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Download Article Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 310 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019) “Pipa in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” in Music Pictures Xiao Wang College of Music Sichuan Normal University Chengdu, China Abstract—This paper tries to analyze the music images of the kingdoms tend to uphold the concept of "keeping the people at five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms through the combination of ease" and "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing military historical facts, from the angle of the music images, and briefly Force", kingdoms were basically at peace, and encouraged and discusses the characteristics of the five dynasties and ten urged farmers to plant mulberry trees and raise silkworms, kingdoms pipa. This paper probes into the scope of application, built and repaired water conservancy, attracted business travel. form, playing method in the image data of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, and the position of pipa in the instrumental music of Later, the leader of the northern regime — Taizu of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms post-Zhou Dynasty led the troops to destroy the Han Dynasty and establish the kingdom, and after the succession of Shizong Keywords—Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms; pipa; music Chai Rong, in the course of his subsequent development, he picture ; "Han Xizai’s Night Banquet Picture"; "Chorus Picture"; perfected the law and economic and political system, and Gile stone carving of the Seven Treasure Pagodas in Shanxi constantly expanded the territory of his rule, China, which had Pingshun Dayun Temple; Wang Jian's tomb of former-Shu been divided for a long time, begun to show a trend of reunification. Unfortunately, Shizong died suddenly on the I. INTRODUCTION way to the war, and with it Zhao Kuangyin rebelled, and the The period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms refers to regime of the post-Zhou Dynasty finally went extinct. the 72-year history of 907-979, which is a period in Chinese However, the development of the post-Zhou Dynasty provided history. The history of the five dynasties and ten Kingdoms a good foundation for the establishment of the Song Dynasty, began in 907 AD, when Zhu Quanzhong (Zhu Wen), king of which made the divided China unified again. the Liang Dynasty, usurped the Tang Dynasty. In 979 AD, The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms inherited the Tang after the great army of the northern Song dynasty destroyed the Dynasty and started the Song Dynasty in History, in such an Post Zhou Dynasty- the last of the ten Kingdoms, which is the era of war chaos and all heroes rose together, which retained a end of the history of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms. lot of splendid cultural heritage. This paper tries to select some The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are essentially the of the music images retained during the five dynasties and Ten continuation of separatist regimes by force of Local military Kingdoms period. In this paper, we look for the music pictures governors in late Tang Dynasty and politics in the late Tang of the pipa, observe and analyze these pictures, hoping to see Dynasty some information about the instrument-the pipa, from the pictures at that time, and the musical status of the pipa in the The so-called "Five Dynasties" refer to the five dynastic five dynasties and the details of the development and changes dynasties: the post-Liang Dynasty, the Post-Tang Dynasty, the of the pipa were also observed. Post-Jin Dynasty, the Post-Han Dynasty and the Post-Zhou Dynasty, they are regimes established in the Central Plains. The music pictures left over from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were mainly paintings and sculptures, most of The so-called "Ten Kingdoms" refer to the nine regimes the objects of these works of art were high officials, nobles, established in the south, namely Wu, south-tang, Wu Yue, Chu, emperors, and some of them served religion. Min, South Han, Nanping, former-Shu, post-Shu, add the north Han in the near Shanxi. This paper chooses four picture materials to study, such as "Han Xizai's Night Banquet picture" painted by Gu In the early period of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, the Hongzhong of the southern Tang dynasty, "Chorus picture" regimes changed in the north, together with the invasion of painted by Wu Wenju of the southern Tang dynasty, stone Qidan, which resulted in the continuous war and living on the carving of the Seven Treasure Pagoda in Shanxi Pingshun edge of starvation in the whole northern region. However, after Dayun Temple, 24 Gile stone carving of former-Shu Wang a series of wars, the southern regions formed a relatively stable Jian's tomb in Sichuan. According to the objects of these music situation of separation. In such a political environment, the pictures services and the content they depict, the types of southern regions were in a relatively stable stage of restoration music in which the pipa participates can be divided into two and development, and the political regimes of various categories: Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 353 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 310 Officials, aristocrats, the music used for banquets, that analyze the use of pipa as a musical instrument in the five is, Yan Yue; dynasties and ten kingdoms. Music and dance murals, stone carvings in temples, Finally, from the region of these music images, which, should have a great relationship with Buddhist music. include the Southern Tang dynasty, post-Zhou dynasty, post- Shu dynasty and other places. According to the dominion of From the music type, there is Yan Yue, Buddhist music, these kingdoms at that time, the music pictures selected in this used for entertainment, burial ceremony, religious teachings paper come from the north, south, west and east of today’s spread, and the scope of application is relatively wide. China. Therefore, the application of these pictures to the pipa Referring to the previous studies on the music pictures of instrument can eliminate regional differences and doubts, is the five dynasties and ten kingdoms, there are some cases in more general and more systematic in describing the common which one or two music pictures are selected to study the form, the characteristics of performance, etc. of pipa in various music of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms. In referring to parts of China during the five dynasties and ten kingdoms. these papers, the author has the following questions: such music research is based on individual cases to explore the II. OBJECT ANALYSIS music of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, but can the music pictures from a certain region really represent the music of A. “Han Xizaiun’s Night Banquet Picture” China during the five dynasties and ten kingdoms? Is it “Han Xizaiun’s Night Banquet Picture” in the Southern representative? I think a single picture may have more Tang Dynasty described the scene of Han Xizai’s family limitations. Such limitations include the regional nature of banquet and performing music in a series of long volumes, music, class nature, and so on. according to the sequence of scenes, taking Han Xizai as the Therefore, the reasons for choosing these four pictures for center, it is divided into five paragraphs: "listening to music", the study are as follows: "watching dance", "resting", "blowing clearly", and "banquets", and the artistic conception is precise. The painter took the First, "Han Xizai’s Night Banquet Picture", "Chorus traditional way of composition, but broke the concept of time. Picture" are all paintings from the Southern Tang Dynasty, the The five pictures are absorbed in one effort. The activities stone carvings of the Seven treasure pagodas of Pingshun carried out in different times are organized on a unified picture. Dayun temple are relics of the post-Zhou Dynasty, the first of The whole painting is organized coherent and smoothly, the Xiande, Wang Jian's tomb 24 Gile stone carvings are carved plot is complex, and the characters are numerous. However, on the coffin bed in the mausoleum of former-Su founding the arrangement of the host and guest is orderly, and the emperor of ten kingdoms. These cultural relic pictures are complexity is moderate. Using screens, several cases, closely examined and recognized by scholars as music pictures orchestral instruments, beds and other objects between scenes, of the five dynasties and ten Kingdoms. the painter completed the transition between different scenes, Secondly, "Han Xizaiun’s Night Banquet Picture" and blending time and space without showing signs into one, so "Chorus Picture" describe the scene of banquets and that so that they have not only the connection, but also the entertainments, so we infer that the music in these two groups sense of separation from each other; they can be painted of pictures is Yan Yue. The seven treasure pagodas in independently, and they are also a complete picture. It reflects Pingshun Dayun temple are Buddhist buildings. In addition to the concise technique of Chinese traditional painting. Like the lotus flowers symbolized by Buddhism and Buddhist traditional Chinese drama, no setting, only gestures, eyes and divine beasts such as lions and Kirin, the pagodas have also other actions to let the audience feel the scene around the vivid, carved a group of music and dance pictures, which should be ingenious, amazing. Buddhist themed pictures of music and dance. Wang Jian's This is the scene of Han Xizai, an official of the southern tomb 24 Gile stone carvings were carved around the coffin bed Tang dynasty, feasting with his friends, and elegant literati.
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