The Reunification of China: Peace Through War Under the Song Dynasty Peter Lorge Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08475-9 - The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty Peter Lorge Index More information

Index

Alexander the Great, 281 Changzhou, 82 An Lushan Rebellion, 41 Chanyuan, 4, 6–7, 9, 11–12, 15, 17–20, Ancestral Rules, 38 153, 238–9, 244–5, 247, 262–4, Anguozhen, 235 266–75, 277, 286 Anyang River, 99 Chanyuan Covenant, 4, 6–7, 9, 11, 15, 18–20, autumn defense, 256, 262 30–3, 41, 43, 225, 238–9, 244–5, 247, 269–70, 272–5, 277 Bagongyuan, 51 Chen Feng, 38–9 Bai Jiyun, 233 Chen Hongjin, 190 Bai River, 204 Chen Qiao, 173, 176 Bai Zhongzan, 51 Chen Shiqing, 230 Baidimiao, 145 Chen Yaosou, 264 Baigou River, 217 Chengdu, 146, 225, 227–32, 234 Baitian, 161 Chengtian, 18 Baozhou, 245, 265 Chengzhou, 63 Battle of Gaoping, 32, 38, 48, 71, 100 Chiang Kai-shek, 35 Battle of Wangdu, 257 Chinese Ways in War,41 Bazhou, 231 Chizhou, 170–1 Beiping Fort, 265 Chu, 119, 121–4, 126, 128, 131, Beizhou, 266 236, 265 Bi Shi’an, 264 Chu Zhaofu, 166–7 Bian Canal, 92 Chuzhou, 79, 84, 93 Bian Hao, 89 Cizhou, 50 Bian River, 90–1, 98 Clausewitz, 271 Biankou, 95 Comprehensive Mirror Bozhou, 221 Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Governing, 26–8, 34 Cai River, 118 Caishi, 168, 172, 175 Dahui Fort, 109 Caishiji, 171 Daizhou, 60, 219, 221 Cangzhou, 98, 244 Daming, 156, 197 Cao Bin, 137, 145–6, 149, 169–72, Damingfu, 197 174–5, 179, 186, 190, 193, 208–9, Dangtu, 171 214–19 David Curtis Wright, 42, 272, 274, 276 Cao Han, 87, 179, 203 Davis, Richard, 31, 40 Cao Keming, 226 Dechong, 209 Cao Liyong, 268–9, 271 Defang, 182–3, 186, 188, 201, 204 Cao River, 98, 222 Deming, 209 Cao Xi, 231, 235 Deng Xiaonan, 38 Chai Rong, 45 Dezhao, 140, 142, 166–7, 177, 183, 186, Changchengkou, 222, 254 188, 195–6, 201, 205 Changping, 109 Di Shouxun, 107

293

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08475-9 - The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty Peter Lorge Index More information

294 Index

Dingyuan, 78 ghost arrows, 199 Dingzhou,195,199,219,247,250–2, Golden Casket Pledge, 166, 207 259–60, 263–5 Gongdi, 101 Disaster of the Jiankang Period, 33 Governor of Kaifeng, 186, 208, Discussions on the Song,34 220 Dissolving military power over a cup of Great Kitan, 209 wine, 114, 156 Great Wall, 33–4 Dong Zunhui, 156 Gu’an, 199, 215, 217–18 Donglinsi, 179 Guan River, 94 Dowager Empress Xiao, 209, 249, 263 Guang’anjun, 233 Dragon boats, 169 Guangmei, 166–7, 183 Duke of Fuling County, 209 Guangzhou, 141, 159 Guannan, 14, 98–9, 101, 197, 199–202, Empress Song, 182 204, 244, 249, 268–9, 271–3 Empress Xiao, 209 Guianzhen, 96 Erke Paian Dunqi,36 Guizhou, 121, 141, 159, 208 Ezhou, 171 Gujun, 204 Guo Chong, 106–7 Fan Aineng, 51–2, 54–5, 251 Guo Jin, 156 Fan Ruobing, 168 Guo Wei, 45, 47–8, 54, 57, 85, 103–4 Fan Tingzhao, 252 Guo Yanwei, 91 Fan Zhi, 100, 106 Guo Zai, 227 Fan Zuyu, 4–5 Fang Cheng-hua, 31, 37, 42 Han Derang, 209, 214 Fang Hao, 36 Han Dewei, 242 Fangzhou, 209 Han Lingkun, 55–6, 105, 115–16 Fei River, 80 Han Qi, 268 Feihu, 215–17 Han Tong, 56, 63, 98, 100–2, 104–5 Fen River, 153–4 Han Zhongyun, 117, 156 Feng and Shan sacriﬁces, 211, 277, 286 Hanzhou, 227 Feng Dao, 47 Haozhou, 85, 89, 91–3 Feng Jiye, 155 Hartwell, Robert, 24, 40 Feng Zheng, 268 He Chengju, 244 Fengxiang, 233 He Hui, 51–2, 54–5, 251 Fengzhou, 63, 66–7, 210, 234 He River, 159 Fenyin, 277 Hezhou, 158–9 Five Dynasties, 4, 6 Hu Zhengwei, 231 Franke, Herbert, 41 Huai River, 61, 74, 76, 78–9, 81, 84, 90, 93, Fu Qian, 250–2 95, 118 Fu River, 231 Huainan, 75, 77, 81, 86, 89, 92, 95, 98, Fu Yanqing, 99, 106, 117, 134–5, 155 101, 105, 111 fubing,54 Huaizhou, 50 Fujian, 190 Huang Chao Rebellion, 41 Fuzhou, 158 Huang K’uan-Chung, 114 Huang K’uan-chung, 40 Gao Baorong, 96, 122 Huang Zongxi, 34 Gao Baoxu, 122–3 huangdi,15 Gao Huaide, 105–6, 110, 115, 155, 166, Huangfu Jixun, 173 186, 206 Huangling, 84, 174 Gao Jichong, 123 Huanzhou, 215, 219 Gao Qiong, 267–8, 286 Huizhou, 241 Gaoliang River, 195, 197, 199 Hukou, 174–5 Gaoping, 45, 48, 50, 53–61, 63, 65, 68, Huoshan, 197 104, 113, 251 Hushan, 218 Gaoyangguan, 251–2, 254, 259 hydraulic defenses, 245

Index 295

Imperial Guard, 48, 53–6, 61, 105, 115–16, Lamouroux, Christian, 129 119 Langshan, 222 iron luohan, 179 Langzhou, 124, 231 Later Han, 103, 200 Jialingjiangkou, 233 Later Jin, 200 Jiameng, 231 Later Zhou, 4, 7, 10, 14, 16, 22, 25, 41, 45, Jiang Fucong, 36, 132, 135, 164, 166–7 47, 50, 53, 104, 139–40, 200 Jiangbei, 82, 86 Later Zhou Dynasty, 4 Jiangnan, 92, 94, 168 Lau Nap-Yin, 114, 117, 129, 220, 238 Jiangzhou, 179 Lee Tsong-han, 26–8 Jianmen, 145 Leping, 137 Jianzhou, 228, 230, 233 Leung Wai Kee, 125–6, 149 Jiaozhou, 203 Li Chongju, 141, 165 Jiazhou, 147 Li Chuyun, 124 Jie Shouyong, 233 Li Deming, 81–3, 86, 243 Jiezhou, 63 Li Fu, 178 Jiju River, 204 Li Gu, 77–8, 89 Jin, 9–10, 14, 20, 61, 272 Li Huaizhong, 178 Jing Da, 85, 89, 91 Li Jilong, 267 Jingnan, 96, 119, 121–4, 127–8, 131, 170 Li Jipeng, 211, 240, 242 Jingzhou, 121 Li Jiqian, 211, 216, 224–5, 240–2, 247, Jingzong, 209 256, 262 Jinling, 82, 91–3, 170–6, 264, 267 Li Jixun, 55 Jinzhou, 50 Li Qian, 55–6 Jiu Wudai Shi, 103 Li Qianpu, 156 Jizhou, 201, 203, 266 Li River, 172 Juma River, 218 Li Shun, 225, 227–33, 235 Junziguan, 221 Li Tao, 26, 28, 125–6, 182–3 Jurchen, 25, 29, 32–3, 178, 239 Li Tianming, 40 Jurchen Jin, 25, 29 Li Yixing, 240 Li Yu, 96 Kaifeng, 1, 4, 6, 16, 29, 50, 61, 63, 78, Li Yun, 49, 106–7, 109–10, 112, 138 82–4, 86, 91, 94–6, 112, 119, 121, Li Zhongjin, 48, 51, 54–7, 71, 78, 85–9, 91, 135, 141, 144, 146–8, 161–2, 165–6, 100–2, 104–7, 110, 112–13 175, 177–8, 195, 240, 266, 268, 272 Liang Tianxi, 40 Kaijian Fort, 159 Liangmen, 256 Kaizhou, 233 Lianhuafeng Mountain, 160 Kelanjun, 265 Lianzhou, 159 King of Guangping Commandery, 209 Liao empire, 3, 9, 14 King of Jiangnan, 94 Liaoshi, 104, 139–40, 271 King of Jin, 166, 178 Liaozhou, 131, 138, 143 King of Wei, 209 Lin Ruihan, 37 King of Xia, 240 Lingqiu, 216–17 Kingdom of Jiangnan, 168 Lingzhou, 242 Kitan, 6, 9 Liu Chong, 45, 48, 50–2, 54, 59 Koryo, 237, 247, 272 Liu Ci, 51–2 Kou Zhun, 30, 234, 236, 239, 264, 267–8, Liu Guangyi, 145–6 273, 276 Liu Jingzhen, 37, 182, 185, 208, 210 Kuangyi, 132–5, 137, 140–1, 157–8, 162–7, Liu Jiyuan, 152, 192 177–8, 182 Liu Jun, 151 Kuhn, Dieter, 39 Liu Renshan, 84, 89–90, 93 Kuizhou, 233 Liu Renzhan, 81 Liu Xi, 209 Labadie, John, 20, 41 Liuhe, 83 Lajiang, 144 Longtou, 160

296 Index

Longwan Dike, 201 Palace Corps, 48, 51, 53, 55, 57, 105–6, Lu Bin, 229–30, 232 110, 115–16, 119 Lu Duan, 236 Pan Chongche, 159–60 Lu Duosun, 158, 164–6, 174, 186, 205–8 Pan Mei, 158, 160–1, 170, 172, 186, 198, Lu Qiuzhong, 109 204, 215–17, 219 Lu Yuqing, 141, 165 Pei Zhuang, 226 Luoyang, 109, 177–9, 183 Peicun, 252 Luzhou, 50, 109, 151, 153 Pengzhou, 227 Pingxiang, 171 Majing, 160 pontoon bridge, 78–9, 84–5, 91 Mancheng, 197, 222, 224, 254 Puzhou, 147 Manchu, 34 Mandate of Heaven, 5, 34, 42, 47, 80, 109, Qian Ruoshui, 232 200, 268 Qianlong, 185 Mao Zedong, 35 Qidan Guozhi, 140 Meizhou, 233 Qigou, 215 Mi Xin, 216–19 Qigouguan, 194, 218, 221 Mianzhou, 229, 231 Qin Chuanxu, 233 Min River, 118 Qing dynasty, 29, 34 Ming Qing River, 92 Ming dynasty, 33–6 Qingli Reforms, 30 Ming dynasty, 33, 36 Qingshanzhen, 231 Mingzhou, 248 Qingyuan, 204 Mongols, 33 Qingyuanjun, 242 Mostern, Ruth, 42 Qinhuai River, 172 Mote, Frederic, 274 Qinzhou, 63, 66–7 Mozhou, 98, 201, 252, 254, 265 Qiongzhou, 235 Mt. Niutou, 229 Qizhou, 222 Mt. Xueshe, 235 Quan Shixiong, 147, 227, 230 Murong Yanzhao, 55–6, 102, 105–6, 115–16, 122, 124 Rossabi, Morris, 274 Muzong, 60, 88, 140, 152 Runzhou, 174

Naito Torajiro [Konan], 40 Sanjiangkou, 124 Nantai River, 84 Sanjiaokou, 197 Napoleon, 281 Schwarz-Schilling, Christian, 274 national humiliation, 236, 238–9 Shaduiyi, 222 naval, 76, 78, 90, 95, 98, 113, 119, 168, 171 Shangguan Zheng, 228, 230 Neo-Confucianism, 28 Shanmen Island, 209 New Policies, 31, 38 Shaozhou, 159–60 Ng, On-cho, 26, 28, 36 Shen Yilun, 166, 186 Nie Chongchi, 36 Shengzong, 18, 140, 209, 221–2, 224, 245, Ningzhou, 98 249, 252, 254, 256–7, 262, 265–6, North River, 159–60 269–70, 272 Northern Han, 3–4, 6–8, 11, 13, 15–17, Shenzong 20, 45, 47–8, 50–4, 59–62, 65–6, 74, Song Shenzong, 31–3, 38 79, 98–9, 102, 104, 107, 109–10, Shi Jingtang, 14, 187, 200, 268 126–9, 131, 136–8, 140, 143–4, Shi Pu, 265 149–56, 158, 161–2, 167, 170, Shi Shouxin, 105, 115–17, 155, 166 176–7, 180, 187–90, 192–3, 196, Shi Xizai, 207 199, 202–5, 214 Shi Yanchao, 51 north-ﬁrst, 61 Shiling Pass, 192 Shipaizhen, 171 Opium War, 35 Shizong, 45, 47–63, 65–9. See Zhou Ouyang Xiu, 26, 31–3, 103–4, 200 Shizong

Index 297

Shouchun, 118 Su Han, 228, 230 Shouzhou, 74, 76, 78, 80–5, 88–91, 93–4 Suicheng, 197, 222, 245, 247, 249, 251, Shu, 47, 62–3, 65–71, 74, 79, 91, 96, 254, 257, 260, 264 98, 131, 142–6, 148–9, 151, 162, Sun Sheng, 81, 86–7 169, 175, 217, 225–7, 230, 234–6, Sunzi, 204 265 Sushui Jiwen,26 Shuangliu, 235 Shuangnu Mountain, 160 Taihang Mountains, 109, 265 Shucheng, 95 Taiping Guangji, 185 Shugang, 82 Taiping Yulan, 185 Shui-lung Tsang, 41 Taipingyi, 109 Shuliukou, 98 Taiyuan, 48, 50, 59–61, 110, 131, 152–5, Shun’an, 254 158, 181, 190, 192–3, 196, 203, Shun’anjun, 265 214 Shuozhou, 215 Taizhou, 82, 256 Shuying Palisade, 264 Taizong, 22, 24, 29, 31–2, 36, 43–4, 117, Shuzhou, 235 125, 128–9, 185–97, 199, 201–10, Sichuan, 60–1, 63, 68, 146–7, 149 212, 214–21, 223–8, 232, 234–6, Sick Dragon Terrace, 99 241–2, 244, 250, 252, 261–2, 278, Sima Guang, 26–8, 32, 37, 102–4, 116, 280, 282, 284–6 125, 277 Song Taizong, 2, 8–9, 11–14, 16–17, 20 Sixteen Prefectures, 3, 6–9, 11, 13–14, 16–17, Taizu, 104–7, 109–20, 122–37, 139–44, 20, 22, 25, 29, 32, 61–2, 65, 97, 99, 101, 146–57, 161–70, 174–83, 185–91, 125, 138, 158, 167, 176, 187, 189, 193, 193, 195–6, 202–3, 205–8, 210, 214, 200–4, 210, 212–13, 221, 237, 249–50, 219, 225, 228 261, 268, 270–2, 274, 282–3 Song Taizu, 2–4, 7–8, 10–13, 17, 19, 24, Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun, 6 33, 41, 43 Sizhou, 92, 112 Tang River, 222, 260, 264–5 Snowy night consultation with [Zhao] Pu, Tangut, 211 125 Xi Xia, 30 Song Minqiu, 203 Tanguts, 239, 241–2, 244 Song Qiqiu, 85 Tangxing, 264 Song Taizong, 1, 4, 69, 72, 87, 117, 279 Tanzhou, 122 Taizong, 185, 191, 194, 199, 201, 206 Tao Gu, 158 Song Taizu, 1–2, 4, 6, 13, 20, 23, 25, 29, Tao Jingshen, 275 31, 36, 38, 76, 102, 104, 108, 111, The Comprehensive Mirror,62–3 113–14, 121, 194, 278, 281, 284 The Long Draft of the Continued Zhao Kuangyin, 45, 52, 60–2, 69 Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Song Zhenzong, 1 Governing,26 Zhenzong, 238 The Old History of the Five Dynasties,62 Songjong, 247 Three Gorges, 96 Songshi, 277 Tian Min, 259–60 Songshi Jishi Benmo,40 Tian Xi, 205–6 south first, north later, 125 Tian Zhong, 55–6 Southern Han, 124, 128, 131, 157–62, Tian Zhongjin, 215–17, 219, 221 167 Tianxiongjun, 250, 266 Southern Song, 9, 26–8 Tillman, Hoyt, 250 Southern Tang, 8, 47, 62–3, 65–73, Tingmei, 117, 186, 188, 201, 206–10 75 –82, 84, 87–8, 91, 94–5, 97, 110, Guangmei, 133, 140 112, 123–4, 126–9, 131, 139, Tongkou, 92 145, 155, 158, 161–2, 167–76, Treaty of Shanyuan. See Chanyuan 179–80 Covenant south-first, 61–2 Tuanbogu, 153 south-first strategy, 4, 7, 125–6, 130, 203 Tudengbao, 221 Standen, Naomi, 33, 35, 42 Tumen, 102

298 Index

Tushan, 79 Xiakou Fort, 170 Twitchett, Denis, 39 Xiang Gong, 186 Xiang Xun, 51, 84 Wang, Q. Edward, 26, 28 Xiao Talin, 264–5, 267 Wang Anshi, 4, 31–2, 38 Xiaolangshanzhai, 222 Wang Chao, 259–60, 264 Xiazhou, 121, 242 Wang Fuzhi, 34–5, 164 Xie Zhen, 195 Wang Gungwu, 41, 275 Xifangxi, 233 Wang Jien, 182, 225, 227–8, 231–2, Xijinkou, 233 234–6 Xin Wudai Shi, 103 Wang Jizhong, 247, 258–60, 265–6, 276 Xincheng, 215–17 Wang Ming, 138 Xinle, 222 Wang Mingsun, 15 Xinlin Fort, 172 Wang Pu, 7–8, 22, 61–2, 66, 74, 77, 100, Xinzhou, 60, 198 106, 125 Xiongzhou, 160, 197, 200, 217 Wang Qinruo, 264 Xishan, 197 Wang Quanbin, 137, 145, 147–9, 163, 179, Xishan Pass, 98 281 Xiu Ge, 195, 201 Wang Shenqi, 105–6, 115, 117, 155, Xixing, 215 166 Xu Rivers, 224 Wang Xian, 254 Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian, 182 Wang Xiaopo, 225, 227, 229, 234 Xue Juzheng, 103–4, 141, 165–6, Wang Yingchang, 267 186, 190 Wang Zengyü, 40 Wang Zhengnan, 34 Yang Guang, 228 Wangdu county, 259 Yang Gun, 48, 51–2, 59–60 Waqiaoguan, 98–9, 200, 218 Yang Qiong, 235 War elephants, 160 Yang Shifan, 123 warships, 79, 92–3, 144, 159, 169, Yang Xiong, 4 172, 175 Yang Yi, 167 Wei Renpu, 100 Yangzhou, 82–4, 93, 101–2, 104–5, Wei Shaoqin, 235 111–12 Weilujun, 224, 265 Yangzi, 76, 82–3, 93–6, 98, 168, 170–1, Weiwu City, 66–7 175, 178–9, 232 Weizhou, 216–17 Yangzi River, 121, 143, 168 Wenyuan Yinghua, 185 Yanjing, 32, 194, 252 West Mountain, 254 Yankouzhai, 231 West River, 148, 159 Yanmen, 198, 215 White Armor Armies, 84 Yanmenguan, 190 White, Hayden, 23 Yanzhou, 199, 201, 204, 249, 262 Wokou, 84, 91 Yellow River, 95, 109, 162, 211, 267–8 Worthy, Edmund, 24, 40, 53, 59, 62, 100, Yelü Pode, 218 114, 126, 135 Yelü Sha, 195 Wright, David, 42, 272, 274, 276 Yelü Weizhi, 215 Wu Yanrou, 159 Yelü Xiuge, 215–16, 224, 247 Wu Yuanzai, 227 Yi River, 218 Wuhu, 171 Yijin Pass, 139 Wuyue, 82, 172–3 Yijinguan, 98, 222 Wuzhang, 118 Yin Jilun, 224 Wuzhang Canal, 98 Yingluan, 113 Wuzhang River, 118 Yingzhou, 98, 160, 216, 247, 252, 265 Yinzhou, 241 Xi Xia, 21, 30, 32–3, 38, 211, 240, 247, Yizhou, 218, 221–2, 224, 234 254, 256, 262, 273 Youzhou, 99, 138, 156, 194–6, 201, 203, Xiacaizhen, 79, 85 212, 214, 216–18, 222

Index 299

Yuan Shu, 27 186–7, 203, 205–9, 214, 219, 281–2, Yuan Yan, 106–7 285 Yuanxi, 220 Zhao Yanhui, 105 Yuezhou, 124 Zhaozhou, 159 Yunzhou, 216 Zhending, 152, 251 Zhendingfu, 192 zai de, bu zai xian, 178 zhengtong, 5, 34, 200 Zezhou, 50, 108–10, 206 Zhengyang, 78 Zhakou, 160 Zhenhuaijun, 91 Zhang Bin, 254 zhentu, 138, 197 Zhang Guanghan, 105 Zhenzhou, 193, 199 Zhang Ji, 173, 232 Zhenzong, 30, 44, 117, 129, 163, 183, Zhang Jixian, 204 236–9, 244–5, 247, 249–52, 254, 256, Zhang Lingduo, 105–6, 115, 117 258, 261–2, 264, 266–71, 275–7, 279, Zhang Min, 259 281–6 Zhang Qifan, 54, 57 Song Zhenzong, 3–4, 6, 9, 11–12, 14, 16, Zhang Sanfeng, 34 18–20 Zhang Shun, 55–6 zhongwen qingwu,36 Zhang Wenbiao, 123 Zhou, 45, 47–70 Zhang Yong, 229–30, 234–5 Zhou Baoquan, 123–4 Zhang Yongde, 51–2, 55–7, 83, 85, 88, 95, Zhou Shizong, 4, 8, 13–14, 41, 71, 77, 89, 100, 110, 186 92, 97, 101, 107, 113, 117, 120, 125, Zhang Yu, 232, 235 130, 168, 184, 190, 194, 196, 204, Zhang Yuanhui, 51–2 244, 251, 272, 279 Zhao Changyan, 226, 234–5 Chai Rong, 45, 49, 62, 64 Zhao Ding, 56 Zhou Taizu, 71 Zhao Hongyin, 56 Zhou Xingfeng, 122 Zhao Kuangyi, 106, 115, 117 Zhu Xi, 28 Zhao Kuangyin, 45, 52–4, 56–8, 63, 67–8, Zhuo River, 216 79, 83, 85, 90, 92, 100, 102, 104, 111. Zhuozhou, 194, 215, 217–18, 222, 224 See Song Taizu Zijin Mountain, 84, 89–90 Zhao Pian, 163, 165 Zitong, 228–30, 232, 234 Zhao Pu, 7–8, 22, 36, 61, 85, 106, 112, Zitong River, 229 115–16, 125–6, 132–5, 140–2, 149, Zizhou, 146, 227 153, 156, 158, 162–8, 175, 177, 183, zuzong zhi fa,38