Resistance to Christianity. the Heresies at the Origins of the 18<Sup

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Resistance to Christianity. the Heresies at the Origins of the 18<Sup Library.Anarhija.Net The Resistance to Christianity. The Heresies at the Origins of the 18th Century Raoul Vaneigem Raoul Vaneigem The Resistance to Christianity. The Heresies at the Origins ofthe 18th Century 1993 Retrieved on December 21, 2009 from www.notbored.org Published by Editions Artheme Fayard in 1993. Translated from the French by NOT BORED! All footnotes by the author, except where noted. March 2007. Thanks to Christopher Gray and Kim Paice for material support and encouragement. To Contact NOT BORED! [email protected] ISSN 1084–7340. Snail mail: POB 1115, Stuyvesant Station, New York City 10009–9998 lib.anarhija.net 1993 Contents Translator’s Introduction 10 Foreword 20 Chapter 1: A Nation Sacrificed to History 33 Chapter 2: Diaspora and Anti-Semitism 54 Jewish Proselytism and Anti-Semitism . 57 Chapter 3: The Judean Sects 65 The Sadduceans ....................... 65 The Pharisians ........................ 68 The Zealot Movement .................... 72 Chapter 4: The Men of the Community, or the Essenes 82 History of the Sect ...................... 83 Monachism and Ecclesiastic Organization . 87 Essenism is the True Original Christianity . 91 The Messiah ......................... 92 The Essene Churches .................... 97 A Dualist Tendency . 100 Towards a Judeo-Christian Syncretism . 102 Chapter 5: The Baptist Movement of the Samaritan Messiah Dusis/Dosithea 105 Shadow and Light from Samaria . 105 The Messiah Dusis/Dunstan/Dosithea . 107 2 • Wiesel, W., “Bibliography of Spiritual Libertines,” in Religion Chapter 6: Simon of Samaria and Gnostic Radicality 113 in Geschicte und Gegenwort. The So-Called Disciples of Simon . 126 • Wilker, R.-L., Le Mythe des Origines Chretiennes, Paris, 1971. Chapter 7: The phallic and fusional cults 129 The Naassenes or Ophites . 131 • Williams, G.H., The Radical Reformation, Philadelphia, 1962. Perates, Cainites, Nicolaites, Koukeens . 136 • Wilson, R.M., Studies in the Gospel of Thomas, London, 1960. Justin the Gnostic and the Book of Baruch . 146 The Adepts of Barbelo . 154 • Wippold, R., Hendrik Niklaes, in Zeitschrift fur Historische The- ologie, 1862. Chapter 8: Three Esseno-Christian Christs: Seth, Melchizedek, and Joshua/Jesus 163 • Wittaker, M., Acta Pilatis, Paris, 1912. The Messiah Seth . 165 The Messiah Melchizedek . 171 •—, Oratio ad Graecos and Fragments, Oxford, 1982. Joshua/Jesus, Unknown Prophet and Syncretic Messiah . 174 • Workman, H.B., The Dawn of the Reformation, London, 1901– Elements of a Forgery . 179 1902. Chapter 9: the Messianic sects of Joshua/Jesus: Nazarenes, • Wunsch, R., Sethianische Verfluchtungstafeln aus Rom, Ebionites, Elchasaites 191 Leipzig, 1898. Nazarenes and Ebionites . 192 Elchasaites . 194 • Yadin, Y., The Ben Sira Scroll from Masada, Jerusalem, 1965. Chapter 10: Quarrels about Prophets and Apostles: Jochanaan, Theudas/Jude/Thomas, Jacob, Simon-Peter, Barnabas, Saul/Paul 197 Jochanaan, Called John The Baptist . 198 Theudas/Jude/Thomas . 203 Jacob ............................. 206 Simon-Peter . 210 Barnabas . 217 Saul, Called Paul of Tarse . 221 Chapter 11: Marcion and the Hellenization of Christianity 233 722 3 Chapter 12: The Inventors of a Christian Theology: • — , “Hadewijch,” in Revue d’ascetique et de Mystique, Paris, Basilides, Valentine, Ptolemy 244 1924. Basilides Of Alexandria . 245 Valentine And The Valentinians . 257 • Vaneigem, R., Le Mouvement du Libre-Esprit, Paris, 1986. Ptolemy ............................ 263 • Vernet, E., “Bogomiles,” in Dictionnaire de Theologie The Pistis Sophia . 269 Catholique, 1909. Chapter 13: Marcos and the Hellenization of Jewish Her- • — , “Les Freres du Libre-Esprit,” in Dictionnaire de Theologie meticism 272 Catholique, Paris, 1920. Chapter 14: Carpocratus, Epiphanius and the Tradition of • Vilmar, Annales Samaritani Abulfathi, Gotha, 1865. Simon of Samaria 281 • Vogt, H.J., Coetus Santorum. Der Kirchenbegriff des Novatien Chapter 15: The New Prophecy and the Development of und die Geschicte seiner Sonderkirche, Bonn, 1968. Popular Christianity 288 The New Prophecy And The Christian Philosophers Of • Vonaux, Les Actes de Pierre, Paris, 1922. The Second Century . 298 • Vos, K., “De doopgezinden te Antwerpen in de XVI eeuw,” in Justin The Apologist . 298 Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, Brussels, 1920. Hermas and The Pastor . 302 Irenaeus Of Lyon . 304 • Vuarnet, J.-N., L’Extase Feminine. Tertullian, Philosopher Of The New Prophecy . 307 • Vuillaud, P., “Fin du Monde et Prophetes Modernes,” in Les Chapter 16: Tatian and the Fabrication of the New Testament310 Cahiers d’Hermes, Paris, 1947. The Canonical Gospels . 312 • Wasmod (Johann of Hamburg), Contra Hereticos Bekardos Lul- Chapter 17: Three Local Christianities: Edessa and Barde- hardos et Swestriones, in Haupt (see above). sane, Alexandria and Origen, Antioch and Paul of • Wattenbach, W., “Uber die Sekte der Bruder vom Freien Samosate 326 Geiste,” in Sitzingsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Bardesane Of Edessa . 326 Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin, 1887. Audi .............................. 331 Origen Of Alexandria . 331 • Werner, E., and Buttner, Th., Circumcellion und Mittelalter, Paul Of Samosate, Bishop Of Antioch . 334 Leipzig, 1957–1958. Chapter 18: Novatian, the Apostate Clergy and the Anti- • Whittaker, M., Jews and Christians: Greco-Roman Views, Cam- Montanist Reaction 337 bridge, 1984. 4 721 •—, Apologetique, Paris, 1961. Chapter 19: Arianism and the Church of Rome 343 Eusebius Of Cesarea . 344 • Thery, G., Autour du Decret de 1210. David de Dinant. Etude Arius ............................. 347 sur son pantheisme materialiste, Paris, 1925. Chapter 20: Donat and the Circoncellions 352 • Thomas of Cantimpre, Bonum Universale de Apibus, Douai, 1627. Chapter 21: The Spirituals, Also Called Messalians or Euchites357 • Thouzellier, C., Une Somme Anticathare. Le “Liber contra Borborites, Coddians, Stratiotics, Phemionites . 362 Manicheos” de Durand de Huesca, Louvain, 1964. Chapter 22: Monophysites and Dyophysites 364 •—, Catharisme et Valdeisme en Languedoc, Paris, 1966. Chapter 23: Pelagius and Augustine, or the Conception of • Tocci, N., I Manoscritti de mar Morto, Bari, 1967. Free Will and Predestination 372 • Torrey, C.C., “Certainly Pseudo-Ezekiel,” in Journal of Biblical Chapter 24: Priscillian of Avila 379 Literature, 1934. Chapter 25: Paulicians and Bogomiles 385 • Tournier, J., Meltkisedek ou la Tradition Primordiale, Paris. The Paulicians . 385 The Bogomiles . 389 • Tresmontant, Cl., Le Christianisme hebru, Paris, 1983. Chapter 26: Christs and Reformers: Popular Resistance to • Trithemius, J., Annales Hirsaugienses, Saint-Gall, 1690. the Institutional Church 397 • Tyschendorf, C., Apocalipsis apocriphae, Leipzig, 1966. The Christ Of Bourges . 398 Aldebert . 399 • Vaernevijck, M. van, Memoire d’un Practicien Gantois sur les Leuthard . 400 Troubles Religieux en Flandre, Brussels, 1906. Eudes De L’etoile, Or Eudo De Stella . 401 Two Reformers: Pierre De Bruys And Henri Du Mans . 403 • Vaillant, A., Le Livre des Secrets d’Henoch. Texte Slave et Tra- duction Francaise, Paris, 1976. Chapter 27: The Communalist Prophets 407 •—, Le Traite contre les Bogomiles du Pretre Cosmas, 1944. The Patarin Movement . 408 Tanchelm Of Antwerp . 411 • Van Meteren, E., Histoire der Nederlanden, Amsterdam, 1623. Arnaud Of Brescia . 412 Ugo Speroni . 414 • Van Mierlot, “Bloemardinne,” in Dictionnaire d’histoire et de geographie Ecclesiastique, Paris, 1926. 720 5 Chapter 28: Philosophy against the Church 416 • Spatling, L., De Apostolicis, pseudo-apostolicis, Munich, 1947. John Scotus Erigena . 418 David Of Dinant . 422 • Spizelius, G., Scrutinio Atheismi, Krakow, 1585. Thomas Scoto, Hermann De Rijswijck . 424 • Starcky, J., “Un texte messianique arameen de la grotte de Qumran,” in Memorial du cinquantenaire de l’ecole des langues Chapter 29: The Cathars 426 orientales de l’Institut catholique de Paris, 1964. The First Bogomile Missionaries . 427 The Second Wave Of Bogomile Prediction . 431 • Stefano, Riformatori e eretici del Medioevo, Palerma, 1938. The End Of Catharism . 436 Dualism And Asceticism . 438 • Strobel A., Das Heilige Land der Montanisten. Eine Religions- geographische Untersuchung, Berlin-New York, 1980. Chapter 30: The Vaudois and the Adepts of Voluntary Poverty441 • Strounsa, G., Aher, A Gnostic, in MI Chapter 31: The Movement of the Free-Spirit 453 The Amaurians . 454 • Tardieu, M., Le Manicheisme, Paris, 1981. Fin Amor . 459 • — , “Les livres mis sous le nom de Seth et les Sethiens de The New Spirit Of Souabe . 460 l’heresiologie,” in Gnosis and Gnosticism, Nag-Hammadi Stud- Marguerite Porete . 463 ies, Leyden, 1977. Heilwige Bloemardine . 467 William Cornelius Of Antwerp: Voluntarily Poor And •—, Trois Mythes Gnostiques: Adam, Eros et les Animaux dans Free-Spirit . 470 un ecrit de Nah-Hammadi, Paris, 1974. Chapter 32: Beghards and Beguines 473 • Teicher, J.-L., “The Teachings of the Pre-Pauline Church in the The Communities Of Cologne And Schweidnitz . 476 Dead Sea Scrolls,” in The Journal of Jewish Studies, 1952. Wandering Beghards And Beguines . 478 The End Of The Beghards And Beguines . 485 • Tertullian, Ad Scapulam, Vindobonae, 1957. •—, Adversos Marcionem, Oxford, 1972. Chapter 33: The Millenarianists 488 Joachim Of Fiore . 489 •—, Adversos Judeos, in Opera Omnia. Joachimism . 492 Gerardo Segarelli . 493 •—, Contre les Valentiniens, Paris, 1980–1981. The Guillelmites . 497 •—, De Anima, Amsterdam, 1947. Dolcino Of Novara . 500 •—, De Paenitencia, Paris, 1906. Chapter 34: The Flagellants 505 6 719 •
Recommended publications
  • Friars' Bookshelf 385
    The Lie About the West. A Response to Professor Toynbee's challenge. By Douglas Jerrold. New York, Sheed and Ward, 1954. pp. 85. $1.75. Will the civilization of Europe and the \.Vestern Hemisphere decline and die like all others of the past, or will it rally and live? Professor Arnold Toynbee, the eminent British historian, proponent of the theory of challenge and response as the key to history, has proposed a possible answer in a recent book, The World and the T~ est. He views the present world crisis as the result of a "response" by the rest of the world (Russia and the Orient) to the "challenge" of continued Western aggression, both military and technological. Draw­ ing a parallel with the declining Roman Empire, which after numerous aggressions was converted to eastern religions-principally and finally to Christianity, he thinks it probable that the West will be converted to a new religion coming from the Orient. This will not be Commun­ ism, he adds in a letter to The Times Literary Su.pplement (April 16, 1954), but an entirely new religion which he hopes will retain the Christian belief in God as Love but will discard the notion of a jealous God and a chosen people in favor of a more universal view, borrowed perhaps from Indian Buddhism. Mr. Douglas Jerrold, another English historian, has called this doctrine a lie in his "response to Professor Toynbee "s challenge." It is a lie against fact, against reason, and against faith. It is against fact because the West was not an aggressor but was on the defensive for a thousand years against the Northmen, Magyars, and Turks; because Christianity was not and is not one of many "oriental re­ ligions" but an historical one which arose within the Roman Empire and was spread by Roman citizens; because Roman civilization was not spread merely by force of arms.
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Blavatsky on the Holy Union of High Occultists
    Madame Blavatsky on the Holy Union of High Occultists Madame Blavatsky on the Holy Union of High Occultists.docm v. 10.20, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 10 March 2021 Page 1 of 5 SECRET DOCTRINE’S THIRD PROPOSITION SERIES Abstract and train of thoughts On the marriage of Christos, our personal “god,” with Sophia or Divine Wisdom Carnal proclivities impede man’s yearning for merging self in Self. Unnatural sexual unions between the living man and the beauteous beings of the Elemental world, arise from the abnormal surexcitation of the nervous system and animal passions, through the unclean imagination of the “sensitive.” 4 Madame Blavatsky on the Holy Union of High Occultists.docm v. 10.21, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 10 March 2021 Page 2 of 5 MAN’S YEARNING FOR MERGING SELF IN SELF THE MARRIAGE OF CHRISTOS WITH SOPHIA Carnal proclivities impede man’s yearning for merging self in Self. First published in Lucifer, Vol. III (14), October 1888, pp. 131-32. Republished in Blavatsky Collected Writings, (MISCELLANEOUS NOTES) X pp. 155-56. [The following important Editorial Note is appended by H.P. Blavatsky to an article dealing with the fu- ture androgynous human being, and the traditional tales, both of classical antiquity and later times, concerning non-physical beings uniting with physical ones.] Begging our esteemed correspondent’s pardon, we believe it dangerous to leave what he says without an explanation. There is an enormous difference between the Sophia of the Theosophist Gichtel, an Initiate and Rosicrucian (1638–1710),1 and the mod- ern Lillies, John Kings, and “Sympneumatas.” The “Brides” of the Mediæval adepts are an allegory, while those of the modern mediums are astral realities of black mag- ic.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Book
    Respectable Folly Garrett, Clarke Published by Johns Hopkins University Press Garrett, Clarke. Respectable Folly: Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. Project MUSE. doi:10.1353/book.67841. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/67841 [ Access provided at 2 Oct 2021 03:07 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. HOPKINS OPEN PUBLISHING ENCORE EDITIONS Clarke Garrett Respectable Folly Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England Open access edition supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. © 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press Published 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. CC BY-NC-ND ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3177-2 (open access) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3177-7 (open access) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3175-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3175-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3176-5 (electronic) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3176-9 (electronic) This page supersedes the copyright page included in the original publication of this work. Respectable Folly RESPECTABLE FOLLY M illenarians and the French Revolution in France and England 4- Clarke Garrett The Johns Hopkins University Press BALTIMORE & LONDON This book has been brought to publication with the generous assistance of the Andrew W.
    [Show full text]
  • Dositheos Notaras, the Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669-1707), Confronts the Challenges of Modernity
    IN SEARCH OF A CONFESSIONAL IDENTITY: DOSITHEOS NOTARAS, THE PATRIARCH OF JERUSALEM (1669-1707), CONFRONTS THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher George Rene IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser Theofanis G. Stavrou SEPTEMBER 2020 © Christopher G Rene, September 2020 i Acknowledgements Without the steadfast support of my teachers, family and friends this dissertation would not have been possible, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to express my deep debt of gratitude and thank them all. I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, who together guided me through to the completion of this dissertation. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou provided a resourceful outlet by helping me navigate through administrative channels and stay on course academically. Moreover, he fostered an inviting space for parrhesia with vigorous dialogue and intellectual tenacity on the ideas of identity, modernity, and the role of Patriarch Dositheos. It was in fact Professor Stavrou who many years ago at a Slavic conference broached the idea of an Orthodox Commonwealth that inspired other academics and myself to pursue the topic. Professor Carla Phillips impressed upon me the significance of daily life among the people of Europe during the early modern period (1450-1800). As Professor Phillips’ teaching assistant for a number of years, I witnessed lectures that animated the historical narrative and inspired students to question their own unique sense of historical continuity and discontinuities. Thank you, Professor Phillips, for such a pedagogical example.
    [Show full text]
  • Von Greyerz Translated by Thomas Dunlap
    Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 This page intentionally left blank Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 kaspar von greyerz translated by thomas dunlap 1 2008 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2008 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greyerz, Kaspar von. [Religion und Kultur. English] Religion and culture in early modern Europe, 1500–1800 / Kaspar von Greyerz ; Translated by Thomas Dunlap. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-19-532765-6 (cloth); 978-0-19-532766-3 (pbk.) 1. Religion and culture—Europe—History. 2. Europe—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL65.C8G7413 2007 274'.06—dc22 2007001259 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Maya Widmer This page intentionally left blank Preface When I wrote the foreword to the original German edition of this book in March 2000, I took the secularized social and cultural cli- mate in which Europeans live today as a reason for reminding the reader of the special effort he or she had to make in order to grasp the central role of religion in the cultures and societies of early modern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Arcana & Curiosa
    ARCANA & CURIOSA MY PERSONAL LIBRARY * Notes: * The data listed here have been exported from an .fp5 file and they may contain some formatting glitch. Any ambiguities however may be solved by consulting the websites quoted in the records of downloaded materials and/or the main online OPACs, especially the University of Manchester’s COPAC (http://copac.ac.uk/) and OPALE, the online catalogue of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/). * This catalogue included printed materials as well as electronic resources published online; there is no separation of the two in sections, but all are recorded in the same database for quick reference, because I don’t always remember whether my copy of a certain work is printed or electronic. * The records are listed A-Z by surname of first author and first word in the title (articles included). * A passage to the Afterworld, http://www.knowth.com/newgrange.htm, download aprile 2003, ripubblicato da «The World of Hibernia», Cultura materiale e archeologia A Proper newe Booke of Cokerye (mid-16th c.), http://www.staff.uni- marburg.de/~gloning/bookecok.htm, download maggio 2004, Cultura materiale e archeologia Ad fontes: gnostic sources in the BPH, J.R. Ritman Library -- Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica. The Library of Hermetic Philosophy in Amsterdam, http://www.xs4all.nl/~bph/, download agosto 2002, Alchimia Aesch-Mezareph, traduzione inglese di W. Wynn Westcott, The Alchemy Web, http://www.levity.com/alchemy, download ottobre 2001, Adam McLean, Alchimia Alchemical and chemical
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745
    Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonathan Sheehan, chair Professor Ethan Shagan Professor Niklaus Largier Summer 2018 Abstract Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonathan Sheehan, Chair This dissertation explores a unique religious awakening among early modern Protestants whose primary feature was a revival of ascetic, monastic practices a century after the early Reformers condemned such practices. By the early seventeenth-century, a widespread dissatisfaction can be discerned among many awakened Protestants at the suppression of the monastic life and a new interest in reintroducing ascetic practices like celibacy, poverty, and solitary withdrawal to Protestant devotion. The introduction and chapter one explain how the absence of monasticism as an institutionally sanctioned means to express intensified holiness posed a problem to many Protestants. Large numbers of dissenters fled the mainstream Protestant religions—along with what they viewed as an increasingly materialistic, urbanized world—to seek new ways to experience God through lives of seclusion and ascetic self-deprival. In the following chapters, I show how this ascetic impulse drove the formation of new religious communities, transatlantic migration, and gave birth to new attitudes and practices toward sexuality and gender among Protestants. The study consists of four case studies, each examining a different non-conformist community that experimented with ascetic ritual and monasticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. ‘Medicine’, in William Morris, ed., The American Heritage Dictionary (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976); ‘medicine n.’, in The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English, Oxford Reference Online (Oxford University Press, 1999), University of Toronto Libraries, http://www.oxfordreference.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/ views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t21.e19038 [accessed 22 August 2008]. 2. The term doctor was derived from the Latin docere, to teach. See Vern Bullough, ‘The Term Doctor’, Journal of the History of Medicine, 18 (1963): 284–7. 3. Dorothy Porter and Roy Porter, Patient’s Progress: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), p. 11. 4. I am indebted to many previous scholars who have worked on popular healers. See particularly work by scholars such as Margaret Pelling, Roy Porter, Monica Green, Andrew Weir, Doreen Nagy, Danielle Jacquart, Nancy Siraisi, Luis García Ballester, Matthew Ramsey, Colin Jones and Lawrence Brockliss. Mary Lindemann, Merry Weisner, Katharine Park, Carole Rawcliffe and Joseph Shatzmiller have brought to light the importance of both the multiplicity of medical practitioners that have existed throughout history, and the fact that most of these were not university trained. This is in no way a complete list of the authors I have consulted in prepa- ration of this book; however, their studies have been ground-breaking in terms of stressing the importance of popular healers. 5. This collection contains excellent specialized articles on different aspects of female health-care and midwifery in medieval Iberia, and Early Modern Germany, England and France. The articles are not comparative in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Fragments of a Forgotten Aiÿn an Outline on a Gnostic Myth
    Kervan – Rivista Internazionale di studii afroasiatici n. 2 – luglio 2005 FRAGMENTS OF A FORGOTTEN AIŸN AN OUTLINE ON A GNOSTIC MYTH di Ezio Albrile Gnostics regard the cosmos as the result of an «error» or of a hybris begotten in the transcendent world. Reality is perceived as a great dream intentionally moulded by the Demiurge in order to forget the Light concealed in the creations. By consequence, the power of the Demiurge consists precisely in being the creator and keeper of a level of existence limited in space and time. Gnostic imagination plastically depicts the homicide and ignorant Demiurge with the features of an abnormous creature with the head of a lion and wings, enveloped in the coils of a snake. Thus, Gnostics reinterpreted a key figure in the syncretic pantheon of late Hellenism, i. e. AiŸn, the god of endless eternity, the Saeculum, the Iranic Zurw…n, the Jewish ‚Ol…m. This means that AiŸn involved contacts with two different visions: the AiŸnes are the creations that populate the gnostic pl‡rŸma, immortal and eternal entities, and outside the pl‡rŸma the demiurgic AiŸn arises as the result of a divine «fault», a monstrous being whose somatic features can be found in the Orphic and Mithriac iconography. The central idea of Gnosticism, as of all the mystery religions, is that of salvation; a or inner knowledge was offered to the elect, through which the soul might be delivered from its condition of bondage. Salvation, as understood by Christianity is fundamentally ethical or «religious» in its meaning (Gnoli 1967: 290), but in Gnosticism the ethical aspect of redemption falls almost completely into the background of a ritual praxis.
    [Show full text]
  • What Painting Is “A Truly Original Book
    More praise for What Painting Is “A truly original book. It will make you look at paintings differently and think about paint differently.”—Boston Globe “ This is a novel way of considering paintings, and excitingly different from standard art criticism.”—Atlantic Monthly “The best books often introduce new worlds. What Painting Is exposes the reader to painting materials, brushstroke techniques, and alchemy of all things, in a book filled with rich descriptions and illuminating insight. Read this and you’ll never look at paintings in the same way again.”— Columbus Dispatch “ James Elkins, his academic laces untied, traces a mysterious, evocation and an utterly convincing parallel between two spirits grounded in the earth—alchemy and painting. The author is an alchemist of ideas, and a painter. His openness to the love of quicksilver and sulfur, to putrefying animal excretions, and his expertise in imprimaturas, his feeling for the mysteries of the brushstroke —all of these allow him to concoct a heady elixir.” —Roald Hoffmann, Winner of the Noble Prize in Chemistry, 1981 What Painting Is How to Think about Oil Painting, Using the Language of Alchemy James Elkins Routledge New York • London Published in 2000 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE Copyright © 1999 by Routledge All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Saints, Signs Symbols
    \ SAINTS, SIGNS and SYMBOLS by W. ELLWOOD POST Illustrated and revised by the author FOREWORD BY EDWARD N. WEST SECOND EDITION CHRIST THE KING A symbol composed of the Chi Rho and crown. The crown and Chi are gold with Rho of silver on a blue field. First published in Great Britain in 1964 Fourteenth impression 1999 SPCK Holy Trinity Church Acknowledgements Marylebone Road London NW1 4DU To the Rev. Dr. Edward N. West, Canon Sacrist of the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine, New York, who has © 1962, 1974 by Morehouse-Barlow Co. graciously given of his scholarly knowledge and fatherly encouragement, I express my sincere gratitude. Also, 1 wish to ISBN 0 281 02894 X tender my thanks to the Rev. Frank V. H. Carthy, Rector of Christ Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey, who initiated my Printed in Great Britain by interest in the drama of the Church; and to my wife, Bette, for Hart-Talbot Printers Ltd her loyal co-operation. Saffron Walden, Essex The research material used has been invaluable, and I am indebted to writers, past and contemporary. They are: E. E. Dorling, Heraldry of the Church; Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, Guide to Heraldry; Shirley C. Hughson of the Order of the Holy Cross, Athletes of God; Dr. F. C. Husenbeth Emblems of Saints; C. Wilfrid Scott-Giles, The Romance of Heraldry; and F. R. Webber, Church Symbolism. W. ELLWOOD POST Foreword Contents Ellwood Post's book is a genuine addition to the ecclesiological library. It contains a monumental mass of material which is not Page ordinarily available in one book - particularly if the reader must depend in general on the English language.
    [Show full text]