! !! ! ! !ں೼တټक़חళჱ۫ܔ๘হጲ඗ԍࢺ૴௑ ! ጒ઄ݴဆڦ༬՚๟࡛ࣜDŽࡤջ࡛Dž ሀࡪĄ஛ূ౫˄-&,! ',,-,˅ ᅉ࿦ఱĄྼܻઊܻ˄ 4-,,#T#0)3'*˅ ౅੗ઙຯĄద෌˄'!&-*13007˅ ᴀкЁⱘഄ⧚ৡ⿄੠Փ⫼ⱘᴤ᭭ϡᰃϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ៪݊㓪㗙ᇍӏԩ೑ᆊⱘ⊩ᕟഄԡǃ乚ೳ៪ 䴶⿃៪ㅵ⧚ᴗ៪݊䖍⬠ⱘⳟ⊩DŽߎ⠜⠽ⱘ㾖⚍ᑊϡϔᅮҷ㸼Ϫ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ៪݊খϢ㒘㒛DŽ ߎ⠜㗙ᯪϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᯜ⨲຿Ḑ݄ᖋ ᴗᯪϪ⬠㞾✊੠㞾✊䌘⑤ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ⠜ ߎѢᬭ㚆Ⳃⱘ㗠ϡᰃଚϮⳂⱘৃҹߎ⠜ℸкᯜ᮴䳔ᦤࠡк䴶⬇䇋⠜ᴗ᠔᳝㗙ⱘᡍޚᯜԚ㽕⊼ᯢߎ ໘DŽϡ㒣⠜ᴗ᠔᳝㗙ⱘк䴶ᡍޚᯜ⽕ℶ䫔ଂ៪⫼ѢଚϮⳂⱘDŽ ᓩ᭛˖˖㑺㗄Ꮭ呺䞥ݰᯜӞ≗㗤Ꮭ㓈ᇨ༢ᇨ੠ሐৃᢝᮃᏝ〚⨲㓪ݭⱘljϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᇍϰफѮ╂䯈 ߚᵤNJᯜ⨲຿Ḑ݄ᖋϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮ੠㣅މ⢊ᏺᷪᙃഄ⡍߿ᰃ咘⍋ᯘ৿⏸⍋ᯙⱘ ೑ࠥḹᅮᳳ᡹ਞ᎕Ꮆ፵፻፾DŽ፧ ፧ ߎ⠜োISBN 978-2-8317-1641-1 ✻⠛ᯪᠬሐ·㥿ܟᯘTony Mokᯙᦤկᇕ䴶ᯜЁ೑⽣ᓎ䳲⌺ওⒽ⍖⾡ỡⱘ⍋㤝ᯫᵄ⏽·ᅝᯘJeongAhnᯙᦤ կ㄀13义✻⠛(photo page 13), ᴼϛᖋᒋᯘJan van der Kam ᯙᦤկ㄀7义೒3ᯫ䵴ѥঢ় ᯘJu Yung Kiᯙ ᦤկ㄀18义Ḛ೒2ᯫሐܟ·㥿⨲ ᯘNick Murrayᯙᦤկ䰘ᔩ9ⱘ೒10DŽ ᴀߎ⠜⠽ৃҹҢϪ⬠ֱᡸ㘨ⲳߎ⠜᳡ࡵ䚼䮼㦋পᯜഄഔᰃᯪ Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland ⬉䆱ᯪ+41 22 999 0000 Ӵⳳᯪ+41 22 999 0020 ᄤֵӊᯪ[email protected]⬉ 㔥ഔ˖www.iucn.org/publications гৃ೼ҹϟ㔥ഔ㦋ᕫ˖www.iucn.org/asiancoastalwetlands ˅ѢϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳ˄IUCN݇ ᮍḜDŽIUCNⱘᎹއϪ⬠㞾✊ֱᡸ㘨ⲳᯜㅔ⿄IUCNᯜᐂࡽϪ⬠ᇏᡒ䞡໻⦃๗䯂乬੠থሩᣥ៬ⱘ㾷 ⧛԰乚ඳᰃ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻǃ⇨׭ব࣪ǃ㛑⑤ǃҎ㉏⫳䅵ǃϪ⬠㓓㡆㒣⌢DŽIUCNᬃᣕ⾥ᄺⷨおǃㅵ Ϫ⬠৘ഄⱘᅲഄ乍ⳂᯜϢᬓᑰǃ䴲ᬓᑰ㒘㒛ǃ㘨ড়೑੠݀ৌ݅ৠࠊᅮᬓㄪǃ⊩ᕟ੠᳔Շᅲ䏉DŽIUCN ᰃϪ⬠Ϟग़৆᳔ᙴЙǃ㾘῵᳔໻ⱘܼ⧗⦃๗㒘㒛DŽ᳝݅1200Ͼᬓᑰǃ䴲ᬓᑰ៤ਬ੠ᴹ㞾160Ͼ ೑ᆊⱘ11000ৡᖫᜓ㗙DŽIUCN೼Ϫ⬠Ϟ᳝45Ͼࡲџ໘ᯜ1000ৡᎹ԰Ҏਬᯜ䖬ᕫࠄ޴ⱒϾӭԈǃ䴲 ᬓᑰ㒘㒛੠⾕㧹ᴎᵘⱘᬃᣕDŽ㔥ഔᰃᯪwww.iucn.org IUCN ⱘ⠽⾡⫳ᄬྨਬӮ ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮᯘSSCᯙᰃIUCN݁Ͼᖫᜓ㗙ྨਬӮЁ᳔໻ⱘϔϾᯜܼ⧗᳝݅8000ৡϧᆊ៤ਬDŽ⠽⾡ ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮ䗮䖛IUCNⱘܼ⧗⠽⾡䅵ߦᓔሩᎹ԰ᯜ৥IUCNঞ݊៤ਬህ⠽⾡ֱᡸ⾥ⷨ੠ᡔᴃ੠ᦤ ߎᓎ䆂ᯜҹֱᡸ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻⱘ᳾ᴹDŽSSC䖬ᇍ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻֱᡸⳌ݇ण䆂ᦤկᎼ໻ⱘᡩܹDŽ㔥ഔᰃᯪ http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/about_ssc/index.cfm IUCN Ѯ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘ IUCN ⱘѮ⌆䅵ߦ⬅ IUCN Ѯ⌆⾬к໘े䆒ゟ೼⋄೑᳐䈋ⱘѮ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘ᯘㅔ⿄ AROᯙㅵ⧚DŽ 䆹 ࡲџ໘Ϣ IUCN 䆒ゟ೼⨲຿Ḑ݄ᖋⱘᘏ䚼ֱᣕᆚߛⱘড়԰੠㘨㋏DŽIUCN Ѯ⌆⾬к໘᳝ 300 ৡᎹ ԰ҎਬᯜߚᏗ೼ᄳࡴᢝǃ᷀ඨᆼǃЁ೑ǃॄᑺǃ㗕ᣱǃሐᏩᇨǃᏈ෎ᮃഺǃᮃ䞠݄वǃ⋄೑੠䍞 फDŽЎᑨᇍѮ⌆䎼⬠⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ㅵ⧚ⱘᣥ៬੠ಲᑨ৘៤ਬⱘ㽕∖ˈѮ⌆ऎඳ䇗ᭈ៤ゟϝϾ⃵ऎඳಶ ԧᯜᅗӀᰃᯪϰफѮಶԧᯘ᷀ඨᆼǃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ㗕ᣱǃᮄࡴവǃ⋄೑ǃϰᏱ≊੠䍞फᯙᯫफѮ⃵ ऎඳಶԧᯘࣙᣀफѮⱘ᠔᳝೑ᆊᯙᯜ⬅ IUCN फѮ៤ਬ೑ҷ㸼䕂⌕䋳䋷ㅵ⧚ᯫ੠ϰ࣫Ѯ⃵ऎඳಶԧᯜ ⬅Ѯ⌆ऎඳЏӏⳈ᥹ㅵ⧚ᯜᑊϢЁ೑೑ᆊҷ㸼ᆚߛড়԰˄Ё೑ǃ㩭সǃ᮹ᴀǃᳱ剰੠䶽೑˅DŽ Ⳃᔩ ᠻ㸠ᨬ㽕 ................................................................................................................... … ii 1. ᓩ㿔 ......................................................................................................................... 5 2. ⷨおᮍ⊩ .................................................................................................................. 6 3. ϰѮ੠ϰफѮⱘ╂䯈ᏺ ........................................................................................... 7 䋼 – ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ䞡㽕ᗻϢӋؐ ............................................................ 8⠽≭⊹ .4 5. 䆚߿⡍߿ⱘഄഫ੠⠽⾡ ........................................................................................... 9 6. ݊Ҫ⠽⾡੠᳡ࡵⱘᑇ㸠ϟ䰡 .................................................................................... 12 7. ᇍ╂䯈ᏺⱘ࿕㚕 ....................................................................................................... 15 8. ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ⍜༅ ................................................................................................ 18 9. ೳഄᓔൺᓩ䍋ⱘ⠽⾡ϟ䰡Ϣᷪᙃഄϻ༅П䯈ⱘⳈ᥹㘨㋏ ....................................... 21 10. ⏨Ϯⱘᕅડ ........................................................................................................ …24 11. ᇍೳഄ੠䋶ѻⱘ࿕㚕 ............................................................................................. .24 12. ⍋ኌᏺᓔൺⱘ᥼ࡼ࡯ ............................................................................................. .25 ᡸ᥾ᮑϢৃ⫼Ꮉ݋ὖ䗄 ...................................................................................... 28ֱ .13 14. 㒧䆎 ...................................................................................................................... .33 㟈䇶 ............................................................................................................................. .33 㓽⬹䇁 ......................................................................................................................... .34 খ㗗᭛⤂ ..................................................................................................................... .36 䰘ᔩ1.ϰѮ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄܼ⧗▦ॅ੠䖥ॅ⾡ৡᔩ ..................................................... .47 䰘ᔩ2.ϰѮ-▇໻߽Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ∈右ᯜᇸ݊ᰃ吏呀㉏݇䬂ऎඳঞ݋ԧ࿕㚕߫㸼……..52 䰘ᔩ3.Џ㽕䯂乬ǃ᥼ࡼ࡯੠ޣᇥ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄ੠⫳⠽㕸ϻ༅ⱘৃ㛑㾷އᮍḜᯘ෎Ѣ ᭛⤂ಲ乒੠ϧᆊᡩܹᯙ ..................................................................................... .63 䰘ᔩ4.ϢϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ⳉ᥹Ⳍ݇ⱘЏ㽕೑䰙乍Ⳃ⏙ऩ…………….............69 䰘ᔩ5.ᕅડϡৠ೑ᆊ/ഄऎⱘ䯂乬߫㸼 ....................................................................... 70 䰘ᔩ6.Ϣֱᡸऎ᳝݇ⱘゟ⊩ㅵ⧚↨䕗ಲ乒…………………………………….……..71 䰘ᔩ7.೑ᆊ/ഄऎ⦃๗ᕅડ䆘Ӌ/៬⬹⦃๗䆘ӋᯘEIA/SEAᯙゟ⊩⿟ᑣ↨䕗㸼……………72 䰘ᔩ8.খࡴ໮䖍⦃๗णᅮ੠Ⳍ݇㸠ࡼᚙމ ................................................................. .74 䰘ᔩ9.݇䬂ऎඳⱘḜ՟ⷨお ....................................................................................... .75 䰘ᔩ10. খࡴ㄀6ሞ“ϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ӭԈ݇㋏໻Ӯ”-2012ᑈ3᳜19-22᮹ᯜ፧ ੠খࡴ㄀9⃵“࣎ఈ呀㸠ࡼӮ䆂”-ॄሐᎼ␃-3᳜23-24᮹ⱘҷ㸼ৡऩ…….............78 䰘ᔩ11. IUCNܹ߫ᴀ᡹ਞߚᵤⷨおⱘ 388ഫ⑓ഄ ........................................................ 83 ኴႜቌᄲ! IUCN ⠽⾡ᄬ㓁ྨਬӮ੠IUCNѮ⌆ऎඳࡲџ໘݅ৠ㓪ݭℸ⣀ゟ᡹ਞᯜ䆘Ԅ⊓ϰѮ-▇໻߽ ⠽⫳Ϣᴵӊᯜҹ֓ᑨᇍIUCN៤ਬᇍᏆ㒣ߎ⦄ⱘމ⢊㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘEAAFᯙ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ ໮ḋᗻϟ䰡ǃ⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑ϻ༅੠⫳ᗕ♒䲒᮹Ⲟ๲ࡴⱘ݇ߛDŽ䆹᡹ਞᰃϔ⾡⢊ᗕߚᵤᯜ࡯ ∖ᡒߎϔϾഄ⚍ᬊ䲚ࠄⳌ݇ⱘ᭄᥂ᑊߚᵤᯜҢ㗠ᦤߎ᭄᳝᥂ḍ᥂ⱘϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲 䏃㒓╂䯈ᏺ⢊މⱘ⏙᱄⬏䴶DŽᴀ᡹ਞ䆩೒ϡ䞛⫼ᓎ䆂ⱘᔶᓣᯜ㗠ᰃЎ䆹ऎඳⱘ᳝ᬓㄪᕅડ ࡯៪݋᳝އㄪᴗⱘⳌ݇ᴎᵘᦤկখ㗗䌘᭭DŽ ᴀ᡹ਞՓ⫼∈右݇䬂⾡ⱘ⢊މϢ⾡㕸䍟࢓԰Ў╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄᯘ৿⍋Ⓗǃ⊐⋑ǃⒽ⍖ǃ㑶ᷥ ᒋⱘᣛ⼎⠽DŽ䆹᡹ਞߚᵤњ⊓ϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ໻㑺390ഫعᵫ੠⍋㤝ᑞᯙ⦃๗ ᳝∈右ⱘ⍋ኌഄഫᯜৠᯊ䅸ᅮњ16໘݇䬂ऎඳDŽ᡹ਞ䅸Ўᯜ䖭ᴵ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ᳝ѯ╂䯈ऎඳ ⢊މ䳔䞡⚍݇⊼DŽ⏨Ϯկ㒭੠⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵ䗤⏤䗔࣪ᯜ⫳ᗕ♒䲒ϡᮁ๲ࡴᯜҎ㉏⫳䅵ফࠄᕅડDŽ 㾖ᆳࠄⱘ∈右⾡㕸᭄䞣↣ᑈϟ䰡5–9%ᯘᵕᑺ▦ॅⱘ࣎ఈ呀Eurynorhynchus pygmeusϟ䰡 26%ᯙᯜᰃഄ⧗ϞӏԩϔϾ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᠔㔩㾕ⱘDŽ䖕亲⠽⾡೼݊ᵕഄ᳔फ㓬㐕㚆ഄⱘ៤ࡳ㐕㚆 ੠໮᭄䍞ހഄⱘᯘ࣫㐕⠽⾡ᯙᄬ⌏ᰃҸҎ⒵ᛣⱘᯜ㟇ᇥ䇈ᯢ䙷䞠ⱘ⢽⣢ᰃৃᣕ㓁ⱘDŽ✊㗠ᯜ ⊓ⴔ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘᷪᙃഄ䕀⿏ҡᄬ೼ᯢᰒ䯂乬DŽབϡ䞛প᳝ᬜ᥾ᮑᴹᬍবℸ⾡䍟࢓ᯜ䖭ᴵ䖕 亲䏃㒓᳝ৃ㛑⍜ѵᯜ݊⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑೼ⷁᯊ䯈ݙህӮ㹿⸈ണDŽ ሑㅵᭈϾ䖕亲䏃㒓᳝৘⾡࿕㚕ᯜ咘⍋ᯘ৿⏸⍋ᯙᰃ᳔ؐᕫ݇⊼ⱘ⛺⚍ˈᴀ᡹ਞЏ㽕䩜ᇍ䆹ऎඳ 16Ͼ݇䬂ഄഫЁⱘ6ϾDŽ೼䖭ѯഄഫЁˈ䴶Јⱘ᳔㋻䖿࿕㚕ᰃ⊓⍋䰚ഄⱘᓔൺDŽ䘹ᛳ੠ഄ⧚ ᙃ㋏㒳ᯘGISᯙ ߚᵤ㸼ᯢ咘⍋ⱘ䖭6ϾഄഫҢ20Ϫ㑾80ᑈҷ䍋╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄᑇഛᤳ༅35%DŽֵ བℸ໻䞣ⱘᤳ༅ৃ㛑ህᰃᴀऎඳ╂䯈ᏺ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻ੠⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵϟ䰡ⱘ݇䬂᥼ࡼ࡯DŽ ᴀ᡹ਞಲ乒њ䗴៤⦃๗䗔࣪ⱘЏ㽕᥼ࡼ࡯DŽ䗮䖛䆘Ӌ৘⾡䖛⿟থ⦄ᯜᖙ䳔ᘶ໡੠䞡ᓎᓔথ䳔 Ϣ⦃๗䳔∖П䯈ⱘᑇ㸵ᯘࣙᣀ⊩ᕟǃ㵡䌘ǃᷪᙃഄϢ⠽⾡ֱᡸᯜᛣ䆚ᬭ㚆Ϣⶹ䆚ᯙᯜⳂࠡ䖭∖ ѯᮍ䴶ᰃ㭘ᔅⱘᯜ᳝ᯊ⫮㟇ᰃ༅ᐌⱘDŽᇍ᥼ࡼ࡯ⱘಲ乒ߚᵤߚ߿ᰃҢ೑ᆊ੠݋ԧഄഫϸϾሖ 䴶䖯㸠ⱘDŽᴀ᡹ਞᔎ䇗њ೼ֱᣕ⦄⢊ᚙ᱃ϟˈᇍ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻⱘ亢䰽ˈᇍ⊓⍋⼒ऎ⫳䅵ⱘ亢䰽 ঞᇍ㒣⌢ᡩ䌘ⱘ亢䰽DŽ亢䰽ⱘ┰೼࿕㚕䕗໻ˈࣙᣀ⏨Ϯ㒣⌢ᤳ༅੠⊓ኌජᏖ੠е䬛ⱘ㒣⌢ॅ ᆇ੠ᤳ༅DŽ ˈߎњֱᡸܼ⧗⫳⠽໮ḋᗻⱘⳂᷛᡓ䇎خḍ᥂㢹ᑆ䞡㽕ⱘ໮䖍⦃๗ण䆂ˈ⊓䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ೑ᆊ Ԛᰃ৺ሹ㸠њᡓ䇎㽕ⳟᴀ᡹ਞᣛߎⱘ⠽⾡⾡㕸ˈᷪᙃഄ᭄䞣੠䋼䞣ϟ䰡ⱘ䍟࢓ᰃ৺ᕫࠄ䘣 ࠊDŽϔϾ೑ᆊⱘ㒣⌢੠⦃๗ৃᣕ㓁ᗻৃ㛑Ӯ㹿䚏೑㸠ࡼ᠔⸈ണDŽ⦄᳝ⱘ৘⾡⍋⋟׵䆂ᕔᕔϡ 㛑᳝ᬜ㾷އ䖭ѯ݋ԧ䯂乬DŽҎ㉏ᖿ䗳ᓔথᇍ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ⠽⾡ѻ⫳њ䋳䴶ᕅડˈᇍ╂䯈ᏺ⫳ᗕ 㒳Ё᳝Ӌؐⱘ⫳ᗕ᳡ࡵࡳ㛑˄ᇍҎ㉏ᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘ˅г᳝䋳䴶ᕅડDŽ᮴䆎ᰃफ亲៪࣫亲ⱘ㋏ 䛑䳔㽕ᷪᙃഄˈሑㅵᅗӀ߽⫼ᷪᙃഄⱘϡৠ䚼ߚDŽ᠔ҹাֱᡸ䙷ѯ᳔དⱘഄഫ᮴ࡽѢֱ⾡⠽ ߚǃ᳝ᬜ੠ᑓ⊯ഄֱᡸᭈϾᷪᙃഄ㔥㒰DŽܙᡸܼ䚼䖕亲⠽⾡ⱘᭈϾ㔥㒰ˈᖙ䳔 ᰃ䗖ᔧⱘDŽ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ右㉏੠ᷪخߚᵤˈ≵᳝ᦤߎᓎ䆂ˈԚ៥Ӏ䅸Ў䖭ḋމ⢊ሑㅵ䖭ҙҙᰃ ᙃഄᰃϾ೑ᆊ᳝݅ⱘ㞾✊䘫ѻDŽᖙ乏䞛প໮⾡᥾ᮑᴹ䭓Йഄֱᡸ䖭ѯ䌘⑤ˈ಴ℸ᳝ᖙ㽕ᓔ ˈሩ೑䰙ড়԰DŽ䰸䴲ֱ䆕ᴀऎඳ催䗳㒣⌢থሩϢ⦃๗ֱᡸপᕫᑇ㸵ˈ৺߭㒣⌢៤ᵰᇚᰃⷁ᱖ⱘ ⸈ണᵕ᳝Ӌؐⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵᇚӮ↕♁㒣⌢៤ህˈҷӋ催ᯖⱘ⫳ᗕ♒䲒ᇚӮ᮹Ⲟ乥㐕থ⫳DŽ 1. ᆅჾ! ╂䯈ᏺᯜे⍋⋟Ϣ⎵∈੠䰚ഄ⦃๗П䯈ⱘ⣁䭓ᷪᙃഄˈ⡍⚍ᰃ਼ᳳᗻ㹿╂∈⏍≵ǃ㓧വ੠ ⎸⊹≝⿃ᯘHealyet al. 2002ᯙDŽᅗӀᦤկⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳᳡ࡵ᳝ᯪ亳⠽ǃ〇ᅮ⍋ኌǃ䰆ℶ亢ᲈǃ ᡸ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻᯜᑊϨ㒣ᐌᰃ⼒Ӯ⌏ࡼЁᖗᯘljगᑈ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳䆘Ԅ2005NJᯙDŽֱ ህܼ⧗㗠㿔ᯜҢ1980ᑈ㟇2000ᑈ໻㑺᳝35%ⱘ㑶ᷥᵫϻ༅ᯘGiriet al. 2011ᯙ˗೼䖛এⱘ100ᑈ 㑺᳝30%ⱘ⍋㤝ϻ༅ᯘGiriet al. 2011ᯙDŽ╂䯈ᏺгᰃབℸᯜফࠄҎⱘᕅડᕜ໻DŽⳂࠡ៥Ӏᇍᅗ ӀⱘߚᏗǃ⢊މ੠䍟࢓ⶹП⫮ᇥᯘHealyet al. 2002, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment2005, Keddy 2010ᯙDŽԚᰃѮ⌆╂䯈ᏺᤳ༅䗳⥛㑺ㄝѢ៪໻ѢᏆ䆄ᔩⱘ㑶ᷥᵫᯘGiri et al. 2011ᯙǃ⛁ ᏺᵫᯘAchard et al. 2002ᯙ੠⍋㤝ᯘWaycott et al. 2009ᯙ⍜༅䗳⥛DŽ՟བ䖛এⱘ50ᑈᯜЁ೑Ⓖ⍋⑓ ഄᯘࣙᣀ⊐⋑ᯙ⍜༅њ51%ᯘAn et al. 2007bᯙᯜ᮹ᴀ⍜༅њ40%ᯜ䶽೑⍜ ༅њ60%ᯜᮄࡴവ⍜༅ њ70%ҹϞᯘHilton & Manning 1995, Yeeet al. 2010ᯙDŽ ⧛⠽੠⦃๗ব࣪ⱘӬ⾔ᣛ⼎⠽DŽᅗӀⱘ⫳ᗕԡᑓ⊯ᯜՓ⫼໮⾡亳⠽੠މ⢊ᒋع右㉏ᰃ⦃๗ 䌘⑤ᯜᅗӀᇍ⦃๗ব࣪ᬣᛳDŽᮽ೼19Ϫ㑾ᯜ㺙ܹㄐЁⱘ䞥ϱ䲔⫼Ѣ䞛ⷓϮᯜৃҹᣛ⼎ߎⷓݙ ੐਌ぎ⇨䋼䞣ᰃ৺ᅝܼDŽ៥Ӏ䖬߽⫼右㕸᭄䞣ⱘ⊶ࡼথߎ⦃๗亢䰽䄺᡹ᯘRogerset al. 2006cᯙDŽӫ໮ⱘ右㉏ᄺᆊ੠ⷨおҎਬⷨお੠ⲥ⌟右㉏ᯜ㦋প䖘ҞЎℶ᳔ܼ䴶ⱘ右㉏⾡㕸ⱘ ߽⫼䞥ϱ䲔ϔḋᯜ᳔䖥᳝᡹ਞ䇈ϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘ∈右ϟ䰡ᯘ䖕亲ڣᯊ䯈ব࣪DŽ 䏃㒓೒1ᯙˈ㸼ᯢ⦃๗᳝䞡໻ব࣪ᯜ䳔㽕㋻ᗹ䇗ᶹDŽ೼ϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘফ࿕ 㚕ⱘ∈右⠽⾡᭄䞣催ѢϪ⬠Ϟ݊Ҫ7ᴵЏ㽕䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘKirby 2010;㾕೒2ᯙDŽ䖭ѯ⠽⾡໻䚼 ߚձ䌪╂䯈ᏺᯜ⡍߿ᰃ24⾡ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ៪䖥ॅⱘ吏呀㉏右ǃ∈⾑ǃ⨉呁ǃ吸㉏ǃ⍋右੠ 吜吩ᯘIUCN2011ᯙᯜ䖬᳝݊Ҫ9⾡吏呀㉏右ℷ೼ᅵ䆘Ёᯜৃ㛑ߚ㉏Ўফ࿕㚕⠽⾡៪䖥ᳳ䖥ॅ ⠽⾡DŽ ᄬ㛑䞣⫼Ѣ䭓䎱ټ㛑䞣੠ܙℛഄᰃ䖕亲右㸹ذℛഄᯘذ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ╂䯈ᏺⱘ⍜༅ᯜ⡍߿ᰃ ⾏亲㸠ⱘഄ⚍ᯙᯜᇍѢ吏呀㉏右⾡㕸㟇݇䞡㽕ᯘMyerset al. 1987, Goss-Custardet al. 1995, Bakeret al.2004, Buehler & Piersma 2008, Warnock 2010, Rakhimberdiev et al. 2011ᯙDŽ᭄ҹ ⱒϛ䅵ⱘ吏呀㉏右೼䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟ亲㸠ᯜѮ⌆ⱘ╂䯈ᏺᏆ㒣៤Ў䆹䏃㒓ϞⱘЏ㽕⫊乜ᯘBarter 2002, 2003, Bamfordet al. 2008, Caoetal. 2009, Rogers et al. 2010, Yang et al. 2011aᯙDŽ ╂䯈ᏺᰃ޴ⱒ⾡右ᯘ᭄䞣᳝޴ⱒϛাᯙⱘ䞡㽕ᷪᙃഄᯜгᰃ⍋啳ㄥᎶഄǃѮ⌆⍋䉍㐕Ⅺഄǃ䞡 㽕㒣⌢剐㉏ⱘ㐕Ⅺഄ੠᭄ग⾡᮴㛞Ợࡼ⠽ⱘᆊುDŽⳂࠡѮ⌆䆌໮ձ䌪╂䯈ᏺⱘ⠽⾡໘Ѣೄ ๗Ё˗՟བ᳝5⾡╂䯈ᏺ⍋㤝ᰃܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕⠽⾡ᯘShortet al. 2011ᯙᯜৄ⑒⍋ኵϰ䚼ॄ໾⋟偐 ⍋䈮ेЁढⱑ⍋䈮ᯘSousa chinensisᯙᰃᵕॅ⠽⾡ᯘRosset al. 2010ᯙDŽ ǃ䍟࢓੠࿕㚕ⱘֵᙃᯜ⹂ᅮњ᳔໻⸈ണ亢䰽ⱘމ⢊ߚᵤ㓐ড়њᏆ᳝ⱘ݇Ѣމ⢊IUCNথ䍋ⱘ ऎඳᯜᦤߎњֱᡸ䖭ѯ䞡㽕⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ⱘᣛᇐ㒆㽕DŽЎњᅠ៤ℸ乍㓐ড়ߚᵤᯜᇍ3乍݇䬂ᡩܹ 䖯㸠њ䆘ᅵᯪ(i)䆺ሑᅵ䯙Ꮖ㒣থ㸼੠ᇮ᳾থ㸼ⱘ᭛⤂ᯫ(ii)ߚᵤ৘⾡ᴹ⑤ⱘᏆ㒣থ㸼੠ᇮ ᳾থ㸼ⱘ᭄᥂ᯫ੠(iii)ऎඳϧᆊ੠ᔧഄϧᆊⱘᡩܹDŽ ೒ 1. A)吏呀㉏右ⱘ 8 ᴵ䖕 亲䏃㒓B)ϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ 䖕亲䏃㒓ᯘEAAFᯙDŽㆁ༈㸼⼎ 䖕亲∈右೼ܼ⧗ⱘ໮⾡䏃㒓 ᯘ Boere & Stroud 2006, Bamfordet al. 2008ᯙDŽᅲ䰙Ϟᯜ ϔ⾡右ⱘ䖕亲䏃㒓ৃҹ㽚Ⲫ䆹 䏃㒓ⱘ໻䚼ߚᯜৃҹ䖲㓁ഄ৥ ᯘ फ៪৥࣫亲㸠 Mintonet al. 2011, Battleyet al. 2012ᯙDŽ৥ 㐕Ⅺഄⱘ亲㸠໻໮䲚Ё೼咘⍋ ᯘ৿⏸⍋ᯙᯜᰃ↣ᑈ 3 㟇 5 ᳜ⱘ Џ㽕ⱘࡴ⊍キ ჺ৯ݛ݆ .2 㓐䗄 ⢊މߚᵤᰃ೼ᇍ᭛⤂䌘᭭⏅ܹ㋏㒳ⱘⷨお෎⸔Ϟᑊ㵡ড়њϧᆊᛣ㾕੠ܼ⧗ⱘᡩܹDŽᑓ⊯ഄᬊ 䲚ǃᭈ⧚੠ߚᵤ∈右ǃ䗝ᅮⱘ⾡㕸ǃᷪᙃഄϻ༅੠ফ࿕㚕䖛⿟ⱘ᭄᥂ᯜҢ㗠߸ᅮҔМᰃֱᡸ ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻ᳔䞡㽕੠᳔㛚ᔅⱘऎඳDŽߚᵤⱘ䞡⚍ᰃ˖ાѯ᥼ࡼ࡯䗴៤њ╂䯈ᏺ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳ঞ݊ ᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘϹ䞡ϻ༅៪ᇍ݊ᔶ៤њ࿕㚕ᯜࣙᣀϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ᭈԧ੠⡍߿䞡㽕ⱘ ഄഫ˗䖛এǃ⦄೼੠ᇚᴹⱘ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄೳഄᓔൺ䅵ߦᇍાϔϾഄഫ亢䰽᳔໻DŽᏆ㒣᳝޴乍 Ḝ՟ⷨおᦤկњഄഫⱘ䆺㒚ֵᙃᯜᣛᯢњ᳔ফ࿕㚕ⱘഄഫ៪ᇍ∈右䖕亲᳔䞡㽕ⱘഄഫDŽ ᭄᥂Ϣ᭄᥂ᑧ ϧᆊⱘᓩܹ ,8&1ᘏᑆџ৥Ϣᴀ乍ⷨお⍝ঞⱘ৘೑੠ऎඳᬓᑰঞ䴲ᬓᑰ㒘㒛ⱘⳌ݇䚼䮼থߎњ∛ᘏџᅲ ੠ᛣ㾕ⱘ䇋∖DŽᴀ乍ⷨお਌ᬊњҪӀড作ⱘᛣ㾕DŽℸ໪ˈ԰㗙ӀখࡴњϰѮ▇໻߽㽓Ѯ 䖕亲䏃㒓ӭԈ݇㋏㄀݁⃵Ӯ䆂ˈҪӀ೼䆹Ӯ䆂ϞϢϧᆊӀ੠ᬓᑰᅬਬ䖯㸠њ⏅ܹⱘⷨ䅼DŽ 右ⱘ⾡㕸 ෎Ѣᬊ䲚ⱘ᭄᥂੠⠽⾡ᇍ⦃๗ব࣪ⱘᬣᛳᑺᯜ៥Ӏ䗝ᢽњ╂䯈ᏺ੠╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄ㣗ೈⱘ∈ 右ᯘࣙᣀ吏呀㉏ᯜབ呀ǃ吏੠≭䫹㉏ᯜ㾕䰘ᔩ1ⱘৡᔩᯙᯜᅗӀᰃ៥ӀߚᵤЁ᳔ᙄᔧⱘᣛ⼎⠽DŽ މ⢊ᒋعᷪᙃ೼╂䯈ᏺⱘ∈右ԡѢ亳⠽䫒ⱘ乊㑻ˈ㒭៥Ӏᦤկњ᳔ᮍ֓ǃ᳔᳝࡯ⱘ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳 ⱘᣛ⼎ᯘMalloryet al. 2006ᯙᯜৠᯊ៥Ӏ᳝䖭ѯ右㉏㡃དⱘ⠽⾡ⲥ⌟᭄᥂ᯘLiet al. 2007, 2009b, Bamfordet al. 2008ᯙDŽ᭄᥂ᑧЁ᳝ձᄬѢϰѮ╂䯈ᏺঞ݊ᷪᙃഄⱘ155⾡∈右ⱘЄᆠᑺǃߚ ㄝ䆺㒚ֵᙃDŽ೼155Ͼ⠽⾡Ё᳝24⾡ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ⠽⾡ ᯘབᵕॅ⠽⾡ǃ▦ॅ៪މ⢊Ꮧǃֱᡸ 㛚ᔅ⠽⾡ᯜ㾕IUCNফ࿕㚕⠽⾡㑶㡆ৡᔩwww.iucnredlist.orgᯙ៪䖥ॅ⠽⾡ᯘ㾕䰘ᔩ1ᯙ˗711⾡ 䖕ᕭ吏呀㉏右ᯜࣙᣀ⍋叹Ϣ➩叹ᯘ㾕㄀5䚼ߚᯙDŽℸ໪ᯜ៥Ӏᦤկњᴀߚᵤ䞛⫼ⱘ݇䬂ऎඳݙᶤ ѯ吏呀㉏⾡㕸ᔧࠡ䍟࢓ⱘ᭄᥂ᯜҹঞᭈԧ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ⢊މᯘḍ᥂ᯚ຿݄໻ᄺ੠▇໻߽㽓Ѯ ⍝⾑ⷨお㒘ᦤկⱘ᭄᥂ᯙDŽ 䞡㽕ഄഫϢ݇䬂ऎඳ 䗮䖛ᇍ䞡⚍右ऎᯘ೑䰙右ⲳ2001ᯙᯜϰѮ-▇໻߽㽓Ѯ䖕亲䏃㒓ⱘ䖕ᕭ∈右ӭԈഄഫǃ吏呀㉏ 右೑䰙䞡㽕ഄഫᯘBamfordet al. 2008ᯙᯜ⍋ኌֱᡸഄㄝֵᙃⱘᭈ⧚ᯜ䅸ᅮњ388ഫ⍋ኌഄഫ߫ ܹᴀ乍ⷨおЁᯘ䰘ᔩ11ᯙDŽҢܼ䚼ഄഫЁ⹂ᅮњϔ㒘ഄഫᯘ䰘ᔩ11ᯜ㉫ԧᯙ݋᳝໻䞣߫Ўܼ⧗ ফ࿕㚕៪䖥ॅ∈右ᯜϔᑈЁӏԩᯊ䯈䛑᳝催ᑺ໮ḋᗻ੠໻㾘῵⾡㕸ⱘ吏呀㉏右DŽ⡍߿ᰃ䖭 ϔ㒘ഄഫ಴ЎҹϟϝϾ಴㋴㗠៤ЎӋ᳔ؐ催ⱘഄഫᯪ 1. ܼ⧗ফ࿕㚕ⱘ੠䖥ॅⱘ吏呀㉏⠽⾡᭄Ⳃ੠݊Ҫ╂∤∈右ⱘ᭄Ⳃᯫ ᔧࠡ吏呀㉏右ⱘ᭄Ⳃ催Ѣ䖕亲䏃㒓Ϟⱘ⾡㕸᭄䞣ⱘ1% (ϔᑈЁⱘ᳔催᭄ؐ)ᯫ.2 3.吏呀㉏右ⱘᘏ䞣 Ўߚᵤ᳔㒜ഄഫ㒘ᯜ៥Ӏᣝ✻ഄ⧚ԡ㕂ᡞᅗӀᬒ೼݇䬂ऎඳݙDŽᕐℸ᥹䖥ⱘഄഫᯜབᵰᅗӀ ⊓ⴔ╂䯈ᏺᷪᙃഄⱘ䖲㓁ᓊ䭓ᮍ৥ᯜህৃҹ䅸ЎᅗӀᰃৠϔϾ݇䬂ऎඳDŽ㹿䅸ᅮⱘ݇䬂ऎ ඳ᳝݅16Ͼᯘ䰘ᔩ2㄀5䚼ߚᯙDŽ䗮䖛ᇍᏆ㒣থ㸼ⱘ੠ᇮ᳾থ㸼ⱘϡৠᴹ⑤ⱘ᭄᥂䖯㸠ᅵ䯙ᯜ 䗮䖛ϧᆊ੼䆶䖛⿟ᯜᅠ៤↣ϔϾ݇䬂ऎඳⱘߚᵤᯜҢ㗠ᕫߎ: ᡸഄⱘ㽚Ⲫ㣗ೈᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫֱ .1 1 ϡࣙᣀ♄༈呺叵ᯘVanellus cinereus,ᯙǃ▇ ⌆ ➩ 吏 ᯘStiltia isabellaᯙᯜ޸༈呺叵ᯘVanellus vanellusᯙ,䭓ఈࠥ 吏ᯘCharadrius placidusᯙ,ᅗӀϡՓ⫼╂䯈ᏺⒽ⍖੠/៪ᅮᷪⱘ ᯜ᮴䆎ᰃ೑ݙ䖬ᰃ೑䰙ᯜᏆ㒣ᰃ৺ᇚܹ݊߫೑䰙䞡㽕މ⢊བৃ㛑ᯜ↣Ͼ݇䬂ऎඳⱘֱᡸ ⑓ഄৡᔩ៪԰Ў׭䗝ᯘ೑䰙右ⲳ2005ᯙᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫḍ᥂Ϟ䗄಴ᄤᕫߎⱘ⫳⠽໮ḋᗻ⡍⚍ᯘඍᔩ ᯙᯫ፧ 3. ╂䯈ᏺ⑓ഄ೼2000ᑈҹࠡ੠ᔧࠡᯘ2010ᑈҹৢᯙⱘ䴶⿃DŽབ᳝ৃ㛑ᯜ߽⫼Ꮖ㒣থ㸼ⱘ䌘 ⑤DŽབᵰϔϾऎඳ≵᳝ৃҹՓ⫼ⱘֵᙃᯜ៥ӀৃҹՓ⫼ᇮ᳾থ㸼ⱘϰѮ╂䯈ᏺ䘹ᛳ䌘᭭ ᯘMurray et al. ᇮ᳾থ㸼ⱘ᭄᥂ᯙDŽ݇Ѣ╂∤ऎඳⱘ㣗ೈᯜৃҹ߽⫼Ꮖⶹ╂∤催ᑺⱘLandsat ऎ߿ᯜৃҹ᥂ℸ䅵ㅫϸϾᯊᳳП䯈ⱘ╂∤Ⓗ⍖ڣ䌘᭭䅵ㅫDŽ߽⫼催╂੠Ԣ╂ⱘ೒ڣि᯳೒ 䴶⿃ⱘޣᇥ䞣ᯘ䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫ 4. ೳഄᓔൺᇍ╂䯈⑓ഄ↨՟ⱘᕅડᯘ㸼4੠䰘ᔩ2ᯙᯫ 5. ᇍ䖭ѯഄഫⱘ᥼ࡼ࡯Ϣ࿕㚕DŽ ᴀ乍ⷨおᦤկḜ՟ⷨおᯜࣙᣀϔѯ᳔ফ࿕㚕៪ᇍ∈右᳔䞡㽕ⱘഄഫᯘ䰘ᔩ9ᯙDŽ