Library.Anarhija.Net The Resistance to Christianity. The Heresies at the Origins of the 18th Century Raoul Vaneigem Raoul Vaneigem The Resistance to Christianity. The Heresies at the Origins ofthe 18th Century 1993 Retrieved on December 21, 2009 from www.notbored.org Published by Editions Artheme Fayard in 1993. Translated from the French by NOT BORED! All footnotes by the author, except where noted. March 2007. Thanks to Christopher Gray and Kim Paice for material support and encouragement. To Contact NOT BORED! [email protected] ISSN 1084–7340. Snail mail: POB 1115, Stuyvesant Station, New York City 10009–9998 lib.anarhija.net 1993 Contents Translator’s Introduction 10 Foreword 20 Chapter 1: A Nation Sacrificed to History 33 Chapter 2: Diaspora and Anti-Semitism 54 Jewish Proselytism and Anti-Semitism . 57 Chapter 3: The Judean Sects 65 The Sadduceans ....................... 65 The Pharisians ........................ 68 The Zealot Movement .................... 72 Chapter 4: The Men of the Community, or the Essenes 82 History of the Sect ...................... 83 Monachism and Ecclesiastic Organization . 87 Essenism is the True Original Christianity . 91 The Messiah ......................... 92 The Essene Churches .................... 97 A Dualist Tendency . 100 Towards a Judeo-Christian Syncretism . 102 Chapter 5: The Baptist Movement of the Samaritan Messiah Dusis/Dosithea 105 Shadow and Light from Samaria . 105 The Messiah Dusis/Dunstan/Dosithea . 107 2 • Wiesel, W., “Bibliography of Spiritual Libertines,” in Religion Chapter 6: Simon of Samaria and Gnostic Radicality 113 in Geschicte und Gegenwort. The So-Called Disciples of Simon . 126 • Wilker, R.-L., Le Mythe des Origines Chretiennes, Paris, 1971. Chapter 7: The phallic and fusional cults 129 The Naassenes or Ophites . 131 • Williams, G.H., The Radical Reformation, Philadelphia, 1962. Perates, Cainites, Nicolaites, Koukeens . 136 • Wilson, R.M., Studies in the Gospel of Thomas, London, 1960. Justin the Gnostic and the Book of Baruch . 146 The Adepts of Barbelo . 154 • Wippold, R., Hendrik Niklaes, in Zeitschrift fur Historische The- ologie, 1862. Chapter 8: Three Esseno-Christian Christs: Seth, Melchizedek, and Joshua/Jesus 163 • Wittaker, M., Acta Pilatis, Paris, 1912. The Messiah Seth . 165 The Messiah Melchizedek . 171 •—, Oratio ad Graecos and Fragments, Oxford, 1982. Joshua/Jesus, Unknown Prophet and Syncretic Messiah . 174 • Workman, H.B., The Dawn of the Reformation, London, 1901– Elements of a Forgery . 179 1902. Chapter 9: the Messianic sects of Joshua/Jesus: Nazarenes, • Wunsch, R., Sethianische Verfluchtungstafeln aus Rom, Ebionites, Elchasaites 191 Leipzig, 1898. Nazarenes and Ebionites . 192 Elchasaites . 194 • Yadin, Y., The Ben Sira Scroll from Masada, Jerusalem, 1965. Chapter 10: Quarrels about Prophets and Apostles: Jochanaan, Theudas/Jude/Thomas, Jacob, Simon-Peter, Barnabas, Saul/Paul 197 Jochanaan, Called John The Baptist . 198 Theudas/Jude/Thomas . 203 Jacob ............................. 206 Simon-Peter . 210 Barnabas . 217 Saul, Called Paul of Tarse . 221 Chapter 11: Marcion and the Hellenization of Christianity 233 722 3 Chapter 12: The Inventors of a Christian Theology: • — , “Hadewijch,” in Revue d’ascetique et de Mystique, Paris, Basilides, Valentine, Ptolemy 244 1924. Basilides Of Alexandria . 245 Valentine And The Valentinians . 257 • Vaneigem, R., Le Mouvement du Libre-Esprit, Paris, 1986. Ptolemy ............................ 263 • Vernet, E., “Bogomiles,” in Dictionnaire de Theologie The Pistis Sophia . 269 Catholique, 1909. Chapter 13: Marcos and the Hellenization of Jewish Her- • — , “Les Freres du Libre-Esprit,” in Dictionnaire de Theologie meticism 272 Catholique, Paris, 1920. Chapter 14: Carpocratus, Epiphanius and the Tradition of • Vilmar, Annales Samaritani Abulfathi, Gotha, 1865. Simon of Samaria 281 • Vogt, H.J., Coetus Santorum. Der Kirchenbegriff des Novatien Chapter 15: The New Prophecy and the Development of und die Geschicte seiner Sonderkirche, Bonn, 1968. Popular Christianity 288 The New Prophecy And The Christian Philosophers Of • Vonaux, Les Actes de Pierre, Paris, 1922. The Second Century . 298 • Vos, K., “De doopgezinden te Antwerpen in de XVI eeuw,” in Justin The Apologist . 298 Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, Brussels, 1920. Hermas and The Pastor . 302 Irenaeus Of Lyon . 304 • Vuarnet, J.-N., L’Extase Feminine. Tertullian, Philosopher Of The New Prophecy . 307 • Vuillaud, P., “Fin du Monde et Prophetes Modernes,” in Les Chapter 16: Tatian and the Fabrication of the New Testament310 Cahiers d’Hermes, Paris, 1947. The Canonical Gospels . 312 • Wasmod (Johann of Hamburg), Contra Hereticos Bekardos Lul- Chapter 17: Three Local Christianities: Edessa and Barde- hardos et Swestriones, in Haupt (see above). sane, Alexandria and Origen, Antioch and Paul of • Wattenbach, W., “Uber die Sekte der Bruder vom Freien Samosate 326 Geiste,” in Sitzingsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Bardesane Of Edessa . 326 Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin, 1887. Audi .............................. 331 Origen Of Alexandria . 331 • Werner, E., and Buttner, Th., Circumcellion und Mittelalter, Paul Of Samosate, Bishop Of Antioch . 334 Leipzig, 1957–1958. Chapter 18: Novatian, the Apostate Clergy and the Anti- • Whittaker, M., Jews and Christians: Greco-Roman Views, Cam- Montanist Reaction 337 bridge, 1984. 4 721 •—, Apologetique, Paris, 1961. Chapter 19: Arianism and the Church of Rome 343 Eusebius Of Cesarea . 344 • Thery, G., Autour du Decret de 1210. David de Dinant. Etude Arius ............................. 347 sur son pantheisme materialiste, Paris, 1925. Chapter 20: Donat and the Circoncellions 352 • Thomas of Cantimpre, Bonum Universale de Apibus, Douai, 1627. Chapter 21: The Spirituals, Also Called Messalians or Euchites357 • Thouzellier, C., Une Somme Anticathare. Le “Liber contra Borborites, Coddians, Stratiotics, Phemionites . 362 Manicheos” de Durand de Huesca, Louvain, 1964. Chapter 22: Monophysites and Dyophysites 364 •—, Catharisme et Valdeisme en Languedoc, Paris, 1966. Chapter 23: Pelagius and Augustine, or the Conception of • Tocci, N., I Manoscritti de mar Morto, Bari, 1967. Free Will and Predestination 372 • Torrey, C.C., “Certainly Pseudo-Ezekiel,” in Journal of Biblical Chapter 24: Priscillian of Avila 379 Literature, 1934. Chapter 25: Paulicians and Bogomiles 385 • Tournier, J., Meltkisedek ou la Tradition Primordiale, Paris. The Paulicians . 385 The Bogomiles . 389 • Tresmontant, Cl., Le Christianisme hebru, Paris, 1983. Chapter 26: Christs and Reformers: Popular Resistance to • Trithemius, J., Annales Hirsaugienses, Saint-Gall, 1690. the Institutional Church 397 • Tyschendorf, C., Apocalipsis apocriphae, Leipzig, 1966. The Christ Of Bourges . 398 Aldebert . 399 • Vaernevijck, M. van, Memoire d’un Practicien Gantois sur les Leuthard . 400 Troubles Religieux en Flandre, Brussels, 1906. Eudes De L’etoile, Or Eudo De Stella . 401 Two Reformers: Pierre De Bruys And Henri Du Mans . 403 • Vaillant, A., Le Livre des Secrets d’Henoch. Texte Slave et Tra- duction Francaise, Paris, 1976. Chapter 27: The Communalist Prophets 407 •—, Le Traite contre les Bogomiles du Pretre Cosmas, 1944. The Patarin Movement . 408 Tanchelm Of Antwerp . 411 • Van Meteren, E., Histoire der Nederlanden, Amsterdam, 1623. Arnaud Of Brescia . 412 Ugo Speroni . 414 • Van Mierlot, “Bloemardinne,” in Dictionnaire d’histoire et de geographie Ecclesiastique, Paris, 1926. 720 5 Chapter 28: Philosophy against the Church 416 • Spatling, L., De Apostolicis, pseudo-apostolicis, Munich, 1947. John Scotus Erigena . 418 David Of Dinant . 422 • Spizelius, G., Scrutinio Atheismi, Krakow, 1585. Thomas Scoto, Hermann De Rijswijck . 424 • Starcky, J., “Un texte messianique arameen de la grotte de Qumran,” in Memorial du cinquantenaire de l’ecole des langues Chapter 29: The Cathars 426 orientales de l’Institut catholique de Paris, 1964. The First Bogomile Missionaries . 427 The Second Wave Of Bogomile Prediction . 431 • Stefano, Riformatori e eretici del Medioevo, Palerma, 1938. The End Of Catharism . 436 Dualism And Asceticism . 438 • Strobel A., Das Heilige Land der Montanisten. Eine Religions- geographische Untersuchung, Berlin-New York, 1980. Chapter 30: The Vaudois and the Adepts of Voluntary Poverty441 • Strounsa, G., Aher, A Gnostic, in MI Chapter 31: The Movement of the Free-Spirit 453 The Amaurians . 454 • Tardieu, M., Le Manicheisme, Paris, 1981. Fin Amor . 459 • — , “Les livres mis sous le nom de Seth et les Sethiens de The New Spirit Of Souabe . 460 l’heresiologie,” in Gnosis and Gnosticism, Nag-Hammadi Stud- Marguerite Porete . 463 ies, Leyden, 1977. Heilwige Bloemardine . 467 William Cornelius Of Antwerp: Voluntarily Poor And •—, Trois Mythes Gnostiques: Adam, Eros et les Animaux dans Free-Spirit . 470 un ecrit de Nah-Hammadi, Paris, 1974. Chapter 32: Beghards and Beguines 473 • Teicher, J.-L., “The Teachings of the Pre-Pauline Church in the The Communities Of Cologne And Schweidnitz . 476 Dead Sea Scrolls,” in The Journal of Jewish Studies, 1952. Wandering Beghards And Beguines . 478 The End Of The Beghards And Beguines . 485 • Tertullian, Ad Scapulam, Vindobonae, 1957. •—, Adversos Marcionem, Oxford, 1972. Chapter 33: The Millenarianists 488 Joachim Of Fiore . 489 •—, Adversos Judeos, in Opera Omnia. Joachimism . 492 Gerardo Segarelli . 493 •—, Contre les Valentiniens, Paris, 1980–1981. The Guillelmites . 497 •—, De Anima, Amsterdam, 1947. Dolcino Of Novara . 500 •—, De Paenitencia, Paris, 1906. Chapter 34: The Flagellants 505 6 719 •