Guinea-Bissau: Peacebuilding Responses to Impunity and Exclusiveness
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Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? a Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-Brokered Conakry Accord
d Secur n ity a e S c e a r i e e s P FES SENEGAL GUINEA-BISSAU NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN GUINEA Habibu Yaya Bappah Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? A Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-brokered Conakry Accord SENEGAL GUINEA-BISSAU NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN GUINEA Habibu Yaya Bappah Why Peace Fails in Guinea Bissau? A Political Economy Analysis of the ECOWAS-brokered Conakry Accord About the author Dr Habibu Yaya Bappah is a full time Lecturer in the Department of Political Science/International Studies at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. His teaching and research interests are in regional integration, regional security and governance, human rights, democracy and development with a particular focus on the African Union and ECOWAS. He has had stints and research fellowships in the Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security at the ECOWAS Commission and in the African Union Peace & Security Programme at the Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He is an alumnus of the African Leadership Centre (ALC) at King’s College London. Imprint Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Peace and Security Centre of Competence Sub-Saharan Africa Point E, boulevard de l’Est, Villa n°30 P.O. Box 15416 Dakar-Fann, Senegal Tel.: +221 33 859 20 02 Fax: +221 33 864 49 31 Email: [email protected] www.fes-pscc.org ©Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 2017 Layout : Green Eyez Design SARL, www.greeneyezdesign.com ISBN : 978-2-490093-01-4 “Commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is not permitted without the written consent of the FES. -
4C Buried Secrets
R-0048 a reporter at laRgE bURiEd sEcrets How an Israeli billionaire wrested control of one of Africa’s biggest prizes. bY paTRick radden keefE 50 THE NEW YORKER, JULY 8 & 15, 2013 TNY—2013_07_08&15—PAGE 50—133SC.—Live art r23707—CritiCAL PHOTOGRAPH TO BE WATCHED THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PRESS run—pLEASE PULL KODAK APPROVAL PROOF F0R PRESS COLOR GUID- ANCE 4C ne of the world’s largest known de- As wealthy countries confront the posits of untapped iron ore is buried prospect of rapidly depleting natural re- insideO a great, forested mountain range in sources, they are turning, increasingly, the tiny West African republic of Guinea. to Africa, where oil and minerals worth In the country’s southeast highlands, far trillions of dollars remain trapped in the from any city or major roads, the Siman- ground. By one estimate, the continent dou Mountains stretch for seventy miles, holds thirty per cent of the world’s min- looming over the jungle floor like a giant eral reserves. Paul Collier, who runs the dinosaur spine. Some of the peaks have Center for the Study of African Econo- nicknames that were bestowed by geolo- mies, at Oxford, has suggested that “a gists and miners who have worked in the new scramble for Africa” is under way. area; one is Iron Maiden, another Metal- Bilateral trade between China and Af- lica. Iron ore is the raw material that, once rica, which in 2000 stood at ten billion smelted, becomes steel, and the ore at Si- dollars, is projected to top two hundred mandou is unusually rich, meaning that billion dollars this year. -
Ethnicity in Guinea
Guinea Ethnicity in Guinea Group selection The Malinke, Peul and Susu are politically relevant groups in Guinea. The remaining 10% of the population (besides the three big politically relevant groups) is made up of several small ethnic groups, none of which is politically organized/represented and thus politically irrelevant according to the definition of EPR. Group sizes according to figures provided by the CIA World Factbook (2245). 2245 [CIA World Factbook] Power relations 1958-1984, Sekou Toure’s rule Toure, a Malinke, who led the country to independence was known for his personal commitment to a transethnic, united Guinean na- tion (2246; 2247). Although his party (PDG) - the country’s single 2246 [Schmidt, 2005] ruling party until the military coup in 1984 - was sometimes por- 2247 [O’Toole, 2005] trayed/seen as a Malinke and Susu and anti-Peul party by political opponents, its leaders made a great personal effort to construct a party and government that included all of the country’s ethnic groups and to maintain an ethnic balance (2248) - despite the highly 2248 [Schmidt, 2005] personalized rule of Toure. Representation of all regions and ethnic groups in the party leadership was emphasized (2249). 2249 [Schmidt, 2005] Nevertheless, the more distrustful and authoritarian Toure be- came over the years, the more he was inclined to rely on a small clique of family members and Malinke associates which in the end formed the inner power circle of the regime (2250). I thus coded the 2250 [O’Toole, 2005] Malinke as "senior partner" and the Susu and Peul as “junior part- ners”. -
Guinea-Bissau 2012
Guinea-Bissau 2012 www.africaneconomicoutlook.org Guinea-Bissau Economic growth in 2011 reached 5.1% but the expected fall in exports of cashew nuts will have a negative effect on the economy in 2012 and 2013. Attempts to stabilise the economy continue through better fiscal revenue recovery and control of spending on wages, goods and services. Unemployment affects about 30% of the nation's young people. Political instability, a weak economy and a mismatch between training and the country's economic needs are making the situation worse. Overview Guinea Bissau produced a strong economic performance in 2011. Growth in gross domestic product (GDP) rose to 5.1% from 3.5% in 2010, helped by exports, particularly of cashew nuts. Exports of the latter accounted for 81% of all exports in 2009/10 and reached 90% in 2011, thanks to an exceptional harvest. But the debt crisis in Europe is expected to lead to a drop in world prices for the nuts and, consequently, growth should fall to 4.6% in 2012, rising to 4.9% in 2013. Inflation rose to 4.6% because of a rise in import prices but should drop back in 2013 to beneath the 3% norm fixed by the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The budget deficit deepened to 1.6% of GDP. Efforts to control spending and improve revenue recovery should lead to a recovery in 2013 to a deficit of 0.2%. The current account deficit improved in 2011 to amount to 6.7% of GDP but should increase by at least 1% of GDP in 2012 and 2013. -
A Problemática Do Sistema De Governo Na Guiné-Bissau
UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA Faculdade de Direito A Problemática do Sistema de Governo na Guiné-Bissau Trabalho de investigação apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses Aluno: Aníran Ykey Pereira Kafft Kosta Orientador: Professor Doutor João Carlos Simões Gonçalves Loureiro Coimbra, 2016 Índice Lista de Siglas / Abreviaturas ................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................................... 4 I. ANÁLISE: TIPOS DE SISTEMAS DE GOVERNO ................................................ 6 1. SISTEMA PARLAMENTAR.................................................................................... 6 1.1. NOÇÃO................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. CARACTERÍSTICAS ............................................................................................ 6 1.3. VANTAGENS ........................................................................................................ 9 1.4. DESVANTAGENS ................................................................................................. 9 2. SISTEMA PRESIDENCIAL ................................................................................... 11 2.1. NOÇÃO................................................................................................................. 11 2.2. CARACTERÍSTICAS ......................................................................................... -
First ECOWAS Peacekeeping Troops Arrive in Guinea-Bissau
First ECOWAS peacekeeping troops arrive in Guinea-Bissau May 18, 2012 by Agency Reporter Some 70 soldiers of a west African force arrived in Guinea-Bissau on Thursday, part of regional efforts to restore stability after an April 12 coup, an Agence France Presse reports. The soldiers from Burkina Faso were welcomed by officers from Guinea Bissau’s police and army as well as representatives of the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African states. Just before their arrival ECOWAS had announced that it was deploying a force of 629 men to Guinea- Bissau “to relieve the Angolan military personnel and support the restoration of constitutional rule. The soldiers who ousted Guinea-Bissau’s government last month cited the Angolan force as a reason for their coup. They claimed the Angolan troops were conspiring with the Bissau government against the army, which for years has had tense relations with civilian leaders in the chronically unstable west African state. The soldiers’ arrival took place on the same day as the prime minister of a transitional government, Rui Duarte Barros, was sworn into office. The new government comes after putschists and 35 political parties signed an agreement on a transition period of one year until fresh elections are held. The coup aborted an election process in which ex-prime minister Carlos Gomes was the favourite to win. He and interim president Raimundo Pereira, appointed after the death of President Malam Bacai Sanha in January, were both arrested during the coup and have sought refuge in Abidjan since their release. Copyright © 2012 Punch Nigeria Limited . -
A Independência Da Guiné-Bissau
A Independência da Guiné-Bissau Regimes Políticos da Guiné-Bissau - Os dois primeiros Governos Provisórios de Portugal cumpriram a promessa de reconhecimento da República da Guiné-Bissau. Foi o adeus a uma província que era sempre a madrasta do Império Colonial, não fosse ela a mais pequena e a mais pobre das províncias em guerra. O facto de apenas existir um movimento de libertação – o PAIGC – tornou mais fácil chegar a um entendimento entre as entidades portuguesas e aquele movimento para, no fundo, aquelas reconhecerem a independência que já tinha sido unilateralmente declarada em 24 de Setembro de 1973. Após esta data, não faltaram países a reconhecerem o novo Estado: até ao final daquele ano, foram cerca de 40 e, em 31 de Maio de 1974, eram já 84. O 10 de Setembro de 1974 marca, assim, o início do rumo político de um novo Estado, deixado agora totalmente nas mãos do povo guineense, melhor dizendo, na mãos dos dirigentes políticos guineenses. Embora para estes, o dia efectivo da independência seja o 24 de Setembro de 1973. A Guiné-Bissau, desde então totalmente independente e administrada por mãos próprias, teve ao longo destes 34 anos muitas metamorfoses políticas que lhe proporcionaram grandes e graves contratempos para a consolidação da democracia, estabilidade política e desenvolvimento sócio-económico. Alguns anos sem eleições e com um sistema de partido único, depois golpes de Estado frequentes, a Guiné-Bissau acabou por “oferecer” ao seu povo graves desentendimentos políticos que só trouxeram desordens, pouco desenvolvimento e mais pobreza. De tal forma que muitos guineenses passaram a manifestar saudades do tempo em que os portugueses, apesar da nefasta guerra, distribuíam alimentação (arroz e outros produtos) em todo o território e apoiavam as populações que o desejassem, não só nas cidades e vilas, mas também nos locais mais recônditos onde existissem Tabancas. -
Annotated Bibliograpy on CIVIL SOCIETY
CODESRIA Documentation and Information Centre Centre de documentation et d’information du CODESRIA CIVIL SOCIETY West Africa; Cameroon, Chad SOCIETE CIVILE Afrique de l’Ouest; Cameroun, Tchad Annotated Bibliography / Bibliographie annotée CODESRIA, February / février 2006 CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION (anglais) Page 03 INTRODUCTION (français) Page 04 GENERAL DOCUMENTS / DOCUMENTS GENERAUX Page 06 BENIN Page 89 BURKINA FASO Page 97 CAMEROON / CAMEROUN Page 103 CAPE VERDE / CAP VERT Page 116 CHAD / TCHAD Page 118 COTE D’IVOIRE Page 122 GAMBIA / GAMBIE Page 134 GHANA Page 135 GUINEA / GUINEE Page 149 GUINEA-BISSAU / GUINEE- BISSAU Page 153 LIBERIA Page 156 MALI Page 162 MAURITANIA / MAURITANIE Page 169 NIGER Page 171 NIGERIA Page 175 SENEGAL Page 213 SIERRA LEONE Page 226 TOGO Page 235 Annotated bibliography on Civil society: West Africa; Cameroon; Chad 2 Introduction The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) http://www.codesria.org with the support from the Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA) http://www.osiwa.org has launched a twin project on civil society and governance in West Africa. Two other countries are also covered: these are Cameroon and Chad. It is within this framework that the Documentation and Information Centre of CODESRIA (CODICE) has produced this annotated bibliography listing several documents on civil society in Africa. These documents are mainly books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, theses and dissertations. The documents are mainly in English and French. Structure The bibliography comprises two main parts. In the first part are listed general documents on the theme of civil society. The second part is divided into sections by countries. -
GUÍAS DE FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFÍAS ESPECIALIZADAS África a Debate
GUÍAS DE FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFÍAS ESPECIALIZADAS África a debate MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE DOCUMENTACIÓN Y PUBLICACIONES La bibliografía África a debate ha sido elaborada en el Centro de Documentación de Defensa por Julia Carcedo Muro y Gema García Segovia, bajo la dirección de María José Campillo García, Jefa de Difusión y Servicios a Usuarios, y Ana Isabel Cervantes Muñoz, Jefa del Centro de Documentación. CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://www.060.es Edita: © Editor, 2008 NIPO: 076-08-185-6 (edición en papel) 076-08-186-1 (edición en linea) ISBN: 978-84-9781-429-4 Depósito Legal: M-40381-2008 Maquetación, impresión y encuadernación: Running Producción, S.A. Tirada: 1.000 ejemplares Fecha de edición: agosto 2008 Índice Página Presentación . 7 Selección de documentos Aproximación al gran continente . 13 Un continente en conflicto . 29 Las potencias y factores internacionales . 61 Política, cooperación y derechos humanos . 105 Relaciones España – África . 143 Selección de revistas . 159 Bases de datos en línea . 165 Direcciones de Internet . 173 5 PRESENTACIÓN El Centro de Documentación de Defensa viene recopilando desde el año 2005 guías de fuentes o bibliografías especializadas para profundizar en el estudio de los temas objeto de las principales reuniones técnicas, jornadas o seminarios que celebra el departamento. Con motivo de las ediciones XIII, XIV y XV del Curso Internacional de Defensa de Jaca se publicaron los títulos “Islamismo- Fundamentalismo”, “El Mediterráneo: unión y frontera” y “Una mirada al mundo del siglo XXI”. Con la misma intención se recopila ahora en apoyo del XVI Curso Internacional de Defensa de Jaca (septiembre de 2008) esta nueva guía bibliográfica, que adopta como ya es tradición el mismo título del Curso: “África a debate”. -
Guinea Bissau Conflict Insight
PEACE & SECURITY REPORT Vol. 1 July 2019 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT INSIGHT ABOUT THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and recommendations to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision making and in the implementation of peace and www.ipss-addis.org/publications security-related instruments. IPSS PEACE & SECURITY REPORT CONTENTS SITUATION ANALYSIS 2 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT 4 ACTORS 7 DYNAMICS OF THE CONFLICT 9 RESPONSES 12 SCENARIOS 13 STRATEGIC OPTIONS 14 REFERENCES 15 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT TIMELINE (1974 - 2018) 16 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Mesfin Gebremichael (Editor in Chief) Ms. Elshaddai Mesfin (Author) Ms. Alem Kidane Ms. Tigist Kebede Feyissa Ms. Tsion Belay EDITING, DESIGN & LAYOUT Michelle Mendi Muita (Editor) Abel B Ayalew (Design & Layout) © 2018 Institute for Peace and Security Studies | Addis Ababa University. All rights reserved. 1 GUINEA BISSAU CONFLICT INSIGHT SITUATION ANALYSIS PO G LI P DP FE U P E L E X A R P T E I A C O P T N I A T N A C Y 1.9M $1.529 51.3 A T B I R T H ( ) Y S E R A HU NE RE M IG Cs A H N B O D U E R V S Figure 1: Country profile E Guinea Index: 0.420 L ECOWAS and demographics (2018) O Conakry Rank: 179/189 P CEN-SAD M Senegal i Sources: Human Development E N Index(HDI), 2018, available at T I N http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/ D ) E I X D ( H hdr_theme/country-notes/GNB.pdf Guinea Bissau is a country located on the coast of West is essential to achieving economic growth. -
Guinea: Situation Analysis and Outlook
writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) e-mail: [email protected] independent analysis GUINEA: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND OUTLOOK A Writenet Report by Paul Melly commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Emergency and Technical Support Service August 2008 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or Practical Management. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................. ii 1 Introduction........................................................................................3 1.1 The Present Situation ..................................................................................3 1.2 Some Background Data...............................................................................4 1.3 Outline of Events since 2006 .......................................................................5 2 Overview of the Crisis .......................................................................6 -
Guinea-Bissau
Polity IV Country Report 2010: Guinea-Bissau Score: 2009 2010 Change Polity: 6 6 0 Democ: 7 7 0 Autoc: 1 1 0 Durable: 5 Tentative: Yes SCODE GNB CCODE 404 Date of Report 1 June 2011 Polity IV Component Variables XRREG XRCOMP XROPEN XCONST PARREG PARCOMP 2 2 4 6 3 4 Date of Most Recent Polity Transition (3 or more point change) End Date 30 September 2005 Begin Date 1 October 2005 Polity Fragmentation: No Constitution 1999 President Malam Bacai Sanhá (PAIGC); directly elected 28 June and 26 July 2009, 37.5% and 63.3% Executive(s) Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Junior (PAIGC); appointed by the president on 25 December 2008 Unicameral: People’s National Assembly (100 seats; directly elected; most recent elections, 16 November 2008) Legislature African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC): 67 Party for Social Renewal (PRS): 28 Other parties: 5 Judiciary Supreme Court Narrative Description:1 Executive Recruitment: Transitional or Restricted Elections (7) For much of the past decade Guinea-Bissau has struggled to recover from the collapse of central governance following ex-President João Bernardo Vieira’s attempt to remove his chief of staff, General Ansumane Mané, from office in June 1998. Amidst widespread civil violence President Vieira was finally ousted from power by troops loyal to Mane in May 1999. The military junta named National Assembly Speaker Maladan Bacai Sanhá (PAIGC) Interim President and established a timetable for the return of democratic governance. Six candidates competed in the presidential elections held in November 1999. 1 The research described in this report was sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF).