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A Athens Charter, vi, 360 Adams, R.M., 56 Away Palace, 143, 246, 259, 262, 338 agricultural revolution, 3, 55, 56 Along the River during the Qingming Festival, 202, 204, 210, 219 B altar for the god of grain, 16, 17, 37, Bacheng Gate, 104 252, 260 bagua, x altar for the god of the land, 16 Baichi Tower, 126 Analects, 87, 117 Bai Juyi, 179–181, 224 ancestral temple(s), 16, 17, 19, 37, 73, Ba Ling, 103 75, 84, 90, 94, 161, 222, 252, bamboo fenced gates, 120 333 Ban Gu, 41, 76, 102, 111, 115, 137 ancestral temple sacrifcial system, 16 Banpo site, 54 ancient walled cities, xiv, 54 Banpo village, 53 Anding Gate, 299 Baoding City, 82 Anguo Temple, 239 Bao Qie Yin Jing, 195 animal husbandry, 59, 60, 62, 68 Baqiao paper, 108 animal husbandry area, 27, 29, 30 Bashu, 77, 109 An Ling, 103 Bashu culture, 89 An Lushan, 181 Battle of Red Cliffs, 129 Annotations to the Five Classics, 182 Battle of the Fei River, 141 Anthology, 146 Battle on Baideng Mountain, 30 Anyi, 59, 60, 88, 206 Beacon tower, 121 Apricot Garden, 174 Beihai, 235, 246, 273, 338, 339 Aristotle, 48 Beijing, 7, 16, 29, 33–35, 37, 38, artifacts of xi and xiang, 92 45, 55, 199, 235, 241, 245,

© Social Sciences Academic Press 2019 365 C. Fu and W. Cao, Introduction to the Urban History of China, China Connections, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8207-9 366 Index

249, 252, 260, 267, 269, 270, Bronze ware, 30, 64, 74, 177, 179, 272, 274–277, 286, 298–300, 198, 275, 304, 334 302–305, 307, 310, 312, 314– Buddha statues, 155, 156 317, 323–325, 332, 333, 336, Buddhism, 10, 104, 117, 147, 155, 339–344, 346, 352, 356, 359 158, 182, 192, 196, 210, 235, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, 14, 240 32, 35, 263 Buddhist classics, 182 Bian Canal, 33, 43 Buddhist culture, 10, 211 Bianliang, 200, 201, 245 Buddhist stone pillars, 196 Bian River, 43, 88, 191, 199, 202– Buddhist temple, 117, 155, 158, 192, 205, 219 196, 235 Bianzhou, 33, 134, 188, 220, 221 Burgess, E.W., 48 biaobu, 282 burned books and buried Confucian Biefeng Que, 108 scholars alive, 115 Big city, 101, 114, 132, 214 Big market, 132, 133, 152, 255, 264 Bimen, 106, 108 C block carving, 226 Caihou paper, 114 blockprinting, 209 Cai Lun, 114 Bohai Sea, 31, 166, 240, 259, 319 Cai River, 191, 202, 203, 205, 219 Book of Changes, 117 Cai Yin, 117 The Book of Han, 41, 102, 115, 226 calligraphy, xiii, 6, 117, 146, 182, 183, The Book of Later Han, 6, 146, 226 207–210, 229, 275, 304, 342, Book of Poetry, 42, 68, 84 343, 345 Book of Rites, 117 Cao Cao, 33, 125, 126, 129, 130, 133 Book of Songs, 117 Cao Jingzong, 146 Bo people, 83 Cao Pi, 119, 125, 130 Bo Qin, 81 Cao River, 34 border markets, 30 Cao Shi, 172 boshi (doctors), 229 Cao Wei, 75, 125–127, 136 Boyi, 59 Caoyun system, 203, 280, 315 Bo Yi Wu, 195 Cao Zhi, 126 Bright Hall, 114 carving and printing industry, 194 brocade, 83, 108, 123, 124, 131, 142, celestial phenomena, 6 144, 150, 154, 174, 177, 186, Cen Shen, 122 198, 204, 205, 226, 240, 263, Central capital of Jin, 245, 251 264, 271, 275, 304, 331, 332 central place theory, 49 brocade weaving and washing, 123, Central plain, 11, 59, 78, 80, 82, 88, 124 103, 111, 125, 134, 190, 213, Bronze Age, 57, 58, 63, 74, 76 218, 234, 236, 242, 245, 250, bronze casting, 58, 64 251, 255, 298 Bronze Swallow Terrance, 129 Chai Rong, 190, 191, 203, 218, 219 Index 367

Chang’an, 32, 37, 101–104, 106, 107, Chinese urban history, v, vii, xi, xiii, 109, 111, 130, 133–135, 138, xiv, xvii, xviii, 3, 39, 41, 46–49, 139, 144, 157, 160, 163–169, 185 172, 174, 176–184, 186, 189, Chinese urbanization, 49 199, 203, 246, 252 Chinese urban science, 49 changes of urban function, 85 Chongwen Gate, 272, 299 Changhe, 77, 108 Christaller, 49 Changjiang River, 11, 20, 34, 81, 119, Chu state, 8, 80–82, 86, 87, 92, 304 172, 191 Ci’en temple, 182, 183 Changjiang River Basin, 7 Cities in Evolution, 48 Chang Ling, 103 city formation, 55, 251 Changmen, 39 city functions, 80, 84, 158 Changsha, 81, 125, 185, 257 The City in History, 48 Changshu, 82, 283, 285 City of Lü Buwei, 113 Chanshui River, 177 city of palace, 95, 172–175 Chaofei Canal, 32 city types, 357, 359 Chaogou River, 121 city walls, 3, 54, 71, 75, 79, 102, 103, chaoguan, 290–292, 314 114, 120–122, 190, 194, 214– chaohui, 260, 261 216, 222, 236, 239, 259, 270, Chaoyang Gate, 294, 299 272, 273, 281–283, 289, 294, Charter of Machu Picchu, vi 300, 314, 315, 325, 332, 334 cheng, vii, 54, 55, 74, 82 Cizhou, 198 Chen Baoguang, 108 clan power, 15 Chengdu, 81, 83, 103, 109, 122–125, clerical script, 117, 127 130, 131, 137, 139, 158, 170, climate change, 29 185, 188, 257, 293, 352 climatic types, 8 Chengdu Plain, 131 The Commentary on the Water Classic, Chengguangdian, 273 xvii Cheng Market, 125 commerce, vii, xiv, xv, 38, 68–70, Chengtian Gate, 175, 295, 76–78, 82–85, 90, 95, 103, 337 133, 137, 152, 153, 166, 170, Chengtian Gate Avenue, 175 186, 201, 215, 218, 219, 233, Chengyong Gate, 117 235–237, 255, 256, 263, 269, Chengzhou, 72, 75, 76, 103 276–278, 282, 285, 288–292, Chengziya, xiv, 54 295, 296, 308, 312–315, 317, Childe, V. Gordon, 48, 56 318, 320–328, 330, 332, 352, China’s Cultural Ecology, 17 359 Chinese civilization, xiv, xvii, 3, 4, 8, commercial function, 80 8–10, 12–14, 57 commercial metropolis, 178 Chinese navigation, 39, 268 commodity circulation, 198, 276, 282, Chinese urban evolution, 5 287 368 Index commodity production, 56, 69, 165, Dayu Ridge, 171 170, 274, 282, 284, 285, 287, Dazhalan, 275, 324, 341, 342 288, 307, 308 dazhuan, 127 Compendium of Materia Medica Defnitive Edition of Five Classics, 182 (Bencao Gangmu), 271 Desheng Gate, 272, 299 complex topographies, 8 Di (an ancient Chinese nationality), Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of 138 Governance, 169, 186, 226 dianshi, 304 concentric circles theory, 48 dichotomy of Heaven and mankind, concept of urbanization, 49 21 Confucian classics, 10, 110, 182 ding porcelain, 198 Confucian Five Classics, 112, 115 Diqiang culture, 89 Confucianism, 47, 83, 104, 115, 120, Discourses of the States, 19 145, 155, 182, 251, 334 division of material and mental labour, Confucius Shrine, 229, 239 56 Construction of Satellite Cities, 49 Dongbian Gate, 299 course shifts of the Yellow River, 30 Dongdu Gate, 104 cultural circle, 18 Dongguan (a library in the Han cultural ecology, 18, 19, 22, 23 dynasty), 104, 288, 307 The Culture of Cities, 48 Donghua Gate, 245, 276, 300, 303 Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Dongjing, 188, 190 Summer, 224 Dongjing Bianliang, 199, 200 Dongjing Meng Hua Lu, 201 Donglin Temple, 182 D Dongnei, 173, 260 Dadu, 34, 45, 249, 254, 255, Dongqu River, 121 257–265, 272, 273, 297 Dongsi Pailou, 260 Dafu, 83 Dongyang, 133, 144, 158 Dagu River, 34 Dongyun River, 222 Daliang, 77, 88, 89 Dongzhi Gate, 299 Daming calendar, 145 Dong Zhongshu, 112 Daming Palace, 164, 173, 260 Dongzhuo, 126 Danei, 260 Donkey-riding wine (Qi-lü jiu), 153 Da’ning Palace, 246 dougong, 336 Da Nü, 124 drainage facilities, 54, 63 Da Sima Gate, 140 A Dream of Red Mansions, 39, 325 Dasinong, 109 Dream Pool Essays, 28, 29 Dawenkou culture, 54 drilling equipment, 198 Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring, drop in temperature, 27 224 Du Fu, 163, 166, 179 Daxiangguo Temple, 207, 208, 210 Duhui Market, 175 Daxing, 37, 157–162, 164, 235, 245 Dujiangyan, 131 Index 369

Duke De of Qin, 89 Emperor Gaozu of Han, 105 Duke of Zhou, 69, 72, 73, 75, 103 Emperor Guangwu, 113, 115 Duke Xiang of Wei, 89 Emperor Huan of Han, 116 Duke Xian of Qin, 90 Emperor Kangxi of Qing, 31 Duke Xiao of Qin, 90, 91, 94 Emperor Ling of Han, 116 Duke Xuan of Lu, 19 Emperor Ming of Han, 117 Duke Zhuang of Zheng, 88 Emperor Wen of Sui, 33, 157, Dumen Avenue, 110 159–162 Du Mu, 96, 97, 148, 179 Emperor Xiaowen, 133, 149, 151, Dunhuang, 140 152, 155 Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao, 41, 44 Emperor Yang of Sui, 33, 38, 43, Du You, 166, 182 158–160, 162 dyehouses, 205, 279 Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, 247 dyehouses and dyeing shops, 205 Emperor Zhuanxu, 58 Endless Palace, 104–106 enfeoffment, 71, 72, 74 E enfeoffment of dukes, 73 earth city walls, 120 Engels, Friedrich, 350, 351 East China Sea, 28 Epang Palace, 94–97 The Eastern Capital: A Dream of era with written records, 7 Splendor, 41, 200, 201 Erlitou culture, 3, 54, 334 Eastern Han, 13, 20, 33, 103, 114, Erlitou site, 57, 58 115, 117, 123, 126, 130 Eternal Joy Palace, 97, 104–106 Eastern Han dynasty, 32, 103, 104, ethics-politics type interior structure, 113–115, 119, 123, 130 24 Eastern Jin, 135, 140, 141, 143, 144, Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping 147, 148 Hill, 224 Eastern Zhou, 73 excavation of the Canals, 32 East Gate, 114, 281, 312, 321 East Market, 110, 157, 175, 178 economy, 3, 4, 9–13, 16, 23–25, F 30, 31, 33, 35–37, 47, 68, family-centred patriarchal system, 16 74, 76, 83, 84, 88, 102, 107, family morality, 24 130, 131, 134, 137, 141, 142, fanfang, 219 144, 152, 160, 164, 165, 186, fang, 152, 161, 200, 227, 246, 251, 187, 189–192, 194, 217, 219, 260, 261, 302 233, 234, 237, 245, 250, 253, fang (residential sections of Dadu), 257–259, 263, 267–269, 271, 261 280, 282–285, 292, 293, 295, Fanglin Garden, 126 302, 306, 307, 315, 335, 340, Fangshan Jin, 132 350, 352–354, 356, 357 fangshi, 218 Emperor Cheng of Han, 106, 111 Fangzhang, 106 370 Index

Fanjiabang, 282 ge (two-story pavilions), 143, 260 Fan Li, 77, 81 Gechuan, 106 Fan Li City, 81 Geddes, 48 Fanlou Mansion, 207, 208 General of the Western Expedition, Fan Sui, 91 153 Fantian temple, 196 geographical environment, 6, 8, 10, Fan Ye, 116, 144–146 15, 18, 22, 23, 28, 42, 89 Fan Zhang, 171 Geographical Records of the Taiping Fan Zhen, 144, 145 Reign, 81 Fengdu Market, 158, 168 Geographic and Custom Records, 83 Fenghao, 72, 83, 84 Gods Terrace, 108 Fengjing, 72, 73, 283 gold and tin from Jiangnan, 92 Feng Menglong, 279 Golden Valley, 137 Feng Que, 108 Golden Valley Garden, 137 Fen River, 82 gold jewelry and silverware manufac- A Fire in Urban History of China, 99 turing, 326 First Qin Emperor, 97 Gold Market, 114 frst social division, 55 Gongcheng, 173–175, 182 First Tower under Heaven, 280 Gongchen Gate, 245 Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond, 224 Gong, Hou, and Nan, 72 Five capitals, 130, 231, 233, 237, 238 Gongsun Hong, 112 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, 37, Gottmann, Jean, 49 196 Goulan, 207 Five Dynasties Period, 185, 187, 188, Gouzhang City, 82 194, 203, 218, 242 Grand Canal, 30, 31, 33–35, 38, 158, fve elements, x, 80, 81 160, 163–169, 252, 258, 263, Five Ridges, 32, 103, 132, 216, 218 274, 278, 284, 289, 290, 326, The Flooded Jinshan Hill, 280 328, 329, 352 foreign affairs, 176 Great Ancestral Temple of Mo Ye, Four Canals for Grain, 33 82 Four Great Inventions, 14 Greater Khingan Mountains, 148 Front hall, 105, 114 Great Wall, 7, 14, 27, 29, 30, 233, Fucheng Gate, 299 292, 293 Fuzhou, 82, 185, 187, 188, 258, growth poles theory, 49 286–288, 293, 352 Guan Bridge, 203 Guangan Gate, 260, 299 Guangji River, 199 G Guangluo River, 33 Gao Bridge, 204 Guangnei, 111 Gao Market, 110 Guangqu Gate, 299 Garden Cities of To-morrow, 48 Guangtong Canal, 33, 162 gas exploitation, 198 Guangyun Lake, 177 Index 371

Guangzhou, 39, 49, 132, 135, 226, 232, 235–237, 240, 250, 170, 171, 178, 185, 199, 215, 255, 263, 268, 269, 271, 274, 216, 219, 258, 288, 289, 293, 278, 292, 293, 295, 296, 306, 306–310, 325, 360 308, 320, 323, 327, 330, 334, guan of copper coins, 206, 301, 303 340, 356 Guanshi Law, 95 Han dynasty, vi, 8, 10, 13, 30, 32, 36, Guanxiang, 227 37, 87, 101, 102, 104, 107–112, Guan Yao (offcial kiln), 205 115, 119, 123, 125, 132, 134, Guanzhong, 82, 126, 135, 162, 189 135, 151, 157, 169, 174, 189, Guanzhong Basin, 33 233, 242 Guanzhong culture, 89 Hang, 193, 227, 327 Guanzhong Plain, 172, 218 Han Gap, 32, 33 Guanzi, 20 Han Gou, 169 Guilian Cheng (literally, Wry Face Hangou Canal, 81, 82 City), 120 Hanguguan, 28 Gui Palace, 102, 104, 106 Hangzhou, 34, 35, 38, 39, 185, 187, Gu Kaizhi, 145, 147 193–196, 205, 213, 214, 216, Gulou, 260 217, 219–223, 226, 255, 256, Gun (Yu the Great’s father), 55, 58 258, 278, 283, 284, 293, 306, guo, vii 312, 324, 328–331, 355 Guo Chunfeng, 14 Han Lin Hua Yuan (Han Lin Imperial Guo Moruo, 64 Painting House), 209 Guowei Wang, xi, 17 Han state, 87 Guozijian, 209 Haojing, 71–75, 94 Gusu, 83, 325 Harris, C.H., 48 Gutao, 82 Hefei, 77, 258 Gu Yanwu, 41, 43, 188, 190, 344 Hemudu Site culture, 3 Guzang, 139 Heng Bridge, 204 Gu Zuyu, 41, 43 Hengqiao Avenue, 110 Hepu, 103 Heshibi, 92 H Hibiscus Park, 174 Haifang Dao, 282 Hippodamus, 48 Haihe River, 29, 33, 237, 314 Homo erectus yuanmouensis, 53 haijin policy, 39 Hong Gou, 32 Hancheng, 83 Honglu Temple, 117 Handan, 76, 77, 83, 87, 88, 103, 109 Hongqiao Bridge, 207 Handicraft industry, xiv, 55, 62, 63, Hongwen Palace, 181 68, 69, 74, 76, 77, 82, 89, 95, Horse market, 114, 144, 201, 274, 98, 103, 107, 114, 123, 125, 293, 321 133, 143, 158, 165, 169, 176, Hougang, 54 186, 198, 199, 202, 204, 225, Hou Ji, 20 372 Index

Hou Renzhi, 44, 45 Imperial College, 104, 110, 115, 116, Hou Yuan Cheng, 120 127, 180, 208, 228, 229, 239, Howard, Ebenezer, 48 297, 346, 347 Huaihe River Basin, 7 Imperial Street, 204, 222, 235, 246 Huai Market, 110 Indus Valley, 56 Huai Nan Zi, 41 Inner City, vii, 73, 75, 129, 130, 150, Hualin Garden, 126, 151 151, 199, 202, 216, 220, 232, Huangcheng, 175 236, 241, 245, 246, 272, 299, Huanghe River, 7, 11, 20, 31, 32, 34, 323, 332, 341, 343 43, 44, 53, 58, 78 the International Congresses of the Huanghe Valley, 56, 138 Modern Architecture (CIAM), vi Huaxia, 58 Iron, 76, 78, 82–85, 98, 121, 125, Hui Gou, 67 131, 132, 169, 194, 197, 211, Huimin River, 33, 199 220, 225, 239, 254, 256, 264, Huining, 234, 242, 244 294, 296, 306, 308, 321 Huishi, 304 Iron Pagoda, 210, 211 Huitong Canal, 34 iron smelting, 76, 77, 83, 130, 143, huizi, 220, 226 232, 240 humanistic thought, 47 humanity geography, 48 hundred schools of thoughts, 43, J 91 Jade of Kunshan, 92 Huteng Dance, 181 Jialu Canal, 34 Hutong, 261 Jiancheng (City of Sword), 82 Hutuo River, 28 Jiangdong paper, 198 Hu Wei, 31, 43, 44 Jiangdu, 158, 159 Huxuan Dance, 181 Jiangling, 86, 125, 185, 206 Jiankang, 135, 140–148 Jiankang Palace, 140–143 I Jianye, 119–121, 132, 140 Imperial Academy, 112, 115–117, Jianzhang Palace, 102, 104, 106–108 155, 182, 209, 301 jiaoche, 268 Imperial Academy of Painting, 229, Jiaodaoting Market, 110 230 Jiaomen Market, 110 Imperial City, 114, 115, 120, 130, jiaoshou (professors), 229 151, 157, 158, 161, 172, 173, Jia Sixie, 21 175, 199, 200, 202, 204, 207, Jia Yi, 16 213, 214, 232, 234–236, 238, Jiayou stone classics, 209 239, 241, 243–245, 251, 259, Jiayuguan Pass, 30 260, 262, 270, 272, 294, 295, Ji (capital of the Yan state), 80, 87 299, 337 Jie (an ancient Chinese nationality), 138 Index 373

Jiexiang, 222 Kaiming IX, 81 ji fu pu, 179 Kaiyuan Tongbao Coin, 166 Ji Gate, 86 Kang Gate of the Inner City, 209 Jinbu Law, 95 Kang-Qian Flourishing Age, 35 Jin Dynasty, 135, 189, 231, 234–237, Kao Gong Ji, 37, 73 242, 245–247, 251, 261, 277, Khitan Nationality, 231, 238 333, 343 Khitan people, 232, 237, 238, 240, Jin Dynasty (Jurchen), 213, 224, 231, 241, 244 237 King Fuchai of Wu, 81, 169 Jingdezhen, 268, 293, 306 King Goujian of Yue, 81, 82 Jing-Han Canal, 32 King Wen of Zhou (Ji Chang), 72 Jingkou, 33, 144, 177 King Wu of Zhou, 67, 72 Jingkou Three Hills, 280 King Zhao of Yan, 82 Jing River, 71, 96 Kong Yingda, 182 Jingshan Hill (Wansui Hill), 300 Kuaiji, 133, 144, 158, 177, 193, 206 Jingshi Tonyan, 280 Kunming Pond, 106, 107 Jingyanggang, 54 Jingying, 135 Jingzhao Yi, 97 L Jing Zhao Yin, 178 lacquerwares, 39, 125 Jingzhou, 7, 8, 123, 293 Laiyang, 198 Jing’gan Building, 107, 108 Lanchi Palace, 94, 97 Jinling, 80, 81, 120, 121, 154, 177, land reclaimed by Yu the Great, 42 187, 191, 192 Lane of Fan, 219 Jin River, 28, 34, 124, 256 Lang Tao Sha, 124 Jinshi, 247, 304, 344 Langzhong, 82, 262, 293 Jinshui River, 33, 203, 219 Lantai, 111 jiu gui, 179 Lantian culture, 3 Jiu (literally, nine) Zhou, 7 Lao Ai, 93 Jixia Academy, 86 “large region” structure theory, 49 Jizhou Canal, 34 large seal character, 127 Joseph Needham, v, 15 legend of Yu the Great’s food control, Junyi Canal, 89 42 Jurchen people, 235, 237, 242, Leifeng Pagoda, 195 244–246, 248 Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset, 224 Juren, 304 Liao Dynasty, 231–234, 237, 240, 241, 248, 343 Liao, Jin and Western Xia, 231 K Liao Kingdom, 28 Kaifeng, xv, 33, 38, 81, 88, 166, Li Bing, 131 188–191, 199–210, 212, 218, Li Canal, 35 219, 226, 235–237, 251, 252, Li Chun, 14 257, 270, 293, 352 Li Daoyuan, 83 374 Index

Li E, 209, 221, 223, 242, 330 Li Ying, 116 lifang, 37, 152–155, 174, 175, 218 lizheng, 221, 259, 261 lifang system, 37 Li Zhiji, 182 Li Fei, 247 Loess Plateau, 28 Lijiang River, 32 Longcheng, 139, 140 Li Longji, 177, 181 Longevity Hill, 154, 261, 262, 300, Lin’an, 38, 213, 214, 217, 219, 220, 301, 338, 340 222, 223, 226, 255 Longevity Temple, 247, 248 Linen, 287, 288, 308 Longjin Bridge, 202, 204 Linfen, 87, 138, 325 Longmen Grottoes, 156 Ling Chun Ge, 143 Longshan culture, xiv, 3, 54, 57 Ling (means mausoleums) cities, 102 Long Shou Yuan Highland, 172 Lingtai, 104 Lord Chunshen, 91 Ling Tai Garden, 114 Lord Mengchang, 78, 91 lingtuo drum, 92 Lord Pingyuan, 91 Linhuang, 231, 238, 239 Lord Xinling, 91, 211 Linqing, 34, 258, 289–293 Louchuan, 107 Linzi, 77, 80, 83, 85–87, 103, 109, Lü Buwei, 87, 91, 93, 113 134 Lucheng, 81 Li Qingzhao, 223 Luo River, 60, 72, 75, 126, 154 Li Qiusheng, 168 Luoyang, xiv, 32, 33, 38, 59, 72, 75, Liren Market, 175 77, 81, 83, 103, 104, 109, 113– Lishan Mountain (Mount Li), 95–97 115, 117, 125–127, 129, 130, Li Shimin, 247 133, 135–138, 144, 149–152, lishu, 127 155, 158, 162, 164, 167–169, Li Si, 91, 93 186, 189, 203, 246, 252, 293, Liu An, 20 352 Liu Ao, 111 Luoyang (capital of Eastern Han), 103 Liu Baiduo, 153 Luoyi City, 76 Liu Bang, 94, 99, 101, 102, 111 Lü Yanzhi, 49 Liu Bei, 123, 129, 131 Lu Zhu Building, 137 Liu Bingzhong, 251, 252 “Liujiu” town (“six-nine town”), 150 Liulichang, 38, 248, 343–346 M Liu Market, 110 magnet theory, 48 Liu Song, 141–143, 148 Man is an integral part of nature, 17, Liu Xie, 135, 144–146 21, 41, 47 Liu Xin, 110, 112 Mao Ling, 103 Liu Xiu, 114 marital prohibition between people of Liu Yu, 141 the same surname, 17 Liu Yuxi, 21, 121, 124, 179, 180 Markets, 12, 14, 37, 38, 55, 73, 75, Liuzhuang, 245 77, 78, 95, 98, 110, 114, 122, Index 375

131, 133, 137, 144, 150, 152, Minzhong Temple, 247, 248 154, 157–159, 161, 164, 167, moats, 14, 79, 103, 114, 199, 214, 168, 170–172, 174, 175, 178, 222, 245, 260, 270, 278, 281, 187, 188, 190, 200, 201, 203, 282, 286, 289, 295, 299, 300, 206, 207, 214, 218, 219, 227, 314, 332, 334 228, 235, 239, 241, 246, 251, Mocheng Town, 82 254, 264, 271, 274, 275, 278, Modern China, 351, 352, 356–360 283, 285, 288, 289, 291, 303, The Money-makers, 41, 77, 78, 86–88, 304, 306, 307, 310, 312, 318, 90 321, 324, 328, 331, 336, 342, Moon over the Peaceful Lake in 344–346, 351, 354, 355 Autumn, 224 Marx, Karl, 14, 15, 22 morning fairs, 200, 219 Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Mountains and Rivers in Sichuan and 97 Chongqing, 122 Mawangdui, 125 Mount Li, 95, 97 megalopolis, 49 Mount Liangshan, 82, 206 “megalopolis” theory, 49 Mount Qishan, 82, 188 Mencius, 19, 86, 229 Mount Tai, 86, 334 Mengliang Lu, 41, 221, 223, 228 Mo Ye, 82 Mengliang Lu (Dreaming Over a Bowl Mo Ye City, 82 of Millet), 41, 221, 223, 228 multiple nuclei theory, 48 Meridian Gate, 295, 300, 336, 337 Mumford, Lewis, 48 Mesopotamia plain, 56 Music of Pyu, 180 metal smelting, 55, 326, 342 metal tool manufacturing, 55 metal tools, 55 N miaoji, 201 Nanchuan River, 28 Middle Canal, 35 Nanhai, 178, 289, 338, 339 Middle Stone Age, 55 Nanjing, 80, 120, 140, 141, 144, 185, military function, 80, 169 220, 236, 258, 267, 269–272, The Millet, 84 276–278, 293, 294, 297–299, Ming Dynasty, 7, 8, 15, 16, 34, 306, 307, 312, 331, 332, 355, 35, 37–39, 43, 44, 200, 239, 356, 360 247, 248, 260, 262, 267–305, Nanshan Hill, 95 307–309, 313, 314, 323, 324, Nanyang, 77, 114, 115, 135, 203 326, 334, 336–341, 343 narrow bottom pyramid, 49 Mingguang Palace, 102, 104, 106 national archives, 181 Mingyue Hall, 106 national library, 111, 229 Mingyue Pearl, 92 natural law, 19–21 Mingzhou, 199, 216–219, 285 New Deal, 112 mining and smelting, 61, 198, 354 New Residential Quarter, 245 mining industry, 268, 306, 307, 353 New Stone Age, 55 376 Index night fairs, 200, 202, 219 painting of Xishu, 92 night market, 37, 207 Palatial Garden, 173, 245, 300 Nile Valley, 53, 56 Panchi, 64 Nine States, 61 Pan Geng, 65–67 Ningbo, 35, 82, 216–219, 255, 258, Panlou Jiudian, 200 283, 285, 286, 293, 312, 329, Panyu, 103, 288, 289, 307 331, 352 Paper Becomes Expensive in Luoyang, Niu Gao, 224 137 North China, 29, 33, 35, 38, 58, 169, paper money, 220, 226, 254, 263 172, 317 patriarchal society, 17 North China Plain, 28, 45 patriarchal system, 15–17 Northern Palace, 113 patriarchy-autocracy system, 16, 17 Northern Song, 209, 248, 257 Pearl River, 132, 140, 216, 289, 309 Notes on The Nine Chapters on the Pei Songzhi, 145, 146 Mathematical Art, 145 Pengcheng, 83, 133 Pengchengyi, 82 Penglai, 97, 106, 166 O Pengying, 245 Ode to the Western Capital, 107 Perroux, F., 49 Old Stone Age, 28, 55 Pingcheng, 149, 233 On Balance, vi Ping City (now Datong, Shanxi), 133 On the Annihilation of the Soul, 145 Pingliangtai, 54 On the Cause of Ruin of the Qin, 16 Ping Ling, 103 Opium Wars, 10, 13, 308–310, 314, Pingyang, 87, 138, 233, 293 323, 353, 354, 356 Pingyao, 82 Oracle Bone Scripts, 65, 66, 68 Pipa, 180 Orioles Singing in the Willows, 224 planning thought, 48 Outer City, vii, 73, 104, 130, 150, Plato, 48 161, 172, 173, 175, 187, 194, Pogangdu Canal, 121 199, 202, 204, 206, 220, 221, political function, vii, 80, 93, 164, 336 232, 234–236, 241, 244, 251, Politics, xxi, 3, 23, 30, 33, 48, 102, 259, 270, 272, 294, 302, 323, 189, 335, 346, 356 332, 341 Po Pagoda, 210, 212 Ou Yezi, 82 porcelain, 114, 144, 176, 178, 179, 187, 198, 205, 212, 240, 256, 268, 274, 278, 306, 312, 321, P 345 pailou, 260, 275 porcelain industry, 194, 226, 268 painting, vi, xiii, 6, 13, 92, 111, pottery manufacturing kilns, 54, 58, 124, 146, 147, 183, 200, 204, 98 207–211, 230, 275, 304, 327, Preface of Xuanzang’s Holy Doctrine, 328, 342, 343, 345 183 Index 377

Pre-Qin Philosophers’ Learning, 10 Qiting Lou, 110 primitive cities of China, 53 Quanrong, 83 publishing, xvi, xvii, 13, 209 Quanzhou, xxii, 39, 132, 135, 214, Pushou, 105 215, 219, 250, 256–258, 287, Putao Jin, 108 293, 312 Qufu, xxii, 81, 334–336 Qujiang Pool, 172–174 Q Qiang (a Chinese minority national- ity), 138, 139 R Qian Hongchu, 195 A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Qian Liu, 193, 194, 196 Luoyang, 41 Qianmen, 248, 275, 304, 341 Records of Capitals Through the Ages, Qian River, 89 41 Qian Shuoyou, 222 Records of Chang’an, 41, 178 Qiantang River, 33, 34, 187, 195, Records of Luoyang, 41, 103 214, 221, 223, 230, 255, 328 The Records of the Grand Historian, v, Qilin, 111 32, 36, 41, 58, 66, 71, 72, 77, Qi Lue, 112 86, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 111 Qin Dynasty, xiii, xiv, 7, 8, 16, 32, 36, Records of the Relics in Bianjing, 41 37, 87, 90, 92–95, 97, 99, 106, Records of the Three Kingdoms, 146 111, 115, 122, 134, 135, 139, Records on the Warring States Period, 159, 173, 190, 203, 315 80 Qing Dynasty, 7, 8, 15, 16, 31, 35, Red Hill Culture, 29 37–39, 43–45, 174, 203, 221, Refugees in Lin’an, 223 235, 295, 304–316, 319–335, relationship between entity and prop- 338–346, 352, 354, 356 erties, 18 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 27 relationship between form and spirit, Qingquan (Clear Spring), 28, 137 18 Qingshu Palace, 141 relationship between Heaven and man, Qingyang, 81 18, 20, 21, 47 Qinhuai River, 80, 120, 121, 132, relationship between knowing and 141, 144, 270, 294, 296 doing, 18 Qinhuangdao, 30 relationship between logos and uten- Qin Jing, 117 sils, 18 Qinling Mountains, 126, 149, 220 relationship between signifer and Qin Shi Huang, 90, 93, 95–99, 113, signifed, 18 135, 193 relaxed policy of the folk handicraft Qin state, 8, 88, 89, 93, 131, 276 and commerce, 85 Qionghuadao, 246 Remnant Snow on the Bridge in Qi (son of Yu the Great), 7, 58–60 Winter, 224 Qi state, 7, 85 Republic, 48 378 Index

Republic of China, v, 49, 290 Shanghai Urban Planning, 49 Researches on Two Captital Cities of Shangjing, 242, 244, 254 Tang Dynasty, 41 Shanglin Imperial Park, 94, 106 return of Cai Wenji to Han, 30 Shangqiu, 66, 88, 159, 213, 220 rise of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 27 Shangshu, 7, 9, 42, 117, 173, 229 rise of Taihang Mountains, 28 Shangsi Festival, 174 Rites of Zhou, 37, 41 Shang Tang, 66, 69 Rixia Jiuwen Kao, 247, 248, 262, Shang Yang, 90, 91 275, 298 Shanhaiguan, 305 Ri Zhi Lu, 41, 43 Shanhai Pass, 298, 305, 332, 334 royal palace, 67, 68, 73, 75, 84, 98, Shanrang, 59 180, 239 Shanyang Canal, 33, 162 Royal Street, 175, 207 Shaochai Village relic site, 61 Ruhan Tower, 141 Shaokang, 59 Rulin Waishi, 271 Shaoxing, 34, 81, 177, 195, 217, 220, 225, 321 Shao Yin, 179 S shefu qin, 276 San Da Nei, 173 Sheji altars, 37, 252, 260 Sanfu Duwei, 110 Sheji altars for the god of land, 37, San Fu Huang Tu, 41, 105, 106, 108, 252, 260 110 She Ling, 103 Sangqian River, 28 Shen Kuo, 28, 29 Sanguozhi, 146 Shen Mie Lun, 145 Sanhua Ling, 108 Shenmingtai, 107 sanqu, 250 Shennong, 73, 342 Sanskrit scriptures, 182, 183 Shennong era, 54, 55 Schools in Chang’an, 112 Shenxian Palace, 142 Science and Civilisation in China, v, shepherd Su Wu, 30 15 Shichahai, 260 second social division of labour, 56 Shi Chong, 136, 137 sectorization, 63 shift of the regional economic centre, seismograph, 104 38 Semu people, 252, 254 Shi Kuang, 81 separation of “city” and “village”, 56 Shi Lou, 110 shaft well, 198 shi (markets), 56, 167 Shandong Canal, 35 Shi Nianhai, 44, 45 Shang Dynasty, 7, 63, 64, 66–69, 72, shipbuilding industry, 107, 108, 166, 76, 84, 334 198, 205, 217, 226, 271, 296 Shanghai, 38, 257, 258, 281–283, Shi people, 55 293, 306, 310–313, 316, 352, Shiqu, 111 358, 360 shisi, 29 Index 379

Shi Tong, 182 201–203, 211, 213–219, 223, shitou cang (stone storehouses), 121 229, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, Shitou Jin, 132 240, 242, 245, 248–252, 259, shitou ku (stone arsenals), 121 260, 263, 264, 275, 285, 289, Shoushan stones, 247 304, 345 Shouyang, 133, 134 Song-Ming New Confucianism, 10 Shu Du Fu (Ode to the Capital of Shu), Song of Brocade Weaving, 124 123 Song of Xiang Yu, 153 Shu Han, 119, 122, 123, 130, 131 South China Canal, 33, 35 Shu Jin, 123 Southern and Northern Dynasties, xv, Shu linen, 125 13, 129, 132–135, 147, 242 Shuntian, 267, 272, 293, 298, 304, Southern Chen, 142, 143 313 Southern Liang, 140, 142, 146 Sibao Palace, 106 Southern Palace, 113 siheyuan, vii, 261, 359 Southern Qi, 141–143 Si Ku Quan Shu, 243 Southern Song, 213–215, 217, 251, Sili Bridge, 204 259 silk industry, 80, 194, 226, 271, 278, Southern Tang, 185–187, 191, 294 287, 312, 325, 327, 330, 331 south market, 114, 168 silk production, 131, 143, 194, 204, South Palace, 103 278, 327, 331 Spring and Autumn, 7, 19, 21, 32, 36, Silk Road, 39, 103, 110, 254 73, 75, 76, 81–83, 92, 117, 169, Silk-weaving industry, 107, 108 292, 344 Sima Qian, 32, 36, 47, 72, 77, 83, 86, Spring and Autumn and Warring 88, 90, 92, 95, 96, 98, 99, 105, States period, 7, 41, 79, 80, 111 82–85 Sima Rui, 140 Spring and Autumn Annals, 117 Sima Yan, 130, 135, 137 The Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei, Simuwu Rectangle Ding, 64 6–8, 41, 92 Sishui River, 19, 31, 34, 334 Spring and Autumn of Wu and Yue, Sixteen Kingdoms period, 132, 133, 41 233 Spring Scenery in Potai, 212 Sjoberg, G., 56 State of Bazi, 83 Skinner, G. William, 49 the State of Lu, 7, 19, 81 slave market, 95 Stockaded Village, 242 Small Market, 77, 133, 152, 264, 343 Stone City, 120, 121, 132, 141, 143, small seal character, 127 191 Small Wild Goose Pagoda, 184 stone scriptures, 116, 117, 127 social environment, 18, 24, 47 stone tools, 55 socio-cultural function, 80, 336 Stork-goblet wine (He-shang jiu), 153 Song Dynasty, 12, 37, 39, 43, 122, Su Dongpo, 195, 223 150, 161, 190, 195, 197–199, 380 Index

Sui dynasty, 14, 33, 37, 142, 157– Taiyuan, 88, 152, 159, 166, 189, 198, 160, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 199, 257, 292, 293, 352 172, 174, 175, 181, 193 Taju (football), 86 Suihouzhu, 92 Tang Dynasty, xiii–xv, 8, 21, 33, Sunny Spring, 81 37–39, 96, 121, 122, 124, 146, Sun Quan, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132 148, 159, 163–166, 169–172, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, 49, 360 176, 177, 179–183, 186–189, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, 49, 360 198, 200, 208, 209, 211, 215, Supreme Capital, 231, 232, 234, 235, 217, 218, 232, 233, 246, 275, 237, 238, 240–242, 244, 245, 278, 304, 345 254 Taoism, 41, 47, 107, 120, 210, 212, Su Qin, 86, 89 239, 260 surplus grain, 56 Taoist Temple of Lasting Celebrations, Susan Mann, 49 210 Su Shi, 195, 213, 223, 224 Taotie, 64 Suzhou, 34, 39, 81, 166, 169, 178, Tazi, 176 246, 277–280, 291, 293, 306, Temple of Agriculture, 272, 343 307, 311, 312, 316, 324–328, Temple of Heaven, 272, 273, 300, 331, 355 342, 343, 359 system of enfeoffment, 17, 71 The Ten Books on Architecture, 48 System of provinces and counties, 92 Ten Scenes of West Lake, 224 system of “Shanrang”, 59 Terracotta Warriors and Horses, 98 textile industry, 63, 83, 130, 205, 240, 268, 279, 282, 293, 296, 308, T 312, 331 Taichu Palace, 120 Textual Criticism of Qing, 10 Taihang Mountains, 29, 259, 263, third social division of labour, 56 298, 336 Three Binyang Caves, 155 Taihu stones, 246 Three Capitals Rhapsody, 137, 138 Taiji Hall, 151 Three Kingdoms, 75, 119, 120, 123, Taiji Palace, 141, 164, 173 129, 131 Tai Kang, 59, 135 Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, Tai Lake basin, 33 224 Taiping Bridge, 204 Tiananmen, 273, 337, 338 Taipingxingguo era, 201, 212 Tian Jie, 175 Taixue, 209 Tianjin, xxi, 29, 31, 33, 34, 139, 258, Taiye, 106 274, 290, 292, 293, 313–323, Taiye Lake, 246, 261, 262, 273, 300, 352, 354, 355, 358 301, 338 Tianlu, 111 Taiye Pool, 106 Tianqiao, 342 Taiyi, 342 Tian Sengchao, 153 Tianxia Junguo Libing Shu, 41, 43 Index 381

Tiao Bridge, 204 urban science, 48 Tiemuzhen (Genghis Khan), 249 urban sociology, 48, 49 Tong Dian, 182 urban system, vii, xiv, 36, 42, 92, 350 Tonghui Canal, 34 Urban System and Policies, 36 Tongji Canal, 33, 162 Tongwaxiang, 31, 32, 44 tortoiseshell scripts, 65 V traditional Chinese culture, 6, 6–13, vassal states, 82, 84, 93, 96 17, 21, 24, 25, 347 Vitrurius, 48 Treasures of Sui, 92 Tuan (a kind of bazaar), 227 Tuancheng, 273, 339 W Tuigu (wine-buyers’ lifang), 153 walled cities, 54, 79, 102 tuntian system, 130, 319 Wancheng of Chu, 83 Tuoba Gui, 133, 148 Wang An-shi, 209 two-capital system, 254, 255 Wangcheng, 75 Two Gu, 43 Wangchenggang, 54, 57 Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds, 224 Wang Chong, vi, 20, 115 Wangchun Tower, 177 Wangcun, 54 U Wang Kai, 136, 137 unity of heaven and man, 120 Wang Mang, 112 Unwin, Raymond, 49 wangqi, 273 Upper Cave Men, 55 Wang Shan Ge, 143 urban construction, xii, xiv, 25, 47, Wang Shenzhi, 187 232, 252, 329, 358 Wang Xianzhi, 145 urban culture, xi, 5, 104, 346 Wang Xizhi, 145 urban economics, 38, 49, 269 Wang Yinglin, 89, 103 urban evolution, xiii, xiv, 25, 46, 47 Wanshoushan Hill, 300 urban history, iv–vi, ix–xi, xiii, xiv, xxi, Wanshuishan Hill, 300 25, 29, 41, 42, 45–48, 134, 251, Warring States periods, 7, 13, 15, 20, 252 21, 36, 41, 42, 61, 75–78, 80, urbanization, vi, xiii, 349–351, 353, 82–86, 88, 94, 123, 131, 211 357 wars in the Sixteen Kingdoms era, 138 Urbanization and Historical Change Washe, 207 in China, 49 water transportation, 30–34, 39, 43, urban planning, x, xviii, xxii, 37, 48, 88, 89, 144, 162, 164, 172, 179, 49, 339, 350, 359, 360 199, 205, 259, 320 urban policies, 36, 37 Way of Heaven, v Urban Residence, vi, vii, xiii Way of Man, v urban revolution, 56 wazi goulan, 219 urban revolution theory, 48 Wei Bridge, 96, 110 382 Index

Weicheng, 91 X Weihe River, 54, 160, 161 Xia Benji, 58 Weihe River basin, 38 Xia Dynasty, 57–62 Wei Jian, 177, 178 Xianbei (an ancient Chinese nation- Wei-Jin Metaphysics, 10 ality), 138–140, 148, 149, 151, Wei River, 71, 74, 89, 90, 93–97, 162, 152 290, 291 Xi’an Gate, 104, 261 Wei, Shu and Wu, 119 Xiangfan, 82 Wei state, 88 Xiangguo (a capital of Later Zhao), Weiyang Palace, 102 139 Wen Xin Diao Long, 146 Xiangguo Shuang Zhong, 208 Western Han, 32, 86, 88, 101, 103, Xiangguo Temple, 201, 204, 207, 107–109, 146, 334 208, 210, 211 Western Jin, 130 Xiangyang, 82, 133, 134, 142 Western Xia, 231, 233, 234, 240, 249 Xiang Yu, 99, 153 Western Zhou, 71–74, 103 Xianhua Palace, 142 West Garden, 301, 338 Xianyang, vii, xiv, 37, 91–99, 101, West Lake, 193, 213, 214, 220–225, 104, 122, 135 228, 230, 255, 328, 330 Xianyang Hall, 151 West Market, 110, 157, 175, 178, 179 Xianyang market, 95 White Dagoba Hill, 246, 247 Xianyang Palace, 94–97 White Horse Temple, 117 Xiao He, 102, 105, 111 White Snow, 81, 150 Xiaoli Market, 110 wide bottom pyramid, 49 Xiaotun, 64, 66, 67 Wild Goose Pagoda, 182, 183 xiaozhuan, 127 will of Heaven, 6 Xia Xiao Zheng, 61 wind force, 14 Xibaokangmen Bridge, 204 Wuchang, 120, 132, 257, 293 Xibian Gate, 299 Wu Daozi, 183, 211 Xie Jin, 297 Wu Jun City, 132, 133 Xifu (the capital of the Wuyue state), Wu Painting School, 279 191, 193, 194, 221 Wuxi Garden City Planning, 49 Xihua Gate, 245, 300 Wuxingji Fan Store, 219 Ximing Temple, 182 Wu Xing, x Xin Bridge, 204 Wuyue, 185–187, 191, 193–196, 221, Xingshi Hengyan, 280 275, 304 Xiongnu (an ancient Chinese national- Wu Zetian, 167 ity), 138 Wuzhang River, 191, 199, 203–205, Xiping (now Xining of the Qinghai 219 province), 140 Wu Zhou, 167 Xiping Stone Classics, 117 Wu Zhu coins, 166 Xi Shi, 223, 224 Wu Zixu, 81 Xisi Pailou, 260 Index 383

Xixing Canal, 34 Yaochi, 245 Xiyang Gate, 133 Yao, Shun and Yu, 59 Xiyuan (West Garden), 245 Yao, Shun and Yu periods, 57 Xizhi Gate, 299 Ye City, 129, 130, 133, 135 Xi Zi, 224 Yeguang Jasper, 92 Xizi Lake, 224 Yellow Emperor, 28, 58, 73 Xuanguang Hall, 151 Yellow Emperor period, 54 Xuanping Gate, 104 Yellow River Basin, 4, 6, 7, 28, 42, Xuantai Bridge, 203 187, 249 Xuanwu Gate, 247, 272, 299, 300, Yibin, 83 304, 341 Yihe Ming, 280 Xuanwu Lake, 119, 120, 294 yin and yang, x, 80, 81 Xuanyang Gate, 140, 141, 245 Yin (the capital of the Shang dynasty), Xuanzang, 165, 182, 183 67 Xuchang, 129, 130 Ying (capital of the Chu state), 86 Xu City, 130 Yingtian, 293, 295 Xu Du, 129 Yingtian Gate, 245 Xue area, 78 Yingtian Prefecture, 199, 267, 269, Xu Heng, 252 270, 294–298 Xu (marketplaces in the south), 172 Yingzhou, 97, 106, 133, 134, 262 Xunzi (Xun Kuang), 20, 21, 23, 86 Yin Ruins, 64, 65, 67–69 Xuwen, 103 Yinxu, 63–65, 70 Xuzhou, 7, 31, 82, 258, 277, 290 yizhan, 253 Yizhou, 121, 123, 132, 165, 170 Yizhuan, 20 Y Yongding Gate, 299, 342 Yamen, 95, 102, 333 Yongding River, 28 Yanchun Ge, 260 Yongji Canal, 33, 162 Yan Emperor, 28, 57 Yongle Encyclopedia, 297 Yangdi, 59, 88 Yongle Palace, 96 Yangdi (capital of the Han state), 87 Yongping era, 114, 117 Yan’ge, 111 Yongqiao Market, 133 Yang Ling, 103 Yong (the frst capital of the Qin Yangshao culture, 53, 54, 57 state), 89, 90 Yang Yuhuan, 175, 181 Youan Gate, 299 Yangzhou, 7, 8, 33, 34, 38, 39, 158, Yuan Dadu, 251, 252, 254, 259, 263, 159, 169, 170, 177, 185, 258, 272 277, 281, 293, 307, 328 Yuan Dynasty, xv, 34, 200, 220, Yanmen Pass, 237 249–259, 262, 263, 273, 275, Yanshi, 54, 57, 60, 63 277, 278, 281, 283, 284, 287, Yanshou Temple, 248 289, 297–299, 301, 338–340, Yan state, 8, 139, 155 343, 345 384 Index

Yuanmingyuan, 356 Zhang Yi City, 122 Yuanmou, 7 Zhang Zeduan, 202, 204, 210 Yuan (one of the capitals of the Xia Zhao Anren, 209 dynasty), 58 Zhao Feiyan, 106 Yuanqu, 250 Zhaojun departing for the frontier, 30 Yuanyou, 217, 261, 262 Zhaoming Palace, 120 Yue Fei, 224, 225, 228 Zhao state, 88 Yuewang Temple, 224 Zhaozhou Bridge, 14 Yueyang (capital of the Qin state), 90 Zhejiang Canal, 34, 35, 329 Yugong, 7, 9, 41–44 Zheng Bing, 88 Yugong Zhuizhi, 31 Zheng Chenggong, 39 Yuhang, 35, 133, 144, 158, 193, 227 Zheng Guang Palace, 142 Yuhe River, 34 Zheng He, 39, 268, 272, 278, 296 Yu Jie, 214 Zhengshi Stone Scriptures, 127 yundang, 267, 268 Zhengyang Gate, 222, 272, 275, 294, Yunji Bridge, 204 299, 300, 324, 329, 341, 342, Yushi Mingyan, 280 344, 345 Yushou Palace, 142 Zhenjiang, 33, 34, 144, 177, 277, Yutang Palace, 106 280, 281, 293 Yu the Great, 20, 31, 43, 61, 73, 93, Zhenxun, 59, 60 193 Zhezhi dance, 181 Yu the Great’s territory, 42 Zhibai coins, 131 Yu the Great’s traces, 42 Zhicheng Gate, 106 Yuwang Tai, 81 zhi ku, 179 Yuyao River, 34 Zhili Canal, 35 Yuyuan Garden, 301 Zhi Market, 95, 110 Yu Yu (literally, Yu the Great’s terri- Zhishang (wine-servers’ lifang), 153 tory), 43 zhi she, 179 Yuzhang, 133, 178 Zhiyuan notes, 254 Yu zhu Palace, 142 Zhongdu, 235, 259 Zhonggu Tower, 251 Zhonghai, 338, 339 Z Zhonghe Festival, 174, 336 zaju, 250 Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing, 80 Zhang Heng, 104, 107, 115, 137 zhongji, 282, 300, 336 Zhanghe River, 28 Zhong Kang, 59 Zhangjiawan, 35, 254, 258 Zhonglou, 260 Zhang Qian, 111 Zhongnanhai, 235 Zhangtai Palace, 94 Zhong Rong, 145 Zhang Xian, 224 Zhongshan Park, 16, 273 Zhangye, 140, 292 Zhongshu Sheng, 253, 257 Zhang Yi, 91, 122, 123 Zhongtong notes, 254 Index 385

Zhou Benji, 71, 72 Zichan, 21 The Zhou Book of Change, 5, 6, 77, 229 Zicheng, 161, 173, 191, 193, 298 Zhou Dynasty, 7, 16, 17, 36, 71–74, Zi Ji Palace, 142 76, 84, 146, 199, 203, 218, 236, Ziying, 99 242 Ziyun Tower, 174 Zhoukoudian, 7, 55 The Zizhi Tongjian, 169, 186, 226 Zhouqiao Bridge, 207 Zongzhou, 73, 84 Zhuang-shi, 153 Zu Chongzhi, 135, 144, 145 Zhu Di, 35, 267, 272, 298 Zuoan Gate, 299 Zhuge Liang, 120 Zuo Feng Xu, 97 Zhui Shu, 145 Zuo (means workshop in ancient Zhuo River, 28 China), 227 Zhuque Avenue, 175 Zuo’s Commentary on Spring and Zhuque Bridge, 141 Autumn Annals, 79, 229 Zhuque Gate, 114, 141, 175, 200 Zuo Si, 123, 137 Zhuxian Town, 34, 81