Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 161: 180–185
Total Page：16
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! !! ! ! !ںတټक़חళჱ۫ܔ๘হጲԍࢺ ! ጒݴဆڦ༬՚࡛ࣜDŽࡤջ࡛Dž ሀࡪĄূ౫˄-&,! ',,-,˅ ᅉఱĄྼܻઊܻ˄ 4-,,#T#0)3'*˅ ઙຯĄద˄'!&-*13007˅ ᴀкЁⱘഄ⧚ৡ⿄Փ⫼ⱘᴤ᭭ϡᰃϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ݊㓪㗙ᇍӏԩᆊⱘ⊩ᕟഄԡǃ乚ೳ 䴶⿃ㅵ⧚ᴗ݊䖍⬠ⱘⳟ⊩DŽߎ⠜⠽ⱘ㾖⚍ᑊϡϔᅮҷ㸼Ϫ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ݊খϢ㒘㒛DŽ ߎ⠜㗙ᯪϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᯜ⨲Ḑ݄ᖋ ᴗᯪϪ⬠㞾✊㞾✊䌘⑤ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ⠜ ߎѢᬭ㚆Ⳃⱘ㗠ϡᰃଚϮⳂⱘৃҹߎ⠜ℸкᯜ᮴䳔ᦤࠡк䴶⬇䇋⠜ᴗ᠔᳝㗙ⱘᡍޚᯜԚ㽕⊼ᯢߎ ໘DŽϡ㒣⠜ᴗ᠔᳝㗙ⱘк䴶ᡍޚᯜ⽕ℶ䫔ଂ⫼ѢଚϮⳂⱘDŽ ᓩ᭛˖˖㑺㗄Ꮭ呺䞥ݰᯜӞ≗㗤Ꮭ㓈ᇨ༢ᇨሐৃᢝᮃᏝ〚⨲㓪ݭⱘljϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᇍϰफѮ╂䯈 ߚᵤNJᯜ⨲Ḑ݄ᖋϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮ㣅މ⢊ᏺᷪᙃഄ⡍߿ᰃ咘⍋ᯘ⏸⍋ᯙⱘ ࠥḹᅮᳳਞ᎕Ꮆ፵፻DŽ፧ ፧ ߎ⠜োISBN 978-2-8317-1641-1 ✻⠛ᯪᠬሐ·㥿ܟᯘTony Mokᯙᦤկᇕ䴶ᯜЁ⽣ᓎ䳲⌺ওⒽ⍖⾡ỡⱘ⍋㤝ᯫᵄ⏽·ᅝᯘJeongAhnᯙᦤ կ13义✻⠛(photo page 13), ᴼϛᖋᒋᯘJan van der Kam ᯙᦤկ7义3ᯫ䵴ѥঢ় ᯘJu Yung Kiᯙ ᦤկ18义Ḛ2ᯫሐܟ·㥿⨲ ᯘNick Murrayᯙᦤկ䰘ᔩ9ⱘ10DŽ ᴀߎ⠜⠽ৃҹҢϪ⬠ֱᡸ㘨ⲳߎ⠜᳡ࡵ䚼䮼㦋পᯜഄഔᰃᯪ Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland ⬉䆱ᯪ+41 22 999 0000 Ӵⳳᯪ+41 22 999 0020 ᄤֵӊᯪ[email protected]⬉ 㔥ഔ˖www.iucn.org/publications гৃҹϟ㔥ഔ㦋ᕫ˖www.iucn.org/asiancoastalwetlands ˅ѢϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ˄IUCN݇ ᮍḜDŽIUCNⱘᎹއϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᯜㅔ⿄IUCNᯜᐂࡽϪ⬠ᇏᡒ䞡⦃๗䯂乬থሩᣥⱘ㾷 ⧛乚ඳᰃ⫳⠽ḋᗻǃ⇨ব࣪ǃ㛑⑤ǃҎ㉏⫳䅵ǃϪ⬠㓓㡆㒣⌢DŽIUCNᬃᣕ⾥ᄺⷨおǃㅵ Ϫ⬠ഄⱘᅲഄ乍ⳂᯜϢᬓᑰǃ䴲ᬓᑰ㒘㒛ǃ㘨ড়݀ৌ݅ৠࠊᅮᬓㄪǃ⊩ᕟ᳔Շᅲ䏉DŽIUCN ᰃϪ⬠Ϟग᳔़ᙴЙǃ㾘᳔ⱘܼ⧗⦃๗㒘㒛DŽ᳝݅1200Ͼᬓᑰǃ䴲ᬓᑰ៤ਬᴹ㞾160Ͼ ᆊⱘ11000ৡᖫᜓ㗙DŽIUCNϪ⬠Ϟ᳝45Ͼࡲџ໘ᯜ1000ৡᎹҎਬᯜ䖬ᕫࠄⱒϾӭԈǃ䴲 ᬓᑰ㒘㒛⾕㧹ᴎᵘⱘᬃᣕDŽ㔥ഔᰃᯪwww.iucn.org IUCN ⱘ⠽⾡⫳ᄬྨਬӮ ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮᯘSSCᯙᰃIUCN݁Ͼᖫᜓ㗙ྨਬӮЁ᳔ⱘϔϾᯜܼ⧗᳝݅8000ৡϧᆊ៤ਬDŽ⠽⾡ ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮ䗮䖛IUCNⱘܼ⧗⠽⾡䅵ߦᓔሩᎹᯜIUCNঞ݊៤ਬህ⠽⾡ֱᡸ⾥ⷨᡔᴃᦤ ߎᓎ䆂ᯜҹֱᡸ⫳⠽ḋᗻⱘᴹDŽSSC䖬ᇍ⫳⠽ḋᗻֱᡸⳌ݇ण䆂ᦤկᎼⱘᡩܹDŽ㔥ഔᰃᯪ http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/about_ssc/index.cfm IUCN Ѯ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘ IUCN ⱘѮ⌆䅵ߦ⬅ IUCN Ѯ⌆⾬к໘े䆒ゟ⋄᳐䈋ⱘѮ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘ᯘㅔ⿄ AROᯙㅵ⧚DŽ 䆹 ࡲџ໘Ϣ IUCN 䆒ゟ⨲Ḑ݄ᖋⱘᘏ䚼ֱᣕᆚߛⱘড়㘨㋏DŽIUCN Ѯ⌆⾬к໘᳝ 300 ৡᎹ ҎਬᯜߚᏗᄳࡴᢝǃ᷀ඨᆼǃЁǃॄᑺǃ㗕ᣱǃሐᏩᇨǃᏈᮃഺǃᮃ䞠݄वǃ⋄䍞 फDŽЎᑨᇍѮ⌆䎼⬠⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ㅵ⧚ⱘᣥಲᑨ៤ਬⱘ㽕∖ˈѮ⌆ऎඳ䇗ᭈ៤ゟϝϾऎඳಶ ԧᯜᅗӀᰃᯪϰफѮಶԧᯘ᷀ඨᆼǃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ㗕ᣱǃᮄࡴവǃ⋄ǃϰᏱ≊䍞फᯙᯫफѮ ऎඳಶԧᯘࣙᣀफѮⱘ᠔᳝ᆊᯙᯜ⬅ IUCN फѮ៤ਬҷ㸼䕂⌕䋳䋷ㅵ⧚ᯫϰ࣫Ѯऎඳಶԧᯜ ⬅Ѯ⌆ऎඳЏӏⳈㅵ⧚ᯜᑊϢЁᆊҷ㸼ᆚߛড়˄Ёǃ㩭সǃ᮹ᴀǃᳱ剰䶽˅DŽ Ⳃᔩ ᠻ㸠ᨬ㽕 ................................................................................................................... … ii 1. ᓩ㿔 ......................................................................................................................... 5 2. ⷨおᮍ⊩ .................................................................................................................. 6 3. ϰѮϰफѮⱘ╂䯈ᏺ ........................................................................................... 7 䋼 – ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ䞡㽕ᗻϢӋؐ ............................................................ 8⠽≭⊹ .4 5. 䆚߿⡍߿ⱘഄഫ⠽⾡ ........................................................................................... 9 6. ݊Ҫ⠽⾡᳡ࡵⱘᑇ㸠ϟ䰡 .................................................................................... 12 7. ᇍ╂䯈ᏺⱘ࿕㚕 ....................................................................................................... 15 8. ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ⍜༅ ................................................................................................ 18 9. ೳഄᓔൺᓩ䍋ⱘ⠽⾡ϟ䰡Ϣᷪᙃഄϻ༅П䯈ⱘⳈ㘨㋏ ....................................... 21 10. ⏨Ϯⱘᕅડ ........................................................................................................ …24 11. ᇍೳഄ䋶ѻⱘ࿕㚕 ............................................................................................. .24 12. ⍋ኌᏺᓔൺⱘࡼ ............................................................................................. .25 ᡸᮑϢৃ⫼Ꮉὖ䗄 ...................................................................................... 28ֱ .13 14. 㒧䆎 ...................................................................................................................... .33 㟈䇶 ............................................................................................................................. .33 㓽⬹䇁 ......................................................................................................................... .34 খ㗗᭛⤂ ..................................................................................................................... .36 䰘ᔩ1.ϰѮ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄܼ⧗▦ॅ䖥ॅ⾡ৡᔩ ..................................................... .47 䰘ᔩ2.ϰѮ-▇߽Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ∈右ᯜᇸ݊ᰃ吏呀㉏݇䬂ऎඳঞԧ࿕㚕߫㸼……..52 䰘ᔩ3.Џ㽕䯂乬ǃࡼޣᇥ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄ⫳⠽㕸ϻ༅ⱘৃ㛑㾷އᮍḜᯘѢ ᭛⤂ಲ乒ϧᆊᡩܹᯙ ..................................................................................... .63 䰘ᔩ4.ϢϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ⳈⳌ݇ⱘЏ㽕䰙乍Ⳃ⏙ऩ…………….............69 䰘ᔩ5.ᕅડϡৠᆊ/ഄऎⱘ䯂乬߫㸼 ....................................................................... 70 䰘ᔩ6.Ϣֱᡸऎ᳝݇ⱘゟ⊩ㅵ⧚↨䕗ಲ乒…………………………………….……..71 䰘ᔩ7.ᆊ/ഄऎ⦃๗ᕅડ䆘Ӌ/⬹⦃๗䆘ӋᯘEIA/SEAᯙゟ⊩ᑣ↨䕗㸼……………72 䰘ᔩ8.খࡴ䖍⦃๗णᅮⳌ݇㸠ࡼᚙމ ................................................................. .74 䰘ᔩ9.݇䬂ऎඳⱘḜ՟ⷨお ....................................................................................... .75 䰘ᔩ10. খࡴ6ሞ“ϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ӭԈ݇㋏Ӯ”-2012ᑈ3᳜19-22᮹ᯜ፧ খࡴ9“࣎ఈ呀㸠ࡼӮ䆂”-ॄሐᎼ␃-3᳜23-24᮹ⱘҷ㸼ৡऩ…….............78 䰘ᔩ11. IUCNܹ߫ᴀਞߚᵤⷨおⱘ 388ഫഄ ........................................................ 83 ኴႜቌᄲ! IUCN ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮIUCNѮ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘݅ৠ㓪ݭℸ⣀ゟਞᯜ䆘Ԅ⊓ϰѮ-▇߽ ⠽⫳Ϣᴵӊᯜҹ֓ᑨᇍIUCN៤ਬᇍᏆ㒣ߎ⦄ⱘމ⢊㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘEAAFᯙ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ ḋᗻϟ䰡ǃ⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑ϻ༅⫳ᗕ♒䲒᮹Ⲟࡴⱘ݇ߛDŽ䆹ਞᰃϔ⾡⢊ᗕߚᵤᯜ ∖ᡒߎϔϾഄ⚍ᬊ䲚ࠄⳌ݇ⱘ᭄ᑊߚᵤᯜҢ㗠ᦤߎ᭄᳝ḍⱘϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲 䏃㒓╂䯈ᏺ⢊މⱘ⏙᱄⬏䴶DŽᴀਞ䆩ϡ䞛⫼ᓎ䆂ⱘᔶᓣᯜ㗠ᰃЎ䆹ऎඳⱘ᳝ᬓㄪᕅડ ᳝އㄪᴗⱘⳌ݇ᴎᵘᦤկখ㗗䌘᭭DŽ ᴀਞՓ⫼∈右݇䬂⾡ⱘ⢊މϢ⾡㕸䍟Ў╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄᯘ⍋Ⓗǃ⊐⋑ǃⒽ⍖ǃ㑶ᷥ ᒋⱘᣛ⼎⠽DŽ䆹ਞߚᵤњ⊓ϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ㑺390ഫعᵫ⍋㤝ᑞᯙ⦃๗ ᳝∈右ⱘ⍋ኌഄഫᯜৠᯊ䅸ᅮњ16໘݇䬂ऎඳDŽਞ䅸Ўᯜ䖭ᴵ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ᳝ѯ╂䯈ऎඳ ⢊މ䳔䞡⚍݇⊼DŽ⏨Ϯկ㒭⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵ䗤⏤䗔࣪ᯜ⫳ᗕ♒䲒ϡᮁࡴᯜҎ㉏⫳䅵ফࠄᕅડDŽ 㾖ᆳࠄⱘ∈右⾡㕸᭄䞣↣ᑈϟ䰡5–9%ᯘᵕᑺ▦ॅⱘ࣎ఈ呀Eurynorhynchus pygmeusϟ䰡 26%ᯙᯜᰃഄ⧗ϞӏԩϔϾ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᠔㔩㾕ⱘDŽ䖕亲⠽⾡݊ᵕഄ᳔फ㓬㐕㚆ഄⱘ៤ࡳ㐕㚆 ᭄䍞ހഄⱘᯘ࣫㐕⠽⾡ᯙᄬ⌏ᰃҸҎ⒵ᛣⱘᯜ㟇ᇥ䇈ᯢ䙷䞠ⱘ⢽⣢ᰃৃᣕ㓁ⱘDŽ✊㗠ᯜ ⊓ⴔ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘᷪᙃഄ䕀⿏ҡᄬᯢᰒ䯂乬DŽབϡ䞛প᳝ᬜᮑᴹᬍবℸ⾡䍟ᯜ䖭ᴵ䖕 亲䏃㒓᳝ৃ㛑⍜ѵᯜ݊⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑ⷁᯊ䯈ݙህӮ㹿⸈ണDŽ ሑㅵᭈϾ䖕亲䏃㒓᳝⾡࿕㚕ᯜ咘⍋ᯘ⏸⍋ᯙᰃ᳔ؐᕫ݇⊼ⱘ⛺⚍ˈᴀਞЏ㽕䩜ᇍ䆹ऎඳ 16Ͼ݇䬂ഄഫЁⱘ6ϾDŽ䖭ѯഄഫЁˈ䴶Јⱘ᳔㋻䖿࿕㚕ᰃ⊓⍋䰚ഄⱘᓔൺDŽ䘹ᛳഄ⧚ ᙃ㋏㒳ᯘGISᯙ ߚᵤ㸼ᯢ咘⍋ⱘ䖭6ϾഄഫҢ20Ϫ㑾80ᑈҷ䍋╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄᑇഛᤳ༅35%DŽֵ བℸ䞣ⱘᤳ༅ৃ㛑ህᰃᴀऎඳ╂䯈ᏺ⫳⠽ḋᗻ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵϟ䰡ⱘ݇䬂ࡼDŽ ᴀਞಲ乒њ䗴៤⦃๗䗔࣪ⱘЏ㽕ࡼDŽ䗮䖛䆘Ӌ⾡䖛থ⦄ᯜᖙ䳔ᘶ䞡ᓎᓔথ䳔 Ϣ⦃๗䳔∖П䯈ⱘᑇ㸵ᯘࣙᣀ⊩ᕟǃ㵡䌘ǃᷪᙃഄϢ⠽⾡ֱᡸᯜᛣ䆚ᬭ㚆Ϣⶹ䆚ᯙᯜⳂࠡ䖭∖ ѯᮍ䴶ᰃ㭘ᔅⱘᯜ᳝ᯊ⫮㟇ᰃ༅ᐌⱘDŽᇍࡼⱘಲ乒ߚᵤߚ߿ᰃҢᆊԧഄഫϸϾሖ 䴶䖯㸠ⱘDŽᴀਞᔎ䇗њֱᣕ⦄⢊ᚙ᱃ϟˈᇍ⫳⠽ḋᗻⱘ亢䰽ˈᇍ⊓⍋⼒ऎ⫳䅵ⱘ亢䰽 ঞᇍ㒣⌢ᡩ䌘ⱘ亢䰽DŽ亢䰽ⱘ┰࿕㚕䕗ˈࣙᣀ⏨Ϯ㒣⌢ᤳ༅⊓ኌජᏖе䬛ⱘ㒣⌢ॅ ᆇᤳ༅DŽ ˈߎњֱᡸܼ⧗⫳⠽ḋᗻⱘⳂᷛᡓ䇎خḍ㢹ᑆ䞡㽕ⱘ䖍⦃๗ण䆂ˈ⊓䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘᆊ Ԛᰃ৺ሹ㸠њᡓ䇎㽕ⳟᴀਞᣛߎⱘ⠽⾡⾡㕸ˈᷪᙃഄ᭄䞣䋼䞣ϟ䰡ⱘ䍟ᰃ৺ᕫࠄ䘣 ࠊDŽϔϾᆊⱘ㒣⌢⦃๗ৃᣕ㓁ᗻৃ㛑Ӯ㹿䚏㸠ࡼ᠔⸈ണDŽ⦄᳝ⱘ⾡⍋⋟䆂ᕔᕔϡ 㛑᳝ᬜ㾷އ䖭ѯԧ䯂乬DŽҎ㉏ᖿ䗳ᓔথᇍ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ⠽⾡ѻ⫳њ䋳䴶ᕅડˈᇍ╂䯈ᏺ⫳ᗕ 㒳Ё᳝Ӌؐⱘ⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑˄ᇍҎ㉏ᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘ˅г᳝䋳䴶ᕅડDŽ᮴䆎ᰃफ亲࣫亲ⱘ㋏ 䛑䳔㽕ᷪᙃഄˈሑㅵᅗӀ߽⫼ᷪᙃഄⱘϡৠ䚼ߚDŽ᠔ҹাֱᡸ䙷ѯ᳔དⱘഄഫ᮴ࡽѢֱ⾡⠽ ߚǃ᳝ᬜᑓ⊯ഄֱᡸᭈϾᷪᙃഄ㔥㒰DŽܙᡸܼ䚼䖕亲⠽⾡ⱘᭈϾ㔥㒰ˈᖙ䳔 ᰃ䗖ᔧⱘDŽ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ右㉏ᷪخߚᵤˈ≵᳝ᦤߎᓎ䆂ˈԚ៥Ӏ䅸Ў䖭ḋމ⢊ሑㅵ䖭ҙҙᰃ ᙃഄᰃϾᆊ᳝݅ⱘ㞾✊䘫ѻDŽᖙ乏䞛প⾡ᮑᴹ䭓Йഄֱᡸ䖭ѯ䌘⑤ˈℸ᳝ᖙ㽕ᓔ ˈሩ䰙ড়DŽ䰸䴲ֱ䆕ᴀऎඳ催䗳㒣⌢থሩϢ⦃๗ֱᡸপᕫᑇ㸵ˈ৺߭㒣⌢៤ᵰᇚᰃⷁ᱖ⱘ ⸈ണᵕ᳝Ӌؐⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵᇚӮ↕♁㒣⌢៤ህˈҷӋ催ᯖⱘ⫳ᗕ♒䲒ᇚӮ᮹Ⲟ乥㐕থ⫳DŽ 1. ᆅჾ! ╂䯈ᏺᯜे⍋⋟Ϣ⎵∈䰚ഄ⦃๗П䯈ⱘ⣁䭓ᷪᙃഄˈ⡍⚍ᰃ਼ᳳᗻ㹿╂∈⏍≵ǃ㓧വ ⎸⊹≝⿃ᯘHealyet al. 2002ᯙDŽᅗӀᦤկⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵ᳝ᯪ亳⠽ǃ〇ᅮ⍋ኌǃ䰆ℶ亢ᲈǃ ᡸ⫳⠽ḋᗻᯜᑊϨ㒣ᐌᰃ⼒Ӯ⌏ࡼЁᖗᯘljगᑈ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳䆘Ԅ2005NJᯙDŽֱ ህܼ⧗㗠㿔ᯜҢ1980ᑈ㟇2000ᑈ㑺᳝35%ⱘ㑶ᷥᵫϻ༅ᯘGiriet al. 2011ᯙ˗䖛এⱘ100ᑈ 㑺᳝30%ⱘ⍋㤝ϻ༅ᯘGiriet al. 2011ᯙDŽ╂䯈ᏺгᰃབℸᯜফࠄҎⱘᕅડᕜDŽⳂࠡ៥Ӏᇍᅗ ӀⱘߚᏗǃ⢊މ䍟ⶹП⫮ᇥᯘHealyet al. 2002, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment2005, Keddy 2010ᯙDŽԚᰃѮ⌆╂䯈ᏺᤳ༅䗳⥛㑺ㄝѢѢᏆ䆄ᔩⱘ㑶ᷥᵫᯘGiri et al. 2011ᯙǃ⛁ ᏺᵫᯘAchard et al. 2002ᯙ⍋㤝ᯘWaycott et al. 2009ᯙ⍜༅䗳⥛DŽ՟བ䖛এⱘ50ᑈᯜЁⒼ⍋ ഄᯘࣙᣀ⊐⋑ᯙ⍜༅њ51%ᯘAn et al. 2007bᯙᯜ᮹ᴀ⍜༅њ40%ᯜ䶽⍜ ༅њ60%ᯜᮄࡴവ⍜༅ њ70%ҹϞᯘHilton & Manning 1995, Yeeet al. 2010ᯙDŽ ⧛⠽⦃๗ব࣪ⱘӬ⾔ᣛ⼎⠽DŽᅗӀⱘ⫳ᗕԡᑓ⊯ᯜՓ⫼⾡亳⠽މ⢊ᒋع右㉏ᰃ⦃๗ 䌘⑤ᯜᅗӀᇍ⦃๗ব࣪ᬣᛳDŽᮽ19Ϫ㑾ᯜ㺙ܹㄐЁⱘ䞥ϱ䲔⫼Ѣ䞛ⷓϮᯜৃҹᣛ⼎ߎⷓݙ ぎ⇨䋼䞣ᰃ৺ᅝܼDŽ៥Ӏ䖬߽⫼右㕸᭄䞣ⱘ⊶ࡼথߎ⦃๗亢䰽䄺ᯘRogerset al. 2006cᯙDŽӫⱘ右㉏ᄺᆊⷨおҎਬⷨおⲥ⌟右㉏ᯜ㦋প䖘ҞЎℶ᳔ܼ䴶ⱘ右㉏⾡㕸ⱘ ߽⫼䞥ϱ䲔ϔḋᯜ᳔䖥᳝ਞ䇈ϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘ∈右ϟ䰡ᯘ䖕亲ڣᯊ䯈ব࣪DŽ 䏃㒓1ᯙˈ㸼ᯢ⦃๗᳝䞡ব࣪ᯜ䳔㽕㋻ᗹ䇗ᶹDŽϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘফ࿕ 㚕ⱘ∈右⠽⾡᭄䞣催ѢϪ⬠Ϟ݊Ҫ7ᴵЏ㽕䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘKirby 2010;㾕2ᯙDŽ䖭ѯ⠽⾡䚼 ߚձ䌪╂䯈ᏺᯜ⡍߿ᰃ24⾡ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ䖥ॅⱘ吏呀㉏右ǃ∈⾑ǃ⨉呁ǃ吸㉏ǃ⍋右 吜吩ᯘIUCN2011ᯙᯜ䖬᳝݊Ҫ9⾡吏呀㉏右ℷᅵ䆘Ёᯜৃ㛑ߚ㉏Ўফ࿕㚕⠽⾡䖥ᳳ䖥ॅ ⠽⾡DŽ ᄬ㛑䞣⫼Ѣ䭓䎱ټ㛑䞣ܙℛഄᰃ䖕亲右㸹ذℛഄᯘذ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ╂䯈ᏺⱘ⍜༅ᯜ⡍߿ᰃ ⾏亲㸠ⱘഄ⚍ᯙᯜᇍѢ吏呀㉏右⾡㕸㟇݇䞡㽕ᯘMyerset al. 1987, Goss-Custardet al. 1995, Bakeret al.2004, Buehler & Piersma 2008, Warnock 2010, Rakhimberdiev et al. 2011ᯙDŽ᭄ҹ ⱒϛ䅵ⱘ吏呀㉏右䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ亲㸠ᯜѮ⌆ⱘ╂䯈ᏺᏆ㒣៤Ў䆹䏃㒓ϞⱘЏ㽕⫊乜ᯘBarter 2002, 2003, Bamfordet al. 2008, Caoetal. 2009, Rogers et al. 2010, Yang et al. 2011aᯙDŽ ╂䯈ᏺᰃⱒ⾡右ᯘ᭄䞣᳝ⱒϛাᯙⱘ䞡㽕ᷪᙃഄᯜгᰃ⍋啳ㄥᎶഄǃѮ⌆⍋䉍㐕Ⅺഄǃ䞡 㽕㒣⌢剐㉏ⱘ㐕Ⅺഄ᭄ग⾡᮴㛞Ợࡼ⠽ⱘᆊುDŽⳂࠡѮ⌆䆌ձ䌪╂䯈ᏺⱘ⠽⾡໘Ѣೄ ๗Ё˗՟བ᳝5⾡╂䯈ᏺ⍋㤝ᰃܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕⠽⾡ᯘShortet al. 2011ᯙᯜৄ⍋ኵϰ䚼ॄ⋟偐 ⍋䈮ेЁढⱑ⍋䈮ᯘSousa chinensisᯙᰃᵕॅ⠽⾡ᯘRosset al. 2010ᯙDŽ ǃ䍟࿕㚕ⱘֵᙃᯜ⹂ᅮњ᳔⸈ണ亢䰽ⱘމ⢊ߚᵤ㓐ড়њᏆ᳝ⱘ݇Ѣމ⢊IUCNথ䍋ⱘ ऎඳᯜᦤߎњֱᡸ䖭ѯ䞡㽕⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ⱘᣛᇐ㒆㽕DŽЎњᅠ៤ℸ乍㓐ড়ߚᵤᯜᇍ3乍݇䬂ᡩܹ 䖯㸠њ䆘ᅵᯪ(i)䆺ሑᅵ䯙Ꮖ㒣থ㸼ᇮথ㸼ⱘ᭛⤂ᯫ(ii)ߚᵤ⾡ᴹ⑤ⱘᏆ㒣থ㸼ᇮ থ㸼ⱘ᭄ᯫ(iii)ऎඳϧᆊᔧഄϧᆊⱘᡩܹDŽ 1. A)吏呀㉏右ⱘ 8 ᴵ䖕 亲䏃㒓B)ϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ 䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘEAAFᯙDŽㆁ༈㸼⼎ 䖕亲∈右ܼ⧗ⱘ⾡䏃㒓 ᯘ Boere & Stroud 2006, Bamfordet al. 2008ᯙDŽᅲ䰙Ϟᯜ ϔ⾡右ⱘ䖕亲䏃㒓ৃҹ㽚Ⲫ䆹 䏃㒓ⱘ䚼ߚᯜৃҹ䖲㓁ഄ ᯘ फ࣫亲㸠 Mintonet al. 2011, Battleyet al. 2012ᯙDŽ 㐕Ⅺഄⱘ亲㸠䲚Ё咘⍋ ᯘ⏸⍋ᯙᯜᰃ↣ᑈ 3 㟇 5 ᳜ⱘ Џ㽕ⱘࡴ⊍キ ჺ৯ݛ݆ .2 㓐䗄 ⢊މߚᵤᰃᇍ᭛⤂䌘᭭⏅ܹ㋏㒳ⱘⷨお⸔Ϟᑊ㵡ড়њϧᆊᛣ㾕ܼ⧗ⱘᡩܹDŽᑓ⊯ഄᬊ 䲚ǃᭈ⧚ߚᵤ∈右ǃ䗝ᅮⱘ⾡㕸ǃᷪᙃഄϻ༅ফ࿕㚕䖛ⱘ᭄ᯜҢ㗠߸ᅮҔМᰃֱᡸ ⫳⠽ḋᗻ᳔䞡㽕᳔㛚ᔅⱘऎඳDŽߚᵤⱘ䞡⚍ᰃ˖ાѯࡼ䗴៤њ╂䯈ᏺ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ঞ݊ ᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘϹ䞡ϻ༅ᇍ݊ᔶ៤њ࿕㚕ᯜࣙᣀϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ᭈԧ⡍߿䞡㽕ⱘ ഄഫ˗䖛এǃ⦄ᇚᴹⱘ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄೳഄᓔൺ䅵ߦᇍાϔϾഄഫ亢䰽᳔DŽᏆ㒣᳝乍 Ḝ՟ⷨおᦤկњഄഫⱘ䆺㒚ֵᙃᯜᣛᯢњ᳔ফ࿕㚕ⱘഄഫᇍ∈右䖕亲᳔䞡㽕ⱘഄഫDŽ ᭄Ϣ᭄ᑧ ϧᆊⱘᓩܹ ,8&1ᘏᑆџϢᴀ乍ⷨお⍝ঞⱘऎඳᬓᑰঞ䴲ᬓᑰ㒘㒛ⱘⳌ݇䚼䮼থߎњ∛ᘏџᅲ ᛣ㾕ⱘ䇋∖DŽᴀ乍ⷨおᬊњҪӀড作ⱘᛣ㾕DŽℸˈ㗙ӀখࡴњϰѮ▇߽㽓Ѯ 䖕亲䏃㒓ӭԈ݇㋏݁Ӯ䆂ˈҪӀ䆹Ӯ䆂ϞϢϧᆊӀᬓᑰᅬਬ䖯㸠њ⏅ܹⱘⷨ䅼DŽ 右ⱘ⾡㕸 Ѣᬊ䲚ⱘ᭄⠽⾡ᇍ⦃๗ব࣪ⱘᬣᛳᑺᯜ៥Ӏ䗝ᢽњ╂䯈ᏺ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄ㣗ೈⱘ∈ 右ᯘࣙᣀ吏呀㉏ᯜབ呀ǃ吏≭䫹㉏ᯜ㾕䰘ᔩ1ⱘৡᔩᯙᯜᅗӀᰃ៥ӀߚᵤЁ᳔ᙄᔧⱘᣛ⼎⠽DŽ މ⢊ᒋعᷪᙃ╂䯈ᏺⱘ∈右ԡѢ亳⠽䫒ⱘ乊㑻ˈ㒭៥Ӏᦤկњ᳔ᮍ֓ǃ᳔᳝ⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳 ⱘᣛ⼎ᯘMalloryet al. 2006ᯙᯜৠᯊ៥Ӏ᳝䖭ѯ右㉏㡃དⱘ⠽⾡ⲥ⌟᭄ᯘLiet al. 2007, 2009b, Bamfordet al. 2008ᯙDŽ᭄ᑧЁ᳝ձᄬѢϰѮ╂䯈ᏺঞ݊ᷪᙃഄⱘ155⾡∈右ⱘЄᆠᑺǃߚ ㄝ䆺㒚ֵᙃDŽ155Ͼ⠽⾡Ё᳝24⾡ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ⠽⾡ ᯘབᵕॅ⠽⾡ǃ▦ॅމ⢊Ꮧǃֱᡸ 㛚ᔅ⠽⾡ᯜ㾕IUCNফ࿕㚕⠽⾡㑶㡆ৡᔩwww.iucnredlist.orgᯙ䖥ॅ⠽⾡ᯘ㾕䰘ᔩ1ᯙ˗711⾡ 䖕ᕭ吏呀㉏右ᯜࣙᣀ⍋叹Ϣ➩叹ᯘ㾕5䚼ߚᯙDŽℸᯜ៥Ӏᦤկњᴀߚᵤ䞛⫼ⱘ݇䬂ऎඳݙᶤ ѯ吏呀㉏⾡㕸ᔧࠡ䍟ⱘ᭄ᯜҹঞᭈԧ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ⢊މᯘḍᯚ݄ᄺ▇߽㽓Ѯ ⍝⾑ⷨお㒘ᦤկⱘ᭄ᯙDŽ 䞡㽕ഄഫϢ݇䬂ऎඳ 䗮䖛ᇍ䞡⚍右ऎᯘ䰙右ⲳ2001ᯙᯜϰѮ-▇߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ䖕ᕭ∈右ӭԈഄഫǃ吏呀㉏ 右䰙䞡㽕ഄഫᯘBamfordet al. 2008ᯙᯜ⍋ኌֱᡸഄㄝֵᙃⱘᭈ⧚ᯜ䅸ᅮњ388ഫ⍋ኌഄഫ߫ ܹᴀ乍ⷨおЁᯘ䰘ᔩ11ᯙDŽҢܼ䚼ഄഫЁ⹂ᅮњϔ㒘ഄഫᯘ䰘ᔩ11ᯜ㉫ԧᯙ᳝䞣߫Ўܼ⧗ ফ࿕㚕䖥ॅ∈右ᯜϔᑈЁӏԩᯊ䯈䛑᳝催ᑺḋᗻ㾘⾡㕸ⱘ吏呀㉏右DŽ⡍߿ᰃ䖭 ϔ㒘ഄഫЎҹϟϝϾ㋴㗠៤ЎӋ᳔ؐ催ⱘഄഫᯪ 1. ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ䖥ॅⱘ吏呀㉏⠽⾡᭄Ⳃ݊Ҫ╂∤∈右ⱘ᭄Ⳃᯫ ᔧࠡ吏呀㉏右ⱘ᭄Ⳃ催Ѣ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘ⾡㕸᭄䞣ⱘ1% (ϔᑈЁⱘ᳔催᭄ؐ)ᯫ.2 3.吏呀㉏右ⱘᘏ䞣 Ўߚᵤ᳔㒜ഄഫ㒘ᯜ៥Ӏᣝ✻ഄ⧚ԡ㕂ᡞᅗӀᬒ݇䬂ऎඳݙDŽᕐℸ䖥ⱘഄഫᯜབᵰᅗӀ ⊓ⴔ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ䖲㓁ᓊ䭓ᮍᯜህৃҹ䅸ЎᅗӀᰃৠϔϾ݇䬂ऎඳDŽ㹿䅸ᅮⱘ݇䬂ऎ ඳ᳝݅16Ͼᯘ䰘ᔩ25䚼ߚᯙDŽ䗮䖛ᇍᏆ㒣থ㸼ⱘᇮথ㸼ⱘϡৠᴹ⑤ⱘ᭄䖯㸠ᅵ䯙ᯜ 䗮䖛ϧᆊ䆶䖛ᯜᅠ៤↣ϔϾ݇䬂ऎඳⱘߚᵤᯜҢ㗠ᕫߎ: ᡸഄⱘ㽚Ⲫ㣗ೈᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫֱ .1 1 ϡࣙᣀ♄༈呺叵ᯘVanellus cinereus,ᯙǃ▇ ⌆ ➩ 吏 ᯘStiltia isabellaᯙᯜ༈呺叵ᯘVanellus vanellusᯙ,䭓ఈࠥ 吏ᯘCharadrius placidusᯙ,ᅗӀϡՓ⫼╂䯈ᏺⒽ⍖/ᅮᷪⱘ ᯜ᮴䆎ᰃݙ䖬ᰃ䰙ᯜᏆ㒣ᰃ৺ᇚܹ݊߫䰙䞡㽕މ⢊བৃ㛑ᯜ↣Ͼ݇䬂ऎඳⱘֱᡸ ഄৡᔩЎ䗝ᯘ䰙右ⲳ2005ᯙᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫḍϞ䗄ᄤᕫߎⱘ⫳⠽ḋᗻ⡍⚍ᯘඍᔩ ᯙᯫ፧ 3. ╂䯈ᏺഄ2000ᑈҹࠡᔧࠡᯘ2010ᑈҹৢᯙⱘ䴶⿃DŽབ᳝ৃ㛑ᯜ߽⫼Ꮖ㒣থ㸼ⱘ䌘 ⑤DŽབᵰϔϾऎඳ≵᳝ৃҹՓ⫼ⱘֵᙃᯜ៥ӀৃҹՓ⫼ᇮথ㸼ⱘϰѮ╂䯈ᏺ䘹ᛳ䌘᭭ ᯘMurray et al. ᇮথ㸼ⱘ᭄ᯙDŽ݇Ѣ╂∤ऎඳⱘ㣗ೈᯜৃҹ߽⫼Ꮖⶹ╂∤催ᑺⱘLandsat ऎ߿ᯜৃҹℸ䅵ㅫϸϾᯊᳳП䯈ⱘ╂∤Ⓗ⍖ڣ䌘᭭䅵ㅫDŽ߽⫼催╂Ԣ╂ⱘڣि᯳ 䴶⿃ⱘޣᇥ䞣ᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫ 4. ೳഄᓔൺᇍ╂䯈ഄ↨՟ⱘᕅડᯘ㸼4䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫ 5. ᇍ䖭ѯഄഫⱘࡼϢ࿕㚕DŽ ᴀ乍ⷨおᦤկḜ՟ⷨおᯜࣙᣀϔѯ᳔ফ࿕㚕ᇍ∈右᳔䞡㽕ⱘഄഫᯘ䰘ᔩ9ᯙDŽ