravitational Lenses” GEM-NQ 2.06

M. Fitzgerald (T), J. Graham, P. Kalas (UC Berkeley): “The HD 32297 Debris Disk: Dust GEM-NQ 0.5 Composition & Structural Asymmetry”

F. Hamann, L. Simon (T), P. Hidalgo (T) (U. of Florida), D. Nestor (University of Cambridge): GEM-K 1.5 “Quasar Metallicities and Host Galaxy Evolution”

M. Moerchen (T), C. Telesco (U. of Florida): “Seeking Silicate Emission in a Newly Resolved GEM-NQ 0.28 Extended Debris Disk”

F. Mullally (T) (U. of Texas, Austin), A. Burrows (Steward Observatory), T. von Hippel (U. of GEM-NQ 0.1 Texas, Austin): “Confirmation of a white dwarf + brown dwarf binary”

A. Soderberg (T) (California Institute of Technology): “The Relation of Type Ib and Ic GEM-NQ 0.5 Supernovae Revealed with NIR Spectroscopy” GEM-SQ 0.38

P. van Dokkum (Yale U.), M. Kriek (T) (Leiden Observatory), R. Quadri (G) (Yale U.), M. GEM-S 4 Franx (Leiden Observatory), G. Illingworth (UC Santa Cruz): “Dead or alive? The efficiency of suppressing star formation in massive galaxies at high redshift”

G. Wilson, US Lead Scientist for A. Muzzin (T) (University of Toronto), G. Wilson (SSC), H. GEM-NQ 1.44 Yee (University of Toronto), M. Lacy (SSC), D. Gilbank (University of Toronto), J. Surace (SSC), H. Hoekstra (University of Victoria), S. Majumdar (CITA), C. Lonsdale (IPAC), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago): “GMOS Spectroscopy of Two Extremely Rich IR-selected Galaxy Clusters at Redshift 1.4–1.5”

C. Woodward, L. Helton (T) (U. of Minnesota), S. Team (SSC): “Synoptic GNIRS XD Spectra GEM-SQ 1.2 ToO Novae”

+Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other; ¡ = Special Call program

E-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Semester 2007B

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, A. Nitta, K. Labrie (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-SQ * (Michigan State U.), C. Allende Prieto, L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (AIU), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the variable sky with one-shot typing of neglected variables”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, A. Nitta, K. Labrie (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-NQ * (Michigan State U.), C. Allende Prieto, L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (AIU), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the variable sky with one-shot typing of neglected variables”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for J. Norris (Australian National U.), T. Beers (Michigan State U.), GEM-K 1 C. Allende Prieto (U. of Texas, Austin), M. Asplund, M. Bessell (Australian National U.), N. Christlieb (Uppsala University), A. Frebel (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Johnson (Ohio State U.), J. Melendez (Australian National U.), C. Sneden (U. of Texas, Austin), D. Yong (Australian National U.): “A dedicated northern search for the first stars”

D. Besier (Liverpool Johns Moores University): “The Supernovae of Gamma-Ray Bursts: GEM-SQ 1.46 Exploring the diversity of stellar explosions”

R. Blum, US Lead Scientist for K. Volk (Gemini Observatory), M. Meixner (STScI), R. Blum GEM-SQ 0.62 (NOAO), F. Markwick-Kemper (University of Manchester): “Gound-base Follow-up of the Spitzer LMC survey (SAGE)”

A. Bonanos (Carnegie Institution of Washington), R. Kudritzki (U. of Hawaii), L. Macri GEM-NQ 3.3 (NOAO), K. Stanek (Ohio State U.): “The DIRECT Distance to M33”

A. Burgasser (MIT), D. Looper (U. of Hawaii/IfA), J. D. Kirkpatrick (Caltech IPAC), “Optical GEM-SQ 0.38¡ Spectroscopy of a Newly Discovered L-type Halo Subdwarf”

J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory), C. Knez (U. of Maryland), J. Najita (NOAO), J. Lacy (U. GEM-N 2 of Texas, Austin), M. Richter (UC Davis): “Water in Protoplanetary Disks”

H. Chen (U. of Chicago), J. Bloom (UC Berkeley), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), K. GEM-SQ 0.75 Glazebrook (Swinburne U.), S. Lopez (Universidad de Chile), D. Perley, R. Foley (UC Berkeley), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), P. Hall (York University), A. Bunker (University of Exeter), C. Bailyn, B. Cobb (Yale U.), E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UC Santa Cruz), D. York (U. of Chicago), D. Kocevski, N. Butler (UC Berkeley): “Rapid Spectroscopy and Imaging Follow-up of gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows on the Gemini Telescopes”

+Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other; ¡ = Special Call program

E-8 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), G. Jacoby (WIYN), J. Feldmeier (Youngstown State GEM-NQ 3.15 University), K. Herrmann (G) (Pennsylvania State U.): “Exploring the Chemical History of Early Stellar Populations”

G. Clayton (Louisiana State U.), M. Barlow (University College London), B. Sugerman GEM-SQ 1.34 (Goucher College), M. Meixner (STScI), D. Welch (McMaster U.): “What Fraction of Type II Supernovae Produce Dust and Why?”

D. Clowe (Ohio U.), M. Markevitch, V. Alexey (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), GEM-Su N/A B. Marusa (Stanford U.), “Lensing/X-ray mass discrepency for relaxed galaxy clusters”

K. Cruz (American Museum of Natural History), L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), E. Mamejek, S. GEM-SQ 4.3¡ Mohanty (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Faherty (American Museum of Natural History), J. D. Kirkpatrick (Caltech IPAC), A. Burgasser (MIT), “Confirming Cluster Membership for Nearby Young Brown Dwarfs”

D. de Mello (Catholic U. of America), C. Oliveira, S. Torres Flores (IAGUSP): “Probing the GEM-NQ 0.51 intragroup medium of HCG100, an evolved compact group of galaxies”

J. Eisner, J. Bloom (UC Berkeley): “Astrometric Microlensing of Nearby Stars with Gemini GEM-NQ 2.25 LGS-AO”

R. Fesen, G. Rudie (U) (Dartmouth College): “Detecting the Optical Counterpart to the 66 ms GEM-NQ 0.35 Pulsar in the Young Supernova Remnant 3C 58”

A. Fruchter (STScI), A. Levan (University of Warwick), D. Reichart, A. Lacluyze (U. of North GEM-SQ 0.8 Carolina), J. Graham (STScI), D. Bersier (Liverpool Johns Moores University), R. Priddey (University of Hertfordshire), P. O’Brien, E. Rol (University of Leicester), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), N. Tanvir (University of Leicester), M. Nysewander (STScI): “The Elusive Origin of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts”

E. Furlan, A. Ghez (UC Los Angeles), C.-E. McCabe (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. Muzerolle GEM-SQ 1.22¡ (Steward Observatory), “Disentangling Transition Disks and Close Companions in the Mid- Infrared”

D. Garnett (University of Arizona), V. Smith (NOAO), J. Holtzman (New Mexico State U.), A. GEM-NQ 1.5 Sarajedini (U. of Florida), C. Chiappini (Observatoire de Geneve), A. Klypin (New Mexico State U.): “Stellar Metallicity Distributions and Kinematics in the Disk of M33”

K. Gebhardt, US Lead Scientist for R. Sharples (University of Durham), M. Beasley (Instituto de GEM-SQ 0.5 Astrofisica de Canarias), T. Bridges (Queen’s University), F. Faifer (U. Nacional de la Plata), D. Forbes (Swinburne U.), J. Forte (U. Nacional de la Plata), K. Gebhardt (U. of Texas, Austin), D. Hanes (Queen’s University), M. Norris (University of Durham), S. Zepf (Michigan State U.): “Globular Clusters as Probes of Galaxy Formation”

A. Gilbert (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), W. Vacca (Universities Space Research GEM-SQ 4.45 Association): “Dust-Enshrouded Super Star Clusters in IC 4662”

T. Greathouse (Lunar and Planetary Institute), M. Richter (UC Davis), H. Hammel (Space GEM-N 1.5 Science Institute), S. Strong (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Moses (Lunar and Planetary Institute), G. Orton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. Encrenaz (Observatoire de Paris), C. Leyrat (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “Neptune’s Stratosphere: The Thermal Structure and Chemical Composition”

H. Hammel (Space Science Institute), G. Orton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. Geballe (Gemini GEM-NQ 0.4 Observatory), T. Encrenaz (Observatoire de Paris), C. Leyrat (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “Uranus at Equinox: Spatial Mapping of Stratospheric Temperature and Composition”

E-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

S. Hodgkin (U. of Cambridge), S. Aigrain (U. of Exeter), L. Hebb (U. of St. Andrews), A. Miller, GEM-S 1.5¡ J. Irwin (U. of Cambridge), E. Moraux (Observatoire de Grenoble), K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), “Radial Velocity Curves of Low-Mass Eclipsing Binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster”

M. Kassis (Keck), R. Shuping (Universities Space Research Association), M. Morris (UCLA), GEM-NQ 1.7 N. Smith (UC Berkeley), J. Bally (U. of Colorado): “Early evolution of photoevaporating protoplanetary disks: mid-infrared spectra of the Orion Nebula proplyds”

V. Kulkarni (U. of South Carolina), M. Takamiya (U. of Hawaii/Hilo), M. Chun (U. of GEM-SQ 0.9¡ Hawaii/IfA), S. Gharanfoli (U. of South Carolina), “Emission-line Metallicities and Star Formation Rates of Candidate Damped Lyman-alpha Galaxies”

J. Lacy, N. Evans, D. Jaffe (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Doty (Denison U.), C. Knez (U. of GEM-N 1.5 Maryland), M. Richter (UC Davis), T. Greathouse (Lunar and Planetary Institute): “A Comparative Astrochemical Study of NGC 7538 IRS 1 and 9”

D. L. Lambert (U. of Texas, Austin), K. Hinkle (NOAO), N. K. Rao (Indian Institute of GEM-SQ 0.6¡ Astrophysics), D. A. Garcia-Hernandez (U. of Texas, Austin), “Dust formation in the hydrogen deficient stellar environment of the WC star WR19”

S. Leggett, US Lead Scientist for S. Leggett (Gemini Observatory), T. Roellig (NASA Ames GEM-SQ 0.36 Research Center), M. Crane (IPAC), M. Cushing (University of Arizona), J. Kirkpatrick (IPAC), A. Mainzer (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), M. Marley (NASA Ames Research Center), D. Saumon (LANL), G. Sloan (Cornell U.), J. Van Cleve (Ball Aerospace), J. Wilson (U. of Virginia): “3 - 4 micron Spectroscopy of the Early-T Dwarf HN PegB”

H. Lin, S. Allam, D. Tucker, T. Diehl, J. Kubo, J. Annis (FNAL): “Near-IR Spectroscopy of 3 GEM-NQ 1.1 Bright Strongly-Lensed High-Redshift Galaxies from the SDSS”

H. Lin, E. Buckley-Geer, S. Allam, D. Tucker, J. Annis (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), GEM-SQ 0.31¡ “GMOS Observations of a Bright Strong Lensing Arc System from the Blanco Cosmology Survey”

J. Liu (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Bregman (U. of Michigan): “An GEM-NQ 0.4 exploratory spectroscopic study for an ultraluminous X-ray source in Holmberg II”

J. Lowenthal (Smith College), J. Higdon (Cornell U.), S. Higdon (Georgia Southern U.): GEM-NQ 3.3 “Dynamics of a galaxy proto-cluster at z=2.3”

J. Lowenthal, US Lead Scientist for D. Hughes (INAOE), J. Lowenthal (Smith College), G. GEM-NQ 1.6 Wilson, M. Yun (U. Mass), G. Fazio, J. Huang (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), I. Aretxaga, A. Porras (INAOE), I. Smail (University of Durham), R. Ivison (Royal Observatory, Edinburgh), J. Stevens (University of Hertfordshire), J. Dunlop (University of Edinburgh): “Tracing accelerated galaxy formation in a proto-cluster at z=3.8 with GMOS”

C. Marois, B. Macintosh (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), R. Doyon, D. Lafreniere GEM-NQ 1.8 (University of Montreal), B. Zuckerman (UCLA), I. Song (Gemini Observatory), T. Barman (Lowell Observatory): “Direct Exoplanet Search Around Dusty Early-Type Stars.”

R. Mason, US Lead Scientist for R. Mason (Gemini Observatory), B. Ercolano (Harvard- GEM-NQ 0.4 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Fisher (Gemini Observatory), T. Jones (U. of Minnesota), C. Packham, C. Telesco (U. of Florida), M. Wyatt (University of Cambridge): “The dust, disk and magnetic field around a high-mass star in M17”

R. Mason (Gemini Observatory), A. A. Herrero, L. Colina (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones GEM-SQ 0.45¡ Cientificas), M. Elitzur, N. Levenson (U. of Kentucky), C. Packham (U. of Florida), J. Radomski (Gemini Observatory), P. Roche (University of Oxford), “The mid-IR emission of low- luminosity AGN, and the origin of the torus”

E-10 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

T. Matheson (NOAO), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Suntzeff GEM-SQ 4 (Texas A&M U.), R. Smith (CTIO), C. Stubbs, R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Filippenko (UC Berkeley), P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), A. Riess (STScI), J. Tonry (U. of Hawaii), K. Krisciunas (Texas A&M U.), A. Clocchiatti (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), B. Leibundgut, J. Spyromilio (ESO), W. Li (UC Berkeley), G. Miknaitis (FNAL), S. Jha (SLAC), J. Sollerman (University of Copenhagen), P. Challis (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Becker (U. of Washington), A. Rest (CTIO): “The ESSENCE Project: Measuring the Equation of State of Dark Energy”

T. Matheson (NOAO), L. Dessart (University of Arizona), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian GEM-NQ 1.2 Center for Astrophysics), B. Leibundgut (ESO), D. Hillier (U. of Pittsburgh), R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Schmidt (Australian National U.), M. Hicken (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Constraining the Hubble Constant with a Type II Supernova”

P. McCarthy (Carnegie Observatories), R. Abraham (University of Toronto), K. Glazebrook GEM-NQ 1 (Swinburne U.), P. McGregor (Australian National U.), K. Roth, I. Jorgensen (Gemini Observatory), H. Yan (Carnegie Observatories), H. Chen (U. of Chicago), D. Crampton (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), S. Savaglio (Max-Planck Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik), D. Le Borgne (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique), R. Carlberg (University of Toronto), S. Juneau (University of Arizona), E. Mentuch (University of Toronto), R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), P. Nair (University of Toronto), C. Blake (Swinburne U.): “Dynamics of Galaxies at the Peak of the Formation Epoch”

A. McConnachie, US Lead Scientist for A. McConnachie, S. Chapman (University of Victoria), GEM-NQ 0.4 R. Rich (UCLA), M. Irwin (University of Cambridge), G. Lewis (U. of Sydney), R. Ibata (Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg), J. Penarrubia (University of Victoria): “The destructive path of NGC205”

W. Merline (Southwest Research Institute), B. Carry (ESO), J. Drummond (AFRL), C. Dumas GEM-NQ 1 (ESO), M. Sykes (PSI), A. Conrad (Keck): “Ceres under the Microscope”

C. Miller (CTIO), P. Gomez (Gemini Observatory), “Abell 1882 and the Cosmic Web” GEM-SQ 0.65¡

M. Modjaz (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Matheson (NOAO), R. GEM-NQ 1.59 Kirshner, S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), P. Mazzali (Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik), E. Pian (Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste): “Revealing the Heart of the Explosion: Nebular-Phase Spectroscopy of Type I Supernovae”

J. Najita (NOAO), M. Richter (UC Davis), J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory), J. Lacy (U. of GEM-N 3 Texas, Austin), D. Watson (U. of Rochester), S. Strom, G. Doppmann (NOAO), C. Knez (G) (U. of Maryland), M. Bitner (U. of Texas, Austin), T. Greathouse (Lunar and Planetary Institute), P. Woods, K. Willacy (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “From Astrochemistry to Astrobiology: Organic Molecules in a Planet- forming Disk”

D. Nesvorny (Southwest Research Institute), T. Mothe-Diniz (Observatorio Nacional Brazil), C. GEM-NQ 0.5 Chapman (Southwest Research Institute): “Spectroscopic Observations of Very Young Asteroid GEM-SQ 0.9 Families”

D. Norman (NOAO), P. Gomez (Gemini Observatory), J. Hughes (Rutgers U.), I. Soechting GEM-SQ 0.92 (University of Oxford), D. Wittman (UC Davis): “X-ray selected AGN in a Merging Cluster Environment”

G. Orton, P. Yanamandra-Fisher (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), J. De Buizer, T. Hayward (Gemini GEM-SQ 0.6¡ Observatory), A. Sanchez-Lavega (ETS Ingenieros Ind. Y Telecom), O. Mousis (Observatoire de Besancon), L. Fletcher (Oxford U.), A. Simon-Miller (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), “Investigation of the Physical and Chemical State of Jupiter During an Episode of Global Instability”

E-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

G. Orton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. Encrenaz (Observatoire de Paris), T. Geballe (Gemini GEM-NQ 0.25 Observatory), H. Hammel (Space Science Institute): “Mapping of Thermal Anomalies in Neptune: Implications for Dynamical and Radiative Processes”

G. Orton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. Encrenaz (Observatoire de Paris), T. Geballe (Gemini GEM-SQ 0.78 Observatory), H. Hammel (Space Science Institute): “Mapping of Thermal Anomalies in Neptune: Implications for Dynamical and Radiative Processes”

S. Perlmutter, US Lead Scientist for I. Hook (University of Oxford), R. Carlberg, D. Howell, K. GEM-NQ 2 Perrett (University of Toronto), C. Pritchet (University of Victoria), M. Sullivan (University of Toronto), R. McMahon (IoA, Cambridge), E. Walker (University of Oxford), G. Aldering (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S. Perlmutter (UC Berkeley), R. Pain (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Conley (University of Toronto): “The Nature of Dark Energy from Type Ia Supernovae”

J.-U. Pott (Keck), J. Monnier (U. of Michigan), P. Tuthill (U. of Sydney), A. Ghez (UC Los GEM-SQ 1.7¡ Angeles), R. Schoedel (U. of Cologne), “Interstellar absorption towards the Galactic center - the enigma of GCIRS 3”

L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory), “Orbits for young GEM-SQ 1.6¡ spectroscopic binaries in Ophiuch”

G. Richards (Drexel U.), D. Chelouche (Institute for Advanced Study), P. Hall (York GEM-NQ 1.2 University), J. Hennawi (UC Berkeley), N. Inada (University of Tokyo), C. Keeton (Rutgers U.), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.), M. Oguri (Princeton U.), D. Schneider (Pennsylvania State U.), S. Wyithe (U. of Melbourne), A. Yonehara (University of Tokyo): “Spectroscopic Monitoring of SDSS J1004+4112”

H. Roe (Lowell Observatory), E. Schaller (G), M. Brown (California Institute of Technology-- GEM-NQ 1 Div of Geo and Planetary Science), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “Titan’s Methane Clouds: Seasonal Change and Surface Geology”

B. Rodgers, US Lead Scientist for B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory), N. van der Bliek (CTIO), GEM-N 0.46 S. Thomas (UC Santa Cruz), G. Doppmann (NOAO): “Investigating the Nature of HAEBE GEM-NQ 0.59 Companions”

S. Schuler (CTIO), V. Smith, K. Cunha (NOAO), T. Beers, T. Sivarani (Michigan State U.), J. GEM-SQ *¡ Johnson, T. Masseron (Ohio State U.), S. Lucatello (Astronomical Observatory of Padova), “Fluorine in Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars: A Key Tracer of Nucleosynthetic Processes in the Early Galaxy”

N. Smith (UC Berkeley), K. Hinkle (NOAO), “Mass Loss and Rotation in Making a WR star: GEM-SQ 0.5¡ High-Resolution IR imaging and spectroscopy of IRC+10420”

C. Stubbs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Bergmann (Gemini Observatory), GEM-SQ *¡ S. Krughoff (U. of Washington), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), D. Burke (Stanford Linear Accelerator), “Sky Brightness as a function of moon phase and angular distance on Cerro Pachon: preparing for LSST”

A. Tanner, J. Kirkpatrick (IPAC), C. Beichman (Michaelson Science Center): “Potential very GEM-NQ 1.6 low-mass companions to young stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus”

D. Thilker, US Lead Scientist for G. Madsen (U. of Sydney), D. Thilker, L. Bianchi, G. Meurer GEM-SQ 0.16 (Johns Hopkins U.), A. De Paz (Universidad Complutense Madrid), S. Boissier (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), B. Madore (Carnegie Observatories): “Examining the Star Formation Law in the Extended UV Disk of PGC9103”

E-12 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

M. Torres, D. Steeghs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Gaensicke, T. Marsh GEM-SQ 0.4 (University of Warwick), P. Rodriguez-Gil (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), L. Schmidtobreick (ESO), K. Long (STScI), M. Schreiber (Valparaiso U.): “Unravelling the role of the SW Sextantis stars in the evolution of cataclysmic variables”

L. Trafton (U. of Texas, Austin), G. Orton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), T. Greathouse (Lunar and GEM-N 3 Planetary Institute), J. Lacy (U. of Texas, Austin), T. Encrenaz (Observatoire de Paris), C. Layrat (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “Spatially resolved Radiative Cooling Rates of Uranus’ Thermosphere during Equinox”

T. von Hippel (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Thompson (Colorado College), W. Reach (IPAC), M. GEM-NQ 1 Kilic (Ohio State U.), F. Mullally (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), M. Kuchner (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Time-Variable Accretion of a White Dwarf Debris Disk”

A. Weinberger (Carnegie Institution of Washington), R. Fisher (Gemini Observatory), A. GEM-NQ 1 Roberge (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Mid-Infrared Polarimetry of the Disk of (beta) Pictoris”

T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher (STScI): “Old Galaxies in a Young Universe: Spectroscopy of Massive GEM-SQ 1.6 Galaxies at High Redshift”

G. Wilson (SSC), A. Muzzin (University of Toronto), M. Lacy (SSC), H. Yee (University of GEM-SQ 0.73 Toronto), H. Hoekstra (University of Victoria), D. Gilbank (University of Toronto), J. Surace (SSC), J. Gardner (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), C. Lonsdale (IPAC), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago): “Connecting Star-forming Proto-clusters to Quiescent Clusters: A Rare Rich Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.7”

D. Winget, US Lead Scientist for S. Kepler (UFRGS), D. Winget (U. of Texas Austin), B. GEM-N * Castanheira (UFRGS), D. Koester (Universität Kiel): “The Most Massive White Dwarf Stars”

C. Woodward (U. of Minnesota), M. S. Kelley (U. of Central Florida), D. Harker (UC San GEM-SQ 0.59¡ Diego), Y. Fernandez (U. of Central Florida), D. Wood (NASA Ames Research Center), “The Nucleus and Dust of Comet 8P/Tuttle at Perihelion”

B. Zuckerman, C. Melis (UC Los Angeles), I. Song (Gemini Observatory), J. Rhee (UC Los GEM-SQ 0.2¡ Angeles), “The Formation of Organic Molecules in Disks: A Giant Perspective”

U.S. Thesis Programs+

A. Bauer (T) (U. of Texas, Austin), M. Bergmann, I. Jorgensen (Gemini Observatory), R. Davies GEM-NQ 2.12 (University of Oxford), J. Barr (University of Nottingham), K. Chiboucas (U. of Hawaii): “The Star Formation History of the XMMU J2235.3-2557 Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4”

M. Bitner (T) (U. of Texas, Austin), M. Richter (UC Davis), J. Lacy (U. of Texas, Austin), H. GEM-N 1 Nomura (Queens U. Belfast), T. Greathouse (Lunar and Planetary Institute), G. Blake (California Institute of Technology--Div of Geo and Planetary Science): “Resolving the Location of Protoplanetary Disk Gas in AB Aur”

J. Brown (T), G. Blake (California Institute of Technology--Div of Geo and Planetary Science), GEM-NQ 0.8 A. Boogert (IPAC), K. Pontoppidan (California Institute of Technology--Div of Geo and GEM-SQ 0.6 Planetary Science), B. Merin (European Space Agency), V. Geers (G), E. van Dishoeck (Leiden Observatory): “Mid-IR imaging of proto-planetary disks with inner gaps”

+Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other; ¡ = Special Call program

E-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Gemini Telescopes—2007B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)+ Tel. Nights

M.-Y. Chou (T), S. Majewski (U. of Virginia), V. Smith, K. Cunha (NOAO), R J. Patterson (U. GEM-S 4.0¡ of Virginia), D. Martinez-Delgado (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), “Chemical Trends in Halo Tidal Streams”

C. Fassnacht, M. Auger (T) (UC Davis): “Lens Redshifts of CLASS Gravitational Lenses” GEM-NQ 0.5

M. Gladders, M. Bayliss (T) (U. of Chicago), D. Gilbank (University of Toronto), E. Ellingson GEM-SQ 0.62 (U. of Colorado), N. Dalal (CITA), A. Hicks (U. of Virginia): “GMOS Spectroscopy of a Wide- Seperation Strongly-Lensed Quasar Candidate”

X. Koenig (T), L. Allen (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “High Resolution GEM-NQ 1 Imaging of Massive Proplyd Candidates in W5”

J. Lowenthal, US Lead Scientist for J. Geach (T), K. Coppin, I. Smail (University of Durham), J. GEM-NQ 0.72 Lowenthal (Smith College), G. Wilson, M. Yun (U. Mass), D. Hughes (INAOE): “Extreme activity in distant clusters: GMOS observations of AzTEC/MIPS sources in MS0451-03”

M. Moerchen (T), C. Telesco, C. Packham (U. of Florida): “T-ReCS and MICHELLE Imaging GEM-SQ 0.3 Study of Stochastic Processes in Debris Disks”

J. Prieto (T) (Ohio State U.), A. Bonanos (Carnegie Institution of Washington), K. Stanek (Ohio GEM-NQ 1.8 State U.): “Accurate Parameters for the Most Massive Stars in the Local Universe: the Brightest Eclipsing Binaries in M33”

L. Prochaska (T), J. Rose (U. of North Carolina): “Age and Metallicity Relations of Stellar GEM-SQ 1.5 Populations in Disk Galaxies”

G. Rudnick, US Lead Scientist for A. Kanwar (T) (University of Victoria), L. Simard (Herzberg GEM-NQ 1.42 Institute of Astrophysics), G. Rudnick (NOAO), I. Labbe (Carnegie Observatories): “Near-IR Integral Field Spectroscopy of the First Large Disk Galaxies”

A. Stanford, US Lead Scientist for M. Hilton (T), C. Collins (Liverpool Johns Moores GEM-Su 0.53 University), B. Mann (Royal Observatory, Edinburgh), A. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), S. Brough (Swinburne U.), C. Miller (CTIO), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), M. West (U. of Hawaii), K. Romer (University of Sussex), K. Sabirli (Carnegie Mellon U.), A. Liddle (University of Sussex), P. Viana (Universidade do Porto): “Testing hierarchical formation models of brightest cluster galaxies”

A. Stanford, US Lead Scientist for M. Hilton (T), C. Collins (Liverpool Johns Moores GEM-NQ 1.36 University), B. Mann (Royal Observatory, Edinburgh), A. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), S. Brough (Swinburne U.), C. Miller (CTIO), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), M. West (U. of Hawaii), K. Romer (University of Sussex), K. Sabirli (Carnegie Mellon U.), A. Liddle (University of Sussex), P. Viana (Universidade do Porto): “Testing hierarchical formation models of elliptical cluster galaxies”

C. Telesco, M. Moerchen (T) (U. of Florida), R. Fisher (Gemini Observatory): “An Exosolar GEM-SQ 1.04 Planet Search”

N. van der Bliek (CTIO), K. Geissler (T), M. Sterzik (ESO), S. Thomas (University of California GEM-SQ 1.1 Observatories): “A mid-infrared search for extrasolar planets around nearby bright stars”

E-14 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Kitt Peak National Observatory

ƒ Mayall 4-m: The U.S. community has access to 80% of science time on the Mayall; 20% is assigned to the U. of Maryland.

ƒ WIYN 3.5-m Telescope: The U.S. community has access to approximately 40% of WIYN time.

ƒ Kitt Peak Small Telescopes: KP 2.1-m (100% community access) and the KP 0.9-m (10%).

Semester 2007A

KPNO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

K. Cook, M. Gregg (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), L. Macri, J. Mould (NOAO), KP-4m 3.5 P. Stetson (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), D. Welch (McMaster U.), D. Alves (UC WIYN 2 Davis): “A Cepheid Distance to the Coma Cluster”

A. Dey (NOAO), C. Willmer, C. Papovich (Steward Observatory), M. Brown (Princeton U.), KP-4m 6.5 B. Jannuzi, M. Dickinson (NOAO), S. Faber (UC Santa Cruz), K. Brand (NOAO): “Measuring the Evolving Space Density of the Red Galaxy Population”

D. Domingue (Georgia State U.), C. Xu, Y. Cheng (G) (California Institute of Technology): KP-2.1m 2.5 “Local Benchmarks for the Evolution of Interacting Galaxies - Redshift and EW Measurements”

S. Eikenberry (U. of Florida), J. Paredes (Universitat de Barcelona), R. Bandyopadhyay (U. of KP-4m 2 Florida), M. Ribo (Universitat de Barcelona), S. Raines (U. of Florida), J. Marti (Universidad de Jaen): “FLAMINGOS Spectroscopy of Candidate EGRET Counterparts”

D. Figer (Rochester Institute of Technology), T. Tyson (UC Davis), K. Gilmore (SLAC): “The KP-2.1m 6.5 First Astronomical Use of Silicon PIN Detectors”

A. Fruchter (STScI), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), D. Reichart (U. of North Carolina), J. KP-4m-TOO Graham (G) (Johns Hopkins U.), A. Rest (CTIO), A. Levan (University of Hertfordshire), J. KP-2.1m-TOO Castro Ceron (G) (University of Copenhagen), M. Merrill (NOAO), D. Bersier (Liverpool WIYN-TOO Johns Moores University), N. Tanvir (University of Hertfordshire), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), A. Fuentes (G) (Arizona State U.): “Rapid Observations and Fundamental Studies of GRB Afterglows”

A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), D. Stern, M. Brodwin (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Stanford KP-4m 6 (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), P. Eisenhardt (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Dey (NOAO), J. Mohr, J. Song (G) (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign): “Galaxy Cluster Velocity Dispersions for Clusters in the IRAC Shallow Survey”

C. Grillmair (SSC), O. Dionatos (G) (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma), D. Geisler WIYN 5 (Universidad de Concepcion), K. Johnston (Wesleyan U.), S. Majewski, R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), D. Spergel, S. Tremaine (Princeton U.): “Fishing in Tidal Streams”

L. Haberzettl, G. Williger, J. Lauroesch (U. of Louisville), O. Kuhn (Steward Observatory), KP-2.1m 15 M. Graham (California Institute of Technology): “Probing Large-scale Galaxy Sheets at z = 0.8”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN: Synoptic/Queue; ToO: Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T): Thesis Student; (G): Graduate; (U) Undergraduate

E-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

KPNO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

H. Harris (US Naval Observatory), A. Henden (AAVSO), C. Dahn, J. Pier (US Naval WIYN 3 Observatory): “Spectra to Support Accurate Parallaxes”

J. Holberg (Steward Observatory), S. Howell (NOAO), E. Sion (Villanova U.): “Exoplanet KP-2.1m 4 Tracker Observations of Sirius-Like Systems”

S. Howell (NOAO), D. Ciardi, G. Van Belle (Michaelson Science Center): “The Search KP-2.1m 7 Continues for Extra-Solar Planets in a Sample of Metal Rich K stars”

D. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), B. Elmegreen (IBM), E. Anderson (Northern Arizona U.): KP-2.1m 7.5 “Star Formation at the Stellar Edges of Dwarf Galaxies”

J. Kenney (Yale U.), G. Jacoby (WIYN), H. Crowl, T. Tal (G) (Yale U.): “Galaxy Interactions KP-4m 3 in Subcluster Mergers: H(alpha) Filaments Surrounding the Virgo Elliptical M86”

K. Lewis, R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Spectroscopy of XMM Slew KP-4m 3 Survey Sources”

S. Majewski, C. Drown (U), R. Munoz (G), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), C. Palma KP-4m 4 (Pennsylvania State U.), M. Siegel (U. of Texas, Austin): “Proof of Tidal Tails from the Ursa Minor dSph Galaxy?”

R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), M. Hudson (University of Waterloo): “The Faint End of KP-4m 4 the Galaxy Luminosity Function: Efficient Photometric Selection of Faint Spectroscopic Targets in the Coma Cluster”

S. McGaugh (U. of Maryland), J. Schombert (U. of Oregon): “Galaxy Populations in Clusters KP-4m 4 at z=1.7”

B. McNamara, T. Harrison, J. Bornak (G), D. Hoffman (G) (New Mexico State U.): “The KP-2.1m 6.5 Origin of the IR Variability in GX17+2 and GX5-1”

C. Olkin, L. Young (Southwest Research Institute): “Characterizing Pluto’s Atmosphere with WIYN 1 Observations of the March 8, 2007 Stellar Occultation”

J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), B. Gladman (University of British Columbia), J. KP-2.1m 6 Kavelaars (National Research Council of Canada), J. Petit (Observatoire de Besancon), L. Jones (U. of Washington), A. Bieryla (O) (Southwest Research Institute): “The Kuiper Belt Legacy Project”

I. Platais (Johns Hopkins U.), S. Djorgovski (California Institute of Technology), A. Fey (US KP-4m 6 Naval Observatory), Z. Ivezic (U. of Washington), K. Mighell (NOAO), A. Rest (CTIO), R. Wyse (Johns Hopkins U.), N. Zacharias (US Naval Observatory): “Deep Astrometric Standards (DAS)”

J. Simon (California Institute of Technology), A. Bolatto (UC Berkeley), K. Spekkens WIYN 7 (Rutgers U.): “Cusps vs. Cores - The Distribution of Dwarf Galaxy Density Profile Slopes”

T. Thuan (O) (U. of Virginia), Y. Izotov (O) (Main Astronomical Observatory), P. Papaderos KP-2.1m 5 (O) (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia): “Deep Imaging of Probable Nearby Young Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”

S. Veilleux, R. Swaters (U. of Maryland), D. Andersen (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), KP-2.1m 14 M. Verheijen (University of Groningen), M. Bershady, K. Westfall (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “The Distribution of Mass in Spiral Galaxies”

S. Veilleux, D. Kim (U. of Maryland): “R-band Imaging of the SDSS DR3 Red and Blue WIYN 3 QSOs”

E-16 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

KPNO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

L. Wasserman, M. Buie, R. Millis (Lowell Observatory), D. Trilling (Steward Observatory), J. KP-4m 2 Elliot (MIT), K. Meech (U. of Hawaii), S. Kern, A. Gulbis, E. Adams (G) (MIT): “Dynamical Structure of the Kuiper Belt”

U.S. Thesis Programs♣

C. Churchill, J. Evans (T) (New Mexico State U.), M. Murphy (University of Cambridge), A. KP-4m 4 Widhalm (G) (New Mexico State U.): “Complete Quasar-Field Galaxy Imaging Program”

K. Chynoweth (T), R. Knop, R. Gibbons (Vanderbilt U.): “Exploring the WIYN 5 Merger/Starburst/AGN Connection in Nearby Infrared-Luminous Galaxies”

A. Connolly (U. of Pittsburgh), K. Chambers, I. Szapudi (U. of Hawaii), A. Hopkins, S. KP-4m 12 Schmidt (T) (U. of Pittsburgh), E. McGrath (G) (U. of Hawaii), R. Scranton (U. of Pittsburgh), J. Bryant (U. of Sydney), B. Jain (U. of Pennsylvania): “A Census of the High Redshift Radio Universe”

R. De Naray (T), S. McGaugh (U. of Maryland), E. De Blok (Research School for Astronomy KP-2.1m 6.5 and Astrophysics), A. Bosma (OAMP): “A Study of the Dark Matter Halos of Dwarf and LSB WIYN 4 Galaxies”

M. Edwards (T), S. Eikenberry, D. Clark (G), N. Raines (U. of Florida): “Probing the Extent KP-4m 4.5 and Membership of Cl 1806-20”

J. Ge, J. van Eyken (T), S. Mahadevan (G), S. Fleming (T), P. Guo (T), J. Crepp (T), M. KP-2.1m 17.5 Galvez (U. of Florida): “Radial Velocity Follow-ups of Planet Candidates with the KPNO ET Instrument”

K. Herrmann (T), R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.): “The Planetary Nebula System of WIYN 3 M94”

P. Hidalgo (T), F. Hamann (U. of Florida), D. Nestor (University of Cambridge), J. Shields KP-2.1m 6.5 (Ohio U.): “High Velocity Outflows in Quasars”

T. Huard (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Dunham (T) (U. of Texas, KP-4m 5.5 Austin), P. Myers (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Evans, II (U. of Texas, Austin), T. Bourke (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Crews (University of Tennessee, Martin), D. Murphy (Carnegie Institution of Washington): “Characterization of VeLLOs Embedded in Isolated Cores”

C. Kobulnicky, D. Kiminki (T) (U. of Wyoming), C. Fryer (LANL): “Defining the WIYN 6 Distribution of Orbital Separations Among Massive Binaries”

X. Koenig (T), L. Allen, J. Hora, L. Chavarria (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for KP-2.1m 3 Astrophysics): “Mapping the Young Stellar Content of the W5 Star Forming Region”

D. Lucero (T), L. Young (New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology), M. Bershady (U. WIYN 3 of Wisconsin Eau Claire): “Angular Momentum and the Origin of the Cold Gas in Elliptical Galaxies”

C. Ly (T), M. Malkan (UCLA), K. Shimasaku (University of Tokyo), N. Kashikawa (National KP-4m 2 Astronomical Observatory of Japan), M. Yoshida (G), K. Motohara (University of Tokyo), H. Furusawa (Subaru Telescope): “MOSAIC U-band Imaging of the Subaru Deep Field”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN: Synoptic/Queue; ToO: Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T): Thesis Student; (G): Graduate; (U) Undergraduate

E-17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

KPNO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

S. Meidt (T), R. Rand (U. of New Mexico): “Spiral Pattern Speeds Using the Tremaine- WIYN 3 Weinberg Method”

J. Miller (T), S. Majewski (U. of Virginia), V. Smith (NOAO), R. Rood (U. of Virginia), K. KP-4m 4 Cunha (NOAO), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), D. Bizyaev (NOAO): “Testing the Planet Absorption Paradigm for Rapidly Rotating K Giant Stars”

A. Myers, R. Brunner, W. Dukes (T) (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), G. Richards (Drexel KP-4m 2 U.), D. York (U. of Chicago), D. Schneider (Pennsylvania State U.): “Constraining the Masses of Quasar Host Halos with ~60 Binary Systems”

M. Prescott (T) (Steward Observatory), A. Dey, N. Reddy (NOAO): “A Low-Redshift (z<2) KP-4m 5.5 Search for Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies”

M. Reed (Missouri State University), M. Vuckovic (T) (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), J. KP-2.1m 6.5 Eggen (U) (Missouri State University): “Mode identification, seismological modelling, and the evolution of the unique sdO pulsator J160043.6+074802.9”

C. Reynolds, L. Winter (T) (U. of Maryland), K. Lewis, R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard KP-2.1m 7.5 Space Flight Center), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Optical Spectral Analysis of the SWIFT BAT-detected AGNs”

L. Wei (T), S. Vogel (U. of Maryland), S. Kannappan (U. of Texas, Austin), A. Baker KP-4m 5 (Rutgers U.): “Mergers and Disk Evolution in Red- and Blue-Sequence Early-Type Galaxies”

Y. Yang (T), A. Zabludoff, R. Dave, D. Eisenstein (Steward Observatory): “How Do Galaxies KP-4m 4 Get Their Baryons?”

Semester 2007B

KPNO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

M. A’Hearn (U. of Maryland), B. Mueller (PSI), T. Farnham (U. of Maryland), N. KP-4m 8 Samarasinha (NOAO), M. Belton (Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, LLC): “Investigation of the spin evolution of comet 9P/Tempel 1 and support for the Stardust NExT mission”

P. Allen (Pennsylvania State U.): “Wide Ultracool Companions to Spectroscopic Binaries: KP-4m 4 Testing Star Formation Simulations”

T. Axelrod, E. Olszewski (University of Arizona), A. Saha, C. Claver (NOAO): “A Test of the KP-2.1m 3.5 Use of Hot DA White Dwarfs to Calibrate AB-Magnitude Photometry”

J. Bally (U. of Colorado), L. Allen (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), G. KP-4m 5 Stringfellow (U. of Colorado), N. Smith (UC Berkeley), X. Koenig (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Megeath (U. of Toledo): “Mosaic Narrow-band Imaging of the Massive Star Formaing Complex W3/4/5”

N. Chapman (G), L. Mundy (U. of Maryland), L. Allen (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for KP-4m 4 Astrophysics): “Observing the Gould's Belt with NEWFIRM”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN: Synoptic/Queue; ToO: Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T): Thesis Student; (G): Graduate; (U) Undergraduate

E-18 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

KPNO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

A. Crotts, C. Hummels (G) (Columbia U.): “Solving the Mystery of Lunar Outgassing and KP-2.1m 4 Transient Phenomena”

B. Davies (Rochester Institute of Technology), J. MacKenty (STScI), S. Clark (Open U.), D. KP-4m 2 Figer (Rochester Institute of Technology): “The stellar content and formation history of the Giant HII region W51 using IRMOS”

O. De Marco (American Museum of Natural History), M. Moe (U) (U. of Colorado), G. KP-2.1m 7 Jacoby (WIYN), H. Bond (STScI), T. Hillwig (Valparaiso U.): “Do most planetary nebulae come from binaries?”

E. Egami (University of Arizona), P. Marshall (UC Santa Barbara), P. Mazzotta (Harvard- KP-4m 3 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Evrard (U. of Michigan), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago), G. Smith (University of Birmingham), J. Kneib (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), A. Finoguenov (Max-Planck Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik), T. Futamase (Tohoku University), J. Taylor (University of Waterloo): “The Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS): Exploring K-band Light as a Probe of Cluster Mass and Substructure”

D. Fadda (NASA Herschel Science Center), F. Marleau (SSC): “Evolution of the infrared WIYN 3 luminosity function up to z=0.5.”

X. Fan (University of Arizona), G. Richards (Drexel U.), R. Green (University of Arizona), M. KP-4m 7 Lacy (SSC), J. Annis (FNAL), M. Strauss (Princeton U.), L. Jiang (G) (University of Arizona): “Near-IR Imaging of the SDSS Deep Stripe”

P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), R. Mathieu, A. Geller KP-4m 4 (G), E. Braden (G) (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “WIYN Open Cluster Study (WOCS): Infrared Cluster Characteristics”

P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), J. Prieto (G), D. DePoy (Ohio State U.): “Finding the Lost KP-4m 5 Supernovae of the SDSS-II Supernova Search”

A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), M. Brodwin (NOAO), A. Stanford (UC Davis), P. Eisenhardt (Jet KP-4m 4 Propulsion Laboratory), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), D. Stern (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Dey (NOAO), Y. Lin (Princeton U.), M. Brown (California Institute of Technology--Div of Geo and Planetary Science), A. Mainzer (Jet Propulsion Laboratory): “NEW(FIRM) GALAXY CLUSTERS AT z>1.5”

P. Hartigan (Rice U.), A. Frank (U. of Rochester), J. Foster, P. Rosen (AWE), B. Carver (G), J. KP-4m 4.5 Palmer (G) (Rice U.), B. Wilde, R. Coker (LANL), F. Hansen (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), B. Blue (General Atomics), R. Williams (AWE): “Dynamics of a Jet/Cloud Collision in Astrophysics and in the Laboratory”

D. Kelson, P. McCarthy, H. Yan, A. Dressler, J. Mulchaey, A. Oemler, S. Shectman (Carnegie KP-4m 5 Observatories): “The Carnegie High-z Infrared-selected Magellan Prism Survey: 500,000 Mass-selected Galaxies to z=1.5”

J. Lee (NOAO), R. Finn (Siena College), D. Dale (U. of Wyoming): “Extending Deep KP-4m 6 H(alpha) Galaxy Surveys to Higher Redshift with NEWFIRM”

S. Lepine (American Museum of Natural History), H. Lanning (O) (NOAO): “Spectral KP-2.1m 3.5 classification of young UV-bright white dwarfs in the Galactic plane”

K. Lewis, R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Spectroscopy of XMM Slew KP-4m 2 Survey Sources”

J. MacKenty (STScI), D. Figer, B. Davies (Rochester Institute of Technology): “IRMOS KP-4m 5 Spectroscopy of Candidate Massive Star Clusters”

E-19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

KPNO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

L. Macri (NOAO): “The near-IR Cepheid P-L relation in M33” KP-4m 2.5

S. Majewski, R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), P. Guhathakurta (UC Santa Cruz), P. Frinchaboy KP-4m 7 (U. of Wisconsin Madison), J. Kalirai (UC Santa Cruz), R. Beaton (U) (U. of Virginia), K. Gilbert (G) (UC Santa Cruz): “Exploring the Newly Discovered Halo Of M31”

S. McGaugh, M. Zagursky (U) (U. of Maryland), J. Schombert (U. of Oregon): KP-2.1m 7 “Multiwavelength photometry of dynamically interesting galaxies” KP-4m 8

B. McLean (STScI), B. Bucciarelli (O) (Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino), J. Yus (O) KP-2.1m 5.5 (Gemini Observatory), C. Loomis (O) (STScI), A. Spagna (Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino): “Photometric Calibrators for the Guide Star Catalog II”

S. Meibom (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), WIYN 2 R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “Rotational evolution of bona fide single and binary stars”

G. Meurer (Johns Hopkins U.), P. Knezek (NOAO), R. Webster (U. of Melbourne), E. Ryan- WIYN 6 Weber (University of Cambridge), M. Dopita (Australian National U.), A. Melchiori (G), I. Wong (G) (U. of Melbourne): “A kinematic survey of HI selected star forming galaxies”

C. Miller (CTIO), S. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), M. West (U. of KP-4m 6 Hawaii), K. Sabirli (G) (Carnegie Mellon U.), K. Romer (University of Sussex), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), P. Viana (Universidade do Porto), M. Davidson (G) (University of Edinburgh), C. Collins, M. Hilton (Liverpool Johns Moores University), S. Kay (University of Oxford), A. Liddle (University of Sussex), B. Mann (University of Edinburgh), N. Mehrtens (G) (University of Sussex): “Optical Follow-up of the XMM Cluster Survey: The XCS- NOAO Survey”

I. Momcheva (G) (University of Arizona), J. Lee (NOAO), K. Finlator (G) (University of KP-0.9m 5 Arizona), S. Sakai (UCLA): “How Do Groups Shape Galaxy Evolution? Insights From H(alpha) Imaging of 7 Nearby Poor Groups.”

M. Nysewander (STScI), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), A. Fruchter (STScI), D. Reichart (U. KP-2.1m-TOO of North Carolina), A. Rest (CTIO), A. Levan (University of Hertfordshire), J. Castro Ceron (G) (University of Copenhagen), M. Merrill (NOAO), D. Bersier (Liverpool Johns Moores University), N. Tanvir (University of Hertfordshire), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), A. Fuentes (G) (Arizona State U.), J. Graham (Johns Hopkins U.): “Rapid Observations and Fundamental Studies of GRB Afterglows”

J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), B. Gladman (University of British Columbia), J. WIYN 4 Kavelaars (National Research Council of Canada), J. Petit (Observatoire de Besancon), L. Jones (U. of Washington), A. Bieryla (O) (Southwest Research Institute): “Resonance in the Kuiper Belt: The History of the Outer Solar System”

J. Pizagno, A. Evans, T. Vavilkin (G) (SUNY, Stony Brook): “Final State of Galaxy WIYN 3 Interactions: Velocity Fields of LIRGs”

A. Rest, R. Smith (CTIO), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), D. Welch (McMaster U.), C. Stubbs, KP-4m 5.5 A. Garg (G), P. Challis (O), W. Wood-Vasey (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), G. Damke (U) (CTIO), A. Newman (U) (Washington U. St. Louis), K. Olsen (NOAO), A. Clocchiatti, D. Minniti, L. Morelli (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), K. Cook, M. Huber (G), S. Nikolaev (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), J. Prieto (G) (Ohio State U.), A. Becker (FNAL): “Echoes of Historical Supernovae in the Milky Way Galaxy”

V. Rubin (Carnegie Institution of Washington), D. Hunter (Lowell Observatory): “A Search KP-2.1m 7 for H(alpha) Emission in the Far Outer Discs of Extremely Large Spiral Galaxies”

E-20 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

KPNO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

S. Schuler (G) (Clemson U.), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), J. King (Clemson U.), S. Kafka WIYN 2 (CTIO), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory): “The Striking Li Dispersions in Pleiades G & K Dwarfs: Real or Illusory?”

R. Swaters, S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Star Formation in Low Surface Brightness KP-2.1m 6 Galaxies”

J. Tyson (UC Davis), I. Dell'Antonio (Brown U.), D. Wittman, V. Margoniner, D. Rusin (UC KP-4m 2 Davis): “Completing the Plan of the DLS: A Uniform Dataset for 3-D Shear Measurements”

S. Veilleux, D. Rupke (U. of Maryland), N. Scoville (California Institute of Technology-- KP-4m 4 Astronomy Dept.), D. Sand (U. of Hawaii): “Search for High-Redshift Emission-Line Galaxies”

S. Veilleux, D. Kim (U. of Maryland): “R-band imaging of the SDSS DR3 red and blue WIYN 2 QSOs”

P. Winkler (Middlebury College): “Narrow Band Imaging, Tycho and other SNRs” KP-2.1m 3

S. Wolff, S. Strom (NOAO), L. Rebull (SSC): “Evolution of Accretion Disks Around Young WIYN 4 O-F Stars in IC 1805”

R. Zavala, Jr (US Naval Observatory), A. Peck (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for WIYN 2 Astrophysics), L. Pollack (G) (UC Santa Cruz), C. Rodriguez (G) (U. of New Mexico), R. Romani (Stanford U.), G. Taylor (U. of New Mexico): “Completing the picture: Deep imaging of the host galaxy of the closest pair of binary black holes”

U.S. Thesis Programs♣

H. Berrier (T), E. Barton (UC Irvine): “Galaxy Interactions” KP-2.1m 6

K. Carrell (T), R. Wilhelm (Texas Technical University): “Kinematic and Abundance WIYN 3.5 Properties of the Sagittarius Stream”

P. Garnavich, J. Gallagher (T) (U. of Notre Dame), L. Williams (U. of Minnesota), J. Rhodes KP-0.9m 7 (CalTech-JPL): “Anomalously Large Lensing Signature in High Redshift Supernovae”

J. Ge, B. Lee, J. Van Eyken (T), S. Fleming (T), P. Guo (T), J. Crepp (T), J. Wang (T) (U. of KP-2.1m 26.5 Florida): “Radial Velocity Follow-ups of Potential Planet Candidates in the SDSS Planet Survey”

A. Geller (T), R. Mathieu, E. Braden (G) (U. of Wisconsin Madison), S. Meibom, D. Latham WIYN 7 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “A Study Of Anomalous Stars and Binary Populations Within Open Clusters: Tests Of Theoretical Models”

R. Gutermuth (SAO), J. Pipher (U. of Rochester), T. Megeath (U. of Toledo), L. Allen, P. KP-4m 5 Myers (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), E. Allgaier (T) (U. of Toledo): “A Survey of the Cep OB3, Mon R2, and S140 Molecular Clouds with Spitzer and NEWFIRM”

K. Herrmann (T), R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.): “The Planetary Nebula Systems of WIYN 3 M74 and IC 342”

P. Hidalgo (T), F. Hamann (U. of Florida), D. Nestor (University of Cambridge), J. Shields KP-2.1m 7 (Ohio U.): “High Velocity Outflows in Quasars”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN: Synoptic/Queue; ToO: Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T): Thesis Student; (G): Graduate; (U) Undergraduate

E-21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

KPNO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

L. Jiang (T), X. Fan (University of Arizona): “Faint z~6 Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: KP-4m 3 SQIID NIR Photometry of i- Dropout Objects”

J. Kennefick, S. Bursick (T), A. Stewart (U) (U. of Arkansas): “Spectroscopy of Moderate KP-2.1m 7 Redshift Quasar Candidates Selected with 2MASS and DPOSS”

B. Mason, W. Hartkopf (US Naval Observatory), D. Raghavan (T) (Georgia State U.): KP-4m 9 “Nearby Dwarf Stars: Duplicity, Binarity, and Masses”

J. Miller (T), S. Majewski (U. of Virginia), V. Smith (NOAO), R. Rood (U. of Virginia), K. KP-4m 4 Cunha (NOAO), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), D. Bizyaev (NOAO): “Testing the Planet Absorption Paradigm for Rapidly Rotating K Giant Stars”

L. Miller (T), A. Szymkowiak, R. Zinn (Yale U.), S. Duffau (G) (Universidad de Chile), A. KP-2.1m 6.5 Vivas (Centro de Investigacion de Astronomia): “Spectroscopy of RR Lyrae Variables in Halo Substructures”

L. Wei (T), S. Vogel (U. of Maryland), S. Kannappan (U. of Texas, Austin), A. Baker KP-4m 2 (Rutgers U.): “Mergers and Disk Evolution in Red- and Blue- Sequence Early-Type Galaxies”

E-22 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory

ƒ Blanco 4-m: 90% of time available to public through NOAO TAC; 10% to Chilean proposers

ƒ CTIO Small Telescopes: NOAO has access to 25% time on each of the four telescopes now operated by the SMARTS consortium: CTIO 1.5-m, 1.3-m (former 2MASS), 1.0-m, and 0.9- m telescopes.

Semester 2007A

CTIO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

P. Allen (Pennsylvania State U.): “Wide Ultracool Companions to Spectroscopic Binaries: CT-4m 4 Testing Star Formation Simulations”

R. Blum (NOAO), A. Damineli (IAGUSP), P. Conti (U. of Colorado), A. Moises (G) SOAR 4 (IAGUSP), E. Figueredo (Open U.): “The Incredible Shrinking Milky Way”

M. Briley (NSF), G. Smith, S. Martell (G) (UC Santa Cruz): “The Homogeneity of Light CT-4m 4 Elements in the Sagittarius Dwarf Globular Clusters Terzan 7 and Arp 2”

J. Brodie (UC Santa Cruz), J. Cenarro, M. Beasley (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), J. SOAR 4 Strader (G) (UC Santa Barbara), N. Cardiel (Centro de Investigacion de Astronomia): “K Band Integrated Spectroscopy of Galactic Globular Clusters”

C. Buchanan, J. Noel-Storr (Rochester Institute of Technology), J. Gallimore (Bucknell U.), C. CT-4m 2 O’Dea, A. Robinson, S. Baum, D. Axon (Rochester Institute of Technology), M. Elitzur (U. of Kentucky), M. Elvis (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “The Optical and Infrared Emission from Seyfert Galaxies: Towards a comprehensive understanding”

B. Carney (U. of North Carolina), D. Martinez-Delgado (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), CT-4m 3 J. Simmerer (U. of North Carolina), J. Laird (Bowling Green State U.), D. Latham (Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), D. Yong (Australian National U.): “[Fe/H] and [(alpha)/Fe] abundances of the Canis Major galaxy”

D. Christlein (Yale U.), A. Zabludoff (Steward Observatory), L. Infante (Pontificia CT-4m 3 Universidad Catolica de Chile), F. Salgado (G) (Universidad de Chile): “The Extremely Faint Population of Galaxies in Groups and Clusters”

A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “The Echo from Supernova 1987A” CT-0.9m-SVC 5

E. Egami (Steward Observatory), P. Marshall (UC Santa Barbara), P. Mazzotta (Harvard- CT-4m 3 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Evrard (U. of Michigan Dearborn), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago), G. Smith (University of Birmingham), J. Kneib (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), A. Finoguenov (Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik), T. Futamase (Tohoku University), J. Taylor (University of Waterloo): “The Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS): Exploring K-band light as a probe of cluster mass and substructure”

I. Evans (SAO), A. Koratkar (GEST), S. Neff (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): CT-4m 2 “Jet/ISM Interactions: A Case Study of Centaurus A”

P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), W. Kunkel (LCO), M. Skrutskie (U. of Virginia), SOAR 2 R. Benjamin (University of Wisconsin, Whitewater), E. Churchwell (U. of Wisconsin CT-4m 6 Madison), R. Munoz (G), S. Majewski (U. of Virginia): “Mapping the Dynamics of the Milky Way with 2MASS and GLIMPSE: Stellar Tracers of the Galactic Bar”

E-23 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

CTIO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), M. Skrutskie (U. of Virginia), R. Mathieu (U. of CT-1.5m-SVC 3 Wisconsin Madison), A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), S. Majewski (U. of Virginia), A. Grocholski (G) (U. of Florida): “Exploring the Luminosity Function for Prototypical Open Clusters”

A. Fruchter (STScI), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), D. Reichart (U. of North Carolina), J. SOAR-TOO Graham (G) (Johns Hopkins U.), A. Rest (CTIO), A. Levan (University of Hertfordshire), J. CT-4m-TOO Castro Ceron (G) (University of Copenhagen), M. Merrill (NOAO), D. Bersier (Liverpool Johns Moores University), N. Tanvir (University of Hertfordshire), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), A. Fuentes (G) (Arizona State U.): “Rapid Observations and Fundamental Studies of GRB Afterglows”

J. Fulbright (Johns Hopkins U.), R. Rich (UCLA): “Composition for a Large Sample of K CT-4m 6 Giants in the Galactic Bulge Plaut Field”

J. Gizis, B. Riaz (G), J. Shaw (G) (U. of Delaware): “Parallaxes of Three Young Brown CT-0.9m-SVC 0.5 Dwarfs and a Planet”

J. Grindlay, P. Zhao, S. Laycock, M. Van Den Berg, J. Hong, X. Koenig (G) (Harvard- CT-4m 11 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), H. Cohn, P. Lugger (Indiana U.): “ChaMPlane II: Optical spectra and IR imaging identification of ChaMPlane X-ray sources”

J. Grindlay, P. Zhao, S. Laycock (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Galactic CT-4m 5.5 Bulge Latitude Survey-2”

M. Hanson (U. of Cincinnati), P. Massey, B. Skiff (O) (Lowell Observatory): “Uncovering CT-1.3m 2.5 massive eclipsing binaries in Westerlund 1”

J. Harvin, J. Gizis (U. of Delaware): “Photometric Variation of Two Brown Dwarfs in the TW CT-1.0m 14 Hya Association”

M. Holman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Winn (MIT): “The Transit CT-0.9m-SVC 3 Light Curve (TLC) Project: Long-term Monitoring of Transiting Extrasolar Planets”

M. Holman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Winn (MIT), D. Charbonneau SOAR 3 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “WASP-1b: A Direct Glimpse into the Atmosphere of a Hot Jupiter”

S. Kafka (CTIO), R. Honeycutt (Indiana U.): “A Spectroscopic Survey for Winds in CT-4m 5 Cataclysmic Variables”

S. Kafka (CTIO), E. Mason (ESO), C. Tappert (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), R. CT-1.3m 11 Honeycutt (Indiana U.), S. Howell (NOAO): “Monitoring VY Scl low states in Cataclysmic Variables”

S. Kafka (CTIO), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), R. Smith (NOAO), N. van der Bliek, R. CT-1.0m 7 Students (U) (CTIO): “CTIO REU/PIA: Students Exploring Open Clusters”

J. Kirkpatrick (IPAC), D. Looper (G) (U. of Hawaii): “The Sun’s Dark Neighbors: Searching SOAR 1 for Brown Dwarfs Cooler than T8”

A. Landolt, J. Clem (Louisiana State U.): “Faint UBVRI Photometric Standard Star Fields” CT-1.0m 24

H. Landt (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), H. Bignall (Joint Institute for VLBI CT-4m 1 in Europe), P. Padovani (ESO), E. Perlman (U. of Maryland): “Redshifts for a Complete Sample of BL Lacertae Objects”

K. Lewis, R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Spectroscopy of XMM CT-4m 3 Slew Survey Sources”

E-24 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

P. Massey (Lowell Observatory), N. Morrell (LCO), K. Eastwood (Northern Arizona U.), D. CT-1.5m-SVC 1.4 Gies (Georgia State U.), L. Penny (College of Charleston): “The Masses of the Most Massive CT-1.0m-SVC 7 Stars: Resolving the “Mass Discrepancy” with Eclipsing Binaries”

B. McNamara, T. Harrison, J. Bornak (G), D. Hoffman (G) (New Mexico State U.): “The CT-1.3m 0.9 Origin of the IR Variability in GX17+2 and GX5-1”

M. McSwain (Yale U.): “The Comings and Goings of Be Stars” CT-4m 4

K. Meech (U. of Hawaii), Y. Fernandez (University of Central Florida), J. Pittichova, D. SOAR 1 Harrington (G) (U. of Hawaii): “Coordinated Spitzer Comet Nucleus Observations”

C. Miller (CTIO), S. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), M. West (U. of CT-4m 7 Hawaii), K. Sabirli (G) (Carnegie Mellon U.), K. Romer (University of Sussex), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), P. Viana (Universidade do Porto), M. Davidson (G) (University of Edinburgh), C. Collins, M. Hilton (Liverpool Johns Moores University), S. Kay (University of Oxford), A. Liddle (University of Sussex), R. Mann (University of Edinburgh), N. Mehrtens (G) (University of Sussex): “Optical Follow-up of the XMM Cluster Survey: The XCS- NOAO Survey”

J. Najita, S. Strom (NOAO), J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory), D. Hollenbach, U. Gorti CT-4m 1 (NASA Ames Research Center), I. Pascucci (Steward Observatory), L. Keller (Ithaca College), D. Watson (U. of Rochester): “Warm Gas in Transitional Disks”

D. Norman (NOAO), D. Loomba (U. of New Mexico), D. Wittman (UC Davis): “Do Quasars CT-4m 3 Form in Massive Dark Matter Halos? Cont.”

J. Orosz (San Diego State U.), J. McClintock, D. Steeghs, R. Narayan (Harvard-Smithsonian CT-1.3m 3 Center for Astrophysics): “Measuring the Mass and Spin of the Stellar Black Hole LMC X-1”

R. de Propris (CTIO), M. West (Gemini Observatory): “Ultra-compact Dwarfs in Low CT-4m 1 Density Environments: a Test for their Origin”

A. Rest (CTIO), R. Smith (NOAO), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), D. Welch (McMaster U.), CT-4m 4 C. Stubbs (Harvard U.), K. Olsen (NOAO), M. Bergmann (Gemini Observatory), A. Clocchiatti, D. Minnite, L. Morelli (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), J. Prieto (G) (Ohio State U.), A. Becker (FNAL), A. Garg (G) (Harvard U.), M. Huber (G), S. Nikolaev (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), G. Damke (Universidad de La Serena): “Echoes of Historical Supernovae in the Milky Way Galaxy”

A. Saha (NOAO), E. Olszewski (Steward Observatory), R. Smith (CTIO), A. Subramaniam CT-0.9m-PRE 3 (Indian Institute of Astrophysics), A. Dolphin (Steward Observatory), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), A. Rest (CTIO), P. Seitzer (U. of Michigan), J. Harris (Steward Observatory), D. Minniti (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), K. Olsen (CTIO), P. Knezek (WIYN): “The Outer Limits Survey: Stellar Populations at the Extremities of the Magellanic Clouds”

D. Schleicher (Lowell Observatory): “Imaging of Gas Jets in Comet 2P/Encke after CT-0.9m-SVC 2.6 Perihelion”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), J. Elliot, S. Kern, A. Gulbis, C. Zuluaga (G) CT-0.9m-SVC 5 (MIT): “Precise Astrometry for Predicting Kuiper Belt Object Occultations”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “A SOAR 1 Survey for Neptune Trojans” CT-4m 3

J. Sokoloski, S. Kenyon (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), C. Hedrick (U) (U. CT-1.3m 1.75 of Nebraska): “The Outbursts of Symbiotic Binary Stars”

E-25 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

CTIO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

K. Spekkens, T. Williams, J. Sellwood (Rutgers U.): “Cold Dark Matter and the Structure of CT-0.9m-SVC 2 Nearby Spiral Galaxies”

J. Strader (G), M. Bolte (UC Santa Cruz): “Extremely Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Bulge” CT-1.0m 4

M. Sun (O), M. Donahue (O) (Michigan State U.), C. Jones (O) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center CT-1.5m-SVC 0.48 for Astrophysics): “Spectroscopy of a nearby starburst galaxy with a long X-ray tail”

S. Vennes (Florida Institute of Technology), A. Kawka (Astronomicky Ustav): “Disk versus CT-4m 6 Galactic halo membership of high proper-motion white dwarfs”

L. Wasserman, M. Buie, R. Millis (Lowell Observatory), D. Trilling (Steward Observatory), J. CT-4m 2 Elliot (MIT), K. Meech (U. of Hawaii), S. Kern, A. Gulbis, E. Adams (G) (MIT): “Dynamical Structure of the Kuiper Belt”

A. Whiting (CTIO), K. Davidson (U. of Minnesota), D. DePoy (Ohio State U.), R. CT-1.3m 0.8 Humphreys (U. of Minnesota), N. Smith (U. of Colorado), N. Suntzeff (CTIO): “Photometric Monitoring of Eta Carinae”

P. Winkler (Middlebury College), K. Long (STScI), P. Student (U) (Middlebury College): SOAR 2 “Cas A’s Older, Bigger Cousin: G292.0+1.8”

U.S. Thesis Programs

J. Baldwin, E. Pellegrini (T) (Michigan State U.), G. Ferland (U. of Kentucky): “The Structure CT-4m 2 of Nearby Giant Star-Forming Regions”

T. Beers (Michigan State U.), S. Schuler (NOAO), T. Sivarani (Michigan State U.), S. Rossi SOAR 6 (IAGUSP), B. Marsteller (T) (Michigan State U.): “Near-IR SOAR/OSIRIS Spectroscopy of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

B. Biller (T), L. Close (Steward Observatory): “Completion of the First Direct Distance CT-1.3m 10.1 Determination for a Planetary Mass Object”

T. Boyajian (T) (Georgia State U.), M. McSwain (Yale U.), D. Gies (Georgia State U.): “A CT-1.5m-SVC 7 Spectroscopic Search for Quiet X-ray Binaries Among Runaway O-stars”

C. Churchill, J. Evans (T) (New Mexico State U.), M. Murphy (University of Cambridge), A. CT-4m 2 Widhalm (G) (New Mexico State U.): “Complete Quasar-Field Galaxy Imaging Program”

L. Cieza (T) (U. of Texas, Austin), B. Merin, I. Oliveira (G) (Leiden Observatory), P. Harvey, CT-4m 4 N. Evans (U. of Texas, Austin), K. Pontoppidan (California Institute of Technology): “Optical spectroscopy of new young stellar objects identified with Spitzer”

C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), B. Anthony-Twarog, B. Twarog (U. of Kansas), K. Croxall (T) CT-4m 5 (Indiana U.): “Spectroscopic Analysis of NGC 6253: The Most Metal-Rich Open Cluster Cluster?”

T. Huard (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Dunham (T) (U. of Texas, CT-4m 5 Austin), P. Myers (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Evans, II (U. of Texas, Austin), T. Bourke (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Crews (University of Tennessee, Martin), D. Murphy (Carnegie Institution of Washington): “Characterization of VeLLOs Embedded in Isolated Cores”

J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Macri (NOAO), K. Masters CT-1.5m-SVC 12 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Jarrett (CalTech-JPL), A. Crook (T) (MIT): “Mapping the Nearby Universe: The 2MASS Redshift Survey”

E-26 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

E. Jeffery (T), C. Sneden, T. von Hippel, D. Winget (U. of Texas, Austin): “Determining CT-4m 2 Metallicities of Open Clusters”

E. Jeffery (T), T. von Hippel, D. Winget (U. of Texas, Austin): “Photometry of Open CT-1.0m 8 Clusters”

E. Martin, R. Tata (T), R. Deshpande (G), N. Phan-Bao (University of Central Florida), T. CT-4m 4 Forveille (CFHT): “Infrared parallaxes for T/Y dwarfs from CFHTLS and UKIDSS”

J. Mauerhan (T), M. Morris (UCLA), M. Muno (California Institute of Technology): “Infrared SOAR 3 Spectroscopy of Massive X-ray Stars in the Galactic Center”

C. Peters (T), J. Thorstensen (Dartmouth College): “Proper Motions of Southern Cataclysmic CT-0.9m-SVC 1 Variable Stars”

R. Smith (NOAO), C. Stubbs, G. Narayan (T) (Harvard U.), S. Burke (SLAC), T. Axelrod CT-1.5m-SVC 6 (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), E. Olszewski (Steward Observatory), A. Saha, C. Claver (NOAO): “Characterizing Atmospheric Absorption for Precision Photometry”

Semester 2007B

CTIO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

P. Allen (Pennsylvania State U.): “Wide Ultracool Companions to Spectroscopic Binaries: CT-4m 4 Testing Star Formation Simulations”

J. Bauer (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Fitzsimmons (Queens U. Belfast), E. Young SOAR-SVC 3 (Southwest Research Institute), J. Arlot (Observatoire de Paris), H. Hammel (Space Science Institute), B. Buratti (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), L. Young (Southwest Research Institute), V. Lainey (IMCCE): “Near IR observations of the August 2007 Uranian Stellar Occultation and Satellite Mutual events”

R. Buta (U. of Alabama), E. Laurikainen, H. Salo (University of Oulu), J. Knapen (Instituto de CT-4m 3 Astrofisica de Canarias), D. Block (University of the Witwatersrand): “Bar Strengths in Early- Type Disk Galaxies: A Study of Angular Momentum Exchange in Gas-Poor Stellar Disks”

A. Crotts (Columbia U.), B. Sugerman (Goucher College), S. Lawrence (Hofstra University), SOAR 1 S. Heathcote (SOAR): “The Formation of Supernova Remnant 1987A” CT-4m 1

A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “The Echo from Supernova 1987A” CT-0.9m-SVC 4

E. Gawiser (Rutgers U.), C. Gronwall, R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), J. Feldmeier CT-4m 4 (Youngstown State University), K. Lai (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Bond (G) (Princeton U.), G. Blanc (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), N. Padilla, L. Infante (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), K. Schawinski (G) (University of Oxford): “Using Lyman Alpha Emitters at z=2.1 and z=3.1 to Probe the Formation of L_* Galaxies”

J. Gizis, B. Riaz (G), J. Shaw (G) (U. of Delaware): “Parallaxes of Three Young Brown CT-0.9m-SVC 1 Dwarfs and a Planet”

A. Grocholski, A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), R. Van Der Marel (STScI): “3-Dimensional SOAR 3 Distribution of Populous Clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

H. Hsieh (G), D. Jewitt (U. of Hawaii): “Monitoring of the Predicted Outburst of the Main- CT-1.3m 1.08 Belt Comet 133P/Elst- Pizarro”

E-27 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

CTIO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

R. Humphreys (U. of Minnesota), J. Larsen (US Naval Academy), J. Cabanela (MSU CT-1.0m 6 Moorehead): “Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk”

S. Kafka (CTIO), C. Tappert (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), E. Mason (ESO), R. CT-1.3m 15.9 Honeycutt (Indiana U.), S. Howell (NOAO): “Monitoring VY Scl low states in Cataclysmic Variables”

A. Landolt, J. Clem (Louisiana State U.): “Faint UBVRI Photometric Standard Star fields” CT-1.0m 25

K. Lewis, R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Spectroscopy of XMM CT-4m 3 Slew Survey Sources”

E. Martin, R. Tata, P. Ngoc (University of Central Florida), R. Jameson (University of CT-4m 3 Leicester), X. Delfosse (LAOG): “Infrared parallaxes for T dwarfs and Y dwarf candidates from CFHTLS and UKIDSS”

R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), D. Burstein (Arizona State U.), M. Maia, A. Costa, P. SOAR 4 Pellegrini (Observatorio Nacional Brazil): “The SOAR Ultracompact Dwarf Survey”

M. Mateo (U. of Michigan), E. Olszewski (University of Arizona), M. Walker (G) (U. of CT-4m 4 Michigan): “Exploring the 3rd Dimension: The Line-of-Sight Depth of the Carina and Fornax dSph Galaxies”

J. Mohr (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National CT-4m 15 Laboratory), Y. Lin (G) (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), H. Lin, J. Annis (FNAL), R. Smith (CTIO), H. Quintana (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), J. Frieman, D. Tucker (FNAL), W. Barkhouse (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), C. Stoughton (FNAL), M. Brodwin (NOAO), P. Eisenhardt (CalTech-JPL), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), C. Stubbs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Rest (CTIO), F. Valdes (NOAO), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago), W. Holzapfel (UC Berkeley), A. Kosowsky (Rutgers U.), A. Lee (UC Berkeley), S. Meyer, S. Padin (U. of Chicago), L. Page (Princeton U.), J. Ruhl (Case Western Reserve U.), A. Stark (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “SZE+Optical Studies of the Cosmic Acceleration”

C. Ngeow (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. Kanbur (SUNY at Oswego), S. Nikolaev CT-1.5m-SVC 20 (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), L. Macri (NOAO), T. Barnes (U. of Texas, Austin): “Follow-Up JHK_s Observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids”

M. Nysewander (STScI), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), A. Fruchter (STScI), D. Reichart (U. SOAR-TOO of North Carolina), A. Rest (CTIO), A. Levan (University of Hertfordshire), J. Castro Ceron (G) (University of Copenhagen), M. Merrill (NOAO), D. Bersier (Liverpool Johns Moores University), N. Tanvir (University of Hertfordshire), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), A. Fuentes (G) (Arizona State U.), J. Graham (Johns Hopkins U.): “Rapid Observations and Fundamental Studies of GRB Afterglows”

K. Olsen, R. Blum (NOAO), K. Gordon, J. Harris (University of Arizona), M. Meixner CT-4m 7 (STScI), S. Oey (U. of Michigan), S. Van Dyk (SSC), D. Zaritsky (University of Arizona): “Spitzer SAGE Followup: Kinematics of the LMC”

J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra (Arizona State U.), J. Wang (University of Science & Technology of CT-4m 2.5 China): “Large scale clustering in the era of reionization”

S. Ridgway (NOAO), M. Lacy, A. Sajina, L. Armus (SSC), D. Farrah (Cornell U.), L. Storrie- CT-4m 4 Lombardi (SSC): “The luminosity function of dust obscured quasars”

E-28 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

A. Saha (NOAO), E. Olszewski (University of Arizona), R. Smith (CTIO), A. Subramaniam CT-4m 5 (Indian Institute of Astrophysics), A. Dolphin (University of Arizona), N. Suntzeff (Texas CT-0.9m 4 A&M U.), A. Rest (CTIO), P. Seitzer (U. of Michigan), J. Harris (University of Arizona), D. Minniti (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), K. Olsen (CTIO), P. Knezek (WIYN): “The Outer Limits Survey: Stellar Populations at the Extremities of the Magellanic Clouds”

D. Schleicher (Lowell Observatory): “Imaging the Coma Morphology and Nucleus of Comet CT-0.9m-SVC 6.5 8P/Tuttle Near Perigee and Following Perihelion”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), J. Elliot (MIT), S. Kern (STScI), E. Adams, CT-0.9m-SVC 4 A. Gulbis (MIT): “Precise Astrometry for Predicting Kuiper Belt Object Occultations”

K. Spekkens, T. Williams, J. Sellwood (Rutgers U.): “Cold Dark Matter and the Structure of CT-0.9m-SVC 3.5 Nearby Spiral Galaxies - II”

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), L. Hebb, E. Stempels (St. Andrews University): “Multi-band CT-0.9m-SVC 7 photometry of a New Pre-Main Sequence Eclipsing Binary” CT-0.9m 7

N. Suntzeff (NOAO), B. Schmidt (Australia Telescope National Facility), C. Stubbs (U. of CT-0.9m-SVC 10 Washington), R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Filippenko (UC Berkeley), P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), A. Riess (STScI), J. Tonry (U. of Hawaii), R. Smith (NOAO), K. Krisciunas (CTIO), M. Phillips (Carnegie Institution of Washington), A. Clocchiatti (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile), B. Leibundgut, J. Spyromilio (ESO), B. Barris (U. of Hawaii), W. Li (UC Berkeley), C. Hogan, G. Miknaitis (U. of Washington), S. Holland (U. of Notre Dame), S. Jha, T. Matheson (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Sollerman (ESO), P. Challis (O) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Pompea (NOAO), A. Becker (Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies), A. Rest (U. of Washington), J. Quinn (G) (U. of Notre Dame), J. Gallagher (G) (), A. Noriega-Crespo (IPAC), C. Kennedy (O) (): “The w Project: Measuring the Equation of State of the Universe”

M. Tsujimoto (Pennsylvania State U.), N. Kobayashi (Institute of Astronomy,University of CT-4m 2 Tokyo): “Optical Spectroscopic Confirmation of OB Star Candidates in HII Regions”

A. Walker (CTIO), G. Raimondo, E. Brocato, M. Cantiello (Instituto Nazionale di SOAR 1 Astrofisica): “Calibration of the Surface Brightness Fluctuation Method for Young and Intermediate Age Stellar Populations”

L. Wasserman, M. Buie (Lowell Observatory): “An extension to the Deep Ecliptic Survey - CT-4m 6.5 The Deep Off-Ecliptic Survey”

A. Whiting (CTIO), K. Davidson (U. of Minnesota), D. DePoy (Ohio State U.), R. CT-1.3m 0.72 Humphreys (U. of Minnesota), N. Smith (U. of Colorado), N. Suntzeff (CTIO): “Photometric Monitoring of Eta Carinae”

P. Winkler (Middlebury College), R. Smith, S. Points (NOAO), P. Student (U) (Middlebury SOAR 1 College): “Exploring 0103-72.6, a New Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant in the SMC” CT-4m 2

P. Winkler (Middlebury College), K. Kwitter (Williams College), R. Henry (U. of Oklahoma), CT-4m 3 R. Smith (NOAO), P. Student (U) (Middlebury College): “New Planetary Nebulae in the SMC: Measuring Abundances and Populating the PNLF”

U.S. Thesis Programs

T. Beers (Michigan State U.), S. Schuler (NOAO), T. Sivarani (Michigan State U.), S. Rossi SOAR 6 (IAGUSP), C. Kennedy (T) (Michigan State U.): “Near-IR SOAR/OSIRIS Spectroscopy of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

R. Blum (NOAO), F. Markwick-Kemper (University of Manchester), S. Srinivasan (T) (Johns SOAR 5

E-29 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

CTIO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

Hopkins U.), J. Mould (NOAO), M. Meixner (STScI), K. Volk (Gemini Observatory), J. Elias (NOAO), M. Sewilo (STScI), B. Whitney (Space Science Institute), S. Team (SSC): “Spitzer SAGE Followup: Probing pre and post Main Sequence Circumstellar Envelopes in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

A. Cody (T), L. Hillenbrand (California Institute of Technology--Astronomy Dept.): “A CT-1.0m 13 Search for Pulsation in Brown Dwarfs”

J. Cummings (T), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.): “Testing Galactic Lithium Evolution By Means CT-4m 5 of Young Open Clusters”

N. De Lee (T), H. Smith, T. Beers (Michigan State U.): “Metallicity and Kinematic Studies of CT-4m 5 RR Lyrae in the SDSS SN Survey”

S. Finkelstein (T), J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra, N. Grogin (Arizona State U.): “Dust Enhancement CT-4m 3 of the Lyman Alpha Equivalent Width at z ~ 4.5 in the CDF-S”

J. Greissl (T), M. Meyer (University of Arizona): “Probing the IMF Beyond the Local Group: SOAR 2 Young Super-Star Clusters in NGC 253”

J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Macri (NOAO), K. Masters CT-1.5m-SVC 8 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Jarrett (IPAC), A. Crook (T) (MIT): “Mapping the Nearby Universe: The 2MASS Redshift Survey”

R. Munoz (T), S. Majewski, R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), K. Johnston (Columbia U.), D. CT-4m 3 Nidever (G) (U. of Virginia): “Exploring the Tidal Tails of the Carina dSph”

D. Nidever (T), S. Majewski, R. Munoz (G), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), W. Kunkel (LCO): CT-4m 10 “A New Component of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Stellar Halo or Tidal Debris?”

E. Pellegrini (T), J. Baldwin (Michigan State U.), M. Hanson (U. of Cincinnati), G. Ferland, T. SOAR 3 Troland (U. of Kentucky): “The Structure of the Nearby Giant Star-Forming Region 30 Doradus”

C. Peters (T), J. Thorstensen (Dartmouth College): “Proper Motions of Southern Cataclysmic CT-0.9m-SVC 0.6 Variable Stars”

R. Rich, C. Howard (T), D. Reitzel (UCLA), H. Zhao (U. of St. Andrews), K. Kuijken (Leiden CT-4m 6 University), A. Koch (UCLA), R. de Propris (CTIO), L. Origlia (Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna), M. Vicencio (Leiden University), K. Griest (UC San Diego), E. Valenti (ESO): “The Bulge Radial Velocity Assay: Stream Candidates, The Minor Axis and the Bulge/Halo Boundary”

R. Smith (NOAO), C. Stubbs, W. High (T) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), CT-1.5m-SVC 6 D. Burke (SLAC), T. Axelrod, E. Olszewski (University of Arizona), A. Saha, C. Claver (NOAO): “Characterizing Atmospheric Absorption for Precision Photometry”

M. Smitka (T), A. Layden (Bowling Green State U.): “Calibration of the Halo Globular CT-0.9m-SVC 1.7 Cluster M30”

J. Song (T) (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), R. Fassbender (T) (Max-Planck Institute fur CT-4m 7 extraterrestrische Physik), J. Mohr, W. Barkhouse (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), C. Mullis (U. of Michigan), C. Ngeow (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), H. Bohringer (Max- Planck Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik), G. Lamer (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam), P. Rosati (ESO), J. Santos (Max-Planck Institute fur extraterrestrische Physik), A. Schwope (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam): “An X-ray and Optical Cluster Survey within the South Pole Telescope SZE Survey Region”

G. Wilson (SSC), A. Muzzin (T), H. Yee (University of Toronto), M. Lacy (SSC), C. CT-4m 6

E-30 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

Lonsdale (IPAC), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago), J. Gardner (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), J. Surace (SSC), H. Hoekstra (University of Victoria): “Detecting Clusters of Galaxies at 1 < z < 2 in the Spitzer SWIRE Legacy Fields”

Y. Yang (T), A. Zabludoff, R. Dave, D. Eisenstein (University of Arizona): “How Do CT-4m 3 Galaxies Get Their Baryons?”

E-31 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

Community Access to the Private Telescopes

Under the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP), access to the telescopes of the major private observatories has been expanded to include, currently: the two Keck telescopes, the HET, the MMT, and the Magellan telescopes. However, not every one of these telescopes is available to the public in every semester, and only about a dozen nights are available on each telescope in any given semester.

Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) – McDonald Obs.

HET – Semester 2007A — Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

P. McCullough, C. Burke, J. Valenti (STScI), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), K. Janes (Boston U.): HET 3 “Finding Additional XO Planets, Transiting Hot Jupiters”

D. Meyer (Northwestern U.), J. Lauroesch (U. of Louisville): “The Nearest Cold Diffuse HET 0.5 Interstellar Clouds”

S. Schuler (NOAO), J. King (Clemson U.): “High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary HET 1.1 Hosts: Accretion & 6Li”

V. Woolf (U. of Nebraska), G. Wallerstein (U. of Washington), S. Lepine (American Museum of HET 1 Natural History): “Extreme subdwarf M star metallicity calibration”

U.S. Thesis Programs

S. Mahadevan (G), J. Ge, J. van Eyken (T), S. Kane, S. Fleming (T) (U. of Florida), G. Henry HET 3 (Tennessee State U.): “Precision radial velocity followup of candidates showing velocity variability in the Sloan ET wide field survey”

HET – Semester 2007B — Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

K. Luhman (Pennsylvania State U.): “Spectroscopy of Candidate Members of Taurus” HET 2.3

P. McCullough, C. Burke, J. Valenti (STScI), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), K. Janes (Boston U.), D. HET 2.5 Long (O) (STScI): “More XO Planets, Transiting Hot Jupiters”

A. Shafter (San Diego State U.), K. Misselt (University of Arizona), M. Bode, M. Darnley HET 0.84 (Liverpool Johns Moores University), E. Coelho (G) (San Diego State U.): “Spectroscopic Classification of Novae in M31”

J. Stauffer (SSC), G. Furesz (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Rebull, S. HET 1 Guieu (SSC), F. Vrba (US Naval Observatory), D. Navascues (AEFF): “High Resolution Spectral Survey of M Dwarfs in the Pleiades”

E-32 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT)

MMT – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), A. Szentgyorgyi (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): MMT 2 “How Normal is the Solar Li Depletion?: Comparison to M67”

A. Hornschemeier (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), B. Mobasher (STScI), N. Trentham MMT 4 (IoA, Cambridge), R. Tully (U. of Hawaii), D. Carter (Liverpool Johns Moores University), R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), T. Bridges (Queen’s University), N. Miller (Johns Hopkins U.), M. Hudson (University of Waterloo), L. Jenkins (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), R. Smith (University of Durham), R. Guzman, A. Matkovic (U. of Florida), N. Caldwell (Smithsonian Institution), J. Lucey (University of Durham): “Expanding the Spectroscopic Completeness of the Coma Cluster with Hectospec”

D. Stern (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.), M. Brodwin (Jet Propulsion MMT-TBD 3 Laboratory), M. Brown (Princeton U.), R. Cool (G) (Steward Observatory), A. Dey (NOAO), P. Eisenhardt (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), V. Gorjian (California Institute of Technology), B. Jannuzi (NOAO): “A Complete Sample of Mid-IR Selected AGN”

U.S. Thesis Programs

H. Jacobson (T), C. Pilachowski (Indiana U.), E. Friel (NSF), A. Szentgyorgyi (Harvard- MMT 1.5 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Study of open clusters in the apparent abundance transition zone Rgc ~10 kpc”

MMT – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

V. Kulkarni (U. of South Carolina), D. York (U. of Chicago), P. Khare (Utkal University): “The MMT 3 Nature of Dusty Damped Lyman-alpha Absorption Systems”

S. Majewski, R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), P. Guhathakurta (UC Santa Cruz), P. Frinchaboy (U. MMT 3 of Wisconsin Madison), J. Kalirai (UC Santa Cruz), R. Beaton (U) (U. of Virginia), K. Gilbert (G) (UC Santa Cruz): “Exploring the Newly Discovered Halo of M31”

L. Stanghellini (NOAO), L. Magrini (Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica), E. Villaver (STScI): MMT 0.5 “Search for Metallicity Gradients in M33 through Hectospec Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae”

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), S. Aigrain (University of Exeter), J. Irwin (G), S. Hodgkin MMT 2 (University of Cambridge), L. Hebb (U. of St. Andrews): “Dynamical Masses of New Young Low-Mass Eclipsing Binaries”

U.S. Thesis Programs

H. Jacobson (T), C. Pilachowski (Indiana U.), E. Friel (NSF), A. Szentgyorgyi (Harvard- MMT 1.5 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Study of open clusters in the apparent abundance transition zone Rgc ~10 kpc”

E-33 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2007

W.M. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II

Keck – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

J. Bechtold (Steward Observatory), B. Jannuzi (NOAO): “The IGM and the Distribution of Keck-II 1 Galaxies at z~1”

A. Cole, E. Skillman (U. of Minnesota), J. Gallagher (U. of Wisconsin Madison), M. Irwin Keck-II 1 (University of Cambridge), A. Saha (NOAO), E. Tolstoy (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute): “Metallicity Distribution of Red Giants in the Unique Local Group Galaxy Leo A”

A. Shapley (Princeton U.), A. Coil (Steward Observatory): “Chemical Abundances in Star- Keck-II 2 forming Galaxies at z~1.0-1.5”

B. Wakker (U. of Wisconsin Madison), D. York (U. of Chicago), T. Beers (Michigan State U.), Keck-I 1 R. Wilhelm (Texas Technical University), J. Barentine (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Howk (U. of Notre Dame), P. Richter (Universitat Bonn): “Distances to High-velocity Clouds”

J. Winn (MIT), J. Johnson (G) (UC Berkeley): “Measurement of Spin-Orbit Alignment for Two Keck-I 2 New Exoplanets”

Keck – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

G. Bakos, G. Torres, A. Sozzetti, D. Latham, R. Noyes, D. Sasselov (Harvard-Smithsonian Keck-I 1.5 Center for Astrophysics): “Confirmation spectroscopy of HATNet transiting exoplanet candidates using Keck-I/HIRES”

C. Papovich (University of Arizona), G. Rudnick (NOAO), P. van Dokkum (Yale U.), C. Keck-I 1 Willmer (University of Arizona), T. Webb (McGill University), M. Damen (G) (Leiden University), M. Dickinson (NOAO), E. Egami (University of Arizona), M. Franx (Leiden University), D. Marcillac (University of Arizona), N. Reddy (NOAO), G. Rieke, M. Rieke (University of Arizona), E. Taylor (G) (Leiden University), B. Weiner (University of Arizona): “Redshift Survey of 24-detected Massive Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3”

M. Showalter (SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center), I. De Pater (UC Berkeley), H. Keck-II 2 Hammel (Space Science Institute): “Uranian Moons and Faint Rings at Ring Plane Crossing”

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), S. Mohanty (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Keck-I 0.5 Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “Calibration of Spectral Modeling Techniques for Determining Fundamental Properties of Young Brown Dwarfs”

B. Wakker (U. of Wisconsin Madison), D. York (U. of Chicago), T. Beers (Michigan State U.), Keck-I 1 R. Wilhelm (Texas Technical University), J. Barentine (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Howk (U. of Notre Dame), P. Richter (Universitat Bonn): “Distances to high-velocity clouds”

E-34 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2007 A/B

Magellan Telescopes

Magellan – Semester 2007A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs Tel. Nights

A. Crotts (Columbia U.), B. Sugerman (STScI), S. Lawrence (Hofstra University), S. Heathcote Magellan-II 1 (SOAR), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.): “The Formation of Supernova Remnant 1987A”

U.S. Thesis Programs

J. Meiring (T), V. Kulkarni (U. of South Carolina), J. Lauroesch (U. of Louisville), C. P’Eroux Magellan-II 2 (ESO), P. Khare (Utkal University), A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “Are Sub-Damped Lyman-(alpha) Absorbers Reservoirs of the “Missing Metals”?”

G. Ruchti (T), J. Fulbright, R. Wyse (Johns Hopkins U.): “Elemental Abundances of Metal-Poor Magellan-II 2 Thick Disk RAVE Stars”

Magellan – Semester 2007B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs Tel. Nights

U.S. Thesis Programs

D. Hogg, M. Blanton (NYU), D. Eisenstein, A. Coil, R. Cool (T) (University of Arizona), S. Magellan-I 2 Burles (MIT), A. Bolton, D. Finkbeiner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Bernstein, T. McKay (U. of Michigan): “PRIMUS: 100,000 galaxy redshifts in Spitzer fields”

J. Meiring (T), V. Kulkarni (U. of South Carolina), D. York (U. of Chicago), C. Peroux (ESO), J. Magellan-II 3 Lauroesch (U. of Louisville), P. Khare (Utkal University), A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “How much of the ‘missing metals’ are hidden in sub-DLA absorbers?”

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APPENDIX F NEW ORGANIZATIONAL PARTNERS AND COLLABORATIONS IN FY07

New Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ Vanderbilt University/Fisk University – Partnership to establish joint program to enhance graduate opportunities for minority students (including PAARE proposal)

ƒ South Carolina State University – Partnership to establish joint mentoring program for minority undergraduate and graduate students (including PAARE proposal)

Renewed Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ None for FY07

Ongoing Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ Dark Energy Survey (DES) Consortium – CTIO/Data Products Program Partnership: www.darkenergysurvey.org/

ƒ Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Corporation, Inc.: www.lsst.org/About/LSSTcorp.shtml

ƒ Instrumentation collaborations with the University of Florida, Space Telescope Science Institute, and Goddard Space Flight Center

ƒ Small and Medium Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) – CTIO Partnership: www.astro.yale.edu/smarts/

ƒ National Virtual Observatory – Data Products Program Partnership

ƒ University of Maryland – KPNO Partnership

ƒ Clemson University – KPNO Partnership (Mayall Telescope)

ƒ University of Illinois – CTIO Partnership (Blanco Telescope)

ƒ Yonsei University – CTIO Partnership (Blanco Telescope)

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APPENDIX G ACTIVITIES ENCOURAGING DIVERSITY WITHIN NOAO

NOAO continues to foster, encourage, and enhance geographic, gender, ethnic, and racial diversity among its employees in promoting astronomical research. The following includes various highlights in the FY07 Affirmative Action Plan (1 August 2006 through 31 July 2007):

ƒ A diverse mix of 44 new staff members was hired in FY07, comprising 22 women (50%) and 4 minority group members (4%).

ƒ Women or minorities accounted for 25% of staff promotions.

ƒ In order to accommodate the particular requirements of dual-career scientific couples, NOAO opened up one position at NOAO South and accommodated a dual-career scientific couple’s transfer.

ƒ We continue to update the approved policies and procedures manual for language and content supporting increased diversity.

ƒ NOAO staff participated in job fairs, career days, and public outreach programs specifically addressing the needs of minority group members, as well as those within the nearby Native American community, disadvantaged students, and local community.

ƒ We continued our practice of involving a diverse group of individuals in all search committees and other recruitment practices.

ƒ We continued to accommodate staff members with temporary or long-term disabilities.

ƒ NOAO continued our affirmative action, equal employment opportunity, and Native American preference programs as outlined in our annual Affirmative Action Plan documents. Also, NOAO actively recruited women and candidates from under-represented minorities with all positions.

ƒ Continued membership in the Southern Arizona Indian Workforce Development Council (SAIWDC), an advisory body providing employment consultation as well as other programs and activities to the Tucson Indian Center. Attended the SAIWDC quarterly meetings.

ƒ Recognizing the diversity of staff members, and understanding that family circumstances may vary among individuals, NOAO introduced a new Domestic Partner Benefits policy to its employees.

ƒ Staff attended a conference to enhance future recruitment for the KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) NSF program.

ƒ NOAO staff participated in training programs, seminars, conferences and on-site training to enhance the quality of employee skills.

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APPENDIX H FOURTH QUARTER SITE SAFETY REPORT

OSHA Recordable Occupational Injuries, Illnesses and Other Incidentsg

ƒ July 19, a Tucson employee dropped a box of paper on a hand dolly causing the dolly to leverage forward. The handle struck the top of the employee’s head causing a laceration that required sutures. The employee missed one day of work and the sutures were removed the following week. This case will be considered an OSHA recordable case due to the sutures and lost time.

ƒ July 2, while a WIYN employee attempted to take up a small preload on the lift rigging for the removal of a component that was bolted to the telescope, the lift control pendant stuck in “slow.” Before the employee could get off the lift, cut power to the unit and stop it by activating the “down” button, the hoist took maximum load to the point of maximum load cutout. After investigation, it was found that the electrical contacts in the pendant were corroded. The pendant was replaced.

ƒ The “Alambre” wildfire was reported on July 7, 2007, at approximately 1:30 P.M. as burning in the Baboquivari Mountains south of the Kitt Peak National Observatory. Using the guidelines in the NSO/NOAO Contingency Plan, we successfully executed our communication strategy and necessary actions to prepare for the worst, while cooperating with the Type 2 East/Southeast Incident management team. During the fire, over 424 personnel, 12 hand crews, 14 engines, 2 dozers, 5 helicopters, and at least 4 aircraft were deployed. As many as 10 fire response teams (50 firefighters) worked on Kitt Peak to remove underbrush and extend the defensible space around buildings beyond what was done previously in 2003.

Kitt Peak resumed daytime operations on July 12 and telescopes reopened the evening of July 13. The fire was declared 100% contained on July 14 and the mountain reopened to the general public on July 15. Over 7,267 acres were burned, and we are grateful that there were no injuries or property damage reported by Kitt Peak staff and the firefighting personnel. For more information see the September 2007 “NOAO/NSO Newsletter.” NOAO, NSO, and KPNO thank all those involved for their actions in response to the Alambre Wildfire.

ƒ After the fire, Kitt Peak was deluged with rains. On July 22, a rockslide was reported on Highway 386 near mile marker 6. ADOT crews worked almost all week using heavy equipment to break up and remove the rockslide from the road.

ƒ During excavation and removal of the block wall at the parking lot behind DMAC on July 25, the contractors struck a gas line that was buried about 3 inches below the surface. The contractor immediately contacted Southwest Gas. Personnel from Southwest Gas evacuated the lines, and CFO staff helped the contractors remove the line and meter.

g Site safety reports for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fiscal quarters are published in the respective NOAO Quarterly Reports.

H-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY07

ƒ On August 10, while installing the WIYN tertiary A-Frame, an employee suffered pinched fingers. Due to a miscommunication, the telescope raised, which was not expected; the employee tried to hang on to the end of the strap and fingers were pinched between the strap and the port metal where the straps feed through. Others arrested the movement of the telescope, attached a chain hoist and secured the telescope. Procedures will be reviewed to prevent recurrence. This case did not require medical attention and is considered a first aid.

Safety and Health

ƒ Risk management advice was provided during WIYN shutdown preplanning meetings including chemical use for cleaning mirrors and ancillary equipment, critical lifting procedures for the elevation drives segments, and lifting procedures.

ƒ Two ergonomic studies were provided this quarter.

ƒ Tucson elevators were inspected on July 25.

ƒ Two AED (Automated External Defibrillator) have been placed at the Tucson facility and in the La Quinta offices.

ƒ Risk management suggestions and overview were provided during the preplanning meetings and the movement of NEWFIRM to the basement clean room on August 13.

ƒ Tucson first aid kits were inspected in August. Risk Management worked with the vendor to locate the kits on a map and will be establishing a numbering system for the next time they inspect the kits.

ƒ Life Safety Code review was provided for CTIO related to suggested modifications to their library.

Fire Protection and Prevention

ƒ J. Dunlop and C. Gessner compiled a “lessons learned” list as a result of the Alambre Fire and presented the list to the KPNO Thursday morning meeting on August 9 and at the September management committee meeting.

ƒ The primary telephone line for the Tucson fire alarm system failed in August. Repairs were coordinated with Central Alarm and Quest.

Insurance

ƒ Deborah Narcisso submitted a letter that reaffirms Chuck Gessner as the AURA Insurance Program Administrator, giving him full authorization to bind insurance coverage, and to authorize payment for coverage and services on behalf of AURA Corporation.

ƒ Insurance was bound for all AURA policies, as well as LSST, WIYN, SOAR, and Chile local admitted policies.

ƒ Insurance was obtained for the WIYN telescope mirror during the re aluminizing at the summer shutdown.

H-2 FOURTH QUARTER SITE SAFETY REPORT

Security

ƒ An abandoned golf cart was discovered in the NOAO Tucson main parking lot. The police were notified, and they took the cart to the police station.

ƒ A meeting with Homeland Security personnel was held in the MCR on July 23. They mainly discussed the enhancements related to border security in southern Arizona and the minor effects to our operations on Kitt Peak.

ƒ J. Dunlop and C. Gessner prepared a cost estimate for the installation and maintenance of a Keyscan system at Gemini’s computer room at Hilo.

ƒ A cost estimate was provided to install Keyscan card systems on the Tucson clean rooms and the flex rig.

Other Activities

ƒ C. Gessner participated and provided coaching at the Gemini Management Retreat, Landmark Education Business Development program, 11–14 July. The program is designed to expand a participant’s natural capacity for leadership, communication skills, and effectiveness in working as part of a team-based organization. It presented new approaches for thinking and for relating to people and situations to generate opportunities and results beyond what is seen as currently possible in the participant’s work. The promises of the program included: “You will transform your view of what is possible for you as part of a powerful, dynamic, team based organization.” “You will expand your natural capacity for leadership, and expand your ability to work with others in a way that elicits cooperation, the spirit of partnership, and committed action.” “You will be effective in communicating with others and be enabled in expressing yourself, your thinking and your ideas.” “You will have an alteration in your relationships at work and an expansion of your satisfaction in being at work.” “You will challenge conventional perspectives and decision-making patterns and develop new tools, even new uses of language, for affecting significant change.” The bottom line promise is you will transform who you are being at work.

ƒ C. Gessner is the first president of the local chapter of the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) to submit an application for The Chapter Stars Recognition Program (CSRP) to National ASSE. The award is intended to recognize Chapters that give their members superior service by providing quality programs designed to advance the professional growth of their members, support the mission and vision of ASSE, and make a positive impact on the people, property, and environment in their community.

H-3